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California Academy of Sciences Library
By action of the Board of Trustees of the
Leland Stanford Junior University on June
14, 1974, this book has been placed
on deposit with the
California Academy of Sciences Library.
/3j
ENGLISH BOTANY.
ENGLISH BOTANY;
OB,
COLOUEED FIGURES
OF
BBITISH PLANTS.
©jM (Bittow.
ENLAKGED, RE-AEEANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL ORDERS ^AND ENTIRELY REVISED.
WITH DESCRIPTIONS BY
JOHN T. BOSWELL, LL.D., F.L.S., etc.,
AND
N. E. BROWN,
Of the Royal HerUirium, Kew,
The Figures by W. H. FITCH, N. E. BROWN,
AND
JOHN EDWARD SOWERBY,
Illustrator of the " Wild Flowers Worth Notice," &o. &c.
VOLUME XII.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MARSILIACE/E TO CHAIiACEJE.- GENERAL INDEX.
LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1886. !/\A
b2631 7
London : printed by william clowes and sons, limited,
STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.
.Si
181,3 y.
PUBLISHERS' NOTE.
The following Volume, containing the descriptions of British Crypto- gamous Plants, completes the 3rd Edition of ' English Botany ' within the limits proposed by its Editor, Mr. Boswell (Syme), with the exception of such supplementary and additional matter as the progress of time since its publication has rendered necessary. Unfortunately, the failure of Mr. Boswell's health prevented him from finishing his work, and its completion is due to Mr. N. E. Brown, of the Royal Herbarium, Kew, who had previously undertaken the drawings of some of the plants, and has ably supplemented the incomplete descriptions.
He has also undertaken the arduous work of revising the Latin Indices of the several Volumes which now, incorporated with the English indices, and with a new one of French and German names, furnish for the first time a complete Index to the whole work.
ENGLISH BOTANY.
CONTENTS OF THE VOLUMES.
Volume I.
Ranunculacerc, Berberidaceaa, Nymphfeacete, Papaveracea?, and Cruciferre.
Volume II.
Resedaceaa, Cistacea?, Violacea?, Droseracea?, Polygalacefe, Frankeniaceaa, Caro- pbyllaceae, Portulacaceas, Tanmriscacere, Elatinacere, Hypericaceae, Malvaceae, Tiliaceaa, Linaceas, Geraniaceaa, Ilicinea?, Celastraceaa, Rbaninaceae, Sapindaceaa.
Volume III.
Leguminiferae and Rosacea?.
Volume IV.
Lytbraceae, Onagraceae, Cucurbitacea*, Grossulariaceas, Crassulaceae, SaxifragaceaB, Unibelliferaa, Araliaceaa, Cornaceae, Lorantbaceas, Caprifoliaceaa, Rubiaceae, Vale- rianacea), and Dipsaceaa.
Volume V.
All tbe Plants ranked under tbe order Composite.
Volume VI.
Carapanulaceae, Ericacea?, Jasnrinaceaa, Apocynaceae, Gentianaceas, Polenioniaceee, Convolvulaccae, Sulanaceas, Scropbulariacea?, Orobancbacea), and Verbenaceas.
YuLUME VII.
Labiatae, Boraginaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Priinulacea;, Plunibaginaceae, Plantagi- naceae, Paronycbiaccaa, and Aniarantaceai.
Volume VIII.
Cbenopodiaceaa, Polygonacea?, Eleganaceae, Thyruelaceas, Santalaceas, Aristo- locbiacea), Ernpetracca?, Eupborbiacea?, Callitricbacea?, Ceratopbyllaceao, Urticacea\ Aruentiferae, and Coniferae.
Volume IX.
Typbacea}, Aracca?, Leninaceae, Naiadacea?, Alismacea?, Hydrocbaridacea?, Orcbi- daceas, Iridacca;, Anmryllidaceae, Diascoreacea?, and Liliacoae.
Volume X.
Juncacea; and Cyperacere.
Volume XI.
Graminaceae.
Volume XII.
Marsiliaceaj, Isoetacea), Sclaginellaceas, Lycopodiacea?, Opbioglossaceae, Filiccs, Equisetaceae, and Cbaraccas, General Index.
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189
PLATE
1826*
1827 1871 1897
For p. 622, read p. 602.
For Plates 1871, 1872; read Plates 1870, 1871.
After ATHYEIUM FLEXILE, add Syme ; and beneath this line
insert, Plate 1871. After CETERACH OFFICIXARUM, add Desr. For Hurd Fern, read Hard Fern. For Arthur Bennett, read A. W. Bennett.
|
200 |
18 |
|
215 |
2 |
|
217 |
31 |
► After the word Brunn, strike out the comma.
Strike out the words Var. a. genuina.
Strike out N. glomerata, var. (3 Smithii, with the remarks re- ferring to it, and add the synonymy to that of N. glomerata. Messrs. Groves having intimated in the Journal of Botany, 1885, p. 350, that they had found nucules on Mr. Borrer's Lancing specimen, induced me to re-examine it, and in a fertile head taken from another part of the specimen, I find some ex- tremely young nucules in their first stages of development ; the two heads previously examined by me were probably too young, as I could find nothing of the kind upon them, although care- fully searched for under a power of 450 diameters. The var. Smithii must therefore be considered to be founded upon an immature state of N. glomerata.
Strike out these lines beginning at the words ' The plant,' &c, as there is a specimen of N. prolifera from the Glasnevin Canal in the Herbarium of the late Dr. D. Moore, at Dublin.
For the word but, read and.
After var. ? /3. connivens, add N. E. Brown.
After the words ' beneath the nucule ' add — ? (Messrs. Groves in the Journal of Botany, 1885, p. 350, state that this is not the case in their specimen, but do not say how they are situated. As this is the normal position of the globules in the group to which this species belongs, a further discovery of monoecious specimens may possibly prove Messrs. Groves' example to be abnormal.)
For Isoetes eu-lacustris, var. Morei, read Isoetis lacustris, var. Morei.
For Poetes echinospora, read Isoetes echinospora.
For Athyrium alpestre, var. flexile, read Athyrium flexile.
Strike out the words var. Wilsoni.
X. E. Brow-w]
36-40
ENGLISH BOTANY.
SUBKINGDOM II.
CRYPTOGAMIA, or FLOWERLESS PLANTS.
Plaxts destitute of flowers furnished with special organs of repro- duction (stamens and pistils), but producing spores, which differ from seeds in containing no embryo previous to germination. The plants have, however, at some period of their growth, bodies which represent the male and female organs of flowering plants, which are so various that they must be described under each separate Class or Order.
CLASS L— VASCULARE S.
Herbs, usually perennial, very rarely annual, rarely trees, which have a stem composed of cellular tissue in which are imbedded closed fibro-vascular bundles, the whole covered by an epidermis, producing adventitious roots and leaves, or representatives of leaves with various venation. Spores produced without fertilisation, included in spore cases which are either enclosed in sporocarps (modified leaves), or naked in the axils of the leaves or on the back of the leaves, or on the under side of peltate hexagonal plates collected into a terminal cone. Male and female organs produced on a prothallium, which is the result of the germination of the spore. The prothallium is sometimes simply a growth of cellular tissue which protrudes from the spores after the latter have burst, but in other cases it grows out into a scale resembling a Liverwort, and has an independent existence sometimes lasting for months. In either case, the female organs (archegonia) are formed in the prothallium, their essential part consisting of a cell {nospliere), enclosed in the tissue of the prothallium, and having an
VOL. XTT. B
2 ENGLISH BOTANY.
open protruding neck : the male organs consist of spiral ciliated threads {antherozoids), produced from cells (antheridia), either formed upon or in the prothallium or contained in separate spores from those which produce the prothallium which developes the archegonia.
ORDER LXXXIX.— M ARSILIACEjE.
Aquatic or marsh plants with creeping rooting branched root- stocks. Leaves alternate, erect, filiform, without any lamina, or with a lamina composed of 4 equal, obovate, entire or retuse leaflets ; in either case with circinate vernation. Sporangia contained in cap- sules or sporocarps, subsessile in the axils of the leaves or more or less longly stalked and springing from the lower part of the leaf, globular or ovoid, often hairy at least when young, 2- to 4-celled vertically, 2- to 4-valved. Spores of two kinds, the larger (inacrosjwres) solitary in each macrosporangium, the smaller (microspores) numerous in each microsporangium. Macrosporangia and microsporangia included in the same sporocarp. Prothallium developed from a papilla at the apex of the macrospcre ; its oosphere, after being fertilised by the antherozoids discharged from the microspores, developes and forms I lie new plant.
GENUS /.— PILULARIA. Linn.
Sjiorocarps subglobular subsessile and erect, or shortly stalked and bent down, 2- or 4-celled, 2- or 4-valved at the apex.
Aquatic herbs, with slender branched creeping stems and setaceous leaves without any lamina.
Name derived from pilula, a pill, which the sporocarps resemble.
SPECIES I.-PILUL ARIA GLOBULIFERA. Linn.
Plate 1825. Rabenhorst, Cryptogams Yasculares Europese Exsiccatte, No. 27.
Sporocarps subglobose, 4-celled, 4-valved, 3 or 4 times longer than their peduncle, erect. Microspores numerous, ovoid, constricted in the middle. Microspores without a gelatinous covering.
On the margins of lakes and ponds, usually in shallow water, but left growing in the damp mud in summer. The Rev. W. W. Spicer says, that in September he found it in a pond near Guildford, Surrey, in water 40 inches deep. (Phyt. 1851, p. 3.r>0.)
marsiliacej:. 6
Rather sparingly but generally distributed from Cornwall and Sussex, northwards to Skye and Sutherland. Rare in Ireland, where it has been noticed in the west, and more plentifully in the north-east.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Rootstock long, creeping, filiform, sparingly branched, glabrous except at the growing apex, which is clothed with hairs, producing 1 or more adventitious roots at each point from which leaves are given off. Leaves 1 to 4 inches long, 2 to 4 together at intervals along the rootstock, erect, deep green, smooth, with a few very minute hairs or papilke, the young ones coiled up at the apex like the fronds of a Fern. Sporocarps solitary in the axils of the leaves, very shortly stalked, globose, slightly pointed, resembling small peppercorns, at first hairy, at length glabrous, divided parallel to the axis into 4 cells, with a parietal placenta running clown each ; to this placenta the sporangia are attached, forming a sorus. Lower sporangia in each sorus a dozen or more, each containing a single macrospore ; upper- most sporangia of the sorus containing numerous microspores : in either case the sporangia are small thin hyaline walled sacs which eventually burst and discharge their spores, which escape enveloped in the jelly which fills the sporangia, and by its expansion causes their rupture. Ripe microspores enveloped in a gelatinous coat, furnished with a small projection at the apex, formed by the protrusion of the inner layer of the spore, which is torn into shreds. Underneath all this there is a collection of protoplasm, from which is developed the prothallium ; for the details of this, see Hoffmeister on the Higher Cryptogamia, translated by Currie, pp. 318 to 324.
Pillwort, or Pepper -grass.
ORDER XC— I SOETACE^.
Aquatic or terrestrial plants consisting of a fleshy depressed 2- to 4- lobed corm, producing simple or forked root-fibres, and giving rise to rush-like leaves with dilated bases, which are sometimes per- sistent. Leaves subulate or linear, containing 4 air- tubes, with transverse partitions, furnished with stomata in some species. Sporangia solitary, immersed in the inner face of the dilated base of the leaves to which they are connected by their backs, crossed internally by threads affixed to their upper and under sides ; the sporangia of the outer leaves containing numerous macrospores, those of the inner leaves containing very numerous microspores. Some species have phyllodee, or barren leaves, on the conn between the
4 ENGLISH BOTANY.
leaves bearing macrosporangia and those bearing microsporangia. Macrospores large, with a whitish crustaceous integument, sub- globular, trigonous towards the apex, the division between the hemi- spherical and the trigonous portion, and those between the three faces of the trigonous part marked by elevated lines, the trigonous portion ultimately opening into three valves. Microspores very numerous and very minute, grey, oblong-trigonous, marked by a single line. Macrospore developing a prothallium at its apex, which has its oosphere fertilised by the antherozoids developed in the microspores, as in the Marsiliacese.
GENUS L—I S O E T E S. Linn. The only genus. Characters the same as those of the Order.
Name from Tcros (isos), equal, and eros (etos), year, from the plant having the same appearance all the year round.
SPECIES I.-I S O E T E S LACUSTRIS. Linn.
Plates 1826 and 1827.
Plant aquatic, submerged. Boots glabrous. Corm 2-Iobed, not clothed with the persistent and hardened bases of former leaves. Leaves subcylindrical or tetragonous, subulate, with broad sheathing bases having membranous edges and smooth backs, straight or recurved, erect or ascending, more or less translucent, without marginal bast- fibres, and without stomata or with very few. Phyllodes absent. Velum incomplete. Sporangia oblong-ovoid oval-ovoid or subglobose, unspotted. Macrospores with a white crustaceous integument, tuber- culate, with the tubercles not coalescing into ridges. Microspores smooth.
Subspecies L— Isoetes eu-lacustris. Plate 1826.
Babcnh. Crypt Vase. Europ. Nos. 5 and 77.
I. lacustris, Durieu et Auct. plur. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 456. Alilrfe, Filices Europ. p. 276.
Plant aquatic, submerged. Boot-fibres glabrous. Corm 2-lobed, with 3 to 7 longitudinal furrows, not clothed with the persistent and hardened bases of former leaves. Leaves slightly translucent, dark green, sub- cylindrical-terete or subulate, with broad sheathing bases having
ISOETACE-E. 5
membranous margins and smooth backs, erect or ascending, straight or recurved, without marginal bast-fibres, and without stomata or with very few. Phyllodes absent. Velum incomplete. Sporangia oblong- ovoid or subglobose, unspotted. Macrospores with a white crustaceous integument, tuberculate with prominent blunt or truncated tubercles, which are not hig-her than broad.
-
Yar. a. genuina.
Plate 1826.
Leaves rarely exceeding 6 or 7 inches in length, stout, more or less recurved when the plants are not crowded ; the membranous margins usually rather narrower than the firm portion of the leaf-base.
Tar. /3. Morei. Plate 1826*. I. Morei, D. Moore in Journal of Botany (i878), p. 353.
Leaves 1 to 2 feet long or more ; more slender and more tapering than in var. a, erect, or with the apices floating ; the membranous margins usually as broad as the firm portion of the leaf-base. Macrospores in more saccate cavities, and fewer in number, and microspores smaller than in var. a.
Yar. a occurs in lakes, growing submerged in the water, almost confined to hilly districts. In YTales it is frequent in Carnarvonshire, and occurs also in Merioneth and Denbigh. Frequent in the Lake district. In Scotland it occurs in most of the counties from the Forth and Clyde north to Caithness and Sutherland. Dr. A. P. Duguid found it in Loch of Carness, Orkney. In Ireland it occurs from north to south, chiefly in mountainous districts, and most plentiful in the west and north.
Yar. /3 is found wholly submerged, or with the leaves floating on the water, in the Upper Lough of Bray, Co. Wicklow.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Conn from the size of a cherry-stone to that of a hazel-nut, dark brown exteriorly, white when cut through. Root-fibres developed from the furrow which traverses the bottom of the corm, simple or once or twice forked towards the apex, brown. Leaves 2 inches to 1 foot long, deep green, rather rigid, tapering, usually recurved and diverging or erect ; their bases dilated, with membranous pale yellow edges, withering and ultimately rotting off from the corm without
6 ENGLISH BOTAXY.
becoming hard ; bases of the lowest leaves containing macrosporangia, and the upper ones microsporangia. Sporangia ovoid, about the size of wheat or barley grains, immersed in the substance of the leaf to which they are attached by the back, and more or less covered by a membranous outgrowth from the margin of the fovea or depression in the leaf termed the velum. Immediately above the fovea which contains the sporangium, there is a transverse pit in the leaf termed the foveola. The margin of this foveola nearest the sporangium is elevated, and forms the labium, and from the bottom of the pit there rises a membranous scale (lingule), attached by a broad base and acuminated upwards. Macrospores -g^ inch in diameter, furnished with prominent tubercles whose height does not exceed the breadth of their base. The prothallium is formed at the apex of the macro- spore, and eventually ruptures it, the macrospore opening by 3 sutures corresponding with the converging lines at the apex.
Var. /3 is a very remarkable form, and may be a distinct subspecies, as which Dr. D. Moore has described it ; and in this view of it he is supported by the authority of Prof. Oaruel of Pisa, Prof. Duval-Jeune and Martius of Montpellier, and Dr. Ascherson of Berlin, who all consider it distinct from any described species.
It is with great reluctance that I express an opinion different from that of such great authorities, especially as I have not had an oppor- tunity of seeing the plant in a recent state ; but the most careful comparison of the specimens of I. Morei (which the late Dr. Moore has kindly sent me) with those of genuine I. eu-lacustris leads me to the conclusion that it is impossible to separate it even as a subspecies. From the time of Dillenius it has been known that there are two forms of Isoetes eu-lacustris, found growing in the same places, viz. a solitary form in which the leaves are thicker, shorter spreading, and more or less recurved, and another form, var. /3, Smith (Calamaria folio longiore et graciliore, Dill.), a gregarious form, in which the leaves are flaccid, longer, more slender, and more brittle. Modern British authors regard these as states, and not varieties of the plant. Smith advanced the untenable hypothesis that the tall and slender variety might perhaps " be caused by those sudden risings of the waters so frequent in mountainous countries." But as the stout recurved-leaved plants grow in the same lake as the others, this is evidently a fallacious idea. Mr. E. Newman no doubt has pointed out the true cause of the variation of the plant, viz. that many of the spores " remain in the capsule and there germinate, throwing up dense tufts of slender leaves of a delicate green colour. I am indebted to Miss Beever for specimens which beautifully exhibit this germination of the seeds in situ, the parent plant and its offspring having been dried while in the most favourable state for displaying this peculiarity, to which Miss Beever particularly called my attention. These young plants rapidly increase in size, send their roots downwards into the earth, and their leaves upwards into the water ; and from the
ISOETACE^. <
crowding incident on this condition of the seedling plants the elongate and slender leaves would naturally result." (Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p 302.) *
Every one who has gathered I. eu-lacustris must be familiar with this form, and to my eves I. Morei seems to be merely a greatly developed state of this crowded form of I. eu-lacustris. No doubt, as Dr. Moore says, in habit it resembles I. setacea Delille, and I. velata A. Braun, but in the structure of the conn, of the leaves, and of the velum it differs from these plants, and agrees perfectly with I. eu- lacustris ; for both I. setacea and I. velata have the leaves furnished with 6 peripherical bast-fibres.
Dr. Moore says it differs from I. eu-lacustris "in the veil which covers the macrosporangia being one-half longer, leaving only one- third of the spores naked ;" but according to my experience the velum in I. eu-lacustris does usually leave only one-third of the spores naked. The macrospores seem quite similar in vars. a and /3.
Attention was called to this remarkable form by Mr. A. Gr. More in 1871, but it was not until November 1876 that Dr. Moore obtained living specimens. These and some of the ordinary state he found retained their respective character in cultivation.
Lake QuiUwort.
Subspecies II. — IsoeteS echinospora. Durieu.
Plate 1827.
Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Ex. No. 76. Bab. Journ. Bot. 1863, p. 1. Milde, Filices Europ. p. 279.
Plant aquatic, submerged. Root-fibres glabrous. Conn 2-lobed without longitudinal furrows, not clothed with the persistent and hardened bases of former leaves. Leaves pellucid, pale green, sub- cylindrical-terete or -subulate, with broad sheathing bases having membranous margins and smooth backs, ascending, straight, without marginal bast-fibres, and wuthout stomata (in the European plant). Phyllodes absent. Teium incomplete. Sporangia subglobose oval- ovoid. Macrosporangia with a white crustaceous integument, muri- cate with very prominent acute spine-like tubercles, which are higher than broad.
In lakes in mountainous districts " where there is peat at the bottom of the water." In a pool near Llyn-y-cwm near Llanberis (Mr. W. Wilson) ; and in the river that runs out of the lakes of
* Since the above was written I have seen Mr. Baker's monograph of the genus in the ' Journal of Botany,' 1880, pp. 65 et seq. He considers I. Morei a form of I. lacustris.
8 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Llanberis, Carnarvon (Professor Babington). In a pool near the top of Ben-Toirlich, Dumbarton (Professor Babington, 1845). Locli of Drum, Aberdeenshire (where I gathered it in 1850). Loch Callater, Braemar (Mr. J. Sadler in 1878). Lake near the Gap of Dimloe, Killarney, and in the upper lake of Killarney, near Glenagh (Dr. Moore). Lough Gowla-na-gower and Lough na-Grooaun, Inish Boffan, Galway (Mr. A. G. More).
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Very similar to I. eu-laeustris, but according to Professor Babington the plants may be distinguished when growing by the " spreading leaves and pale green colour," in contrast " with the dark tint and usually erect leaves of I. eu-lacustris." The only place where I have collected this plant is in the Loch of Drum in 1850 and 1851. There the fronds are 2 to 6 inches long, spreading, flaccid, fragile, pellucid, pale green, with a large portion of the base paler : but the Xorth American form, var. Braunii, is described bv Dr. Eno-el- mann as having the " leaves dark, and often olive-green, straight or commonly recurved," while another American variety Boothii has bright green stiffly-erect leaves. Both these American forms have stomata on the leaves, which, so far as I know, have not been observed in any European specimens, except some from ' Iceland ' (Mikle). The threads in the interior of the sporangia are more thickened, but the only conspicuous difference between the subspecies is that the tubercles on the macrospores of I. echinospora are very much longer and more acute than in I. -eu-lacustris.
Probably the plant will be found in other stations, having been passed over as I. eu-lacustris.
PricJdy-spored Lake Quittwort.
SPECIES IL-ISOETES HYSTRIX. Durieu.
Plate 1828.
Rabenh. Crypt, Yasc. Europ. Nos. 101, 102, and 103. I. Duriasi, Hook. Brit. Ferns, tab. 26 (non Bory).-
Plant terrestrial. Roots pubescent. Corm 3-lobed, with 3 radiat- ing furrows beneath, its lower part clothed with the persistent and indurated bases of former leaves. Leaves trigonous, filiform, with broad sheathing bases having membranous edges and a tuberculated band on the back, recurved and spreading in a circle, opaque, with numerous stomata. Plrsllopodia or indurated bases of the leaves crustaceous, pitchy black, 3-toothed at the apex with the central tooth often minute. Phyl lodes usually present. Telum complete, wholly
ISOETACE-E. 9
covering the sporangia. Microspores with a crustaceous white integument, tuberculate, with the blunt tubercles coalescing into ridges. Microspores tuberculate.
On damp spots in sandy pastures near the sea, L'Ancresse, common in the north of Guernsey. Discovered by Mr. George Wolsey, in June, I860.
Channel Islands. Perennial. Summer.
Conn in the Guernsey specimens I have seen about the size of a pea, enclosed in a kind of husk formed by the greatly hardened persistent bases of the former leaves, until it attains a bulk about that of a hazel-nut. The leaf scales or phyllopodia are i inch long, concave, pitchy black, the uppermost ones terminated by 3 teeth not above TVth inch long, and often shorter. The lower scales are in a decaying state, and have the teeth broken off; and sometimes the whole of the scales begin to decay as soon as they are matured by the deposition in them of dark coloured tissue. Leaves 1|- to 2^ inches long, deep dull green, something like those of Scilla autumnalis, strongly recurved, flattish above, and acutely convex beneath, so as to have a trigonous section, pellucid towards the base, which is greatly dilated over the sporangia, which are about the size of grains of pearl barley, and concealed by the velum. On the back of the pale enlarged leaf-base there is a band covered with small tubercles extending as far as the sporangium does. Macrospores much smaller than those of I. lacustris, and with much less prominent tubercles than even in I. eu-lacustris, and forming beaded lines, from their bases coalescing.
The above description is not that of the typical I. Hystrix. ([. Hystrix forma loricata, Rabenh. 1. c. No. 101), which has per- sistent scales terminated by lateral spines ^ or even ^ inch long, with a short intermediate tooth, and a bulb from the size of a hazel-nut to that of a walnut.
The Jersey plant agrees well with I. Hystrix forma desquamata subinermis of A. Braun, Rabenh. 1. c. Nos. 102 and 103 b.
Spiny Quillwort.
ORDER XCL— SELAGINELLACEU.
Moss-like herbs or small shrubs with dichotomous or branched stems and minute entire or serrulate or denticulate leaves, either equal and regularly disposed round the stem, or bifarious and unequal, two being- larger than the others and diverging right and left from the stem, while the smaller leaves are adpressed to it. Sporangia of two kinds, macro- sporangia and. microsporangia, which are produced in the axils of
VOL. XII. c
10 ENGLISH BOTANY.
modified leaves or bracts arranged in terminal spikes. Macrosporangia often solitary in the axils of the lowest bracts of the spike, but some- times intermingled with the microsporangia, 3- or 4-lobed, and 3- or 4-valved, containing 3 or 4 (rarely 1 to 6), comparatively large roundish angulated macrospores. Microsporangia numerous, ovoid or subglobular, containing very numerous microspores. Prothallium developed on the apex of the macrospores, and fertilised by the antherozoids escaping from the cells of the microspores as in Isoetaceas.
GENUS Z-SELAGINELLA. Spring.
The only genus ; characters the same as those of the Order.
Name a diminutive of Selago, i.e. of Lycopodium Selago.
SPECIES L—SELAGI NELL A SE L AG I NOI DE S. Gray.
Plate 1829.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 63. Hook. Stud. Flor. p. 471.
S. spinulosa, A. Braun in Boll. Rhein Flor. p. 38. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 458.
Milde, Filic. Europ. p. 260. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 971. Fries,
Snmm. Veg. Scand. p. 83. Gren. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 656. Wilkomm &
Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp. Vol. I. p. 14. Lycopodium selaginoides, Linn. Spec. Plant, ed. iii. Vol. II. p. 1565. Smith, Eng. Bot.
ed. i. No. 1148, and Eng. Flor. Vol. IV. p. 332. Newman, Brit. Ferns, ed. ii.
p. 371.
Stem slender, shortly creeping, sparingly branched, with the branches decumbent, ascending at the apex. Leaves all similar, pointing in all directions, spreading or ascending, strap-shaped lanceolate, very acute, remotely spinous - ciliate on the margins. Spikes erect, cylindrical or clavate, solitary at the extremities of erect branches thicker than the barren ones. Bracts spreading all round, triangular-lanceolate, much larger than the leaves on the barren shoots, and drawn out into a more acute point so as to be cuspidate, strongly spinous-ciliate, passing without any break into the leaves of the fertile branch. Macrosporangia 3- or 4-lobed, and 3- or 4-valved. Macrospores with a few scattered papillae.
In boggy ground, especially by the sides of small streams and ditches and on wet rocks ; frequent in mountainous districts, also, in the north, on sandy ground near the sea. From Carnarvon, Flint,
SELAGINELLACEjE. 11
Chester, Derby and York, north to Orkney and Shetland. Rare in the south, but frequent in the west, middle and north of Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Stem 1 to 2 inches long, rarely more. Leaves bright green, shining -^q to y¥ inch long, with a faint midrib, and commonly with 1 or 2 projecting spine-like serratures or teeth, which however are more conspicuous in the leaves towards the apex of the branches than on those towards the base, where as well as on the stem leaves they are sometimes absent. Spike-bearing branches 1 to 4 inches high, erect from a decumbent base. The spike is from ^ to 1^ inch long. Bracts TTo to ^ inch long, broad at the base, and much more strongly spinous-ciliate and more acuminated than the leaves, at first adpressed, afterwards spreading. Macrosporangia about ^ inch in diameter, 3-sided. Microsporangia placed in the axils of the upper branches, and smaller than the macrosporangia.
Lesser Alpine Clubmoss,
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
SELAGINELLA HELVETICA. Linh
A specimen of this is included in Sherard's ' Herbarium,' but without any record of locality ; with it, according to the Rev. W. W. Spicer, there is a label in the form of a paragraph from Ray's 'Synopsis,' ed. iii. From this it would seem Lobel (1570) supposed it to have been gathered on the Mendip Hills, Somerset ; and Merrett (16G7) by the Thames side at the Neathouses and Kingsbridge, Middlesex. The last certainly an error ; the former probably so. See Phyt. 1851, p. 384.
ORDER XCII— LYCOPODIAOEiE.
Herbs or small shrubs, often with creeping woody branched or forked stems, having adventitious roots, or rarely with subterranean branches apparently performing the office of roots, in one genus with tuberous roots. Leaves small, often resembling those of Juniper, in one genus all radical and subulate. Sporangia all similar, placed in the axils of modified leaves or bracts, arranged in terminal spikes, which often- resemble small cones, more rarely scattered over the
c 2
12 ENGLISH BOTANY.
upper part of the stem in the axils of the leaves, roundish or 3- or 4-lobed, 1- to 3-celled, 1- to 3-valved. Spores uniform, all extremely minute. In the only case in which germinating spores have been observed (those of Lycopodium annotinmn), they had produced an irregularly lobed subterranean prothallium, destitute of chlorophyll, sparingly furnished with small root-hairs ; the upper surface has numerous grooves and protuberances, in which antheridia and archegonia were found con- taining antherozoids. The archegonimn was not observed, but the position it would occupy is indicated by the germinating plants. See Sachs' ' Text Book of Botany,' translated by Bennett and Dyer, p. 400. This agrees quite with the reproduction of Ophioglossiacese, with which Berkeley has pointed out their connection previous to the discovery of the prothallium mentioned above. See 'Introduction to Crypt. Botany,' p. 549.
GENUS L— L YCOPODIUM. Linn.
Sporangia roundish-reniform, 1-celled, 2-valved ; spores marked with 3 stride.
Herbs or small shrubs, often with creeping stems or rootstocks, and small leaves like those of Juniper or Savin. Sporangia usually in terminal spikes.
Name from avkos (lucos), wolf, and 7rovs (pous), foot, to which the extremity of the stem has heen compared.
SPECIES L— LYCOPODIUM SELAGO. Linn.
Plate 1830. Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 95.
Stem short, not creeping, decumbent at the base, repeatedly dicho- tomous ; branches erect or ascending, approximate. Leaves all similar, inserted all round the stem, crowded, 8-farious, adpressed or spreading, lanceolate strap-shaped, acuminated and acute, pungent or sub-pungent, entire, rarely spi nous-serrate. Sporangia in the axils of ordinary leaves, not collected into terminal spikes, but distributed over the greater part of the branches.
Tar. a. vulgatum,
Plate 1830.
Leaves imbricated, adpressed, at least on the ultimate divisions of the branches.
LYCOPODIACE.F. 13
Tar. /3. recurvum.
Leaves spreading or reflexed, usually longer and more decidedly strap-shaped than in var. a.
On heaths, rocks, and barren places, chiefly on mountainous dis- tricts, although it is found over the whole of Britain from Cornwall, Devon, and Sussex north to Orkney and Shetland ; but it is a scarce plant in the low-lying counties of England. Frequent and widely distributed throughout Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Stem short, or at least the rooting part of it, leafy to the base, often reddish, forking 2 to 5 times into branches from 2 to 7 inches long, very rarely a foot long ; these branches rise from the procumbent part of the stem with a rather sudden curve, and when growino- on rocks or beside hollows they frequently dip downwards before they ascend. Leaves ^ to -^ inch long, those on the lower part of the stem generally spreading or reflexed, and those in the upper part of the branches adpressed, but every intermediate form occurs between the extremes of the leaves being all adpressed, or all spreading; thev are convex, beneath bright green or olive, and have no evident midrib. Generally the branches are quite continuous, but sometimes they are slightly annotinous, with slight indications of the annual growth. There is no marked division between the spikes and the branches, the leaves in the axils of which there are sporangia, being quite similar to the others. The sporangia are sometimes confined to the apex of the branches, but more usually are spread over the greater part of their erect portion. On the upper part of the stem small buds or bulbils, developed from the upper leaves, are to be found. These bulbils are formed in an irregular 6-cleft calyx-like body, developed out of the upper leaves ; the bulbils consist of 5 lobes, of which 2 remain small, while the others develope into oval leaf-like bodies, ultimately at least as long as and much broader than the leaves of the plant. The bulbils appear to germinate whether they remain on the plant or fall to the ground. A detailed account of them will be found in Xewman's 'British Ferns,' ed. ii. p. 378-380, and ' Phytologist ' for 1844, pp. 84-86.
I have never seen British specimens of L. Selago with the leaves spinous-serrate. Milde includes under L. Selago, L. suberectum, Lowe, in which they are very conspicuously spinous-serrate ; but this plant, from Madeira and the Azores, seems too different from L. Selago not to be separated from it at least as a subspecies, to which it has as good a claim as the North American L. lucidulum, Michaux.
Fir Clubmoss.
14 ENGLISH BOTANY.
SPECIES II.— L YCOPODIUM INUNDATUM. Linn.
Plate 1831. Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 65.
Stem short, creeping, prostrate, applied to, and on the under side actually imbedded in the ground, simple or very sparingly branched ; branches at first ascending, afterwards prostrate. Leaves inserted all round the stem, approximate, all turned upwards and slightly falcated so as to be secund, or a few of them on the under side of the stem adpressed to it, strap-shaped linear, tapering gradually to a very acute point, not pungent nor bristle-pointed, entire. Fertile branches 1 on each stem, rarely 2 at intervals, very rarely 2 close together, erect, densely leafy. Leaves on fertile branches similar to those of the stem, but ascending or adpressed, not secund. Spike occupying from half to one-third of the upper part of the fertile branch, oblong- fusiform or clavate-cylindrical, with its bracts resembling the leaves but larger, and broader towards the base, which has usually 1 tooth or sometimes 2 teeth on each side.
On damp heaths, growing generally on peat or sand. Rather frequent and generally distributed in England, with the exception of Wales. Rare and local in Scotland, where it occurs on Tent's Muir, Fife ; Inverarnon, Dumbarton ; and in the counties of Perth, Forfar, Elgin, Inverness, Ross, and perhaps Kincardine. In Ireland it appears to be very scarce, but has been found in counties Cork, Kerry, and in the Connemara district of Gralway.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Stem 1 to 4 inches long, attached to the soil at intervals by wiry roots. Fertile branches 1 to 4 inches high. Leaves ^ to ^ inch long, rather dull green, especially the older ones, not shining, with a slender midrib and a narrow hyaline margin. Spike always thicker than the fertile branch that supports it, f to 2 inches long. Bracts -§- to ^j inch long, at first adpressed, afterwards spreading, and ultimately yellowish-olive. Sporangia transversely oval, opening near the base.
This is the only British Lycopodium in which the barren stems are annual, the basal portion dying off each year.
The American plant, called L. inundatum, is larger and stouter, with much longer and more subulate leaves, often with a few denticu- lations. The spike is much more conspicuous than in the European plant, and begins abruptly, and the leaves on its stalk have a tendency to be verticillate, and are more distant. Probably it ought to be
LYCOPODIACEJi. 1 5
considered as a distinct subspecies, and bear the name Bigelovii, which is given to the larger form of it. L. alopecuroides, Linn., another North American form, seems no more than a subspecies, with the leaves conspicuously ciliate, especially towards the base : the whole plant is much larger than L. inundatum.
Marsh Club -moss.
SPECIES IIL-LYCO PODIUM ANNOTINUM. Linn.
Plate 1832.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 67.
L. juuiperifolium, DC. Fl. Fr. Vol. IV. p. 572.
Stem very long, creeping, prostrate, much branched ; branches ascending or erect, unbranched or irregularly once or twice dicboto- mous. Leaves inserted all round the stem, rather distant, most of them turned upwards and slightly falcate so as to be subsecund ; those the under side of the stem mostly adpressed to it, lanceolate strap- shaped, acute, not piliferous, entire or faintly denticulate ; leaves on the branches 5-farious, crowded, ascending or spreading or slightly reflexed, decurrent, linear strap-shaped or narrowly elliptical-strap- shaped, acuminated and acute, pungent, remotely serrated, with callous points ; those at the termination of each year's growth smaller and adpressed, which gives the branches the appearance of being con- stricted at intervals. Spikes oblong-cylindrical, subobtuse, terminating some of the branches. Bracts yellow, deltoid-ovate or roundish, abruptly acuminated so as to be cuspidate with the cusp frequently drawn out into a long point, cordate at the base, finely denticulate on the margins.
On heaths in mountainous districts. Rather local. On Grlyder Fawr above Flyn-y-cwm, Carnarvonshire ; C barn wood Forest, Leices- tershire ; Lake district. In the Scotch highlands it is more common, occurring on the Breadalbane, Clova, Braemar, and Inverness moun- tains. It is reported from Groatfell in Arran, and I have collected it in the south of Mull at an elevation which from recollection I should estimate at about 50 yards. In Orkney it occurs in Berridale, Hoy, and I believe in Ronsay.
England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Stem 1 or more yards long, tough, wiry, flexuous, rooting at distant intervals, sending up simple or once or twice forked branches 3 to 9 inches high. Leaves coriaceous, almost rigid, green inclining
16 ENGLISH BOTANY.
more or less to olive, slightly shining, with a midrib ending in a sharp, almost spinous, point. Stem leaves ^- to ^ inch long ; branch leaves ^ to \ inch long, more serrated, and much closer together than those of the stem. Spikes ^ to 1^ inch long, ^ to ^ inch in diameter, often with a few of the leaves on the apex of the branch on which it is placed adpressed and smaller than the lower ones, which gives the spike the appearance of being shortly stalked. Bracts of the spike variable in shape, from narrowly ovate to roundish reniform, subcordate at the base, sometimes gradually acuminated into a trian- gular point, at other times with a linear subsetaceous cusp.
The North American plant appears to be identical with the European.
Interrupted Club-moss,
SPECIES 1V.-LYCO PODIUM CLAVATUM. Linn.
Plate 1833. Raberih. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 66.
Stem very long, creeping, much branched ; branches at first ascending, afterwards prostrate, unbranched or irregularly dichotomous or pinnate. Leaves inserted all round the stem, approximate, most of them turned upwards and slightly falcate, so as to be subsecund ; those on the under side of the stem adpressed to it, linear strap- shaped, acute, piliferous, finely and rather remotely spinous-dentate ; leaves on the branches crowded, more closely placed than on the main stem, adpressed or ascending, incurved, similar to those on the stem, but less denticulate and the upper ones often quite entire. Peduncles from the termination of short branches, elongate, furnished with irregular whorls of small subulate leaves with membranous den- ticulate margins and terminal hairs, which are usually somewhat shorter than those of the stem-leaves. Spikes in pairs, more rarely solitary or three together, shortly pedicellate, linear-cylindrical or oblong-cylindrical, subobtuse. Bracts yellow, deltoid-ovate, gradually acuminated into a long cusp, which, at least in the lower bracts, often terminates in a hair, rounded at the base, finely denticulate on the margins.
On heaths and stony places. Rather frequent and generally dis- tributed, though more common in mountainous districts.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
Stem attaining the length of 1 or 2 yards, or even more ; -tough, wiry, rooting at distant intervals, much branched, but the branches
LYCOPODIACE.E. 17
seldom remain erect or ascending- after they are 1 or 2 inches high. Leaves ^ to ^ inch long, exclusive of the white hair-like point, rather thin, bright green, with an evident midrib. Peduncles 1 to 4 inches long, rather slender; spikes 1^ to 2^ inches long. Bracts at first adpressed and greenish, ultimately spreading or reflexed at the point, and straw-yellow. Sporangia reniform.
When L. clavatum is in fruit it cannot be mistaken for any other British species, this being the only one which has the spikes supported on a long slender peduncle. But sometimes when the hair-like point of the leaves is short, the barren stem bears some resemblance to that of L. annotinum ; the leaves, however, of L. cla- vatum are thinner in texture, brighter green, less decurrent, and without the rigid almost prickly point which is found in L. anno- tinum ; they are also less spreading, and almost always some of them at least have a white wool-like point, which indeed is some- times as long as the leaf, and in the young plant generally forms a little tuft at the end of the growing branches. The North American L. clavatum is quite similar to the European.
Common Club-moss.
SPECIES V.-LYCOPODIUM ALPINUM. Linn.
Plate 1834. Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 96.
Stem rather long, creeping, prostrate, much branched. Branches ascending or erect, regularly two or three times dichotomous, so as to appear fasciculate ; the ultimate branches of each fascicle of nearly equal length, approximate. Leaves inserted in four rows : those on the main stem remote and scale-like, strap-shaped, obtuse or sub- acute, entire ; those on the branches approximate ; the lateral ones opposite, placed edgeways to the stem, triangular subulate, falcate, broadest at the base, very acute, entire ; those of the upper row imbricated, smaller than the lateral ones, narrowly elliptical-subulate, affixed by a narrow base, acute, entire ; those of the lower row not imbricated, similar to those of the upper row, but smaller. Fertile branchlets repeatedly dichotomous, approximate, equal in length, usually conspicuously longer than the accompanying barren branch- lets, with the leaves regularly imbricated in four rows round the stem, all similar, adpressed, lanceolate-subulate. Spikes solitary and sessile at the extremities of the ultimate divisions of the fertile branchlets, cylindrical; bracts ovate acuminated into a triangular cusp, subcordate, erose or denticulate.
On bare arid stony places, common on mountains, but rare in low
VOL. XII. D
18 EXGLTSH BOTANY.
districts. With the exception of a station at Dunkerry beacon, south Somerset, it does not occur in the south of England, but from Car- digan, Brecon, Montgomery, Denbigh, Chester, Derby, and York, it is found northwards, as far as Orkney and Shetland. It occurs from north to south of Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
Stem very tough, wiry, often partially buried, 9 inches to 2 feet long, round, whitish, with minute scale-like leaves. Branches § to 5 inches high, produced at intervals ; but each branch is so repeatedly divided that it looks like a little shrub. The barren branches, from the mode in which the leaves are inserted, appear flattened, convex above and concave beneath, with a ridge formed by the line of lower leaves. The leaves have some resemblance to those of the Savin, and are coriaceous, -^o 1° i incn long, rather pale dull green above, still paler and glaucous beneath. Ultimate branchlets ^ to 2 inches long. Fertile branchlets 1 to 3 inches high, repeatedly dichotomous like the sterile ones, so that the spikes are produced in level-topped fascicles, containing commonly some multiple of four, such as 8 or 16 spikes. Spikes £ to § inch long, a little thicker than the branches which support them. Scales at first olive and adpressed, afterwards yel- lowish-brown and spreading. Sporangia reniform, opening to the base.
Savin-leaved Club-moss.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
LYCOPODIUM COMPLANATUM. Linn.
Beported from near Bramshot, Hants, and from Worcestershire, but requires confirmation. Under L. complanatum are included two plants — L. anceps, Wallroth, to which many authors confine the name of complanatum ; the other L. Chaimecyparissus, A. Braun. Both these grow in Belgium and Scandinavia, and L. Chamaacyparissus in France. It is by no means unlikely to occur in Britain, especially as L. alpinum is not recorded from either of the supposed stations for L. complanatum. The barren branches of the two are so similar, that they can scarcely be distinguished ; but in L. complanatum the spikes, 2 to 6 in number, are borne on a long peduncle, as in L. clavatum. Dr. Milde thinks it not improbable that L. alpinum may be merely a form of L. complanatum.
( 19 )
ORDER XCIIL— OPHIOGLOSSACEH.
Perennial herbs, frequently with a tuberous root producing 1 or more fronds with straight (not circinate) vernation. Frond com- monly with 2 branches, the lower sterile, the upper fertile ; very rarely the fertile frond is separate from the barren one, though some species produce accessory sterile fronds, or sterile fronds only on young and weak plants. Sporangia in simple or compound spikes, naked, coriaceous, without any thickened ring, 2-valved, opening by a transverse slit, rarely by a vertical slit. Spores all similar, very minute. Prothallium subterranean, destitute of chlorophyll, tuberiform.
The sporangia in Ophioglossaceae are produced by a metamor- phosis of the leaf itself, not from a single epidermal cell, as in Filices, from which these plants differ also in their straight vernation and subterranean prothallium destitute of chlorophyll.
GENUS L—O PHIOGLOSSUM. Linn.
Herbs with a short fleshy tuberiform caudex, praemorse below. New frond produced exterior to the base of the stalk of that of the preceding year. Barren branch of the frond entire, more rarely forked or palmate ; fertile branch stalked, undivided. Sporangia connate, disposed in a stalked 2-ranked simple linear flattened spike.
Xame from oc£is (opits), serpent, and yAwcrcra (jjlossa), tongue.
SPECIES I.-OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM. Linn.
Plate 1835. Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 7.
Caudex oblong-cylindrical, very slightly swollen. Fronds usually solitary. Barren segment or frond ovate or oval or elliptical, rarely oblanceolate-elliptical,not greatly attenuated at the base, entire, rather thick, fleshy ; veins conspicuous in the dried plant when held against the light, anastomosing and forming rather elongate areolae at the base and centre of the frond, and short roundish-polygonal ones at the margin ; primary areola? containing secondary ones ; cells of the epidermis flexuose-sided. Spike stalked, strapshaped-linear, com- pressed, apiculate ; stalk cylindrical. Spores tubercled.
D 2
20 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Var. a. genuina.
Plate 1835.
Frond solitary, very rarely with a second frond or a barren frond from the same caudex. Barren segment or barren frond generally widest below the middle, more or less rounded at the base, or at least not greatly attenuated, even in fronds which have no fertile spike. Plant 4 to 15 inches high ; spike § to If inches long.
Var. ft. poly pi iy Hum. A. Br.
A Braun in Seubert's Flora Azoriea, p. 17. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 189.
O. vulgatum, var. microstichum, " Acliarius" T. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed.
Vol. II. p. 336. O. vulgatum, var. ambiguum, Coss. & Germ. Fl. cles Env. de Paris, ed. ii. p. 874. Bab.
Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. 455. 0. vulgatum, polyphyllum, a. intermedium, Vigineix, and b. cuspidatum, Milde, Fil.
Europ. pp. 188-189. 0. Azoricum, Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. p. 309, teste Milde.
Fronds often with a second frond, or 1 or even 2 barren fronds from the same caudex. Barren segment or barren frond generally widest at or even above the middle, attenuated at the base, at least in those fronds which have no fertile spike. Plant 1 to 7 inches high ; spike i to 3 inch long.
In meadows and pastures, rather common, and generally dis- tributed throughout England, rather rare in Scotland extending north to Aberdeen, Elgin, Perth, and Argyle ; possibly the Burn of Sandybank, Scalloway, Shetland, may be a locality for var. a, but more probably it produces var. /3. Frequently throughout Ireland.
Var. /3 in elevated sandy ground, Scilly Islands, St. Agnes (Mr. F. Townsend), St. Martin's (Mr. I. Half's). Between Barmouth and Harlech, Merioneth (Mr. C. Bailey). In Orkney it is found at Barnorie (Swanbister), and Voeness Point, Smoogrow, both in Orphir, seen by myself; Black Craig, Stromness (Miss P. Duchar) ; Calf of Flotta (Mr. W. Irvine Fortescue), Calf of Cava (Dr. H. Halcro Johnston), Fara (Mr. J. Johnston), Huncla and Eysay Little (Miss Fortescue), all in Scalpa Flow.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer. (Var. fi in
Orkney. Autumn.)
Caudex fusiform, yellowish, marked with transverse pits producing fleshy fibres about the thickness of a darning-needle, which are brittle, some of them forming buds on their upper surface close to
OPHIOGLOSSACE.E. 21
the extremity from whence new fronds are developed. From the top of the caudex arises the frond, with its base enveloped in an olive- brown stipule-like sheath, the remains of the covering which en- velopes the bud. At the time of fructification an elongated conical bud is found, which is the rudiment of the frond of the succeeding year. At the same time there may be seen the withered remains of the scale which enclosed the frond of the preceding year, and the scars whence still earlier fronds have rotted, and it is these scars which give a pitted appearance to the caudex. Fertile frond 4 to 15 inches high, the barren branch usually placed about the middle, but very variable in this respect; barren branch resembling a sessile decurrent leaf embracing the base of the stalk of the spike, 1 J to 4 inches long, varying from broadly ovate or oval to rather narrowly elliptical, acute or rather obtuse, entire at first, convolute when it appears above the ground in April, afterwards with the sides folded together, ultimately opening out until it is nearly flat. Fertile branch of the frond consisting of a stalked spike. The length of the stalk of the spike seems to have no relation to the luxuriance of the plant. In my herbarium are specimens with the stalk of the spike from a little over 1 inch to nearly 8 inches* Spike f to 2 inches long, linear, flattened on both faces, but with a wider space between the series of sporangia on the side away from the barren branch ; on each side of the groove, i.e. at the edges of the spike the sporangia are imbedded, they are contiguous and adherent to each other and at length open by a wide transverse slit ; the apex of the spike is apiculate, and bare of sporangia. The spores are very minute and of the same sulphur colour as those of the genus Lycopodium ; they are subglobular, and marked with distinct blunt tubercles. Occasionally there are two spikes produced and more have been observed, though not by myself.
In young or weakly plants the frond consists solely of a barren branch, quite similar to that of the barren branch of the complete frond ; like it, it is thick, fleshy, bright green ; it is so thick that when held up against the light when living the venation is scarcely per- ceptible, but when the plant is dried it may be very clearly seen ; there is no midrib, but the veins anastomose, forming meshes which are long and narrow towards the base and along the centre of the frond, but become smaller and shorter in proportion as they approach the margin ; the primary meshes are again divided into smaller meshes by finer anastomosing veins : some of these secondary veins are often free.
Of var. /3 there are two forms ; that found by Mr. Townsend in the Scilly Isles and the Orkney plants from the Calf of Flotta and the Calf of Cava belong to the form termed intermedium by Vigineix and, according to Milcle, the 0. vulgatum var. ambiguum of Cosson and Germain. My specimens are from 1 to 2^ inches high; the barren branch of the frond is broadly oval and situated usually above the
22 ENGLISH BOTANY.
middle of the step so that the spike has a stalk sometimes as short as ^ inch, or even less. The Orphir plant appears to be the form termed cuspidatum by Milde ; some of my specimens of it are quite similar to the specimens of 0. polyphyllum, which I have from Madeira and the Azores; it is generally 2 to 4 inches high, but in the year 1855 I found specimens 7 inches high, though in no other year have I found them above 5 inches and generally less. The barren branch is usually placed below the middle of the stem and mostly very conspicuously so, so that the stalk of the fertile branch is 3 or 4 times longer than the portion between the caudex and the barren segment. Two fronds from one caudex are common, and frequently these accessory fronds are without a spike. In both forms the spike is from i to f inch long. Except in this particular and in size it does not differ from the ordinary form of 0. vulgatum. In Orkney it grows only on fine short grass, often within the earthen enclosures where sheep are driven, termed " buchts." Culti- vated in pots in a cool greenhouse it maintains its small size, and fruits freely, but it appears to be much less hardy than the common Ophiogiossum, and I cannot get it to thrive in the open ground ; it seldom survives more than the one season after it is planted out, and I have never got it to produce a fertile spike in the garden, though the common form of 0. vulgatum grows wild about Balmuto. The plant is quite easy to cultivate and certainly does not require to grow amongst herbage ; it increases rapidly by means of the root- fibres which run along almost horizontally beneath the surface of the ground. Some of these become swollen at the extremity, and beneath this swelling a root is formed — apparently a continuation of the fibre on which the swelling exists ; the swelling developes into a bud which in the succeeding year produces a barren frond ; the year after, this is suc- ceeded by another barren frond, and it is not till the third or fourth year that a frond with both barren and fertile branches is developed. As the runner-like roots persist for more than one year, we frequently find two or more plants in different stages of development connected by them with the parent. A detailed account of the growth of Ophioglossum vulgatum, by Mons. Duval Jouve, will be found in C. Billot, ' Annotations a la Flore de France et d'AUemagne,' pp. 247-250.
Common Adder s-tongue.
SPECIES II.-OPHIOGLOSSUM LUS IT ANICUM. Linn.
Plate 1836. Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 28 and 111.
Caudex oblong-fusiform, slightly swollen. Primary frond often accompanied by 1 or more barren ones. Barren segment or frond greatly attenuated at the base, strapshaped-elliptical or strapshaped-
0PHI0GL0S3ACE.E. 23
oblanceolate, entire, very thick and fleshy ; veins scarcely observable (even in the dried plant) when held against the light, anastomosing and forming a few elongate areola? ; primary areola? usually without secondary ones ; cells of the epidermis straight-sided. Spike stalked, oblong or linear-oblong, compressed, rostrate ; stalk slightly thickened upwards. Spores without tubercles.
In pastures, very local, discovered by Mr. George Wolsey in the island of Guernsey ; u it occurs amid short and very level herbage sloping towards the south, on the summit of rocks on the south coast of the island and not far from Petit Bot Bay. On this elevated down are a few scattered and stunted furze bushes, and around these the grass is as usual somewhat longer, and here the little Adder's-tongue is not quite so minute as on the level turf where it scarcely attains an inch in height. It grows in company with Trichonema Columnar and Scilla autumnalis, and on the 17th of January was in full fruit." (' Phytologist,' 1854, p. 80.)
In the fifth edition of the 'History of British Ferns,' p. 195, the late Mr. E. Newman states that it is found also near the Land's End in Cornwall, but I have been unable to get any information about the Cornish locality. Mr. H. Chichester Hart reports it from " the north side of Horn Head, Donegal," where he found a " fewT plants in August, 1878." (< Journ. of Bot,' 1879, p. 149.) From the date of fruiting and the unlikeliness of 0. Lusitanicum occurring so far north, I fear it is likely to prove 0. vulgatum, var. /3. polyphyllum.
England ? Ireland ? Channel Islands ! Perennial. Winter.
The Guernsey plant is 1 to 2 inches high. The sterile branch of the frond is generally placed about the middle of the stem, and is ^ to 1 inch long, very much attenuated at the base, acute ; the stalk of the spike varies from \ to 1 inch. The spike itself is from -^ to t3q inch long.
Besides the small size and the winter fructification, 0. Lusitanicum offers several points of contrast with 0. vulgatum, although it does present some resemblance to the smaller states of the var. polyphyllum of the latter, with which it agrees in having often more fronds than one produced simultaneously from one cauclex. In 0. Lusitanicum the caudex is considerably more swollen and tuber-like than in 0. vulgatum. The barren fronds and barren segments of the complete frond are always narrower and much more attenuated at the base, much thicker in texture, so that it is difficult to make out the venation; but this may be done by steeping the dried plant in water, and holding it against the light. The network of veins is then seen to have the meshes much more uniformly elongated, and the
24 ENGLISH BOTA.VY.
primary meshes do not (or but rarely) contain secondary veins. The cells of the epidermis are separated by straight boundary lines, while in 0. vulgatum the boundaries of the cells are sinuous. The spike contains fewer sporangia in each row ; in the Guernsey plant they are three to six on each side ; but I have Continental specimens with as many as ten in the row, and Milde says there are sometimes nine- teen. The sporangia do not extend so near the apex of the spike as in 0. vulgatum, the bare part extending like a little point or spur beyond the fertile part and bearing a much greater proportion to the length of the spike than in 0. vulgatum. The spores are consider- ably smaller than in 0. vulgatum, and are quite smooth.
Dwarf Adder* s-tongue.
GENUS II— B OTRYCHIUM. Schwartz.
Herbs with the caudex not tuber-like, passing downwards into a slender creeping branched root. Frond produced within the base of the stalk of that of the preceding year. Barren branch of the frond varying from oblong and pinnate or even only pinnatifid to deltoid and ternately decompound ; fertile branch stalked or subsessile, once to 3 or 4 times compound, oblong-triangular or deltoid, nearly all in one plane or incurved. Sporangia free, disposed in a distichous compound or decompound spike.
Name from /36rpv<; (botrus), a bunch of grapes, from the appearance of the fertile branch of the frond.
SPECIES I.-B OTRYCHIUM LUNARIA. Schwartz.
Plate 1837.
Babenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 9.
B. lunatum, Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Plants, Vol. II. p. 19.
Osmunda Lunaria, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1519. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 318.
Base of the frond without a slit on one side where it encloses the bud that forms the frond of the succeeding year. Sterile segment of the frond placed about the middle or above the middle of the whole frond, sessile, oblong or ovate-oblong, pinnate ; terminal segment truncate and incised at the apex ; pinnae lunate or fan-shaped, entire or crenate, or more rarely incised at the apex, without a midrib ; veins radiating from the base, repeatedly forked, not extending quite to the margin ; cells of the epidermis straight-sided. Fertile branch of the frond conspicuously stalked ; stalk often exceeding the length
OPHIOGLOSSACE.E. 25
of the barren portion ; lamina a compound spike, triangular or deltoid, with the primary branches spreading.
Var. a. genuinum. Margins of the pinnas entire or crenate.
Var. /3. incisum. Milde.
B. Lunaria, var. Moorei, Loice, Native Ferns, Vol. II. Tab. 76 b. B. Lunaria, var. rutaceum, Fries, Sunim. Veg. Scand. pp. 83, 252.
Margins of the pinme rather deeply and irregularly incised.
In pastures and on heaths where the herbage is short. Not very common but generally distributed, occurring from the extreme south of England north to Orkney and Shetland. Sparsely distributed throughout Ireland, and reported in the ' Cybele Hibernica ' to be plentiful in some of the limestone pastures of Galway and Clare. Var. /3, Halifax, Yorkshire ; Crosby Ravensworth, Westmoreland ; Horsier, Tyneside, Northumberland ! Pentland Hills, Edinburgh '
-w-r- . 7 O '
Kilnasaton, Dublin.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
Caudex or rootstock obliquely descending, thickened upwards, creeping, sending forth fleshy root-fibres which are simple or once or twice branched. Plant 2 to 10 inches high ; stipes stout, clothed at the base with a brown lacerated membrane formed from the decayed frond of the preceding year, and enclosing within its hollow base the rudiment of the succeeding year's frond. Sterile branch \ to 3 inches long, with from 3 to 8 pairs of fleshy bright-green pinnae. These pinnee are from \ to \ inch long and usually broader, the larger ones nearly semicircular and attached by a wedge-shaped base, each side of which is curved, so as to leave a blunt cusp directed backwards on either side where it meets the curve of the semicircle ; the upper pinnae attain little more than a quarter of a circle, and have the wedge-shaped base more excavated on the posterior than on the anterior side of the base. The pinna? are all connected by a herbaceous strip down each side of the midrib of the barren branch of the frond ; when young these pinnas or segments are folded inwards over the fertile branch of the spike, the lower cusp of each pinna over- lapping the upper cusp of the pinna situated below it ; the terminal lobe is commonly trifid. The stalk of the fertile branch between the barren branch and the base of the spike is from ^ to 2^- inches long ; the spike itself is from ^ to 2\ inches, the primary branches spread horizontally to the right and left ; these branches, or at least the lower ones, are generally compound and triangular, becoming
VOL. XTI. E
26 ENGLTSH BOTANY.
shorter as they approach the apex of the spike ; but more rarely they are twice compound, and in small specimens they are all simple. The sporangia are arranged along the edges of the ultimate divisions of the spike, on their inner side, that is, looking towards the barren frond ; they are about the size of poppy-seed or a little larger, at first green, afterwards orange. The spores are pale yellowish-white, roundish-trigonous, smooth, areolated.
The var. /3 scarcely deserves mention. It differs merely in the crenatures which are often present in the more common form, being separated by more or less deep incisions of unequal depth, so as to give a fimbriated appearance to the margins of the pinna?.
Monstrosities occur in which the barren branch is tripartite, each division resembling the ordinary barren branch of the frond. This is the var. tripartitum of Moore (' Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo. ed. vol. ii. pp. 324 and 332), which was found at Kilmashogue Hill, co. Dublin, by the late Dr. Kinahan, and called by him var. cristatum. I have a monstrous specimen from Southerness, Kirkcudbright, col- lected by the late Sir William Jardine, in which the fertile branch is tripartite, producing 3 spikes. I have another from Northumberland, in which, from the side of the barren segment, a branch is produced, the lower part of which is barren and the upper fertile. I have 2, one from Northumberland and the other from Kirkcudbright, in which, from the base of the lowest pinna of the fertile segment, a stalked compound spike is produced ; and lastly, I have one from Northum- berland in which sporangia are placed round the edges of the pinna? of the barren segment.
Botrychium Lunaria evidently increases by subterranean buds ; but the origin of these buds has not, so far as I know, been ascer- tained. In all probability they are developed at the extreme apex of runner-like shoots, or in the axils of their forks. The bud so pro- duced remains in a rudimentary state underneath the ground, instead of springing up at once into a barren frond, and it is not until the fourth year that it rises above ground, at which time both fertile and barren branches are fully developed. The plant is said to appear in April ; but in cultivation I have never found it do so earlier than the beginning of May, and it dies off in August. If the base of the stipes of the plant be cut longitudinally, it will be found to contain the young frond of the ensuing year, and within this the frond for the next again. This has been worked out by the late Mr. Newman, whose observations were made in May 1843, and he found that each frond was placed alternately, "t.e., having laid all the specimens before me with the fruit on the right-hand and the leafy portion on the left, then the frond for 1844 invariably had the fruit on the left and the leafy portion on the right ; the frond for 1845 appearing to be again reversed, having the fruit on the right and the leafy portion on the left." (Newman, 'Brit. Ferns,' ed. iii. p. 316.)
There is not the slightest reason for thinking that the Moonwort
OPHIOGLOSSACE.E. 27
or the Adder's-tongue is parasitic, yet fern-growers seem to think it cannot be cultivated for any length of time unless grown in a tuft of grass. Mr. Newman goes the length of saying that it should be dug up with a large sod and placed in a pot, and the grass kept short with a pair of scissors, and watered in dry weather " for the purpose of keeping the grass green and vigorous ;" and Mr. Moore states that Mr. "Wollaston, one of the most successful cultivators of Ferns, has told him " that he finds that to keep the plant over the second year, it is absolutely necessary to grow it in a tuft of grass." I have grown plants of it for 4 years in an unheated greenhouse without any herbage about it, and it thrives well. The plants were taken up in June, the whole of the surrounding grass removed, but the soil left about the roots. They were potted in light loam from mole- hills in the field where they grew, interspersed with fragments of limestone for drainage, and received no attention except removing any extraneous plant that appeared in the pot. Previously, I had tried growing it with grass, and found the grass flourished and the Botrychium died. I suspect each frond is short-lived, as in the wild state it is often not seen for years in a spot where it has been found.
Moon-wort.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
BOTRYCHIUM RUTACEUM. Schwartz.
B. matricariifolium, A. Braun. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 195. B. Lunaria, var. 8, Sm. Eng. FL Yol. IT. p. 328.
The supposed authority for this is a passage in Ray's ' Synopsis/ where he mentions a plant, " Lunariam minorem ramosam et Lunariam min. fol. dissectis. Westmoreland. D. Lawson hujus plantae varie- tates esse; non distinctas species opinatur. D. Doody ('Syn.' 11. App. 340) Lunariam minorem foliis dissectis revera distinctam speciem vult, cum segmenta seu lunulas non solum eminenter sint sectae, sed planta etiam elatior sit et botrus racemosior. Est Lunaria botrytis minor pinnulis laciniatis in Borealibus nostris (Pluk. Ann. 288). Mr. Doody received it from Sir Thomas YYillughby, but " hath since seen it several times gathered by our herbwomen." (Raii ' Syn.' 129.)
From this passage Mr. Newman draws the following conclusions : —
" 1. That Ray supposed there were two British species of Botry- chium distinct from Lunaria.
" 2. That Mr. Lawson thought them both varieties of Lunaria.
E 2
28 ENGLISH BOTANY.
" 3. That Dillenius believed one of them, described as with ' foliis dissectis,' to be a distinct species.
" 4. That this species, or supposed species, was ' found by or known to Ray, Lawson, Doody, "Willughby, and the herbwomen.' " (Newman, 1 Phyt.' 1854, p. 30.)
No one can doubt that Mr. Newman is right in his deductions, but I do not see how they prove Ray's plant to be B. rutaceum. There is no mention of the midrib to the pinnae, nor of their being pinnatifid : and the mere mention of lunules in connection with the pinnae would seem to exclude the idea of B. rutaceum, in which the pinnae have no lunate appearance whatever. Again, B. rutaceum is ordinarily a smaller plant than B. Lunaria. I am inclined to add a fifth deduction to those of Mr. Newman, viz. :
5th. That this species or supposed species is B. Lunaria, ft. incisum, M'tlde, which I have mentioned in its proper place.
There still remains a passage in Smith's 'English Flora.' After describing the ordinary form of B. Lunaria, he adds the following paragraph : —
" (3 has a branched stalk, bearing several leaves and compound spikes alternately disposed, y is a very slight variety, with more jagged leaflets than ordinary. S has pinnatifid leaflets and a more spreading habit. All these varieties, and perhaps others, are found occasionally intermixed here and there with the plant in its proper or common form ; but never, as far as I could learn, so numerously distinct as to have the appearance of a different species." (Sm. 'Engl. Fl.' vol. iv. p. 329.)
In this paragraph ft is the monstrous form termed tripartitum by Mr. Moore ; y is the plant I have before mentioned as B. Lunaria, j3. incisum ; and 8 is probably the true B. rutaceum. Smith appears, if not to have seen, at least to have heard of, the occasional occur- rence of all these forms ; and as B. rutaceum is a plant likely to occur in Britain, and liable to be overlooked, it is just possible that it may really be a native.
BOTRYCHIUM LANCEOLATUM. Angstrom. B. rutaceum, Newm. in part, Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. pp. 320-324.
Mr. Newman writes of a Botrychium, which he supposes to be B. rutaceum, " Mr. Cruickshank says in a note : ' I found it on the Sands of Barry, near Dundee, in August, 1830. I observed but
h
FILICES. 29
three specimens, all of them exactly alike excepting a small difference in size, and I could find none of the common form of the plant growing near them.' Mr. Cruickshank sent me a drawing, which I did not at the time recognise as representing the present species (B. rutaceum). A carefully accurate engraving of this will be found at p. 324, Newman's Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 321."
Of this drawing Mr. Moore says, " Dr. Milde's own illustrations of B. lanceolatum, including Fl. Dan. T. 18, fig. dext. are most nearly accordant with the figure of the Dundee j^lant, which should probably bear the name of var. lanceolatum instead of rutaceum, hitherto applied to it." (Moore, * Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo. ed. vol. ii. p. 332.)
Under B. lanceolatum Dr. Milde says, " Newm. Hist, of Brit. Ferns, 1854, figura pag. 324, ad B. lanceolatum pertinere videtur " (Milde, <Fil. Europ.'p. 197).
I do not think there can be any doubt that Mr. Newman's figure here referred to represents B. lanceolatum, and not B. rutaceum ; neither have I any doubt that Dr. Milde is right in considering that B. Lunaria, B. rutaceum, and B. lanceolatum are three distinct species. Unfortunately no further information can be obtained about the plant from the Sands of Barry, nor can any of Mr. Cruickshank's three specimens be traced to their present owners, so far as I can discover. No one else has found it there, still B. lanceolatum seems to have a better claim to be included in the British lists than B. rutaceum."
OEDER XCIY.— F I L I C E S.
Herbs, rarely trees, very rarely annuals, sometimes with creeping buried or exposed rootstocks, in which case the leaves or fronds are few and distant, in other cases with a stem (caudex) or in Tree-ferns a trunk, producing a circle of fronds like the feathers of a shuttle- cock. Fronds very various in shape and division, usually supported on a stalk (stipes) which is continued as a midrib through the expanded part of the frond, and there is termed the rachis. SjDorangia borne on the back or margin of the fronds, usually attached to the veins, each formed from a single epidermal cell, opening transversely or longitudinally, with a more or less complete vertical or trans- verse or apical ring of thickened tissue (annulus). The sporangia are collected into groups termed sori, which are round, oblong,
30 ENGLISH BOTANY.
linear, or curved, and sometimes naked, sometimes covered when young by a membrane (induskan), sometimes enclosed in pouches {involucres). Prothallium flat, green, resembling a frondose Liver- wort, producing on its under side archegonia and antheridia, the former producing a new plant when fertilised by the antherozoids of the antheridia.
According to Dr. TV. Gr. Farlow, in Pteris serrulata, the prothallium was found in about 50 cases to produce a young plant, where no traces of archegonia were seen. See ' Journ. Bot.' 1874, p. 185. If this viviparous production of young plants be general, it may account for the numerous curious facts that occur in the rearing of
o
Ferns from spores.
Suborder I— 0 SMUNDACE^l.
Sporangia with an incomplete annulus on one side immediatelv beneath the apex, opening by a longitudinal slit on the side opposite to the incomplete annulus, and extending across the apex.
GENUS I.—O S M U N D A. Linn.
Caudex massive. Fronds tufted, coriaceous or herbaceous, pinnate or bipinnate. Sporangia on a separate frond or on a portion of a frond so contracted that it appears to be made up of clusters of sporangia arranged in a compound spike, rarely with the barren portion inter- rupted by a few fertile lateral pinnae.
Name Osmunda, a Saxon name of the god Thor. But some authors derive it from Osmund, a Saxon waterman, who is said to have hidden his wife and children among the Royal Fern on an island in Loch Lomond, during an incursion of the Danes.
SPECIES I.-O SMUNDA REGALIS. Linn. Plate 1838. Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Exsicc. No. 10.
Stipes nearly as long as the laminaB of the frond, rarely only half as long. Barren frond subcoriaceous, pale green, glabrous when mature, clothed with cinnamon-coloured arachnoid hairs when young, which come off in floccose patches as the frond developes, oblong or ovate-oblong, with a triangular apex, bipinnate ; ultimate pinnules strap-shaped or oblong strap-shaped, obliquely truncate or sometimes half-cordate at the base, tapering towards the subobtuse or subacute
FILICES. 31
apex, very minutely serrulate or crenate, or almost entire ; veins running from the midrib of the pinnules to their margins, twice or thrice forked. Fertile fronds similar to the barren ones, but with
3 to 9 of the upper pairs of pinnaa and the apex of the frond bearing- contracted spur-shaped pinnules, thickly clothed with roundish and often coalescent glomerules of sporangia.
In bogs, meadows, wet heaths, and damp woods, and on wet ledges of rock. Sparingly distributed over England and Scotland, but much more abundant towards the west side of the island, extending from Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hants, Sussex, and Kent, to Sutherland and Caithness. It does not appear to be recorded from Orkney ; but I think the late Mr. Robert Heddle told me he had found it there. Generally distributed throughout Ireland, but there also more plentiful in the west.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Plant with few heads, the caudex attaining a large size before it divides; divisions of the caudex nearly vertical, thickly clothed with the decayed bases of former fronds, in old luxuriant plants sometimes attaining a height of 2 feet above the ground, but in exposed situations only rising a few inches. Fronds 5 to 12, erect or when very luxuriant arching backwards, usually 2 to 4 feet high, but in favour- able localities often much taller. I have seen it 5 or 6 feet high in the Isle of Bute; Mr. Newman has measured fronds 8 feet high on the banks of Loch Fyne ; Mr. W. Bennett records it about the same height in Merivale Wood, at the foot of Leith Hill, Surrey ; and Mr. T. Moore says it is occasionally 10 to 12 feet high in very clamp, sheltered spots. The rachis is attached by a narrow base to the caudex, and gives off a strong root-fibre from its back above the point of attachment, above which it is greatly enlarged and fur- nished on each side with a stipule-like expansion, something like the blade of a feather, or still more like the pen found in the cuttle- fish called the squid (Loligo) : in large plants this wing is from 2 to
4 inches long, projecting ^ to ^ an inch, it ends rather abruptly upwards ; it is plicate and crisped at the margin, and splits readily from above obliquely downwards. The rachis itself is green, convex on the back, flattened on the anterior surface, which is bounded by two slightly raised rounded strips ; when cut through the vascular bundle is visible as a curved line with its two free ends rolled in- wards. The fronds are at first tinged with reddish but become pea- green when mature, they have 5 to 9 pairs of rather distant and nearly opposite pinnse; the pinnules or ultimate segments are sub- sessile, 5 to 14 pairs in each pinna, each one f to 2f inches long by j to | inch broad ; they are placed nearly opposite to each
6 L ENGLISH BOTANY.
other, and are more developed on the lower side than on the upper ; their texture is very firm, and their surface throws off rain or dew without being wetted. The veins are either given off from the midrib in pairs or divide immediately after leaving it, and are again often once or twice forked, the ultimate segments running into the notches between the extremely minute serrulations, and not into their apices. The fronds begin to develope in May, and perish with the first sharp frost. The fertile fronds have from 2 to 6 of the lower pair of pinna? quite like those of the barren fronds, but the upper ones have the pinnae cut down to a winged midrib, from each side of which herba- ceous processes are given off, round which the sporangia are clustered. These metamorphosed pinnae are from \ to 1^- inch long ; they are at first green, afterwards olive-yellow, and ultimately they become of a rusty-brown colour. The spores are green while they are capable of germinating, but become pale yellow when they have lost their vitality.
This plant has no varieties, properly so called, found in Britain ; cristata and interrupta, Moore, being malformed states or monstro- sities. It sometimes occurs with the rachis divided or with the leaflets lobed and crisped. Not unfrequently on the fertile fronds some of the barren pinnae are fertile on one side, and in this case the opposite side is divided into rounded lobes ; this lobing evidently being the first stage of the transition from the barren to the fertile pinnules.
Royal Fern, Flowering Fern, or Osmund Royal.
Suborder II.— H YM E N 0 PH YL L AC EiE.
Sporangia placed on an extended vein, which forms a receptacle enclosed in an involucre. Each sporangium with a complete obliquely-transverse annulus, opening by a longitudinal slit.
GENUS IL—T RICHOMANES. Linn.
Rootstock usually creeping. Fronds more or less translucent, often consisting of but a single layer of cells. Sori marginal, arranged round the lower part of a filiform elongated receptacle terminating a vein. Involucre tubular, undivided, truncate or slightly 2-lipped, often falling short of the receptacle.
Name from $pi£ (thrix), hair, and /xavds (memos'), loose.
FILICES. 33
SPECIES I.-TRICHOMANES RADICANS. Swartz.
Plate 1839. Eabenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Essicc. No. 116. T. speciosiim, Willd. Sp. PI. Vol. V. p. 514. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 10. Neinn. Hist.
Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 305. T. brevisetuni, B. Br. Hort. Kew. ed. ii. p. 529. Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 324. T. alatum, Hook. Fl. Lond. Tab. 53 (non Swartz).
T. pyxidiferuni. Linn, (parte) Sp. PI. 1561 (non Auct.). Huds. Fl. Eng. p. 461. Hymenophylluni alatum, Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1417. H. Tunbridgense, var. /3, Sm. Fl. Brit. Vol. III. p. 1417.
Rootstock wiry, elongate, creeping, thickly covered with long pitchy brown hairs intermixed with shorter ones. Fronds distant. Stipes wiry, from one-fourth as long to as long as the lamina of the frond, with hair- like scales similar to those on the rootstock at the base, nearly naked above, with an herbaceous wing on each side, which is broadest at the top and vanishing towards the base. Lamina about twice as long as broad, translucent, consisting of but a single layer of cells, ovate or lanceolate, twice or thrice or four times pinnati- partite, dark green ; ultimate segments wedge-shaped at the base, pinnatifidly lobed ; rachis and secondary rachides winged ; veins branching, with a branch running into each ultimate segment, but not extending quite to its apex. Involucre solitary, more or less exserted, cylindrical-obconic, more or less winged, truncate or very indistinctly 2-lipped ; receptacle more or less ultimately exserted.
Var. a. genuinum.
Frond ovate or oblong-ovate. Involucre conspicuously exserted.
Yar. /3. Andreu'sii.
Frond lanceolate. Involucre nearly wholly immersed in the sub- stance of the frond. Receptacle projecting much more beyond the involucre than in var. a.
On wet, shady rocks and banks, very local. Formerly found at Bell bank, near Bingley, in the west of Yorkshire. In North and South Wales (Mr. Backhouse, who considers the South Wales station - at least as a natural one). Near Corrie, Arran, but probably planted there. In several places in the south and south-west of Ireland. " Yalentia (perhaps introduced, Kinahan) ; Waterville ; Turk Moun- tain and near Killarney ; Kenmare; Glouin (or Grlen) Caragh ; near Derriana Lake, and Lough Carragh ; Dingle; Mounteagle ; near
VOL. XII. f
34
ENGLISH BOTANY
Bantry ; Bandon ; Templemichael Glen (Mr. D. Murray and I. Carroll). On the Glashgariff river, Cork (Drummond). Near Blarney (I. C). Near the summit of Carrigana Kildorrey, north of Cork (I. C.) ; Glenbower Wood, near Cork ; Glendine Wood, WTaterford (Kinahan). Sparingly at Powerscourt waterfall ; and a few plants in Hermitage Glen, Wicklow, Flor. Hib. (not found lately). Cumaelta Mountains (Moore, Nat. Pr. Br. F.); Glenstal, Barrington's Bridge, near the Keeper Mountain, Limerick (Mr. G. A. Pollock) ; on the banks of the Clare river, three miles south of Newport, Tipperary (Mr. G. H. Kinahan). (This station may extend to district 7.)"— 'Cybele Hibernica,' p. 378.
Var. ft. In a moist, rocky cave, Blackstones, Glouin Caragh, Kerry (Mr. W. Andrews), and near Killarney, Mr. Isaac Carroll.
England, [Scotland,] Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Rootstock about the thickness of a crow-quill, emitting wiry, forking, radical fibres, densely tomentose with scales resembling hairs. Stipes varying from 1 to 6 inches; lamina 3 to 12 inches; pinnae and divisions of pinnae all connected by a broad wing, so that the frond must be termed pinnatipartite instead of pinnate; ultimate lobes oblong, with short, entire or bifid teeth. Involucre situated on the lowest anterior branch of the vein of the ultimate segments, urn-shaped^ tapering below, about T\ inch long, pale green. Receptacle bristle-shaped, sometimes scarcely exceeding the involucre, but usually ultimately twice as long or more. Spore- cases reddish, concealed within the involucre.
Of var. ft. I have no specimens, but judging from the figure in Mr. Newman's ' British Ferns,' it appears to differ from the ordinary form only in the frond being narrower and more acuminated, the recep- tacles immersed in the substance of the leaves, and the bristle or receptacle ^sometimes 3 or 4 times longer than the involucre ; Mr. Andrews, in his description, says 6 times longer. Mr. Andrews lavs some stress as a, distinctive feature on " the lower pinnae being dis- tant and short;" but this occurs in var. a, of which I have specimens in which the same rootstock bore some fronds having the lowest pmnaB longer than the succeeding, and others in which they are considerably shorter.
Tins fern is remarkable for the slow development of its fronds, and their lengthened duration, as they are not fully developed until the second year, and until then the involucres are not produced. Accordmg to Milde, however, the Mexican form is said to be fructi- ferous m the first year. Mr. Andrews, as quoted in Newman's British Ferns,' says no disposition to bear fruit is shown until the autumn of the third year, when the involucres appear, and the
FILICES. 35
setas and capsules attain maturity in October. After this the fertile frond begins to decay, but sterile fronds have even a longer existence.
The Bristle-fern is easily cultivated, and its semi transparent foliage presents an exceedingly attractive appearance. The easiest method of culture is to plant it in a pan (unglazed if possible), filled with broken sandstone and peat. Place the pan in a larger glazed pan, in which keep water. Cover with a glass fitting into the outer pan, and leaving a space between the glass and the margin of the inner pan, or place the two pans in a hand-light or window fern-case. The outer pan should never be without water, the object being to keep up a damp atmosphere round the Fern by the evaporation of the water in the outer pan, and allow no stagnant water about the roots.
Bristle-fern.
GENUS II1.—B. YMENOPHYLLUM. Smith.
Rootstock filiform, creeping. Fronds translucent, usually consisting of but a single layer of cells. Sori marginal, arranged round a slender columnar receptacle, terminating in a vein. Involucre 2-valved or deeply bipartite, usually equalling or exceeding the receptacle.
Name from vfjujv (humeri) a membrane, and cf>v\Xov (phullon) a leaf, alluding to the delicate membranous texture of the frond.
SPECIES L— HYMENOPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE. Smith.
Plate 1840.
Eahenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 80. Trichomanes Tunbrigense, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1561.
Rootstock capillary. Fronds flat and glabrous, translucent, con- sisting of a single layer of cells scarcely longer than broad, ovate- oblong or lanceolate-oblong, pinnatipartite, with the pinnae all con- nected by a wing running down each side of the rachis and extending a short distance down the stipes ; pinna? flat, pinnatipartite or pinna- tifid, with the segments alternate, and on both the upper and lower sides of the main vein, at least those at the base of the frond (the pinnae near the apex being divided on the anterior side only) ; ultimate divisions strapshaped, spinous-serrulate. Involucres at the termination of the first or first and second anterior veins given off by the main vein of the pinna?, broadly oval ; valves semicircular, flattish, serrate-denticulate or spinous-denticulate at the apex. " Receptacle furnished with paraphyses at the base " (Milde).
On rocks, more rarely on steep banks, or even trunks of trees.
F 'I
36 ENGLISH BOTAXY.
Rather local, but widely distributed. Chiefly in the west of England and Scotland, Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Sussex, "West Kent, Gla- morgan, Merioneth, Carnarvon, Yorkshire, the Lake district, North- umberland, Dumfries, Peebles, Stirling, Dumbarton, Renfrew, Argyle, Bute, Arran and Mull. In Ireland it is local, being rare in the east, centre and north of the island ; it occurs in Kerry, Cork, TVaterford, Tipperary, Kilkenny, Limerick, Clare, Longford, Galway, Sligo, Leitrim, Donegal, Tyrone and Down.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Plant growing in sheets or mats, with the black hair-like rootstocks interlaced ; these are much branched, and emit numerous hairy rootlets, which attach themselves to the rock or substance on which the plant grows ; they are nearly naked, having a few brown hair- like scales on their younger portions, and commonly a small tuft at the base of the young fronds Stipes setaceous, a little thickened upwards, J to 2 inches long ; lamina f to 4J inches long, by \ to 1 inch broad ; lower pinnae somewhat flabellately pinnatifid or pinnati- partite, which arises from the distribution of the veins ; the main vein of each pinna gives off a lateral vein first on the anterior side, then on the posterior, then another anterior branch, and often a posterior following it ; each of these branches is commonly forked, or sometimes twice forked, and so is the termination of the main vein ; the ultimate veins do not quite reach the apex of the ultimate divisions ; in the uppermost segments the veins frequently branch only on the upper side. Involucres about -y^ inch long, inversely deltoid at the base, which is somewhat swollen ; the valves are flattened horizontally, and project beyond the substance of the leaf. The sporangia are wholly included, and the vein or receptacle on which they are placed does not extend beyond them.
The leaves in texture, and in the shape of their ultimate divisions, bear considerable resemblance to those of the barren stems of the moss, Mnium undulatum, Hedwig.
Tunhridge Filmy Fern.
SPECIES II.-HYMENOPHYLLUM UNILATERALE. Bory.
Plate 1841.
Rabenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 120.
H. Wilsoni, Book. Wilson, Eng. Bot. Supp. No. 2686. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii.
p. 451. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. pp. 83, 253. H. peltatum, Desvaux, Ann. Linn. 1827, p. 333. Rabenli. I.e. H. Tunbrklgense, var. Beniham, Handb. Brit. Fl. p. 638. Baker in Hook.& BaJc. Syn.
Filic. ed. ii. p. 67. TrichomaneE peltatum, Poiret, Enc. Bot. Vol. VIII. p. 76, tide Desvaux.
FILICES. 01
Rootstock capillary. Fronds convex, recurved, glabrous, trans- lucent, consisting of a single layer of cells nearly twice as long as broad, lanceolate-oblong or narrowly oblong, pinnatipartite, with the pinna? all connected by a wing running down each side of the rachis, and extending a short distance down the stipes ; pinnae recurved, pinnatipartite, with the segments all on the anterior side of the main vein, even in those at the base of the frond, simple or once forked ; ultimate divisions strapshaped spinous-serrulate. Involucres at the termination of the first anterior vein given off by the main vein of the pinna?, ovate ; valves ovate, convex, entire throughout. Recep- tacle without paraphyses.
On rocks and trunks of trees, often growing with H. Tunbridgense, but much more frequent, especially in the north-west of England and Scotland, extending north to Orkney (where it was found by the late Mr. Hecldle near the Kame of Hoy, and in 1880 by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Wart Hill of Hoy), and Shetland. Frequent in mountainous districts in Ireland, especially in the west and north.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Very similar to H, Tunbridgense in general appearance, and about the same size. It is easily recognised when growing by its dark lurid green fronds, recurved at the apex and margins, while in H. Tun- bridgense they are flat and paler green. But even in the dried state it may be known by the narrower pinnae, of which the main vein branches only on the upper side, consequently they have the segments all pointing towards the apex of the leaf, even in the basal leaflets. The fronds are also rather narrower in outline, and their ultimate divisions are rather broader and less parallel-sided. The involucres are more exserted, a little larger, and with longer convex and entire valves. The cells of the fronds are longer and narrower than in H. Tunbridgense. Mr. Gulliver gives the average size of the cells of H. Tunbridgense as -Ay inch each way, and in H. unilaterale, the average long diameter g-i-g inch, and the short diameter -g-j-g inch. (See ' Journ. Bot.' 1865, p. 204.) Mr. F. Clowes states that the fronds of H. Tunbridgense die annually, while those of H. Wilsoni grow on from year to year, like those of Trichomanes radicans, but Mr. Moore says the fronds of H. Tunbridgense endure for " two or three years under favourable circumstances." (' Nat. Print. Ferns,5 8vo. ed. vol. ii. p. 304.) I have not had H. Tunbridgense in cultivation, but I can corroborate the statement that the fronds of H. unilaterale live for more than one year.
Wilson's Filmy Fern.
38 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Suborder III.— PO L YP OD I A C EiE.
Sporangia with an incomplete vertical annulus, and opening by a transverse slit on the side where the annulus is incomplete.
Tribe I.— POLYPODIES.
Rootstock growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which is articulated to the rootstock, and separates from it, leaving a distinct scar. Sori roundish or more or less elongated, attached to the hack of the veins, without an indusium.
This is the only tribe of British Ferns belonging to Mr. John Smith's division Eremobrya, which is characterised " Fronds solitary, solitary, lateral, and articulate with its caudex ;" all the following tribes belong to his division Desmobrya, and have the " fronds terminal, solitary, fasciculate, adherent to the caudex." (J. Smith, ' Hist. Filicum,' pp. 61-79.) I agree with the late Mr. E. Xewman (' Phytologist,' ser. 1, vol. v. p. 229) that such plants as Pteris aquilina, which have a rhizome growing in advance of the fronds, cannot naturally be referred to Desmobrya ; though I cannot go so far with him as to join them with Polypodium and the other Eremobrya. Probably Pteris aquilina and such Ferns as have a rhizome growing in advance of the fronds, but the rachis of the fronds continuous with the rhizome and not articulated to it, ought to be formed into a separate division to be placed between Eremobrya and Desmobrya — as natural primary divisions of the suborder Polypodiaceae.
GENUS IV.— POLYPODIUM. Linn.
Rootstock scaly, growing in advance of the fronds. Fronds solitary, their stipes articulated to the rootstock. Veins free. Sori roundish, rarely oval, terminating the lower anterior veins. Indusium absent.
Name from -oXvs (pcius) many, and -ovs {pous) foot.
SPECIES L-POLYPODIUM VULGARE. Una.
Plate 1842.
Bab. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 1544.
Ctenopteris vulgaris, Xeicm. Pkyt. 1851, App. p. 29 ; Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 42.
Rootstock thick, at first densely clothed with peltately attached reddish-brown ovate-triangular and lanceolate acuminate or cuspidate
FILICES. 39
scales, which are toothed on the margins. Fronds petiolate, coriaceous, evergreen, not scurfy, glabrous when full grown, strap-shaped or oblong-strapshaped or lanceolate- or ovate-oblong, acuminate at the apex, abrupt at the base, very deeply pinnatipartite ; segments strap- shaped or lanceolate, with broad adnate bases, usually indistinctly crenate or serrate, more rarely deeply crenate or serrate or pinnatifid. Secondary veins forked, or with 1 to 4 alternate lateral veins below the terminal fork, the ultimate veins not reaching the margin. Sori round or roundish, arranged in a line on each side of the segment, and about midway between it and the margin, attached to the extremity of the first anterior branches of the secondary veins. No barren fronds differing in shape or division from the fertile fronds.
Yar. a. genuinum.
Stipes containing a single vascular bundle. Frond strap-shaped, gradually acuminate at the apex ; segments strapshaped or oblong- strapsha} ted, obtuse or abruptly acute, rarely attenuated from near the middle to the apex, very finely crenate-serrulate. Secondary veins usually with 1 lateral vein below the terminal fork, or more rarely only forked.
Tar. ft. serratum. Willd.
Stipes containing 2 vascular bundles. Frond oblong-strapshaped, often abruptly acuminated at the apex ; segments strapshaped or lanceolate-strapshaped, gradually acuminated, more or less distinctly serrate or crenate, serrate at the margins. Secondary veins usually with two lateral veins below the terminal fork.
Yar. y. Cambricum. Willd. P. Cambricum, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1546.
Stipes containing two vascular bundles. Fronds lanceolate- or ovate-oblong, abruptly acuminated ; segments lanceolate or elliptical, irregularly pinnatifid, or some of them pinnatifid and on the same frond, others serrate or crenate-serrate, or rarely all crenate, often barren. Secondary veins with 2 or 3 lateral veins below the terminal fork, or elongated so as to form midribs to the secondary segments, in which case they give off simple or once-forked veins.
On rocks, walls, steep banks, stumps of trees. Common, and gene- rally distributed in England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Var. /3 is much more rare, at least in Scotland. I have it from
4 0 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Cheshire from the Rev. W. W. Newbould ; Godalming, Surrey (H. C. Watson and Henry Bull). Mr. Moore gives stations in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Monmouth, Hereford, Warwick- shire, Gloucester, Oxford, Worcester, York, Pembroke, Denbigh, Kirkcudbright, Stirling, Gralway, Clare, Waterford and Guernsey.
Of var. y the typical Cambricum was originally found in a wood near Dinas - Powys Castle, Cardiff, Glamorganshire. Said by Mr. Lowe to have been found recently in a wood near Maccles- field, Cheshire ; also reported from Kidderminster, Mill Dingle, Beaumaris, Conway Castle, Ambleside, and Antrim. A fertile form of it was found at Goderich Castle, Herefordshire by Mr. W. Bennett, from whom I have cultivated specimens. Forms still less divided I have from Killarney, and it has been observed in various parts of Ireland, especially Kerry, Clare, and Wicklow. In the south and west of England.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Yar. a has the rootstock varying from the thickness of a goosequill to that of a man's little finger, usually creeping along the surface on which it grows, to which it adheres by numerous branched densely tomentose radical fibres ; it is branched, and the growing apex is always in advance of the fronds, thickly clothed with pale reddish-brown scales, which ultimately fall off, and leave the rhizome smooth and green. Upon this part of it there are elevated warts, the top of which exhibits a circular depression ; this is the scar left by the stipes which have separated from the rootstock by an articulation. The scales with which it is covered are remarkable for adhering by a large surface, so as to be peltate, they are dentate on the margins and on the long apical cusp ; the teeth are prominent and distant, spreading, or even a little recurved at the point. The stipes is from 1 to 8 inches long, pale green, cylindrical, with an inconspicuous green ridge on each side, about as thick as a stocking wire, at first furnished with distant lanceolate acuminate cuspidate brown scales, like those on the root- stock, but soon becoming quite bare. Lamina usually more or less channelled from the segments bending inwards ; 2 to 10 inches long by 1 to 2^ inches broad, dark green, paler and somewhat glaucous beneath, with the veins more translucent than the rest of the frond, and clubbed at the apex, unrolling at the end of May or first half of June, but the sori are not completely developed till a month or six weeks afterwards, when they are become yellow or bright orange, and about the size of sago grains or larger ; they are often produced on the apical portion only of the frond. The spores are pale yellow, oblong- renitbrm, bluntly tuberculate. The fronds remain green until the
FIL1CES. 41
following sunmier, except in exposed localities ; they are erect, or pendent when luxuriant.
Yar. /3 is usually a larger plant, the fronds 6 to 20 inches long, 3 to 5 inches broad.
Yar. y has the fronds 4 inches to 1 foot long, by 3 to 7 inches broad. It is to this variety that the handsomest forms, so much coveted by fern-growers, belong. Most of these, however, are abnormal developments, which is shown by the frond being either wholly or partially barren, and by the irregularity of the divisions of the primary segments. The most regular of all the forms, which is also occasionally fertile, is that from Goderich Castle, Herefordshire, which is named " omnilacerum " by Mr. Moore. The true Cam- bricum is always barren. The form called crenatum by Mr. Wol- laston, which I have from Mucrus, Killarney, appears to be really the Cambricum without monstrous development. This comes very near var. ft. serratum, but has the frond much broader in proportion. Mr. Moore gives Saltoun Castle, Kent (S. Grey) ; Devonshire (Rev. J. M. Chanter) ; Conway (Dr. Alchin) ; Ruthin, Denbigh (E. Pritchard) ; the Craigs, near Dumfries (W. Gr. Johnson) ; Mucrus, Killarney (Dr. Alchin) ; as stations for the form crenatum. (Moore, ' Nat. Print. Ferns,' 8vo. ed., vol. i. p. 67.)
Common Polypody.
Tribe II.— GRAMMITIDE^.
Caudex not growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which is not articulated to the caudex, and does not separate from it. Sori elongated or linear, or more rarely nearly round, attached to the back of the veins, without an indusium.
GENUS F.—GYMNO GRAMME. Desv.
Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, usually approxi- mated or tufted ; stipes not articulated to the caudex. Yeins forked, free. Sori linear or oblong, rarely roundish, on the back of the ulti- mate veins, and often occupying their whole length, frequently ultimately confluent, not covered by the reflexed margins of the frond. Indusium absent.
Name from yv/Avds (gumnos) naked, ypa^r) {gramme) a line, referring to the naked lines often formed by the sori which are not covered by an indusium.
VOL. XTI.
42 ENGLISH BOTANY.
SPECIES L-GYMNOGRAMMA LEPTOPHYLLA. Besvaux.
Plate 1843.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 81.
Grarnmitis leptophylla, Swartz & Willd. Spec. Plant. Vol. V. p. 143. Gren. & Godr.
El. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 629. Polypodium leptopliyllum, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1553.
Caudex minute, annual, or rather biennial, with filiform scales. Fronds of two forms on the same plant. Fertile frond, with the stipes usually as long as or longer than the lamina, maroon-coloured at the base, at first with a few capillary scales, ultimately naked. Lamina pale yellowish-green, membranous, glabrous when full grown, without scales or powder beneath, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, abrupt at the base, acuminate, bipinnate ; pinnules obovate, pinnatisect or flabellately lobed, wedge-shaped or inversely deltoid at the base, with the lobes once or twice dichotomous ; ultimate divisions very short and rounded. Sori oblong, ultimately confluent, and covering the upper half of the lobes of the pinnules. Sterile frond smaller, and with a much shorter stipes than the fertile frond. Lamina thinner than in the fertile frond, ovate, pinnate ; pinnae shortly stalked, larger than in the fertile frond, flabellate, dichotomously incised, in luxuriant plants not unfrequently bearing sori, which are rounder than in the fertile frond, and not confluent. Fertile fronds deciduous ; barren ones fugacious.
On banks and walls facing the south or south-west in Jersey. The first notice of it was published in the ' Gardeners' Chronicle,' Jan. 29th, 1853, p. 69, by " J. M.," who appears to have found it not only in that year, but in the previous one in Jersey. Mr. Newman, in March 1853, states that he learned from his friend Mr. Henry Hagen, in the winter of 1852-3, that a lady had discovered Gymnograrnme leptophylla in one of the Channel Islands, and on receipt of a specimen he announced the fact in the ' Phytologist,' 1853, p. 914. As a result of communications received May, 1853, he intimated that it was reported from Jersey that Gymnograrnme was widely dis- tributed in the island, preferring localities in which the moistened soil induces the growth of Marchantia, in company with which plant it appears particularly to flourish ; it also occurs, but not so frequently, growing in moss. The principal localities are near Le Haule, near St. Aubin's, and in several places near St. Laurence. On the 25th of June, .1853, I gathered the Gymnograrnme on the right-hand side of
FILICES. 43
the road from Goose-green to St. Laurence ; it was about i mile from G-oose-green, on a high bank, looking towards the south-west, faced up with stones, in the interstices of which it grew ; it was far past its prime, and much of it quite dried up. Before it was ascer- tained to occur in Jersey, it was reported from Aberdeenshire. Mr. W. W. Spicer published in the ' Phytologist ' for 1862, p. GOO, a letter from Miss Veitch, in which she states she discovered it " in a stone dyke on the high-road, on the right-hand side, leading from Braemar to Ballater, nearly opposite Invercauld House, and as far as I remember where the highlanders perform their annual feats at the gathering, viz., a rock called ' the Lion's Face,' at the foot of which, enclosing trees, is the above-named dyke." No one else, how- ever, has found the plant in this station, and it is scarcely conceivable that it could exist in so cold a climate. Doubtless some mistake has been made.
Channel Islands. Annual or biennial. Spring.
Caudex very minute, roundish, simple, sending out woolly root- fibres with from 4 or 5 fronds in the Jersey specimens, which vary from 1 to 1\ inches high. In Portuguese specimens there are some- times 8 or 9 fronds with the tallest (5 to 8 inches high. The fronds which are first produced are sterile ; the earliest of these is not above £ or \ inch long, and has a roundish trifid lamina with dichoto- mously lobed segments ; the succeeding fronds are longer and more compound, but still are only accidentally fertile ; the pinnae of these are about \ inch long. The fertile fronds have a much longer and stouter stipes ; they are much more decompound, pale green, thin, soon becoming tinged with olive-yellow ; the primary rachis is very narrowly winged, with a herbaceous stripe running from each pinna ; the rachides of the pinnae are much more broadly winged, sometimes so much so that the pinnae cannot be said to be more than pinna- tipartite. In very luxuriant specimens the pinnules are again pinnatipartite, but in the small specimens, such as those I have seen from Jersey, they cannot be termed more than lobed, and are about \ inch long. The sori are yellowish, and before coalescing appear as if forked ; this arises from their being continued along the course of the veins from the last fork down to their apex, which is a little within the margin of the segment. Spores dark brown, areolate. The stipes contains a single reniform vascular bundle ; the hair-like scales are at first white, afterwards brown.
According to Moore, in the wild state we learn that the prothallus is developed in the damp late autumnal months, being perfectly formed in November ; by January 3 or 4 fronds have been produced, in April or May the growth is mature, and by August the plants
G 2
44 ENGLISH BOTANY.
have perished. Sometimes in cultivation the perfect fronds are not produced till the second year." — ' Nature Printed Ferns,' 8vo. ed. vol. i. p. 110.
Annual Maidenhair.
GENUS VI.— C RYPTOGRAMME. R. Brown.
Fronds produced from the upper part of the caudex, approximate, dimorphous, the fertile fronds contracted ; stipes not articulated to the caudex. Yeins forked or simple, free. Sori roundish or oval, at the extremity of the ultimate veins, ultimately confluent so as to form a submarginal line covered by the reflexed margin of the frond. Indusium absent. Sterile frond with the margins not reflexed.
Name from /<pwros (krwptos) hidden, and ypafAfxy (gramme*) a line, on account of the lines of sori being concealed by the reflexed margin of the frond.
CRYPTOGRAMME CRISPA. B.Brown.
Plate 1844.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 42.
Allosorus crispus, Bernhardt. Newman, Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 35. Moore, Nat. Print.
Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 100. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 23. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.
et Helv. ed. ii. p. 95. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 83. Gren. & Godr. Fl. de Fr.
Vol. III. p. 641. Babenh. 1. c. Pteris crispa, Linn. ms. Eng. Bot. No. 1160 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 19. Osmunda crispa, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1522.
Rootstock shortly creeping, dividing into numerous crowns. Fronds of two forms on the same plant. Fertile frond with the stipes usually twice as long as the lamina, sparingly furnished with lanceolate scales when young, ultimately naked. Lamina triangular-ovate or ovate, firm, pale green, ultimately yellowish-green, glabrous, tripin- nate or more rarely bipinnate or quadripinnate ; the ultimate pinna? shortly stalked, or contracted towards the base, oblong elliptical fusiform or oblong-cylindrical, with the margins recurved and nearly concealing the sori, which are ultimately confluent. Sterile frond with the stipes usually twice as long as the lamina. Lamina membranous, firm, bright green, deltoid-ovate or triangular-ovate, 2 or 3 times pinnate, the ultimate pinna? obovate or oblanceolate, wedge-shaped at the base, incised or toothed with the teeth blunt; the veins running into the teeth, but not quite reaching their apex. Both kinds of frond deciduous.
FILICES. 45
On rocks and walls, and among loose stones and on hillsides. Local and principally found in mountainous districts. Challi- comb, near Simmonsbath, Somerset; it also occurs in Shropshire, Worcestershire, Derbyshire, Glamorganshire and Cardiganshire. In North Wales it becomes abundant, and still more so in the Lake district. In Scotland it is much more generally distributed, extend- ing north to Caithness, Sutherland and the Hebrides, but it is not recorded from Orkney or Shetland. In Ireland it is very rare, and confined to the east and north-east.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Caudex dividing into a great number of small crowns massed closely together, so that though each crown produces but few fronds, the plant grows in large tufts. Stipes of fertile fronds, 3 to 10 inches high, slender, wiry, brown at the base, then yellowish-green. Lamina 1 J to 4 inches long ; ultimate segments £ to f inch long, bearing a superficial resemblance to a pod of a Draba. Stipes of sterile frond li to 5 inches long ; lamina 1 J to 4 inches ; ultimate segments variable in the shape of and in the degree in which they are incised, varying from -|- to ^ inch long.
Occasionally barren fronds are found with the ultimate segments, but slightly sinuated at the edges and not cut. These appear to be transition forms between the barren and the fertile fronds. It is certainly not a variety, for I have a specimen in which, from the same caudex, one of these fronds is produced along with the ordinary barren fronds with deeply cut pinnules, and fertile fronds of the usual form.
The fronds are produced in May or the beginning of June, and are killed by the first severe frost of autumn. It cannot be mistaken for any other British Fern, on account of its dimorphous decompound bright green crisped fronds.
The name of Parsley-fern is given on account of the barren fronds having some resemblance to those of garden Parsley (Petroselinum sativum). They are, however, more like those of Fool's Parsley (JEthusa Cynapium).
Parsley-fern, or Rock-brakes.
Tribe III.— ASPIDIE.E.
Caudex or rootstock not growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which is not articulated to the rootstock, and does not separate from it. Sori punctiform, round, very rarely elongated, attached to the back of the veins, generally furnished with an indusium which assumes various forms, but is never attached to the veins longi- tudinally ; rarely the indusium is absent.
46 ENGLISH BOTANY.
GENUS F//.-PHEGOPTERIS. Fee.
Fronds produced from the extremity of the caudex and its branches, solitary or approximate, membranous, once or more times pinnate ; stipes not articulated to the caudex. Yeins forked or pinnate, free. Sori punctiform, round, rarely oval or linear, at the extremity of the ultimate veins or attached to some portion of their back. Indusium absent.
Name from ^yo's (j>hegos) a Beech, and 7n-epis (pteris) a Fern. The Beech-fern is the type of the genus.
SPECIES I. PHEGOPTERIS DRYOPTERIS. Fee.
Plate 1845.
Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Exsicc. No. 57.
Polypodium Dryopteris, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1555. Sm. Engl. Bot. Xo. 616, and Brit.
Fl. Vol. IV. p. 282. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 445. Book. fil. Stud. Fl.
p. 467. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 85. Koch, Syn. Fl.
Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 974. Fries, Smnm. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Polypodium Dryopteris, var. a. genuinum, Ledeb. Fl. Boss. Vol. IV. p. 509. Gren. &
Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 628. Eool. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 309. Lastrea Dryopteris, Bory. Newm. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 13. Gymnocarpium Dryopteris, Newm. Phytol. 1851, p. 371, and App. xxiv. ; and Brit. Ferns,
ed. iii. p. 57.
Caudex elongate, very slender, wiry, creeping, branched, not tortuous, not tomentose, the younger portions clothed with ovate scales, producing fronds at rather distant intervals. Fronds all similar. Stipes erect, almost filiform, much longer than the lamina, glabrous, at first with a few ovate or lanceolate often piliferous pale scales, ultimately naked. Lamina suddenly bent back at nearly a right-augle with the stipes, so as to appear almost horizontal when growing, bright pea-green, membranous, rather flaccid, glabrous and without glands, deltoid, acute, ternately bi- or tripinnate, with the three main divisions of which the frond is composed each rolled up into a separate ball in vernation ; ultimate pinnules or segments flat, oblong, obtuse, crenate-serrate or entire. Sori round, arranged in a line near the margin on each side of the pinnules or ultimate segments, attached to the lateral veins a little below their apex.
On rocks and amongst stones, chiefly in ravines, and on the ground in damp woods. In the south of England it is very rare, and pro- bably in some of its reported stations P. Robertianum has been mis- taken for it. There is, however, good authority for its occurrence in
FILICES. 47
East Cornwall, North Devon, West Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester- shire and Shropshire, as well as both North and South Wales ; from Lancashire, Derbyshire, and Yorkshire, it occurs in almost every county north to Caithness and Sutherland, and may certainly he called frequent in Scotland. It is not recorded from Orkney, but it is from Shetland. In Ireland it is very rare, and the only recent authority which is beyond question is that on Knocklayd Mountain, Antrim, where it was found about the height of 1800 feet by Dr. Moore ; Benoo Mountain, near Manor Hamilton, Leitrim, where it was found by the late Mr. J. Wynne ; and near Loch Talt, on the Ox Mountain, Sligo (Mr. P. Warren).
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Rootstock pitchy black, about the thickness of a stocking-wire, creeping just under the surface of the leaf-mould or loose soil in which it grows, emitting numerous capillary root-fibres sparingly clothed with very short down ; the growing extremity and young branches of the rhizome are completely covered with ovate, very pale brown scales, which disappear from the older portions of the caudex ; when the plant is luxuriant, the rhizomes and their branches interlace and form a sort of loose tangle. Fronds few in number, proceeding from the two sides of the caudex alternately, usually from ^ inch to 1 inch apart. Rackis 6 inches to 1 foot high, very slender, bluntly channelled on the upper half on the front, containing 2 vascular bundles. Lamina 2 J to 5 J inches by 3 J to 8 inches broad, with a few pairs of distant opposite pinnae, the lower pair so much larger than any of the others that the frond might be termed ternate with each of its 3 divisions bipinnate. These lowest pinnae have their pinnules, especially the basal ones, much more developed on the lower side than on the upper; the lowest pinnae of all the 3 divisions have their lowest pinnules separated from succeeding pairs, but towards their apex the pinnae coalesce ; the same thing takes place with the pinnules of these pinnae, of which the basal ones are separate, but the apical ones cohere, so that the apex of each of the 3 main divisions and of the tips of the lower subdivisions are only lobed or toothed — not pinnate. The lowermost of these ultimate pinnules or subdivisions are more or less deeply crenate-serrate, the upper ones entire ; each one has a midrib, which is flexuous towards the apex, and gives off veins which run to the margin of the pinnule or lobe ; these veins are simple, or the lower ones once or even twice-forked. The fronds begin to be produced early in May, and very soon attain their full size, so that mature sporangia may be found in June. The sporangia are at first yellow, they are minute and sometimes ultimately nearly coalesce so as to form submarginal lines upon the segments. The fronds perish with the first frost. When growing in shade they are of a
48 ENGLISH BOTANY.
rich vivid green, but not at all shining. In exposed places they frequently become tinged with red. They are very delicate in texture, and soon wither if after being gathered they are exposed to the air. Properly speaking, this Fern produces no barren fronds distinct from the fertile ones; still we frequently meet with fronds fully developed without sori. These have the pinnse broader and ultimate pinnas more approximate, and a greater number of them combined than the fertile fronds, so that they appear to be less divided, but they occur too rarely to be considered more than an accidental variation.
Oak-fern.
SPECIES II.-PH EG OPTERIS ROBERTIANA. A. Brawn.
Plate 1846. Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Exsicc. No. 58. Ph. calcarea, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 243. Babenh I.e. Polypodium Kobertianum, Hoffm. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 445. Hook fil Stud.
Fl. p. 467. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 92. Koch, Syn. Fl.
Germ, et Helv. p. 974. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Polypodium calcareum, 8m. Engl. Bot. No. 1525 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 283. Polypodium Dryopteris, (3. Kobertianum, Buprecht. Led. Fl. Ross. Vol. IV. p. 509.
Bool. & Bah. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 309. Polypodium Dryopteris, /?. calcareum, Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 628. Lastrea Robertiana, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 13. Lastrea calcarea, Bory, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. Vol. IX. p. 233. Gymnocarpium Kobertianum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371, and App. 24 ; and Brit. Ferns,
ed. iii. p. 63.
Caudex elongate, slender, wiry, tortuous, creeping, branched, flocculently tomentose, the younger part thickly clothed with ovate scales, producing fronds at rather short intervals. Fronds all similar. Stipes erect, wiry, longer than the lamina, minutely glandular, at first with numerous ovate or lanceolate often piliferous pale scales, ultimately naked. Lamina curved backwards, firm, dull greyish- green, sprinkled with very minute stalked glands, which are most numerous on the rachis partial rachides and mid-veins, deltoid or triangular-deltoid, bipinnate , acuminate, and very acute ; ultimate pinnules or segments often convex with reflexed margins, oblong, obtuse, crenate or entire. Sori round, arranged in a line near the margin on each side of the pinnules or ultimate segments, attached to the lateral veins a little below their apex.
On limestone rocks, local. It occurs in Somersetshire, Wiltshire, Oxford, Bucks, Gloucester, Hereford, Stafford, Salop, Glamorgan, Brecon, Denbigh, Derby, Lancaster, York, Durham. Besides these
FILICES. 49
counties it has been reported from "Worcestershire, Carnarvon, and Cumberland. It grows in the Isle of "Wight, at Swainston, and Carisbrooke Castle, but not wild. It has been found in an old quarry near Aberfeldy : concerning this station, Dr. Buchanan White says it is now nearly eradicated, but was once abundant ; he adds that he once suggested, half in jest, that the spores might have been accidentally carried with workmen's tools from some limestone quarry in England. Mr. "Watson also gives No. 93, i.e. North Aberdeen, as a Scotch station, which is insufficiently vouched for, but possibly correct. ('Top. Bot.,' p. 489.) It seems remarkable that it should be absent from the limestone hills of Ireland.
England, Scotland ? Perennial. Summer.
Rootstock pitchy black, about the thickness of a straw or more. Fronds several, -^ to f inch apart. Stipes 4 to 10 inches long. Lamina 3^ to 9 inches long, by 3 to 8 inches broad. Lower pair of pinna? much larger than the succeeding ones, and more remote from them than any of the other pairs or than the portion of their partial rachis which is between its junction with the main rachis and its first pair of pinnae ; they are, however, not so much larger than the other pairs of pinna? as to give the frond a ternate appearance, and they are not rolled up into little balls separate from the one into which the rest of the lamina is coiled in bud. The fronds appear in May and perish with the first frost. I have not seen any fully developed barren fronds of this species analogous to those mentioned under P. Dryopteris.
P. Pobertiana has been often confounded with P. Dryopteris, and indeed even now some botanists regard them as varieties of a single species. To me they appear abundantly distinct, and it is surprising that any one who has seen the tw7o plants alive could combine them. P. Robertiana differs from P. Dryopteris in having the caudex con- siderably thicker, more woody, and more tortuous, the younger por- tions more thickly clothed with scales and with brownish tomentum, which comes off in flakes, leaving the old portions of the rootstock glabrous ; the root-fibres are also stronger and more tomentose. The fronds are more numerous, much closer together, and (when young) with many more scales. The stipes is much thicker, and firmer, and glandular, at least when young. The lamina is not suddenly bent back at its junction with the stipes as in P. Dryopteris, but curves back- wards gradually ; it is longer in proportion to its breadth, much more acute, rather less compound, with the pinnules less approximate and more of them separated ; it is of a dull greyish tint — very different from the vivid green of P. Dryopteris. The very minute stalked- glands with wThich it is clothed, give it a somewhat dusty appearance, and furnish a character by which it may be distinguished in the dried
VOL. XII. H
50 ENGLISH BOTANY.
plant ; they are most abundant on the rachis and midrib. The ultimate divisions are often more or less convex, from having their edges recurved like those of some forms of Athyrium Filix-femina. The sori are larger, and from this sometimes become confluent so as to form continuous lines. Lastly, the constitution of the plant seems quite different, for P. Dryopteris loves shade and moisture, while P. Robertianum prefers dry spots and full exposure to the sun.
Limestone- Fern, Smith's- Fern, or Limestone Polypody.
SPECIES III.-PHEGOPTERIS POLYPODIOIDES. Fee.
Plate 1847.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 56.
Ph. vulgaris, Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. p. 83.
Polypodiuni Phegopteris, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1550. 8m. Eng. Bot. No. 2224 ; and
Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 282. Bab. Mau. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 441. Hook fil. Stud.
Fl. p. 4G7. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 70. Hook. & Baker,
Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 308. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Hebr. ed. ii. p. 974. Fries, Summ.
Veg. Scand. p. 82. Gren. & Goolr. Fl. de France, Vol. III. p. 627. Babenh. 1. c. Lastrea Phegopteris, Bory. Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 13. Gyrnnocarpiuni Phegopteris, Neiom. Phyt. 1851, p. 371, and at p. 23 ; and Hist. Brit.
Ferns, ed. iii. p. 49.
Caudex elongate, slender, scarcely tortuous, creeping, branched, tomentose, the younger parts sparingly clothed with lanceolate scales, producing fronds at rather distant intervals. Fronds all similar. Stipes erect, almost filiform, finely pubescent, at first with rather numerous lanceolate or subulate often piliferous pale brown scales, ultimately naked. Lamina gradually curved backwards, firm, dull yellowish-green, sparingly pubescent, triangular-acuminate and very acute, pinnate with the pinnaB pinnatifid or pinnatipartite but not again pinnate ; lower pair of pinnae deflexed ; ultimate segments often convex, oblong, obtuse, crenate or entire. Sori round or oval, arranged in a line near the margin on each side of the ultimate segments, but commonly only towards their base, attached to the lateral veins a little below their apex.
On rocks and amongst stones, chiefly in ravines, and on the ground in damp woods. This plant has almost the same distribution as P. Dryopteris, in company with which it often grows. There are, however, a few more localities in the south of England, as it occurs not only in Cornwall and Devon, but also in Dorset and Sussex. In Scotland it occurs in Orkney, where P. Dryopteris has not been noticed, although it, as well as P. Phegopteris, has been observed in
FIL1CES. 51
Shetland. In Ireland it is rather local and rare, but widely distri- buted from south to north.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
Caudex very similar to that of P. Dryopteris, but thicker, and finely pubescent. This pubescence is more persistent than that on the caudex of P. Robertianum, and does not come off in flocculi, as in that plant ; the hairs, too, are considerably shorter. The scales on the caudex are considerably narrower, more acute, and darker coloured than in P. Dryopteris. The fronds are 5 to 1 inch apart. The stipes is 3 to 12 inches long, thicker than that of P. Dryopteris, and like it very brittle, but is not so thick as that of P. Robertianum ; at first it is pitchy at the base, and usually with a good many scales similar to those on the caudex, while those above are narrower ; it is also sparingly clothed with very minute whitish spreading or reflexed hairs. The lamina is 3 to 8 inches long by 2 to 5| inches broad ; the rachis and midrib of the pinnse are clothed with minute narrowly subulate whitish scales, as well as minute hairs. The texture of the frond is much firmer than in P. Dryopteris, but less so than in P. Robertianum, and it is also intermediate in colour between the two. The pinnas are more or less deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, at least towards the base. The first pair of pinna?, which are as long as, or nearly as long as, the second pair, are directed slightly down- wards, so as to form acute angles with the succeeding pair, and are not parallel to them. The uppermost pinna? are combined, so that the apical half of the frond is pinnatipartite, not pinnate. The sori are usually less numerous than in P. Robertianum and P. calcareum, and are often more or less oval.
Beech Fern, or Mountain Polypody.
GENUS F///.-LASTREA. Presl
Fronds produced from the extremity of the caudex, approximate and tufted or solitary, membranous or subcoriaceous, once or more times pinnate ; stipes not articulated to the caudex. Veins all free. Sori punctiform, round, at the extremity of the ultimate veins, or attached to some portion of their back. Indusium round or reniform, with a sinus at the base, by which it is attached ; rarely the indusium is absent or fugacious.
Name after the Chevalier cle Lastre, a French botanist and microscopist.
52 ENGLISH BOTAN'Y.
SPECIES I. -LAST RE A THELYPTERIS. Presl.
Plate 18-48.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 16.
L. palustris, J. S. Milde, Hist. Fil. p. 266.
Nephrodium Thelypteris, Desv. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466. Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil.
ed. ii. p. 271. Aspidium Thelypteris, Schwartz. 8m. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 285. Fries, Sunim. Veg.
Scand. p. 82. Babenh. 1. c. Polystichum Thelypteris, Both, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 917. Gren. & Godr.
Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 630. Polypodium Thelypteris, Linn. Mant. PI. p. 505. Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 1018. P. palustre, Salisb. Prod. 403. Acrostichum Thelypteris, Linn. Sp. PI. 1528. Thelypteris palustris, Schott, Gen. Fil. sub T. 10 in note. Hemestheuni Thelypteris, Newm. Phyt. 1851. App. xxii. ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns,
p. 124.
Caudex very long, slender, wiry, creeping, much branched, the youngest portion with a few ovate obtuse pale very deciduous scales. Fronds of 2 kinds, produced at distant intervals along the rhizome, either solitary, or (in luxuriant plants) a few together in small fascicles, deciduous. Fertile fronds erect, with the stipes as long as, or longer than, the lamina, slender, slightly channelled in the upper part, containing 2 vascular bundles, pitchy-black at the base, with a very few pale ovate-acuminate scales, which soon fall off and leave the stipes naked. Lamina firm, yellowish- green, almost without glands (at least when full grown), oblong or strapshaped-oblong, abrupt at the base, rather abruptly acumi- nated into an acute apex, pinnate ; pinna? all shortly stalked, triangular-strapshaped, pectinate-pinnatifid or -pinnati partite ;' ulti- mate segments convex, narrowly triangular-strapshaped or trian- gular-oblong, more or less falcate, acute, entire, with recurved margins. Ultimate veins running from the midrib to the margins of the segments, forking near their base, those towards the apex of the segment generally simple. Rachis not scaly, or rarely with a few ovate brown scales. Sori attached to the back of the ultimate veins, forming a line on each side of the mid-vein about half-way between it and the margins of the segments, more or less covered by the recurved margins, ultimately confluent all over the lower surface of the segments. Indusium hyaline, soon disappearing, reniform, with minute stalked glands round the margin. Spores muricated. Sterile fronds produced earlier than the fertile ones, less erect, and not so
FILICES. 53
tall. Stipes usually shorter than the lamina. Lamina bright green, membranous, oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminated, abrupt at the base, very shortly stalked, deeply pinnatifid ; first pair of pinnae elongate, but a little shorter than the succeeding pair ; ultimate segments oblong, sometimes slightly falcate, obtuse or subacute, entire or repand, flat. Ultimate veins mostly once forked, but the basal ones sometimes branched below the fork, and the terminal ones simple.
In bogs and marshes. Local, but widely distributed in England, from Devon, Dorset, Hants, Sussex, and Kent, to Northumberland and Cumberland. In Scotland it is confined to Forfarshire, where it grows about Rescobie, and formerly at Restennet. It is reported from Scalloway and Guendal, Dunrossness, Shetland, but most likely this is a mistake. Local and rare, but widely distributed in the west, centre, and north of Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Caudex very long, creeping at a short distance below the surface of the loose peaty soil in which the plant grows, and extending rapidly when the conditions favourable for its growth occur ; it is about the thickness of a straw, nearly black, with very numerous radical fibres, which are at first tomentose, afterwards glabrous. The fronds are produced alternately, li to 2 inches apart, in this respect resembling those of the British species of Phegopteris, but there is this difference between them, that in luxuriant plants the fronds, instead of being produced singly at the nodes of the caudex, are in small fascicles, sometimes as many as 5 or 6 being found together. The barren fronds are the first to appear, about the month of May, the fertile ones not for a month or six weeks afterwards. The fronds continue to develop during the whole season, until stopped by the advent of frost, which kills both barren and fertile fronds. The stipes is from the thickness of a stocking-wire to that of a crow-quill, much longer and stouter in the fertile than in the barren fronds. These are 7 inches to 2 feet long; the lamina is 6 to 18 inches long, by 3 or 4 inches broad ; the ultimate segments are \ to f- inch long. In the sterile fronds the stipes varies from 3 to 9 inches long, and the frond is from 3 to 15 inches, and from 2 to 6 inches broad ; the ulti- mate segments are £ to ^ inch long, commonly contiguous, so that the pinnae have not the pectinated appearance of those of the fertile fronds. This is no doubt in great measure owing to the segments of the latter being recurved ; but even when the latter are flattened out, they are narrower than in the barren fronds. In both the fertile and barren fronds, but especially in the latter, the first pair of segments is often larger than the others, and the pinnules are separated almost down to the midrib of the pinna, but this is by no means always so.
54 ENGLISH BOTANY.
The indusium is extremely thin, and very quickly disappears, after which the sori appear to be as naked as in the genus Phegopteris. The young fronds have generally a few glands, especially beneath, but these can rarely be detected in fully matured fronds ; they are sessile, and yellowish, situated chiefly along the back of the midribs of the pinnae. Sometimes a few very minute whitish hairs are to be found on the rachis and lamina. I have not seen British specimens with the segments cut, but Milde gives a var. " pinnatifidum," from Silesia, in which the lacinise are irregularly pinnatifid.
Marsh-fern, or Female Buckler-fern.
SPECIES II.— LAST RE A OREOPTERIS. Presl
Plate 1849.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 39.
L. montana, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 130. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,
8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 170. Nephrodium Oreopteris, Desv. Hook.Jil. Stud. Fl. p. 466. N. montanum, Baker. Rook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 271. Aspidium Oreopteris, Swartz, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Rabenh. I.e. Sm. Eng. Fl.
Vol. IV. p. 286. Fries. A. montanum, Ascherson. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 115. Polystichum Oreopteris, DC. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 978. Gr. & Godr.
Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 631. P. montanum, Roth, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 74. Polypodium Oreopteris, EJtrh. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1019. P. montanum, Yogler, non Lamarck. Hemestheurn montanum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, App. p. xxii.
Caudex short, thick, separating into numerous crowns, which are also thick and shortly creeping or decumbent, and covered by the imbricated bases of fronds. Fronds all similar, several produced close together from the extremity of each crown, erect or inclined outwards, deciduous. Stipes very short, stout, channelled on the anterior face in the upper part, containing 2 vascular bundles, glandular, with numerous ovate-acuminate pale scales which are partially persistent. Lamina firm, bright green, glandular beneath, oblanceolate or elliptical, gradually and longly attenuated towards the base, gradually acuminate and acute at the apex, pinnate ; lower pinna3 deltoid, very short, those in the middle and apex of the frond triangular-strapshaped ; all of them sessile, pinnatifid or pinnati- partite ; ultimate segments flat, oblong or oval-oblong, sometimes slightly falcate, obtuse, entire or faintly eremite, with the margins not recurved. Ultimate veins running from the midrib to the
FILICES. 55
margins of the segments, forking near their middle, those towards the apex of the segment generally simple or all of them simple. Sori attached to the back of the ultimate veins, forming a line on each side of the main vein a little within the margin of the segment, which is not recurved over them. Indusium hyaline, soon disap- pearing, irregularly roundish, with minute stalked glands round the margin, generally imperfect or malformed, and frequently entirely absent. Spores granulated. No sterile fronds dissimilar to the fertile ones.
In pastures and woods, especially in hilly districts. Generally dis- tributed in England, but sparingly so, except in Wales and the north of England. In Scotland it is frequent, and very abundant throughout the highlands, extending north to Orkney and Shetland. In Ireland it is local, and rather scarce, though it is found from the north to the south of the island.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Caudex dividing into branches from the thickness of a man's finger to nearly that of his wrist, that is taking into account the brown decayed bases of the stipites with which it is clothed; sometimes these branches are so short that the plant grows in a great tuft with numerous crowns, but usually, when growing in light soil, the crowns are quite detached, and seem like separate plants until the caudex is laid bare by digging, when they will be found connected. Stipes slightly dilated at the base, where there is a more or less evident rib on each side extending for a short distance upwards, above this the stipes is rounded, with the exception of a rather deep furrow on the anterior surface, which is continued along the rachis tc the apex of the frond. The fronds are ordinarily 2 feet high, but vary from 7 inches to 4 feet, of which the stipes occupies only from 1 to 6 inches, the breadth is from 2^ to 10 inches ; they begin to unfold in May, and perish with the first severe frost in autumn. There does not appear to be a continued succession of fronds as in L. Thelypteris, for I have not noticed young fronds appearing later than the end of July. In their young state they are of a delicate pea-green with the scales white and hyaline. They have a peculiarity in their mode of unfold- ing : the pinnae unroll themselves before the rachis uncurls, so that as the latter developes the pinnae attached to the unfolded portion have already straightened themselves ; the end of the rachis goes on unfolding to the apex. The mature fronds are more or less firm, especially so when growing in exposed situations, but in moist shady woods they are often flaccid ; in this case they are of a bright pure green, or even dark green, but on exposed hillsides they are more of a yellow green.' The pinnae diminish in length rapidly towards the
5G ENGLISH BOTANY.
base of the frond, and the lower ones are more distant from each other ; the consequence of this is to give a very long and gradual taper to the base of the lamina. The sori are placed very near the margin of the segments ; they are either distinct or coalesce in a line, but do not cover the whole of the lower surface of the frond, but are always most numerous in the apical half of the frond.
There seem to be no true varieties of this Fern. In 1872 I brought a plant of it from Glen Cloy, Arran, which was the ordinary form with entire segments; in 1878, it is much more robust than it has ever been, and had the edges of the segments conspicuously crenate and undulated too, so it is now what I suppose Mr. Moore calls crispa. The breadth of the segments also varies a good deal. There are a few monstrosities, but none of them very striking.
Strangely enough, L. Oreopteris appears to have been sometimes mistaken for L. Thelypteris ; it differs by its thick short caudex, with the fronds of each crown arranged like the feathers of a shuttle- cock, by its short scaly stipes and its frond greatly attenuated at the base, and, when fertile, with the margins of the segments not recurved so as to cover the sori, also by the minute yellow glands, which are sprinkled over the under surface of the frond, and which give it a pleasant scent.
There is some difficulty in deciding whether this Fern ought to be called Oreopteris or montana. There is no agreement amongst botanists as to the limitation of the genera of Ferns, the characters on which the genera ought to be founded being still an undecided question. Very possibly the microscopical structure may afford more natural characters than any at present employed. The lower the plant is in its organisation, the more permanent are the form and structure of the cells and the tissue into which they are combined. It is now generally admitted that the form and disposition of the leaf-cells of Mosses can be advantageously employed as generic characters, while in Ferns the presence or absence and even the shape of the indusium is admittedly liable to variation, and genera founded on characters taken from it present the most incongruous groups. In consequence of this want of agreement as to generic names it has become a general rule that the specific name shall not be changed, and that the first specific name applied to a Fern shall be retained in whatever genus it is afterwards placed. Seeing, then, that the generic name is unstable, and the specific name un- changing, it has become very general, not only amongst fern-growers, but amongst botanists in this country, to speak of Ferns by the specific names only. We speak of Dryopteris, Filix-mas, Filix-femina, etc., without using generic names at all, except in the few cases where the generic name has proved stable and consists of but a single British species, as Osmunda or Scolopendrium, in which it is usual to use the generic name alone. The same practice arising from the same cause occurs in entomology, where in certain groups of moths but a
FILICES. 57
single name is employed, as ' Betularia,' ' Yiridana,' etc. The late Mr. Xewman, in the 5th edition of his ' British Ferns,' designates nearly all the Ferns by but a single Latin name. Of course this use of a single name can only be practicable provided there be not two British Ferns with the same specific name. In 1781 Yogler gave the name Polypodium montanum to the plant just described, for which I have retained the name Lastrea Oreopteris although, it was not until 1789 that Ehrhart named it Polypodium Oveopteris : but, according to Milde, Lamarck had previously (1778) applied the name Polypodium montanum to the Fern now known as Cystopteris montana. Mr. Xewman, who adopted the name " montana " instead of " Oreopteris," used the name myrrh idi folia for Cystopteris montana, as it was named Polypodium myrrhidifolium by Yillars in 1875, con- sidering that the name montanum was given to it by Allioni in 1785, which would make Allioni's P. montanum later than Yogler : but Yogler's P. montanum is really later than Lamarck's. Linnaeus seems to have confounded P. Oreopteris with his P. fragrans, and Hudson, in the 2nd edition of his ' Flora Anglica,' gave it the name of Poly- podium fragrans, but this has no claim to be retained.
Mountain Fern.
SPECIES III.-LASTREA FILIX-MAS. Prcsl.
Plate 1850.
Babenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 23.
Nephrodiuru Filix-mas, Richard. Book, fil. Stud. El. p. 465. Hool. & Bah Syn. Fil.
ed. ii. p. 272. Aspidium Filix-mas, Sicartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1458, and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV
p. 288. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Babenh. 1. c. No. 23. Polystichuni Filix-mas, Both. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 978. Gren. &
Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. G31. Polypodium Filix-mas, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1551. Dryopteris Filix-mas, Schott. Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 184. Lophodium Filix-mas, Neicm. Phytol. 1851, Append, p. 20.
Caudex short, very thick, separating into few large divisions or crowns, which are also very thick, short or rather short, and decum- bent or more rarely erect, covered by the imbricated bases of former fronds. Fronds all similar, many produced close together from the extremity of each crown, erect or inclined outwards, deciduous or sub-evergreen. Stipes short or rather short (-j1^ to ^ of the length of its lamina), very stout, flattened or very slightly channelled on the anterior face, containing 5 or 7 or more vascular bundles, without glands or with a few glands beneath, with very numerous lanceolate acuminate entire or denticulate often ciliated pale or dark brown glabrous or slightly glabrous scales, which are partially or wholly
VOL. XII. i
Ob ENGLISH BOTANY.
persistent. Lamina firm or snbcoriaceous, bright green, usually without glands, oblong or strapshapecl or oblong-elliptical, gradually or suddenly acuminate or cuspidate, rather abrupt at the base, bipinnate or once pinnate with the pinnae pinnatipartite or deeply pinnatifid ; lowest pair of pinnae triangular-strapshaped or triangular, shorter than the succeeding pair, but not very greatly so ; all of them very shortly stalked or subsessile, pinnate or pinnatipartite or jjinna- tifid, flat or concave ; pinnules or ultimate segments oblong or strap- shaped-oblong, or the basal ones triangular-oblong, scarcely at all falcate, decurrent on the posterior side of the base, obtuse or sub- acute, serrate or crenate-serrate, especially towards the apex, more rarely inciso-serrate or even pinnatifid throughout, at least in those nearest the rachis, with the margins not recurved over the sori ; the serratures sharp, but not spinous, pointed. Ultimate veins running from the midrib to just within the margin of the segments, with one or more with branches, according to the size of the lobes into which they run, one branch at least of each vein running into a tooth. Sori confined to the pinnae of the upper half or third of the frond attached to the back of the anterior fork of the ultimate veins, forming a line on each side of the main vein rather more approximate to it than to the margins of the pinnule or segment, usually confined to the lower two-thirds of the pinnule, and sometimes on the basal lateral veins only. Indusium firm or subcoriaceous, persistent, reniform or roundish- reniform, convex, often very greatly so, glabrous or sprinkled with minute glands over the whole surface. Spores granulated. No sterile fronds dissimilar to the fertile ones.
Var. a. genuina.
Fronds erect. Stipes short ; scales rather numerous, subdiaphanous, ultimately pale brown, slightly ciliate or pectinate-ciliate, the lowest ones broadly lanceolate, the upper ones linear, intermixed with a few rather flexuous hair-like ones, the greater number of them falling off early and leaving the rachis nearly naked. Lamina firm, bright green with very pale brown subhyaline scales when it is unfolding, ultimately rather dull green, a little paler beneath where it is some- times sparingly glandular on the rachis, narrowly oblong or strap- si laped-oblong, pinnate; pinnae all narrow, flat or rarely concave, and all, except a few pairs near the base, pointing towards the apex of the frond, and so making an acute angle with the rachis, pinnate oi- pinnatipartite (at least towards the base) ; pinnules or ultimate
FILICES. 59
segments contiguous, oblong, attached by a base broader than the rest of the pinnule or segment, scarcely tapering towards the obtuse apex, crenate-serrate or entire, flat or (in small specimens) with the apices slightly incurved. Indusium rather large, regularly convex, with the margins not incurved round the sporangia, glabrous. Spores with a few rather large rounded separate tubercles.
Yar. (?) /3. affinis. Bab.
L. Filix-raas, var. incisa, Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 177. Nephrodium Filix-nias, var. affine, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 495 ; and Hook. & Bak. Syn.
Fil. p. 272. Aspidium affine, Fischer & Meyer in Hohencicker, Enum. Plant, quas itin. per prov.
Talysch leg. 1838, p. 10. Nilde, I.e. Polystichum affine, Ledebour, Fl. Ross. Vol. IV. p. 515. Dryopteris affinis, Newm. Nat. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 187.
Fronds commonly arching backwards, at least when large. Stipes rather short ; scales rather numerous, diaphanous pale brown, slightly ciliate, the lowest ones broadly lanceolate, the upper ones linear, inter- mixed with numerous flexuous-like ones, almost all falling off early and leaving the rachis naked. Lamina rather flaccid, bright glistening green, with white hyaline scales when it is unfolding, ultimately bright green, a little paler beneath, where it is not glandular even on the rachis, broadly elliptical-oblong or oblanceolate-obiong, pinnate ; lowest pinna? broader than the others and more triangular, and as well as those up to the middle of the frond spreading or even decurved, all of them flat, pinnate ; pinnules not contiguous, strap-shaped or the lower ones triangular-strapshaped, attached by a base which is narrower than the lower part of the pinnule, inciso-serrate, or some of them near the base even pinnatifid, with the serrature sometimes again serrate, tapering towards the subobtuse or subacute apex, flat. Indusium rather large, regularly convex, with the margins not incurved round the sporangia, glabrous. Spores with a few small rather inconspicuous separate tubercles.
Yar. y. paleacea. Moore.
L. pseudo-mas, Wollaston, Phyt. ser. ii. 1855, p. 172. Lowe, Nat. Ferns, Vol. I. p. 280. L. Filix-mas, var. Borreri. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 447. Nephrodium Filix-mas, var. Borreri, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. Aspidium paleaceum, Don, Prod. Fl. Nepaul, p. 4. A. patentissimum, Wallich, Cat. p. 340. A. Donnianum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. Vol. IV. pp. 2, 320. A. Wallichianum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. Vol. IV. p. 101.
i 2
60 ENGLISH BOTANY.
A. parallelogramimi, Eunze, Linnea, Vol. XIII. p. 146.
A. criuitum, Martins & Galeotti, Foug. Mex. p. 66.
A. adnatum, Blume, Enum. Fil. Ger. p. 62.
Dicuasium patentissimum, A. Braun, Fl. 1841, p. 710.
D. parallelograranm, A. Braun, Fl. 1811, p. 710.
(I rely on Dr. Milde and Mr. Moore for the above synonyms. See Nat. Print. Brit.
Ferns, 8vo. ed. pp. 178-179.) Dryopteris Borreri, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 189.
Fronds erect. Stipes rather short ; scales very numerous, firm, at first brown, ultimately dark fulvous or maroon, generally with a maroon-coloured spot or stripe at the base, ciliate, the lowest ones broadly lanceolate, the upper ones linear, intermixed with very numerous firm hair or bristle-like ones, almost all persistent so that the rachis is permanently scaly. Lamina subcoriaceous, yellowish- green tinged with olive, with bright fulvous scales when it is un- folding, ultimately dark green, conspicuously paler and sometimes subglaucous beneath, where it is not glandular even on the rachis, oblong or narrowly elliptical-oblong, pinnate ; lowest pinnae very slightly broader than the others, and as well as those in the middle of the stem spreading at right angles to the racbis or slightly pointing towards the apex of the frond, pinnate, all of them flat or slightly concave ; pinnules contiguous, strapshaped or oblong- strapshaped, attached by a base which is commonly broader than the rest of the pinnule, or in very luxuriant specimens narrower than the lower part of the pinnule, not tapering to the very obtuse apex, faintly crenate-serrate, or rarely inciso-serrate, flat or with the apices slightly bent inwards. Indusium small, very convex, with the margins incurved over the sporangia, glabrous. Spores with a few rather large blunt separate tubercles.
Var. (?) S. pumila. Moore.
" Aspidium Filix-mas, var. recurvum, Francis, Anal. Brit. Ferns, p. 36," teste Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 193.
Fronds inclining backwards. Stipes very short ; scales numerous, rather thin, pale ferruginous concolorous, fimbriate-ciliate, studded with a few minute glands, the lower ones lanceolate, the upper ones linear, intermingled with rather numerous flexuous hair-like ones, most of them subpersistent so that the rachis is permanently more or less scaly. Lamina subcoriaceous, bright green with very pale scales when it is unfolding, afterwards dark green, only slightly paler beneath, where it is minutely glandular elliptical or oblong- elliptical, pinnate ; lowest pinnae a little broader and more triangular
FILICES. 61
than the others, and as well as those near the hottom of the stem deflexed ; the rest spreading at right angles, pinnatipartite or pinnatifid, more or less concave ; pinnules or ultimate segments contiguous or overlapping, oblong, attached by a base which is wider than the rest of the segment, not tapering to the very obtuse apex, crenate-serrate or inciso-serrate, more or less twisted, and with the apices bent inwards. Indusium small, very convex, with the margins incurved over the sporangia, sprinkled all over with minute glands. Spores with numerous minute contiguous tubercles.
Var. e. abbreviata. Bab.
L. abbreviata, Wollaston, Pbyt. 1855, p. 172.
L. propinqua, ' Wollaston.' Lowe, Nat. Ferns, Vol. I. p. 280 (1865) (non Presl and
J. Smith). Nepbrodium Filix-mas, var. abbreviatum, Hooh.Jil. Stud. Fl. p. 465 ? Aspidium abbreviatum, Poiret, Encyc. Bot. Suppl. Vol. I. p. 516 ? A. Filix-rnas, var. glandulosum, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 123. Polysticbum abbreviatum, DC. Fl. Fr. Vol. II. p. 560? P. Filix-mas, var. abbreviatum, Gren. & Goclr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 631 ? Dryopteris abbreviata, Newm. Hist. Fil. ed. iii. p. 192 ?
Fronds inclining backwards. Stipes very short ; scales numerous, rather thin, pale ferruginous concolorous, flmbriate-ciliate, studded with numerous minute glands, the lower ones ovate-lanceolate, the upper linear, intermingled with a few flexuous hair-like ones, most of them deciduous, so that ultimately the rachis is nearly naked. Lamina firm but scarcely subcoriaceous, bright green, with very pale scales when it is unfolding, afterwards rather dull green, only slightly paler beneath, where it is thickly and minutely glandular, oblong or nar- rowly oblong, pinnate ; lowest pinnae scarcely broader than the others, and as well as those about the middle of the lamina spreading nearly at right angles to the rachis, the uppermost ones inclining a little towards the apex of the frond, pinnate, slightly concave ; pinnules not contiguous, strapshaped-oblong, attached by a base which is narrower than the rest of the segment, tapering scarcely or but slightly to the obtuse apex, inciso-crenate or serrate, with the crenatures often again crenate, very slightly twisted and with the apices slightly bent inwards. Indusium small, very convex, with the margins incurved round the sporangia, sprinkled all over with minute glands. Spores with very numerous and very minute contiguous tubercles.
Yar. a, common in pastures or heaths, and by roadsides, rarely in woods, generally distributed in England, Scotland, and Ireland.
62 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Tar. ft, common in woods and bushy places, more rarely in open ground, but generally distributed.
Yar. y, in open ground and woods, common and probably generally distributed, extending north to Orkney, where I have seen it at Eamsdale, Orphir, and in Firth.
Yar. 8, apparently rare, and according to Mr. Moore " it seems con- fined to North Wales and to alpine localities," Snowdon (Mr. D. Cameron), and Llysgwyn (Mr. S. 0. Gray). I have a specimen from Teesdale, collected by the late Mr. A. 0. Black ; this is named abbre- viata, but it is not the plant intended by me under that name. Probably some of the stations for abbreviata belong to what I regard as pumila. The plant growing in Scalpa Bay seems to be Moore's crispa, which I refer to pumila. Yar. subintegra, Moore, I have not seen, but judging from descriptions, it must be referred to pumila ; it was gathered at Ennis, county Clare, Ireland.
Yar. e, apparently scarce. Langdale (Mr. Gr. B. AYollaston) ; Borrowdale, Cumberland (Mr. R. B. Harrison), judging from plate of abbreviata cristata of Lowe's 'Native Ferns.' Ashurst Park, Tunbridge Wells (Mrs. Bolland), judging from figure 188 of Lowe's ' Native Ferns.'
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Very variable in size, according to its place of growth. Yar. a has a stout caudex, with a few short decumbent divisions about the thick- ness of a man's wrist ; the fronds are 9 inches to 3 feet high, by 3 to 8 inches wide ; the stipes is stout (in large specimens the size of a goose- quill), 3 to 7 inches long, and contains at least 5 vascular bundles, generally 7, and near the base often a greater number. The sori occupy the apical half or two-thirds of the frond. Bachis unrolling in advance of the pinnaa, the apex of the frond hanging down like a shepherd's crook, afterwards becoming erect.
Yar. /3 is probably merely a nemoral form of var. a; it grows to a much larger size, often 4 or 5 feet high, or even more, by 9 to 15 inches broad, or even more. The stipes is 6 inches to 1 foot long. The texture of the frond is thinner, more shining, and is less rigid than var. a ; the pinnules are more separated, more taj^ering, much more strongly serrate or incised, and often those near the base of the lower pinnas are pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, with the divisions again serrate. The indusia, however, are rather smaller if not absolute! v at least comparatively, and the sori are generally less numerous, not occupying such a large part of the apical portion of the frond. The spores of the specimens I have examined are smaller, and with less elevated tubercles.
FILICES. 63
Yar. y is a firmer and more upright plant than either of the pre- ceding ; it is about a week or ten days later in unfolding its fronds in spring than the plants of the other form growing side by side with it, and it bears a greater degree of frost ; for although in Fife it is always killed by the winter's frosts on exposed hillsides, in woods the fronds survive the winter, and, unless broken down by snow, remain upright as well as green until early spring ; while var. a growing with it hardly ever survives as long as the new year, and even if the fronds remain green till then, the stipes, which is weaker, gives way, and they lie flat on the ground. The much greater number of scales on the stipes and rachis, and their per- sistence, is also a marked feature ; but perhaps the most striking is the shape of the indusium. In all forms of Filix-mas the indusium is firmer, more convex, and more persistent, than in any other British Fern ; but in var. paleacea these characters are most pronounced. In vars. genuina and ajinis the free or anterior margin of the indusium is not incurved ; it looks like a watch-glass over the sporangia, with the notch where it is attached to the vein not reaching the middle of the indusium, and represented by a shallow pit connected by a furrow with the reniform posterior margin. In var. paleacea the free margins are incurved, and the notch extends further into the indusium, so that it is not merely reniform in outline, but actually resembles a miniature sheep's kidney with the ends brought together. In size it varies much, according to its place of growth. I have Monmouthshire specimens in good fruit less than a foot long by 4 inches broad, and in woods at Balmuto it grows 5 feet long by I foot broad, with a stipes the thick- ness of a man's little finger, and containing 11 vascular bundles when cut halfway between the caudex and the beginning of the lamina. I much regret that the name Borreri, by which the plant is generally known in this country, cannot be retained, in accordance with the riirid rules of Fern-nomenclature, as Don described it under the name
• - it'll-
of Aspidium paleaceum, fifty-one years before Newman published it as Dryopteris Borreri.
Yar. 8. pumila much resembles a dwarf form of genuina, but the scales are more numerous and darker. The chief distinction lies in the minute glands, with which not only the under-surface of the frond but even the indusium is dotted. I have no authentic wild specimens. The cultivated plant I obtained from Messrs. Sang, nurserymen, Kirkcaldy, and believe it to be correctly named. It has fronds 6 or 7 inches long by 2 broad, and is remarkable for the extreme shortness of the stipes, which is only A to 1 inch long. The points of the pinnce are bent upwards and slightly twisted, so as to give a crisped appearance to the frond. Mr. Black's Teesdale speci- mens, which I refer to pumila, are 8 or 9 inches long by 3 inches broad, with petioles about 1| inch long. Both of these have but from 1 to 3 sori on each pinna or ultimate segment, so that they are in a row on each side of the midrib, which appears to be one of the
C4 ENGLISH BOTANY.
characters relied on to distinguish the var. ahbreviata from ordinary Filix-mas. But this is simply the effect of depauperisation. Starved plants of vars. genuina and paleacea may he found in the same con- dition : when such do produce sori, the difference can only he relied on as an evidence that pumila and ahbreviata helong to a smaller form or race than vars. <x, /3, and y ; for these three when so small as ordi- nary wild specimens of vars. pumila and ahbreviata produce no sori at all. The form called crispa by Mr. Moore seems the same as a plant which I gatnered at Scalpa, and is much more robust than pumila, being from 8 to 18 inches high. The 8-inch specimens have mostly but 1 or 2 sori on each pinnule, while the larger examples have 6 or 8 on the basal ones. It has much the habit of paleacea, but has scales like those of pumila, and glandular fronds and indusia. It is remarkable for its crowded overlapping pinnules, which are imbricated one over the other, the anterior edge of each being turned upwards. Each pinnule has its edges reflexed, so that it is convex on the upper side, but the apex is bent upwards, so that the pinna, taken as a whole, is concave.
Var. e agrees with pumila in its very short rachis and numerous glandular scales with toothed margins, thicker and darker-coloured than those of vars. genuina and qffinis, but thinner and less bristly than those of paleacea. The fronds and the indusia have more nume- rous glands than in var. 8. pumila; the pinnules, at least towards the base of the pinnae, are separate from each other, and much less twisted. The lower pair of pinnae are not so much shorter than the succeeding pair, and the frond when fully developed is more parallel- sided, and thinner in texture and of a yellower green. Indeed, but for the short stipes and firmer indusium they might be mistaken for those of L. rigida by a casual observer. A cultivated plant which I had from Messrs. Sang, of Kirkcaldy (who got it from the late Dr. Lyell, of Xewburgh) has the fronds 10 to 15 inches long by 3 to 5 inches broad, and the stipes 1 to 1\ inches long; but others received from Mr. TTollaston, originally from Langdale, have the fronds 3 feet 6 inches long and 7 inches broad ; and the stipes 5 or 6 inches long. Mr. Moore says (" Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo. ed., vol. i. p. 129), "Indusium fringed with glands." But I have never seen this ; they are dotted with glands, but not fringed.
Mr. Lowe says of his ahbreviata that" specimens would have readily divided into no less than 20 distinct plants, and this seemed to be quite a character of the variety." I have not had the opportunity to verify this record, which would make ahbreviata a multiceps form, not a pauciceps form, as ordinary Filix-mas.
Mr. G-. B. Wollaston, who has paid great attenlion to the Ferns of the Filix-mas group, thinks there are 3 distinct species included under this name: 1, L. Filix-mas, which includes vars. genuina and a 'Wnis; 2. L. pseudo-mas, equivalent to var. paleacea; and 3, L. ahbre- viata (Phyt. 1855, p. 172) or L. propinqua (Lowe, * Native Fernsy'
FILICES. 65
vol. i. p. 234). Apparently his abbreviata in the * Phytologist ' included the var. pumila, but in Lowe's ' Native Ferns' pumila is arranged under pseudo-mas (Lowe, 1. c. p. 280).
If we had merely the forms affinis, paleacea and abbreviata, I should certainly have described them as subspecies, but with vars. genuina and pumila the chief forms are so connected that I am unable to separate them as subspecies.
The present species is readily distinguished from L. Oreopteris by having the frond much less tapered towards the base, and the sori remote from the margins of the pinnules. The indusium is very different, being firm, reniform, and persistent.
L. Filix-mas is one of the Ferns which delight fern-growers, from the number of abnormal forms of the fronds which occur. Some of these, which have the ends of the pinnae and apex of the stem cleft, are extremely beautiful, while others in which the pinnae are much reduced are at least curious, if not beautiful.
The caudex of the male fern has long had a reputation as an anthel- mintic or vermifuge. The caudex must be gathered between the end of May and the middle of September, and after being dried in the shade, powdered and kept in well- closed bottles. The powder loses its virtue if kept much longer than a year.
Male-fern, or Male Shield-fern.
SPECIES IV.— L ASTREA RIGID A. Pred.
Plate 1851.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 89.
Nephrodiuni rigidum, Desv. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil.
ed. ii. p. 275. Aspidium rigidum, Swartz. Hook, in Suppl. Eng. Bot. No. 2724. Milde, Fil. Europ.
p. 126. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Babenh. 1. c. No. 89. A. fragrans, Gray, Nat. Ar. Brit. PI. p. 9. Polystichum rigidum, DC. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 979. Gren. &
Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 632. P. strigosum, Both. Tent. Fl. Germ. p. 86. Polypodium rigidum, Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. Vol. II. p. 6. P. fragrans, Yillars, Hist. Plant. Dauph. Vol. III. p. 43, non Linn. Lophodium fragrans, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, App. p. xxi. L. rigidum, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 176.
Caudex short, stout, thick, separating into numerous small divisions, which are moderately thick, very short, and closely packed together, closely covered by the imbricated bases of former fronds. Fronds all similar ; several produced close together from the extremity of each crown, erect or -ascending, deciduous. Stipes rather long (one-fifth as
vol. xir. K
66 ENGLISH BOTANY.
long to nearly as long as the lamina), rather stout, flattened or only slightly channelled on the anterior face, even in the upper part containing 5 vascular bundles, thickly sprinkled with minute sessile glands, and rather thickly clothed with numerous lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate acuminate denticulate brown conspicuously glandular scales, which are subpersistent, or more rarely partially or wholly persistent. Lamina firm, dull greyish-green, thickly sprinkled with glands on both sides at least when young, strapshaped-oblong or narrowly triangular-oblong, tapering gradually to the apex, very abrupt at the base, bipinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae triangular or triangular-strapshaped, about as long as any of the succeeding pairs, all of them shortly stalked, pinnate, flat or slightly concave ; ultimate pinnules oblong or oblong-strapshaped, or strapshaped-triangular, scarcely falcate, not decurrent on either side of base, obtuse or sub- acute, pinnatifidly lobed, with the lobes serrate, the serratures generally very sharp but not spinous-pointed. Ultimate veins running from the midrib to just within the margins of the lobes or ultimate segments of the pinnules, with each venule running into a tooth. Sori placed on the pinnce of the upper half or two-thirds of the frond, attached to the back of the anterior venule of the ultimate lobes, forming a line on each side of the main vein of the pinnules con- siderably more approximate to it than to the margin of the pinnule, extending nearly to the apex of the pinnules, sometimes at the base of the pinnules, also on 2 or more branches of the vein. Indusium firm, persistent, roundish-reniforrn, convex, often very much so, sprinkled with conspicuous glands over the whole surface. Spores bluntly tuberculate with a few large blunt tubercles. No sterile fronds dissimilar to the fertile ones.
On rocks and amongst broken limestone in mountainous districts, very local. Silverdale, near the top lock, Lancaster and Kendal Canal, North Lancashire ; Allermine rocks, above Settle ; south-east side of Ingleborough ; White Scars, above Ingleton, Yorkshire; Arnside Knot, Hutton Eoof Craigs, and Farlton Knot, Westmore- land ; and indeed over the whole tract between Arnside Knot and Ingleborough. It is recorded from Wolston Moss, near Warrington, Mr. W. Christy, but this requires confirmation. A single plant was found near Bath, probably planted ; and it has been gathered in Ireland, on a clay slate wall near Towaly, Drogheda, no doubt planted (Cyb. Hib.).
England, [Ireland]. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
FILICES. 67
Stipes from the thickness of a crow-quill to that of a goose-quill, 3 inches to 1 foot long ; in the latter case (a plant from Ingleborough collected by Mr. Baker) the lamina is 14 inches long and 5 inches broad ; in another Ingleborough specimen from the late Mr. A. 0. Black, the rachis is 10 inches long, and the frond 14 inches by 5 inches. The colour and texture of the lamina is not unlike that of Polypodium Robertianum, no doubt on account of the small whitish glands with which the plant is so thickly sprinkled even on the upper side. The under side of the frond is much paler than the upper. The scales on the lower part of the stipes vary from ovate-lanceolate to lanceo- late; those on the upper part of the stipes, rachis, and secondary rachides are much narrower. The pinnae are spreading or ascending- spreading, and do not decrease in size towards the base, indeed the lowest pair is frequently actually longer than the succeeding pairs. The pinnules are not contiguous, the lower ones at least attached by a narrow base, which is frequently more or less auricled on account of their lowest lobes being larger than the rest, they taper slightly towards the apex. They are conspicuously fringed with minute stalked glands. Indusia yellow, but ultimately appearing lead-colour from the dark-coloured sporangia showing through, as in Filix-mas.
L. rigida is not unlike the abbreviata form of Filix-mas, but has a much longer stipes, a more opaque frond, which is very much more glandular, and is more abrupt at the base from the great size of the lower pair of pinnae. The indusia are thinner, less deeply notched and with much larger and more conspicuous glands, which are evidently stalked. The multiceps caudex is very different from that of any form of L. Filix-mas I have seen.
I am indebted to Mr. Charles Bailey, of Manchester, for a living plant from Arnside Knot.
Rigid Shield-fern.
SPECIES V.— LAST RE A RE MOT A. Moore.
Plate 1852.
Nephrodiura remotuni, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466.
N. spinulosum, var. remotum, Hook. & Bale. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 275.
Aspidium remotum, A. Broun. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 125.
A. rigidum, /?. remotum, A. Braun in Doll. Fl. Eheinl. p. 16.
" A. Filix-mas, var. elongatum, Hoolc. Spec. Fil. Vol. IV. p. 117." Milde.
" Caudex stout, unusually upright " (Clowes, in lit.). Fronds all similar, erect, " deciduous" (Lowe). Stipes rather long (about one- fourth the length of the lamina), channelled on the anterior face, containing 7 vascular bundles, without glands and with very numerous scales, the lowest of which are ovate, acuminate or cuspidate and
K 2
68 ENGLISH BOTANY.
pale brown, the upper lanceolate intermixed with hair-like ones ; these two last commonly having a darker shade in the centre towards the base ; all of them more or less persistent. Lamina firm, bright green, without glands, elliptical-strapshaped or strapshaped-oblong, rather abruptly acuminate and rather abrupt at the base, bipinnate ; lowest pair of pumas triangular-strapshaped, shorter than the suc- ceeding pair, but not very much so, all of them shortly stalked? pinnate, flat ; pinnules oblong or oblong-elliptical, or the basal ones triangular-lanceolate, not falcate, not decurrent on either side of the base, subobtuse or subacute, the basal ones pinnatipartite, with the lobes serrate at the apex, the others inciso-serrate ; serratures very sharp, but not spinous-pointed. Ultimate veins running from the midrib to just within the margins of the lobes or ultimate seg- ments of the pinnules, once forked or simple, with each posterior venule running into a tooth. Sori occupying the whole of the frond* attached to the back of the anterior venule of the ultimate lobes, or on the largest lobes to two or three of the lowest ultimate venules of the lobe, forming a line on each side of the main vein of the pinnules, much nearer to it than to the margin of the pinnules, extending nearly to the apex of the pinnules. Indusium rather firm, persistent, roundish-reniform, erose on the margins, without glands. Spores bluntly tuberculated. No sterile fronds dissimilar to the fertile ones.
Windermere, Westmoreland ; first observed by Mr. Isaac Huddart growing in company with L. Filix-mas, vars. incisa and abbreviata, L. spinulosa, and L. dilatata, and about 5 miles from limestone rocks, where L. rigida is abundant. (Mr. Frederick Clowes in Phyt. 1860, p. 227.)
England. Perennial. Autumn.
Frond resembling in outline that of L. Filix-mas, var. genuina, but with a longer stipes, 3 to 4 feet high, of which the stipes is 9 inches to 1 foot long. PinnaB pointing upwards at an acute anole, longest in the middle of the frond, the longest 5 or 6 inches long ; pinnules in the middle of the frond ^ to 1 inch long.
L. remota differs from L. Filix-mas in its longer stipes and more compound fronds. The pinnules are not contiguous and are attached by a narrow base to the partial rachis ; they are nearly equally cut in on both the anterior and posterior sides, so that the basal ones are almost stalked, with a tendency to be broadest near the middle or a little below it, and are so deeply pinnatipartite that the frond be- comes almost tripinnate. The partial rachis is winged, with a narrow
FILICES. 69
herbaceous stripe connecting the pinnules, which are less decidedly opposite than those of L. Filix-mas ; and the lobes of the pinnules have a more decided mid-vein giving off branches than even var. affinis of L. Filix-mas, though it does obtain to some extent in the more divided forms of that variety ; even in these, however, the pinnules, except those at the bottom of the pinna?, are narrowed at the base only on the anterior side and decurrent on the posterior side. In L. remota the sori are placed in a line which is much closer to the midrib of the pinnules than in L. Filix-mas. The scales also are different, being more varied in form on the same individual, and those at the base of the stipes are broader. The indusium is smaller, thinner in texture, and with the depression of the notch less marked than in Filix-mas, and the edges are finely denticulate.
From L. rigida it differs in its much longer fronds, which have the basal pinna? conspicuously smaller than the succeeding ones, and all of them making a much smaller angle with the rachis. The pinnules are much larger, and are not to be auricled at the base, as is so frequently the case with L. rigida ; and there is an absence of the conspicuous glands with which the rachis scales, upper and under sides of the lamina and indusia are studded. The ultimate veins are more clavate at the apex than in any of the preceding species of Lastrea.
Its difference from L. spinulosa will be noticed under that species.
Of this plant I have seen no living specimens, nor do I possess dried native specimens. I have received dried cultivated specimens from Windermere, from Mr. G. B. Wollaston, through the kindness of Messrs. F. Currie and C. E. Broome ; and also from Messrs. E. Sang and Sons, Kirkcaldy, who had the frond from Mr. Lowe, of Nottingham. The caudex and vernation I am therefore unable to describe from personal experience ; but Mr. F. Clowes writes con- cerning the former, " A single crown of it, if let alone, will grow up like a tree-fern, and requires support to prevent it being broken by the wind." In his paper in the 2nd ser. of ' Phytologist,' 1860, p. 220, of the vernation he says, " Forms side loops like spinulosa ; tip not so disengaged as to form the ' shepherd's crook ' ;" and of the pinna? he says, " Lower ones obliquely triangular from the greater length of posterior basal pinnules ; the surface more or less twisted upwards." Here we have two additional differences from Filix-mas in which the well-known " shepherd's crook," formed by the top uncurling frond, is particularly observable and forms a marked feature (though it is said to be imperfectly formed in var. abbreviata), while the second point is the twisting of the pinnae as in L. spinulosa and L. uliginosa, so that their plane does not coincide with that of the frond as a whole, which it does in Filix-mas.
Milde says that the original discoverer of this plant, the late Professor A. Braun, now (1867) considers this plant a form of Filix- mas ; but Milde himself inclines to the opinion that it is a hybrid
70 EXGLISH BOTANY.
between Filix-mas and spinulosa ; and Mr. Clowes writes, " I have no doubt that L. remota of Moore and Braim is a hybrid. It has been sown over and over again, and always produced L. Filix-mas, var. paleacea. I do not know whether L. dilatata or spinulosa has ever come up from its spores ; but as the plant called L. remota has never come from its spores, I cannot think it a species or variety. I do not know whether it is a hybrid between L. Filix-mas and L. dilatata or L. spinulosa."
It appears to be a plant of extreme rarity, as only 3 stations are known for it — namely, near the Cataract of Geroldsau, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, where it was found growing with L. spinulosa and Filix-mas by A. Braun in 1834; in the Aachener-Busch, between Aix-la-Chapelle and Altenberg, found by Braun in 1859 ; and at Windermere, in 1854, by Messrs. Huddart and Clowes, but it was not recognised till sent to Mr. T. Moore in 1859. In 1870 the late Mr. J. Ward sent to the Botanical Exchange Club some examples of a Fern from the Black Plantation, near Richmond, Yorkshire, July 1870. The specimens were named by Mr. Ward ' L. dilatata, var/ Mr. H. C. Watson named them ' spinulosa.' I was inclined to refer them to Filix-mas, var. incisa. The specimens are almost barren, and evidently malformed ; but, except for the shorter and broader fronds (1^- to 2 feet by 5 to 8 inches), less acute teeth, and the shorter stipes, they agree best with L. remota. It is to be hoped that some botanist will examine the locality.
Remote Shield-fern.
SPECIES VI.-L ASTREA CRISTATA. PresL Plate 1853. Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 17. L. cristatum (type) T. Moore, Phyt. 1851, p. 149, and Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed.
Vol. I. p. 209. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 447. L. cristatum a. Callipteris, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 585. L. Callipteris, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 12. Nephrodium cristatum, Mich. (type). Hoolc. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. Hooker & Baler, Syn.
Fil. ed. ii. p. 273. Aspidium cristatum, Svcartz. Smith, Eng. Bot. No. 2125 ; and Eng. Flora, Vol. IV.
p. 289. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Rabenh. 1. c. No. 17. A. cristatum (type), Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 129. Polystichum cristatum, Both. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 978. Gren. &
Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 631. P. Callipteris, DC. Fl. Fr. ed. iii. Vol. II. p. 562. Polypodium cristatum, Linn. Sp. Plant, p. 1551.
P. Callipteris, Ehrhart, Beitr. zur Naturk. Vol. III. p. 77, non ' Wilms.' (Milde). Lophodium Callipteris, Newman, Phyt. 1851, App. p. six. ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii.
p. 170.
FILICES.
71
Caudex elongate, rather thick, separating into numerous small divisions which are moderately thick, elongate, and creeping, except where the plant grows in dry ground (when the crowns are closely packed together), partially covered by the more or less separated bases of former fronds. Fronds of 2 kinds, a few produced close together from the extremity of each division or crown, deciduous, sub-evergreen. Fertile fronds quite erect. Stipes rather long (from one-third as long- to as long as the lamina), stout, deeply channelled on the anterior lace, containing 5 vascular bundles, without glands, more or less sparsely clothed with broadly-ovate cuspidate concave entire very pale brown subpersistent scales. Lamina firm, rather pale yellowish-green, glabrous and without glands, strapshaped, abruptly acuminate at the apex, very abrupt at the base, pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae deltoid or deltoid-triangular, about the same length and form as 3 or -4 of the succeeding pairs, but shorter than those in the middle of the frond, which are triangular, all of them shortly stalked, pinnatipartite, or the lower ones almost pinnate towards the base ; pinnules or ultimate segments oblong, attached by the whole breadth of their base, decur- rent on the lower side, the lowest pair on each pinna alone partially separated on both sides from the wing of the partial rachis to which the segments are attached, more or less serrate or doubly serrate; those nearest the rachis sometimes lobed or almost pinnatifid ; teeth incurved upwards, acute, or some of them mucronate. Ultimate veins slightly impressed on the upper surface, running from the midrib to the margin of the segments, clavate, forked or alternately branched, according to the size of the lobe ; some at least of the venules running into teeth. Sori confined to the pinnae of the upper half of the frond, attached to the back of the anterior branch of the ultimate veins, forming a line on each side of the mid-vein of the segment of the pinna nearly equidistant from it and the margin of the pinnule or segment and extending nearly to the apex of the pinnules, sometimes also at the base of the pinnule on 2 or more branches of the vein. Indusium thin, soon shrivelling, subpersistent, roundish-reniform, flat, slightly erose, but without glands either on the margin or surface. Spores tuberculate, with large sparse rounded tubercles. Barren fronds numerous, arching greatly backwards, much shorter than the fertile fronds, and with a short, slender stipes. Lamina oblong or elliptical-oblong, tapering gradually from •| of the frond to the apex, thinner in texture than that of the fertile frond, pinnate • pinnae approximate, pinnatipartite ; ultimate segment
72 ENGLISH BOTANY.
broadly oblong, closely approximate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, evenly toothed and with the teeth shorter than in the fertile frond, and not mucronate.
In bogs and on wet heaths, especially among Alder bushes. Yery local. At Tritton Decoy, near the old decoy at Mestleton, and Bexley Decoy, near Ipswich, Suffolk ,• Edgefield Heath, near Holt (Mr. Wiugham) ; Lurlingham Broad (Rev. \Y. S. Hoare) ; Lezeak, (Rev. John Freeman) ; Higham Sounds, near Burnley Hall (A. 0. Black) ; Holt Lows (Rev. W. H. G-irdlestone) ; Derlingham and Bawsey Heath, near Lynn ; Fakenham and Wymondham, Norfolk ; Hunting- donshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley) ; Madeley bog, near Newcastle-under- Lyme,, Staffordshire ; Oxton bogs, Nottingham ; Achmere, Delamere Forest (J. F.Robinson); Wybunbury bog, Cheshire; Malton, York- shire, " Messrs. Monkman and J. Mackle " (Lowe). Reported also from Bedford and Worcestershire. In Scotland the only known station is in a bog beyond Crofthead, near Xeilston, Renfrewshire, 1 2 miles south-west of Glasgow.
England, Scotland. Perennial. Autumn.
Caudex slowly creeping, sometimes 2 feet long, about as thick as a man's thumb or more, the branches terminated by crowns, which advance each year; but when growing in dry soil the plant becomes tufted, as the divisions of the caudex do not elongate, but remain closely packed together, forming a many-headed caudex. Fertile fronds 18 inches to 3 feet high, of which the lamina is 9 to 18 inches, and 3 to 5 inches broad, very stiffly erect, with the pinnae rather distant, 5 or more of the lower pairs broader shorter and more spreading than the succeeding ones ; all of them slightly twisted, so that their upper surface makes an angle with the general plane of the frond ; in vernation they are flat, and applied to the rachis. Barren fronds 6 to 18 inches long by 3 to 6 inches broad, the pinnae decreasing from the middle towards both base and apex, closer together, less acute than in the fertile fronds, and with the segments contiguous. Stipes slender, 3 to 6 inches long. Rachis of both barren and fertile fronds usually bare of scales.
I am indebted to Dr. J. Fraser for specimens of the barren fronds from \Vybunbury bog ; and also to Mr. J. F. Robinson, from Achmere. These fronds appear to be rare in herbaria, botanists satisfying themselves with collecting the fertile ones. I have never seen them deficient in the cultivated plant ; and though when weak it produces nothing else, yet as they are present whenever it is growing vigorously, they may be considered as a normal feature of its growth.
FILICES. 73
This plant cannot well be confounded with any British Fern, except L. uliginosa. The differences will be mentioned hereafter. Strangely enough, L. Filix-nias was figured in the original edition of ' English Botany,' No. 1949, for it. Smith says Mr. Sower by was deceived by a wrong specimen sent from the Isle of Wight, but that Filix-mas was never mistaken for cristata by him. I have long had the plant in cultivation from Edgefield and Bawsey Heath, sent me by the Rev. Kirby Trimmer ; it is much less vigorous than L. uliginosa and spinu- losa growing beside it.
Crested Shield-fern.
SPECIES VIL-L ASTREA ULIGINOSA. Newman.
Plate 1854.
Rabenk. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 19. Neicm. Phyt. 1849, p. 678.
L. cristata, var. (3. uliginosa, Moore, Phyt. 1851, p. 149 ; and Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,
8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 210. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 447. Hoolc. & Am. Brit.
Fl. ed. viii. p. 585. Ncphrodium cristatum, {3. uliginosum, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. Hook. & Bak. Syn.
Fil. ed. ii. p. 273. Aspidium cristatum, var. uliginosum, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 130. A. spinulosum x cristatum, Milde, Yerhandl. der Schles. Gesellsch. 1855, p. 64 ; and
Nov. Act. 1858, p. 532. Lasch. in Bot. Zeit. 1856, p. 435, teste Milde. Bdbenh.
I.e. No. 19. Lopbodium uliginosum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371 ; and App. XIX. Hist. Brit. Ferns,
ed. iii. p. 163.
Caudex short (or elongate when growing in bogs ?), rather thick, separating into numerous rather small divisions or crowns, which are moderately thick, short, and closely packed together (probably more elongate and creeping when growing in moist bogs ?), covered by the imbricated bases of former fronds. Fronds of two kinds, several produced close together round the extremity of each division or crown, deciduous. Fertile fronds stiffly erect. Stipes rather long (^ to nearly ^ the length of the lamina), stout, deeply channelled on the anterior face, containing 5 vascular bundles, without glands, more or less sparsely clothed with broadly-ovate cuspidate concave entire very pale brown snbpersistent scales. Lamina firm, deep yellowish-green, glabrous and without glands, strapshaped, tapering gradually to the apex, abrupt at the base, pinnate ; lowest pair of pinna3 deltoid-triangular, with the basal pinnules nearly equally long both above and below, about as long as the succeeding pair, the others becoming gradually longer and narrower till about the middle
VOL. XII. L
74 ENGLISH BOTANY.
of the lamina where they are narrowly triangular, after which they gradually diminish in length to the apex ; all of them shortly stalked, pinnate ; pinnules flat, elliptical-oblong, or those next the rachis oblong-triangular, attached by only a portion of their base, decurrent on the lower side ; the lowest pair on each pinna quite separated and almost stalked, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite with the lobes inciso-serrate ; the pinnules towards the apex of the pinnse less deeply pinnatifid, and those towards the apex simply inciso-serrate ; teeth incurved, acute, most of them mucronate. Ultimate veins deeply impressed on the upper surface, running from the midrib of the segments of the pinnules to their margins, clavate, all except the anterior one (which runs into the notch between the teeth), running into the teeth. Sori usually occupying the whole frond, attached to the back of the anterior branch of the ultimate veins, forming a line on each side of the ultimate segment of the pinnule in the lower pinnules, and of the pinnule or segment itself towards the apex of the pinnae, about midway between the mid-vein and the margin of the segment or pinnule, as the case may be, and extending nearly to the apex. Indusium thin, soon shrivelling, subpersistent, roundish- reniform, flat, slightly erose, but without glands either on the margin or surface. Spores abortive in all the specimens I have examined. Barren fronds numerous, arching backwards, much shorter than the fertile ones, and with a short, slender stipes. Lamina oblong, tapering gradually from the middle of the frond to the apex, thinner in texture than those of the fertile fronds, pinnate ; pinnse approxi- mate, pinnatipartite ; ultimate segments oblong, closely approximate, obtuse at the apex, doubly serrate, with the teeth incurved, short and scarcely mucronate.
In bogs, growing in company with L. cristata and L. spinulosa, very local. Bawsey Heath, Norfolk; Wybunbury bogs, Cheshire; Oxton bogs, Nottingham (Newman) ; Malton, Yorkshire (Monk- man). Reported from Epping Forest, Essex ; Castle Howard, York- shire, and Derwentwater, where L. cristata does not grow, but I doubt it being the true plant.
England. Perennial. Autumn.
Rootstock in the cultivated plant breaking into numerous crowns, which remain closely packed together ; they attain a larger size than those of L. cristata before they break, having often 6 or 8 fronds growing from a single one. No botanist seems to have published
FILICES. 75
any results of examination of the caudex of this Fern in its native localities, but it is very probable that the branches of the caudex, when it is growing in boggy soil, creep like those of L. cristata and spinulosa, both of which assume a tufted condition when grown in ordinary garden soil ; but L. uliginosa certainly forms larger crowns than either of the others when cultivated under precisely similar circumstances. Fertile fronds 18 inches to 3 feet high, and 4 or 5 inches broad ; pinnae rather distant, the lower ones spreading, the uppermost ones ascending, all somewhat twisted round so as to turn their upper surface to the sky. Barren fronds 8 to 12 inches long, by 2^ to 4 inches broad.
Occasionally late in the year fertile fronds shorter and less divided than the ordinary ones, and consequently much more resembling those of L. cristata than the ordinary ones, are produced ; but, as far as my experience goes, this is by no means a usual occurrence. It seems as if sori were produced on what ought to have been barren fronds.
A very puzzling plant, quite intermediate between L. cristata and L. spinulosa. It differs from the former in its longer, narrower, and more acute pinnae and more separated pinnules or ultimate segments, many of those next the rachis being pinnatifld, and with their lobes, as well as the margins of the segments towards the apex of the pinna?, much more deeply toothed, and the teeth more decidedly mucronate. The basal pinnules, from being more divided, instead of giving off veins from the midrib of the pinnule which run to the margin, give off flexuous veins, running into each lobe, and from this flexuous vein are given off ultimate veins, of which all but the first anterior branch run into the teeth, and terminate in a clavate apex before reaching the point of the tooth. All the veins are much more deeply impressed on the upper surface than those of L. cristata, consequently the surface of the frond is less smooth ; in fact, but for its rigid upright- ness and more spreading pinnse, it closely resembles the less divided and narrower states of L. spinulosa. I have never found mature spores in the sporangia of my cultivated plants, but that arises, no doubt, from their growing in too dry ground.
The barren fronds are much more like those of cristata than the fertile ones, indeed it would be scarcely possible to separate them if mixed up among each other ; usually, however, those of L. uliginosa are broader, with the pinnae more acute, the ultimate segments more nearly divided from each other, and more distinctly serrated. They are darker in colour and less smooth on the surface.
I have very little doubt of L. uliginosa being a hybrid between L. cristata and L. spinulosa. It appears to be found in company with them, but is certainly less abundant than L. cristata, and much less so than L. spinulosa : now if it were an intermediate state con- necting these two we should expect to find it, if not more abundant than either, more plentiful than one of them. If it really be an inter- mediate form I think Mr. T. Moore's view is the only one tenable,
76 ENGLISH BOTANY.
viz., that we must consider L. cristata, L. uliginosa, and L. spinulosa as one species. In the ' Phytologist ' for 1852, p. 694, Mr. Newman states that " he had possessed for at least 6 years a plant of that form of Lastrea usually known as cristata, but to which he wished to restrict the name Callipteris, by Ehrhardt. This plant originally came from Bawsey, and was most rigidly typical of its kind ; cultivated in a dry London atmosphere, it had strictly retained its original characters, except that, getting weaker year after year, it has grown small by degrees and beautifully less. The weather at last proved too dry, and this individual plant was planted in bog earth, abun- dantly supplied with water and placed in a close greenhouse, where the thermometer frequently rose above 90° Fahrenheit. Its growth became vigorous in the extreme, but this was not all. Frond after frond appeared, each receding more than the last from the typical figure of Callipteris, and approaching that of uliginosa, and at the present moment it has fronds evidently from the same cormus, which would serve admirably as representatives of both supposed species." I have tried treating L. cristata in this way for six years, but it has retained its typical form. Mr. Newman says that in spring it is 20 days later than multiflora (dilatata) in expanding, 10 days later than L. spinulosa, and from 10 to 15 days earlier than Callip- teris (cristata), which accords pretty well with my own experience, except that I find 10 instead of 20 days the difference between dilatata and spinulosa ; but Mr. Moore has never found any constancy in this respect with cultivated plants. The fronds of L. uliginosa last till December in ordinary years.
Milde quotes Aspidium Boottii, Tuckerman (A. spinulosum var. Boottii, Gray, Man. Bot. U. S.) as a synonym of L. uliginosa, and I have characteristic specimens of it from Christiania, sent by the late Professor Blyth, under the name " Polystichum spinulosum, var. fere P. Boottii, Americanorum," but in Gray's Manual the involucre of Boottii is said to be glandular, and the plant to be closely allied to the European form A. remotum, Braun, while in Hook, and Bak. Syn. Fil. it is referred to L. spinulosum, and L. collina, Newman, is given as a synon}Tm of var. Boottii. I have no specimens of it, and therefore I have not ventured to quote the American name.
Lloyd's Shield-fern.
SPECIES YIIL-LASTRE A SPINULOSA. Presl.
Plate 1855.
RabenJi. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 18.
L. spinosa, Newm. Nat. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 209.
L. cristata, var. spinulosa, Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 210.
Nephrodium spinulosum, " Best:" Hook.JU. Stud. Fl. p. 466.
N. spinulosum, a, Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 275.
FILICES. 77
Aspidium spinulosum, Swartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1460 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 292 (?)
Mllde, Fil. Europ. p. 132. A. spinulosum, var. a, Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. A. cristatum, var. spinulosum, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 885. Polystichuni spinulosum, a. vulgare, Kocli, Syn. " Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 979." Gren.
& Godr. Fl. de France, Vol. III. p. 632. P. spinosum, Roth, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 91, teste Neicm.
Polypodium spinulosum, Midler, " Fl. Fridrichsdal, 193, No. 811, t. ii. f. 2," teste Moore. Lophodium spinosum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371, and App. XVIII. ; and Hist. Brit.
Ferns, ed. iii. p. 157.
Cauclex short or elongate, rather thick, separating into numerous small divisions, which are moderately thick, more or less elongate and creeping, but sometimes (when growing in dry ground short and with the crowns closely packed together), partially covered by the more or less separated bases of former fronds. Fronds all similar, a few pro- duced from the extremity of each division or crown, sub-evergreen, erect, or more rarely inclining backwards. Stipes long (from one-third to quite the length of the lamina), rather stout, deeply channelled on the anterior face, containing 5 vascular bundles, usually without glands, rather sparsely clothed with ovate cuspidate concave entire very pale brown subpersistent scales, sometimes intermixed with lanceolate ones. Lamina firm, yellowish-green or deep green, glabrous and usually without glands, strapshaped or oblong-strap- shaped or lanceolate-oblong, tapering gradually towards the apex, abrupt at the base, bipinnate or almost tripinnate ; lowest pair of pinna? unequally triangular or deltoid-triangular, with the basal pinnules longer on the lower than on the upper side of the midrib, about as long as the succeeding pair of pinnae, the others becoming gradually longer and narrower as far as a little below the middle of the lamina, where they are narrowly triangular, after which they gradually diminish in length ; all of them shortly stalked, pinnate ; pinnules flat or convex, elliptical oblong, or the lower ones oblong-triangular, attached by a very small portion of the centre of their base, the basal ones of the lower pinna? not decurrent and frequently shortly stalked, usually only those towards the apices of the upper pinna? decurrent ; lower ones pinnatipartite or deeply pinnatifid, with the lobes inciso-serrate, those pinnules towards the apex of the pinna? less deeply pinnatifid, and those at the apex only inciso-serrate ; teeth scarcely incurved, strongly mucronate. Ultimate veins deeply impressed on the upper surface, all except the anterior one (which runs into the notch between the lobes) running into the teeth. Sori usually occupying the whole frond, except the lowest pair of pinnae,
78 ENGLISH BOTANY.
but sometimes confined to its upper half, attached to the back of the anterior branch of the ultimate veins, forming a line on each side of the midrib of the ultimate segment of the pinnule nearer the midrib than the margin of the pinnule or segment as the case may be. and extending nearly to its apex. Indusium thin, soon shrivelling, sub- persistent, roundish-reniform, flat, entire or remotely denticulate, but without glands either on the margin or surface. Spores tuber- culate, with sparse large rounded tubercles. No barren fronds unlike the fertile ones.
Yar. a. elevatum. Aspidium spinulosum, var. elevatum, A. Braun. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 133.
Rachis without glands. Lamina firm, yellowish-green, without glands, strapshaped or oblong-strapshaped, nearly parallel-sided. Indusium nearly entire, without glands on the margin.
Yar. /3. exaltatum. Aspidium spinulosum, var. exaltatum, Lascli. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 132.
Rachis without glands. Lamina thin, deep green without glands, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, more or less curved-sided. Indusium nearly entire, without glands on the margin.
Yar. y. decipiens.
Rachis sprinkled with minute stalked glands. Lamina firm, yellowish-green, with minute clavate glands beneath, oblong-strap- shaped or lanceolate-oblong. Indusium dentate, with the teeth usually without glands.
Yar. a in bogs and on heaths. Yar. j3 in woods. Both forms rather common, and generally distributed in England. More rare in Scotland, and certainly occurring as far north as Aberdeen, Perth and Inverness, and recorded as far north as Elgin, Ross and the Isle of Lewis. Sparingly distributed throughout Ireland from south to north. Yar. y, wood below Linley, near Broseley, Salop, Mr. Gr. Moore (sub nom. " L. dilatata /B. glandulosa ") ; roadside between Inver Cloy and Brodick Castle, Arran. Perhaps some of the forms referred to L. glandulosa, which are said to have creeping caudices, belong to this variety of spinulosa, though Mr. F. Clowes dis- tinguishes ' glandulose spinulosa ' from ' glandulosa ' at Windermere.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
FILICES. 79
Caudex slowly creeping when growing in boggy soil or leaf-mould, in which case the divisions extend and separate the crowns from each other, but when the plant grows in dry soil the divisions do not elongate and the crowns remain close together, so that the plant has a number of small tufts. Fronds 9 inches to 3 feet high or more, of which the stipes is usually about half, but sometimes less, and some- times a little more. Tar. a has the lamina firm, nearly parallel- sided, 6 inches long by 2i inches broad to 18 inches long by 5 broad, yellowish-green, with the pinnae pointing upwards ; in this state it closely resembles the fertile fronds of L. uliginosa, but the frond is more divided ; the basal pinnae have most of their pinnules separated, and the two pinnules at the bottom of the pinnae on the lower side of the pinnules are much longer than on the upper side, and though this occasionally happens in L. uliginosa it is to a far less extent. The pinnad are longer, and form a more acute angle with the rachis, they are not so much twisted out of the plane of the lamina, so that their upper surface is not so horizontal. Tar. ft attains a considerably larger size, and is broader and less parallel- sided, being from a foot long by 5 inches broad to 2 feet long by 11 inches broad; the frond is much thinner and of a deeper green, and the lower pinnules are often again pinnate. The sori are smaller than in var. a, and do not become confluent as they often do in it. Tar. y appears to be a form which Milde refers to under var. ele- vatum. " Hujus varietatis formam eximiam in montibus Moravise observavi. Pagina subtus glandulosa ; glandulas Ion gas, clavatas, unicellulares ; dentes laciniarum longissimi, in glandulam exeuntes. Indusium glabrum. Baches dense paleaceae ; petiolus dense rufo- paleaceus, brevior (5-8" longus). Ceterum lamina angusta, rigida, flavescens." — Fil. Europ. p. 133. This agrees well with my var. y.
The creeping caudex with its numerous small divisions, or when in dry ground the caudex dividing into numerous small heads, and the more parallel-sided frond distinguish it from L. glan- dulosa.
The broad concolorous scales, many-headed caudex, and narrower fronds, separate it from L. dilatata.
The spores are similar to those of L. spinulosa, with a few large, rounded tubercles, not closely and finely muricated as in L. glandulosa and dilatata.
Tars, a and /3 look very different when growing wild, but when brought into the garden they lose most of their peculiarities, and it is probable that instead of being true varieties they are states affected by their place of growth.
I have genuine L. spinulosa from Amherstburg, Canada, collected by Dr. P. W. Maclagan.
Lastrea remota is referred by some botanists to L. spinulosa, but it differs in the far more numerous scales, many of them narrowly lanceolate, by the greater number of pinna? in fronds of equal size,
80 ENGLISH BOTANY.
by the veins being less impressed above, but chiefly by the inclusium being- firm and very convex, and retaining its shape like that of L. Filix-mas instead of being thin, flat, and soon crumpled up when the spore-cases swell and raise its edges. Still there can be no doubt that it is a form connecting L. spinulosa and L. Filix-mas.
Narrow Shield-fern.
SPECIES (?) IX.— L ASTREA GLANDULOSA. Newman.
Plate 1856. Newman, Phyt. 1851, p. 256. L. dilatata, var. glandulosa, Moore (in part ?), Handbk. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 124 ; and
ed. iii. p. 127 ; Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 226 (in part). Bab.
Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 448. Neplirodium dilatatum, var. glandulosum, Hook.fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466. Lophodiuin glandulosum, Newm. Phyt. 1851, Ap. xviii. and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed iii.
p. 154. L. glanduliferum, Newm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371 (a misprint for glandulosum ?)
Caudex short, very thick, separating into few divisions or crowns, which are very thick and erect or " creeping." Fronds all similar, many produced from the extremity of each division or crown, sub-ever- green, "semi-erect" (Newman). Stipes long (two-thirds to as long as the lamina), stout, deeply channelled on the anterior face, con- taining 5 vascular bundles, thickly sprinkled with minute clavate or stalked glands and rather thickly clothed with broadly-ovate cuspidate and lanceolate tapering entire pale brown nearly concolorous sub- persistent scales. Lamina firm, dull green, sprinkled beneath with very numerous clavate glands, narrowly oblong or lanceolate-oblong, tapering more or less gradually towards the apex, abrupt at the base, bipinnate or almost tripinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae unequally triangular with the 2 basal pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis much longer than those on the upper side, nearly as long as the succeeding pair of pinnae ; the others becoming gradually longer and narrower as far as a little below the middle of the lamina, after which they at first gradually and then rapidly decrease in length ; all of them shortly stalked, pinnate ; pinnules " flat or convex," lan- ceolate-oblong ; those towards the base of the lamina shortly stalked and pinnati partite, or sometimes almost pinnate ; those towards the apex of the frond decurrent at the base ; ultimate segments adnate by a broad base and decurrent on the lower side, oblong inciso-serrate, with the teeth hooked upwards and strongly mucronate. Ultimate veins rather faintly impressed on the upper surface, running to the
FILICES. 81
teeth of the ultimate segments, except the first anterior branch. Sori occupying the whole frond, except sometimes the lowest pair of pinnae, attached to the back of the first anterior branch of the ulti- mate mid-veins forming a line on each side of the ultimate pinnules or ultimate segments, about equidistant from the midrib and the margin of the pinnule or segment, and extending nearly to its apex. Indusium rather thin, but retaining its form, subpersistent, roundish- reniform, slightly convex, with a few clavate or stalked glands round the margin, and sometimes a few on its surface. Spores finely muricate, with very numerous small acute tubercles. No barren fronds unlike the fertile ones.
Darley Dingle, Shropshire ; boggy places on Ankerberry Hill, near Sedbrook, Forest of Dean, Gloucester ; and " Epping Forest, Essex " (Mr. Doubleday ; Newman). L. glandulosa has been reported from several other stations, but I do not feel sure that these are the same as plant so-called by Mr. Newman.
England. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Lamina 14 inches by 7 inches to 2 feet by 8 inches, remarkable for the number of minute glands sprinkled on its lower surface.
L. glandulosa is a very puzzling form, being intermediate between L. spinulosa and L. dilatata, and to some extent between L. remota and L. dilatata. The caudex I have never seen, but from Mr. New- man's description and from the recollections of the Rev. W. H. Purchas I conclude it must resemble those of L. remota and L. dila- tata, in not breaking into a number of small crowns, and in the divisions keeping an upright position and attaining a large size, with very numerous fronds arranged shuttlecock-fashion. But if a plant found at Windermere, Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes, really belong to L. glandulosa and not to L. spinulosa, it has a caudex " nearly, if not quite, as creeping as that of spinulosa" (' Phyt.,' ser. ii. 1860, p. 220). The scales are intermediate in character between L. remota, L. spinu- losa, and L. dilatata, most like those of the first, perhaps, but more highly coloured, and not denticulate at the margins ; the larger ones resemble those of spinulosa, but have generally a more decided dark shade in the centre, though less so than those of dilatata, and they are also thinner in texture than those of the last-named plant. The lamina is most like that of L. spinulosa in outline and in the shape of the pinnules, but the pinnae are longer and narrower, and the teeth more incurved, and (judging from dried specimens) the veins are but very faintly impressed on the upper surface : still, were it not for the stout caudex, which does not break into numerous crowns, the narrower and often darker-centred scales, and, above all, the finely muricated (not coarsely and sparsely tubercled) spores, — the plant might be considered a broad-fronded and extremely
VOL. XII. M
82 ENGLISH BOTANY.
glandular form of L. spimilosa. Most, authors place it as a variety of L. dilatata, with which at least Mr. Newman's original plant seems to agree in the caudex, and certainly does completely in the finely muricated spores and gland-fringed indusium. But the lamina is narrower and less divided, the pinnules having their segments con- nected quite as much, or even more so than, in spinulosa.
From L. remota it differs in having a much shorter frond in propor- tion to its width, and with fewer and broader pinnae, with distinctly mucronate teeth. The lowest pinna? of L. remota do not present such a broadly and obliquely triangular outline, as remota has not the first and second, or even the third pinnule on the lower side of the pinna much larger than those on the upper side. The indusium of L. remota is also firmer and more convex than that of L. glandulosa, and the spores are bluntly tubercled, not finely muricated.
I cannot help suspecting that L. glandulosa is a hybrid between L. spinulosa and L. dilatata. \Vere it as abundant as either of the two, instead of being very scarce we might consider it as a form from which L. spinulosa on one side, and L. dilatata on the other, were diverging ; and the same might be said of L. uliginosa, from which L. cristata diverges in one direction and spinulosa in the other ; and lastly, we have L. remota, which connects L. spinulosa, or (as seems to me more probable) dilatata with L. Filix-mas. Surely it would be difficult to accept an aggregate species containing Filix-mns and dilatata. Dr. Goppert, in Cohn's * Kryptogamen Flora von Schlesien,' makes dilatatum, spinulosum, and cristatum subspecies of Aspidium spinulosum, but he makes Filix-mas with this form A. remotum a distinct species, which seems to me an untenable position.
Bennett's Sh ield-fern.
SPECIES X.-L ASTREA DILATATA. Fred.
Plate 1857. Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 40. L. multiflora, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 216. Xeplirodium dilatatum, Desv. Hook, fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466. N. spinulosum, fi. dilatatum, Hook. & Bah. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 275. Aspidium dilatatum, Sicartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1461 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 293.
MSde, Fil. Europ. p. 136. Rabenh. 1. c. No. 40. A. spinulosum, a. multiflorum, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 586. A. spinulosum, var. dilatatum, Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Polystichum spinulosum, (3. dilatatum, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 979.
Grcn, & Goch: Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. P. multiflorum, Both, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 87. Polypodium multiflorum, Both, Cat. Bot. Fasc. i. p. 35. Lophodium multiflorum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371, and App. xvii. ; and Hist. Brit.
Ferns, ed. iii. p. 148.
Caudex short, very thick, separating into few divisions which arc
FILICES. 83
very thick and erect or ascending, closely covered by the persistent bases of former fronds, without dark stripes in their interior when cut longitudinally. Fronds all similar, many produced from the extremity of each division or crown, ascending or erect, and arching backwards, sub-evergreen. Stipes long (one-third as long to as long as the lamina), stout, deeply channelled on the anterior face, containing 5 or 7 vascular bundles, usually more or less thickly sprinkled with minute stalked glands, but often glabrous and without glands, rather thickly clothed with lanceolate and strapshaped tapering entire or subdenticulate brown scales, which have almost always a dark central stripe, and are mostly persistent. Lamina firm or subcoriaceous, dull green, usually sprinkled beneath with more or less numerous clavate glands, but sometimes without glands, oblong-lanceolate or oblong- ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely triangular-ovate or triangular-lan- ceolate (at least in mature and healthy plants), tapering gradually towards the apex, abrupt or truncate at the base, tripinnate or quadripinnate, rarely only bipinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae unequally triangular, with the 2 basal pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis much longer than those on the upper side, nearly as long as the succeeding pair of pinnae ; the others usually becoming gradually longer and narrower as far as one-third of the lamina, after which they gradually decrease in length (or rarely the second pair of pinnas or even the first are longer than the others), shortly stalked, bipin- nate, more rarely tripinnate or only pinnate ; pinnules convex or flat, lanceolate-oblong ; those towards the base of the lamina stalked and pinnate, more rarely bipinnate, and very rarely only pinnati- partite ; those towards the apex of the frond usually separate from each other and pinnatipartite or inciso-pinnatifid ; most of them adnate by a narrow base, but decurrent upon the lower side ; ulti- mate pinnules or ultimate lobes flat or with the margins recurved, inciso-serrate, with the teeth strongly incurved and very strongly mucronate. Ultimate veins rather faintly impressed on the upper surface, all running to the teeth of the ultimate segments except the first anterior branch. Sori occupying the whole frond, attached to the back of the first anterior branch of the ultimate mid-veins, forming a line on each side of the ultimate pinnules or ultimate segments about equidistant from the mid-vein and the margin of the pinnule or segment, and extending nearly to its apex. Indusium thin, soon shrivelling, subpersistent, roundish-reniform, nearly flat or slightly convex, with a few clavate or stalked glands round the
M 2
84 ENGLISH BOTANY.
margin. Spores finely mnricate, with very numerous small acute tubercles. No barren fronds unlike the fertile ones.
Yar. a. genuina.
Rachis and under side of lamina sparingly glandular or nearly without glands ; scales brown with a dark central stripe or blotch. Lamina firm, lanceolate-ovate or oblong-ovate, tripinnate or bipinnate, with the pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnae unequal-sided from the greater development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis. Sori large.
Yar. /3. tanaceti [folia. Moore.
Polystichuin tanacetifolium, DC. Fl. Fr. Vol. II. p. 562 ; according to a specimen from
Professor Fee, Moure.
Rachis and under side of lamina sparingly glandular or nearly without glands (rarely very glandular) ; scales lanceolate, brown with a dark central stripe or blotch. Lamina rather thin, triangular- -ovate or ovate, tripinnate or almost quadripinnate, with the ultimate pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnae unequal-sided from the great development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis. Sori small.
Yar. y. dumetorum. Moore.
Lastrea multiflora, var. nana, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 222.
Aspidium dumetorum, Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 281 (vide H. C. Watson, Compend. Cyb.
Brit. Part. III. p. 456). Lophodium nanum, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 153.
Rachis and under side of lamina sparingly glandular, or nearly without glands ; scales brown with a dark central stripe or blotch. Lamina firm, oblong-ovate, bipinnate, with the pinnules pinnati- partite ; lowest pinnae somewhat unequal-sided from the rather greater development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis. Sori small.
Yar. 8. collina. Bab.
Lophodium collinum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, App. xviii. ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii.
p. 141.
Rachis and under side of lamina thickly sprinkled with stalked glands ; scales brown, with a dark central stripe or blotch. Lamina
FILICES. 85
firm, strapshaped-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, bipinnate with the pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnae somewhat unequal-sided from the rather greater development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis ; pinnce more distant and narrower than in the preceding forms. Sori rather small.
Tar. e. alpina. Moore.
Eachis and under side of lamina sparingly glandular or nearly without glands ; scales ovate-lanceolate, reddish-brown, often with- out a dark central stripe. Lamina thin, oblong or oblong-strap- shaped, more rarely ovate-oblong, tripinnate or bipinnate, with the pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnae unequal-sided from the great development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis ; pinnules shorter in proportion than in the other forms. Sori rather large.
(?) Var. £. lepidota. Moore.
Eachis and under side of lamina rather sparingly sprinkled with stalked glands ; scales broadly lanceolate, intermixed with ovate cuspidate ones, dark reddish-brown, nearly concolorous, numerous not only on the stipes and main rachis, but also on the secondary and tertiary rachides. Lamina deltoid or broadly triangular-ovate, quadri- pinnate or tripinnate with the lower pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnaa unequal-sided, from the much greater development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis ; pinnules more separated from eacb other, as well as more deeply divided than in the other forms. Sori small.
Tar. a common, and generally distributed in hedgebanks, woods and moors, and hillsides.
Tar. /J common in shady woods.
Tar. y common in upland districts, on moors, and among rocks and stony places.
Tar. 8. collina appears to be local. Newman says it occurs in the lake district in Westmoreland, Lancashire and Yorkshire. I have a specimen collected by Mr. Baker on the top of Little Ingleborough, and what I believe to be the same form I gathered at Hobbister rocks, Orphir, Orkney. Mr. Moore's figure of his variety L. Chanteriaa, given in his ' Handbook of British Ferns,' so closely resembles Mr. Newman's figure of collina in his ' Hist. Brit. Ferns,' that I
86 ENGLISH BOTANY.
must refer thern to the same form ; the Rev. Mr. Chanter's plant was found at Hartland, on the north coast of Devon.
Yar. e. aljrina is frequent on mountains and on upland bogs.
Var. £. lepidota is not known in the wild state ; it was said to have been procured from Yorkshire.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
An extremely variable plant, though it can scarcely be divided into varieties in a botanical sense, so insensibly do the different forms merge into one another ; whether we place the forms under two or twenty varieties makes very little difference, with the exception of the form lepidota, which is a doubtful native, and is certainly distinct enough to be called a true variety, if not a subspecies. The rootstock is remarkable for not breaking, i.e., it continues to grow until it has attained a large size before it divides and forms new crowns, in this forming a marked contrast to that of L. spinulosa. The divisions of the cauclex in the large wood forms of the plant are often as thick as a man's arm, and are generally erect ; but some- times the branches of the cauclex when growing amongst dead leaves or bushes, or even in bogs, become as slender and creeping as those of L. spinulosa, but they differ in not constantly forming new crowns before they have attained a large size. I suspect that this may account for the statements of forms of L. dilatata " being nearly, if not quite, as creeping as spinulosa" (' Phyt.' ser. ii. 1860, p. 229).
I have numerous specimens, collected in Fife, with slender creeping offshoots, produced from large crowns of ordinary L. dilatata. The most puzzling forms are specimens of var. alpina, which I collected in 1875, in the parish of Orphir, Orkney, growing in Naversdale and Ryssadale. These had small crowns and often decidedly creeping branches, and in many instances the scales were broad and pale- coloured and the lamina narrow and parallel-sided. At the time I collected these, I supposed them to be referable to the glandular form of L. spinulosa, but a root which I brought to Balmuto has produced much divided triangular-deltoid fronds, which are clearly referable to L. dilatata, although the scales are still broader than those of the ordinary plant and concolorous. Usually the scales of L. dilatata are broadly lanceolate and tapering, intermixed with smaller ones, they are entire or slightly fimbriate, and have a brown or pitchy stripe down the centre, but in the forms which Mr. Moore calls alpina (which is probably a true variety) they are often broader and nearly concolorous.
The shape of the lamina varies greatly, but it is almost always broader than in L. sjainulosa. I have fertile specimens from 5 inches long by 1\ wide, to 3 feet long by 15 inches wide, while in a very handsome form of alpina from Orkney the frond is 15 inches long and 5 wide, with the fronds very delicate in texture and much divided, and the scales broad, ferruginous, and nearly concolorous.
FILICES. 87
The texture of the lamina is also variable, it is generally firm, more so indeed than that of L. spinulosa when growing in the same localities, but in the form alpina, and to a less extent in the wood- form tanacetifolia, it is thin, but is never at all translucent.
In most of the forms the pinnules are more or less convex, when they are exposed to the direct rays of the sun. I have found that a flat pinnuled plant brought into a sunny part of the garden, produces fronds with convex pinna?. As a general rule, the more luxuriant the plant the more divided is the frond.
The number of glands on the stipes, rachis, lamina and margin of the indusium is also liable to great variation, though I have never observed the indusium, at least in the young state, without some stalked or clavate glands. The fronds remain green all winter in sheltered stations, but the stipes breaks over near the base, and the fronds are prostrate. In vernation the frond occasionally forms loops, but more commonly it unfolds regularly as in other Ferns.
The marking of the spores seems very constant ; instead of a few large rounded tubercles as in L. spinulosa, they are thickly covered with small conical acute tubercles.
The variety lepidota is probably a distinct species, though its native locality is doubtful ; it is much more divided than any of our British forms, quite as much as or even more so than the North American L. intermedia (which also occurs in Madeira), and it agrees with this in the lamina having a triangular or deltoid-ovate outline (though more ovate in lepidota than in L. intermedia), but it differs conspicu- ously in the shorter broader blunter and paler scales, and in the first pair of pinnules of the basal pinna? being longer than the second, as in all the British forms of L. spinulosa, dilatata and a?mula, and also in not having the pinna? spreading at right angles to the rachis, and the pinnules at right angles to the secondary rachides. One of the most striking peculiarities of lepidota is the number of broad cuspidate and narrow piliferous scales which clothe the under surface and sides of the primary, secondary, and tertiary rachides ; the teeth of the segments are strongly incurved, and terminate in conspicuous mucros. Lamina G inches to 1 foot long, by 4 to 8 inches broad. I obtained the plant I have in cultivation from Messrs. Sang's nursery in Kirkcaldy, and have no doubt it is the same as that described by Mr. Moore.
Broad Shield-fern.
SPECIES XI.-LASTREA iEMULA. Brackenridge.
Plate 1858.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 117. L. Fcenisecii, Watson, Phyt. 1846, p. 568.
L. recurva, Neicman, Nat. Aim. 1844, p. 23 ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 226. Nephrodium femulum, Baker. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466. Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 279. '
88 ENGLISH BOTAXY.
N. Foenisecii, Loice, Cambr. Phil. Trans. Vol. IV. p. 7.
Aspidium femulum, Swartz (1800). Milcle, Fil. Europ. p. 140. Babenh. 1. c. No. 117.
A. recurvum, Bree, Phyt. 1843, p. 773.
A. dilatatum, var. recurvuni, Bree, Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. IV. p. 162. Hook. & Am. Brit.
Fl. ed. viii. p. 586. A. spinulosum, var. y, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. vii. p. 586. Polypodium femulum, Ait. Hort. Kew. Vol. III. p. 466. Lophodium recurvum, Newm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371. L. Foenisecii, Newm. Phyt. 1851, App. p. xvi. ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 136.
Caudex short, stout, separating into numerous small divisions, which are moderately thick, very short, and closely packed together, closely covered by the imbricated bases of former fronds, marked with dark stripes in the interior when cut longitudinally. Fronds all similar, several produced close together from the extremity of each crown, ascending or slightly arching backward, evergreen. Stipes rather long, from one-third as long to a little longer than the lamina, rather stout, distinctly but not deeply channelled on the face, con- taining 5 vascular bundles, thickly sprinkled with minute sessiie glands, and sparingly clothed with a few lanceolate and strapshaped acuminate denticulate and partially laciniate rather dark brown, concolorous scales, which are partially deciduous. Lamina firm, but not at all coriaceous, bright green, thickly sprinkled both above and below with minute sessile subglobular glands, triangular or deltoid- triangular, or more rarely triangular-lanceolate, tapering gradu- ally towards the apex, truncate at the base, tripinnate or quadri- pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae very unequally triangular, with several of the basal pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis much longer than those on the upper side, longer than the succeeding pair (rarely a little shorter), the others becoming gradually shorter towards the apex of the frond, shortly stalked, bipinnate ; pinnules triangular-oblong or strapshaped-concave ; those towards the base of the lamina stalked and pinnate, those towards the apex of the frond separate from each other, and pinnatipartite or incised, and then adnate by a narrow base and decurrent on the lower side. Ultimate pinnules or lobes with the apices incurved, inciso-serrate, with the teeth not incurved, more or less distinctly mucronate ; ultimate veins not impressed on the upper surface, all running to the teeth of the ultimate segments. Sori occupying the whole frond, attached to the back of the first anterior branch of the ultimate mid-veins, forming a line on each side of the ultimate pinnules or ultimate seg- ments, about equidistant from the mid-vein and the margin of the
F1UCES. 89
pinnule or segment, and extending nearly to its apex. Indusium rather firm, persistent, roundish-reniform, convex (often very much so), denticulate, with a few sessile and globular glands round the margin, and in some cases with very slender jointed filaments ter- minated by minute glands. Spores bluntly tuberculate, with a few sparse large rounded tubercles. No sterile fronds dissimilar to the fertile ones.
On rocks and banks, and in woods. Local. Frequent in the south-west of England, extending east to Sussex and to Kent, near Tunbridge Wells ; north of this it occurs in Hereford, Salop, Glamorgan, Pembroke, Merioneth, Carnarvon, Anglesea, North Lancashire, West Yorkshire, Cumberland, and the Isle of Man, with outlying stations in Forge Valley near Scarborough, Cheving- ton Wood near Workworth, Eugely Wood near Alnwick, and several stations near Embleton, Northumberland. Dumbarton, the Clyde Isles, Mull and Skye, and the Hebrides; recorded from Berwick, Roxburgh and Forfar. It is abundant in the Wauk Mill Bay, Orphir, Orkney ; and the late Dr. T. Anderson found it rather common in Hoy, but there I have only seen it on Hoy Hill, and in Fara and Calf of Flotta ; Dr. H. Halcro Johnson informs me that it is abundant on the Calf of Cava, in Scalpa Flow. In Ireland it is distributed from north to south, but it is most plentiful in the west.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Caudex producing a number of crowns, which are closely packed together, in this respect resembling the caudex of L. rigida. Fronds 8 inches to 3 feet high, of which the stipes is usually about half ; it is, for more or less of its length from the base upwards, tinged with purplish-brown, and is not so deeply furrowed as in L. dilatata and L. spinulosa. Lamina vivid green, crisped, from the tips of the ultimate pinnules and segments being turned upwards, covered on both sides with minute glands like those of L. rigida, which it also resembles in the texture of its fronds, which are firm and almost rigid, without being coriaceous. Veins clavate towards the apex, as in the other species, and not extending quite to the teeth of the lobes. Sori large, with the indusium much more convex than in the other spinulose Lastrese, almost as much so as in L. rigida. In British specimens the jointed filaments round the edge of the indusia can seldom be found, though I have observed them in Plymouth speci- mens ; but in those from the Azores they are much more frequently met with. The spores resemble those of L. Filix-mas, L. rigida, L. cristata, and L. spinulosa, in having a few large rounded tubercles and no minute acute ones.
VOL. XII. >*
DO ENGLISH BOTAXY.
This Fern has been confounded with L. dilatata, but it is scarcely possible to mistake them when the plants are alive. The bright green colour of the frond, its crisp texture and concave pinnae, readily distinguish it. It has also a peculiar sweet scent, which has been compared to the odour of fresh hay, though I do not myself perceive the resemblance. When protected from frost the fronds are truly evergreen, the old ones remaining until the young ones appear in May, and the fronds begin to decay at the extremity, and not near the base of the rachis. The scales are fewer, narrower, and some of them laciniate, with one or two large acute segments, and they are destitute of the dark stripe which is so commonly found in those of L. dilatata ; the lowest pair of pinnae are much larger, generally longer than any of the succeeding pairs, and the frond is sprinkled with round, sessile, not stalked or clavate glands ; the sori are generally more abundant ; the indusia are much more convex, and the spores are not muricated.
Hay-scented Fern.
GENUS /X-POLYSTICHUM. Roth.
Fronds produced from the extremity of the caudex, approximate and tufted, or solitary, usually coriaceous, once or more times pinnate. Stipes not articulated to the caudex. Veins all free. Sori punctiform, round, at the extremity of the ultimate veins or attached to some portion of their back. Indusium roundish, peltate, attached by the centre : rarely the indusium is absent or fugacious.
Name from ttoXv (polu) much, and otiktos (stiktos) spotted or punctured, from the numerous sori.
SPECIES L-POLYSTICHUM LONCHITIS. Both.
Plate 1859.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 43.
Aspidium Lonchitis, Swartz. Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 284. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 464.
Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 250. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 104. Koch, Syn.
Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 976. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Gren. & Godr.
Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 630. Babenh. 1. c. No. 43. Polypodium Lonchitis, Linn. Sp. PI. 1518. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 797.
Caudex rather short and thick, decumbent, not breaking into separate crowns for many years. Fronds numerous, all similar, arranged in shuttlecock fashion, spreading-ascending, evergreen. Stipes very short, thickly clothed with large and small triangular-ovate
FILIUES. 91
or ovate-lanceolate erose-denticulate brown concolorous scales. Lamina coriaceous, rigid, dark green, shining, much paler beneath, strapshaped, tapering gradually at the base and apex, pinnate ; rachis thickly clothed with lanceolate, and the under surface of the frond sparingly clothed with linear scales, many of which are deciduous ; pinnae very shortly stalked, oblong-triangular or strapshaped-triangular, the lower ones deltoid, all more or less auriculate at the base on the anterior side, and more or less evidently doubly serrate, with the middle tooth of each serrature prolonged into a rigid spine. Ultimate veins not impressed on the upper surface, but deeply so beneath, running from the mid-vein of the pinna and auricle to the margin, and giving off one or two branches, which run to the base of the teeth. Sori commonly confined to the upper half or third of the frond, but occasionally extending further down, round, attached to the first anterior branch of each of the ultimate veins, and forming a line on each side of the mid-vein of the pinna, about equidistant from the mid-vein and the margin, with a loop at the base extending into the auricle, and in luxuriant plants sometimes with a second short line between the primary one and the margin on the base of the upper side of the pinnae immediately above the auricle. Indusium umbilicate, circular, dentate at the margin, soon shrivelling. Spores tuberculate, with rather large very prominent obtuse tubercles, inter- mingled with numerous smaller and more acute ones.
Among rocky de'bris on mountains. On Snowdon and the neigh- bouring mountains ; the Yorkshire mountains ; Teesdale, Durham, nearly, if not quite extinct ; Helvellyn, Cumberland ; Westmoreland ; between Alnwick and Morpeth, Northumberland. Frequent in the Scotch Highlands, extending to Sutherland ; Hoy Hill, Orkney (Dr. J. Anderson), and in fissures of rocks, G-reenigoe, Hoy (Dr. A. A. Duguid). Mangerton and Brandon mountain, county Kerry ; Ben Bulbin and the neighbouring mountains, co. Sligo ; Glenade moun- tain, Leitrim. " Near Lough Eske, Donegal, and also Rosses and Fanet," are probably errors. (See 'Journal of Botany,' 1881, p. 240.) The ' Cybele Hibernica,' in addition to these localities, mentions that a single root was found near Edgworthstown, Longford, and a single root on a hedgebank near Dungannon, Tyrone.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Autumn.
Caudex apparently of very slow growth, rarely above H inch in diameter. Fronds 3 to 18 inches long, by 1 to 2£ broad, very rigid,
N 2
92 ENGLISH BOTANY.
appearing in June or July, and remaining after the fronds of the succeeding year are developed. Stipes very short, sometimes consisting only of the dilated base, which remains permanently attached to the caudex, and is rarely above 1 or 2 inches long, containing 5 vascular bundles, clothed with very large scales, inter- mixed with much smaller ones. Pinna? twisted so as to make an angle with the general plane of the frond, with the spines variable in length, but usually about TL inch long. Sori rather large, and ultimately confluent.
Alpine Holly-fern.
SPECIES II.-POLYSTICHUM LOBATUM. Presl
Plate 1860.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 22.
P. aculeatum, Both. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 449. Moore, Handbk. Brit. Ferns,
ed. iii. p. 81 ; and Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 123. Newm. Hist.
Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 111. Aspidiuin lobatum, Schkuhr. Eunze, Bot. Zeit. 1848, p. 356. Milcle, Fil. Europ. p. 105. A. aculeatum, Willd. Sp. Plant. Vol. V. p. 258. A. aculeatum, a. vulgare, Doll. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 976. Gren. &
Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 630. Polypodium lobatum, Huds. Fl. Ang. p. 459.
Caudex short, thick, decumbent or erect, not breaking into separate crowns for several years. Fronds numerous, all similar, arranged in shuttlecock fashion, ascending or slightly arching backwards, evergreen. Stipes very short, thickly clothed with large and small triangular-ovate or ovate-lanceolate erose-denticulate dusky brown concolorous scales. Lamina coriaceous, rigid, dark green, shining, much paler beneath, narrowly elliptical-oblong or oblong- strapshaped, tapering gradually at the base and apex, bipinnate ; rachis rather thickly clothed towards the base with lanceolate scales, and throughout its whole length with numerous reddish-brown hair- like scales, many of which are deciduous ; pinna? very shortly stalked, strapshaped-acute, the lower ones deltoid triangular or triangular, much shorter than the succeeding pair, pinnate ; pinnules usually pointing towards the apex of the pinna, oblong or ovate, falcate or rhomboidal, commonly more or less distinctly auricled at the base on the anterior side, with the basal angle by which they are attached usually less than a right angle ; those towards the base of the pinnae more or less distinctly stalked, all coarsely spihous-serrate, more rarely doubly serrate ; serratures prolonged into rigid spines.
FILICES. 93
Ultimate veins scarcely impressed on the upper surface, but deeply so beneath, running from the mid-vein of the pinnule and auricle to the margin, giving off 1 or 2 branches, which run to the base of the teeth. Sori commonly confined to the upper half of the frond, round, attached to the first anterior branch of each of the ultimate veins, and forming a line on each side of the mid-vein of the pinnule about equidistant from the mid-vein and the margin, with a loop at the base extending into the auricle, and in luxuriant plants sometimes with a few sori between the line and the margin on the anterior side of the pinnule, imme- diately above the auricle. Indusium flattish, strongly umbilicate, circular, denticulate at the margin, soon shrivelling. Spores tuberculate, with rather large very prominent obtuse tubercles, inter- mingled with numerous smaller and more acute ones.
Yar. a. genuinum.
Aspidium lobatum, Smith, Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1563; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 291.
Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 582. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. A. aculeatum, var. a. lobatum, Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 252.
Caudex attaining a considerable age before dividing ; the crowns of very old plants caespitose. Fronds spreading-ascending, arching backwards when large, rather rigid, tapering greatly towards the base ; lowest pair of pinnae usually very short, and shorter than the succeeding pair ; pinnules not distinctly stalked, but attached by a narrow base, which is decurrent on the lower side, many of them towards the apex of the pinnae, and the whole of them towards the apex of the frond, not separated from each other ; so that these pinna?, and parts of pinnae, are only pinnatipartite or pinnatifid — not pinnate.
Yar. ft. aculeatum.
Aspidium aculeatum, Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1562 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p." 290.
Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 582. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465 (?). A. aculeatum, /3. aculeatum, Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 252.
Caudex attaining a great age before dividing, and even in very old plants sometimes undivided. Fronds spreading-ascending, not arching backwards, very rigid, not tapering very much towards the base, and sometimes almost abrupt; lowest pair of pinnae usually scarcely shorter than the succeeding pair; many of the pinnules distinctly stalked, set on more at right angles to the rachis of the pinna than in var. lobatum, and fewer of them towards the apex of
94 ENGLISH BOTANY.
the pinnae, and frond confluent. Fronds of a darker green than in var. a.
On rocks, hedgebanks, and woods ; rather sparingly but widely distributed over England and Scotland, north to Skye, Eoss-shire ; Hoy, Orkney (Dr. H. H. Johnston). Local, but widely distributed iu Ireland.
Var. $ apparently much rarer, and probably not extending north to Scotland : but the authors of the ' Cybele Hibernica ' speak of the form A. lobatum, Sra., as being rare in Ireland, so that we may infer that the var. /3 is the commoner in that island.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
Caudex 1J inch or more in diameter, breaking into a few crowns when old, which remain close together, so that the plant becomes tufted. Stipes short and thick, from 2 to 5 inches, closely covered with large scales, intermixed with minute ones. Fronds 1 to 2 feet long, 3 to 7 inches broad, more parallel-sided when large than when small, at first with scattered hair-like scales beneath ; appearing in May, and not perishing until the young fronds of the succeeding year.
Yar. /3 has larger more rigid and more divided fronds (2 to 3 feet long) ; and, except in being more rigid than in var. a, it has the frond more resembling that of P. anguJare ; its caudex takes a longer time to form new crowns.
Young seedling plants of P. lobatum bear a very close resemblance to P. Lonchitis, being simply pinnate ; they may always be dis- tinguished, however, by their more parallel-sided fronds of much thinner texture, and having no fructification upon them: by the time they are sufficiently developed to have sori, the pinnae have become at least deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite at the base ; this form, which is sometimes called var. lonchitidoides, cannot be considered a true variety, because, if cultivated, it always develops into unmistakeable P. lobatum. On the other hand, when P. lobatum is weakened or starved, it tends to revert to the form lonchitidoides . On this account it is impossible to agree with Bernhardi in uniting P. Lonchitis and P. aculeatum as forms of one species, though they are certainly very closely allied. P. lobatum, var. a, becomes more developed, stronger, and more- divided, but does not change into /3. aculeatum, though it is often impossible to distinguish dried specimens of vars. a and /3 from each other.
Hard Holly- fern.
FILICES. 9 5
SPECIES III.— POL YSTI CHUM ANGULARE. Presl.
Plate 1861.
Aspidium angulare, Willd. 8m. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 291. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed.
viii. p. 583. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. A. aculeatum, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 106. A. aculeatum, var. angulare, Gren. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 630. Hook & Buk.
Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 252. Polypodium aculeatum, Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 459. "P. setiferum, Forsk. Fl. iEgypt. Arab. p. 185" (teste Moore).
Caudex short or elongated, very thick, decumbent or erect, breaking into several crowns after a few years. Fronds very numerous, all similar, arranged in shuttlecock fashion, ascending, sub-evergreen. Stipes short or rather short, very thickly clothed with large triangular-ovate erose-denticulate ferruginous scales, inter- mingled with numerous hair-like ones, and very numerous small whitish scurf-like scales. Lamina firm, but not coriaceous, flaccid, bright green, scarcely shining, much paler beneath, narrowly elliptical-oblong or oblong-strapshaped, tapering at the apex, abrupt at the base, bipinnate or tripinnate ; rachis thickly clothed towards the base with lanceolate scales, and for about half-way up with whitish fimbriated scurf-scales, and for its whole length with very numerous reddish-brown hair-like scales, most of which are persistent ; pinnae very shortly stalked, pinnate or bipinnate, strapshaped, acute, the lower ones similar to the others, and not much shorter than the succeeding pair ; pinnules ovate and falcate, rarely rhomboidal, commonly auricled at the base on the anterior side, with the basal angle by which they are attached commonly greater than a right angle, most of them distinctly stalked, inciso-spinous-serrate or doubly-serrate or pinnatifid or even pinnate ; serratures prolonged into weak spines. Ultimate veins scarcely impressed on the upper surface, but very deeply so beneath, running from the mid-vein of the pinnae, auricles and larger lobes, giving off one or two branches which run to the base of the teeth, the first anterior branch usually to the notch between the teeth. Sori occupying the upper half or two-thirds of the frond, attached to the first anterior branch of the ultimate veins, and forming a line on each side of the mid-vein of the pinnule, nearer the mid-vein and the margin, with a loop at the base extending into the auricle, then (in luxurious plants) sometimes with a few sori between the principal line and the margin on the anterior
96 ENGLISH BOTANY.
side of the pinnule immediately above the auricle. Indusium convex,
slightly umbilicate, circular, denticulate at the margin, and soon
shrivelling*. Spores tuberculate, with rather large very prominent
obtuse tubercles, intermingled with numerous smaller and more acute
ones.
Var. a. genuinum.
Pinnules broad, spinous-serrate or inciso-serrate, not decurrent, with their basal angle a right angle or more than a right angle.
Var. ft. hastulatum. Kunze.
Pinnules broad, more or less deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite or pinnate, not decurrent, with their basal angle a right angle or more than a right angle.
Tar. (?) y. alatum. Moore.
Pinnules broad, faintly spinous-serrate, decurrent on the posterior side, and united to the narrow wing along the rachis to the pinna, with their basal angle a right angle or more than a right angle.
Tar. 8. gracile. AVollaston.
Pinnules narrow, inciso-serrate, not decurrent, with their basal angle less than a right angle.
On hedgebanks and in woods. Frequent in England. Rare in Scotland, extending north to the counties of Berwick, Roxburgh, and Ayr, and the Clyde islands ; it is also reported from Loch Gilphead, Argyleshire ; but the only Scotch specimen I have seen is from the Cumbraes, kindly sent me by Mr. Gr. Horn. It occurs throughout Ireland, and is abundant in many parts of the west and south of that island. Tar. /3, in various forms, is not uncommon in damp shady situations in the south of England and Ireland. Tar. y, Selworthy, Somersetshire, and near Otterv St. Mary's, Devonshire (Mr. AYol- laston). Tar. S, Devon, Somerset, and Ireland ; but it is rather a monstrosity than a true variety.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
Fronds 18 inches to 4 feet high or more, and 4 to 10 inches wide. Stipes 2 to 6 inches long, containing 5 vascular bundles, as in P. Lonchitis and P. lobatum ; but it is much more densely scaly, and the scales are much brighter in colour, being reddish-brown instead of dusky brown. The under side of the frond has more numerous hair-like scales, and these are more persistent. The frond is much
FILICES. 97
softer in texture, of a brighter and yellower green, more abrupt at the base, from even the lowest pinnae being elongated so that the frond does not taper insensibly to the base ; the pinnules are smaller in proportion, more distinctly stalked, and with a greater basal angle than those of P. lobatum, and fewer of them towards the apex of the pinna? and towards the apex of the frond are confluent. The indusia are larger and more convex.
The seedling form of P. angulare apparently never has the close resemblance to adult P. Lonchitis which that of P. lobatum has, for it has an elongated stipes and an abrupt-based frond, with deeply pinnatifid lower pinna?, even though it may be but a couple of inches long.
P. angulare is much more sensitive to frost than P. lobatum. In Balmuto Garden the former has its fronds always destroyed during the winter ; while those of P. lobatum remain green until the new fronds are developed in summer.
Yar. /3, which TTilde considers the Aspidium hastulatum of Ten ore, bears much the same relation to the ordinary form of P. angulare that the var. amnis of Lastrea Filix-mas bears to the var. <jenuina of that species.
The var. alatum of Moore shows an approximation to P. lobatum, var. aculeatum, in having the pinna? running into a narrow herbaceous wing along the rachis ; but in texture, form of frond, and pinna? it agrees wuth the type of P. angulare.
Tar. gracih', with other forms, called by fern-cultivators lineare, cjrandidens, confluens and proliferum, are remarkable for their narrow lanceolate incised pinna?, with wedge-shaped bases, not strongly curved on the posterior side, so that in this they also show some approach to P. lobatum, but the forms are usually malformed or monstrous.
P. angulare is a special favourite with fern-growers, as it produces a great number of curious and abuormal deviations, there being over 150 named forms in cultivation.
It is remarkable that P. Braunii (Aspidium Braunii, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 108) growing in continental Europe has not occurred in Britain ; it appears to be the only one of the group of plants included in the Polvpodium aculeatum of Linna?us which occurs in Xorway and Sweden, and in North America. Mr. Moore considers it as a variety of P. angulare ; but Milde regards it as a subspecies equal Iv distinct from P. angulare (which he calls aculeatum) and from P. lobatum, under which he includes the aculeatum of Smith. In texture and habit it agrees with P. angulare, but the fronds taper insensiblv to the base, and have a very short stipes, as in P. lobatum. The pinna? are larger in proportion than P. angulare, and have numerous hair-like scales when young, not only on the lower, but on the upper surface, which is not the case in P. angulare or P. aculeatum ; and the sori are larger than those of P. angulare, and much less numerous. VOL. XII. o
98 ENGLISH BOTANY.
I have not seen the plant alive, but the large scales of the stipes seem paler in colour than in P. angulare ; and, judging from dried specimens, the seedling state is more similar to the adult.
Soft Holly fern.
GENUS X— W O O D S I A. i?. Brawn.
Fronds produced from the upper part of the caudex and its branches, approximate or tufted, once pinnate, rarely bipinnate, often scaly beneath. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, but with an articulation at some distance above the base. Veins all free. Sori punctiform, round, attached to the back of the ultimate veins below their apex. Indusium calyciform, surrounding the sorus, cut into long segments nearly to the base.
Name in honour of Joseph "Woods, a celebrated English botanist.
SPECIES I.-W OODSIA ILVENSIS. B. Brown.
Plate 1862.
Eabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 15.
W. rufidula, Beck. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 164.
W. Eaiana, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 140, and ed. iii. p. 73 (a suggested name only).
W. hyperborea, (3. rufidula, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 975.
Acrostichum Ilvense, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1528.
Polypodinm Ilvense, Sicartz, Syn. Fil. p. 39.
Aspidium rutidulum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 58.
Lastrea rufidula, Presl, Pter. p. 76.
Caudex short, dividing into a number of small crowns, which are closely packed together. Stipes breaking off" by an articulation a little below the middle, reddish, with broadly-lanceolate pale brown scales at the base, and numerous narrow and hair-like mostly deciduous scales in the upper part. Lamina oblong-strapshaped or triangular-strapshaped, pinnate or bipinnate ; pinnae triangular- oblong or triangular-strapshaped, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, or even pinnate towards the base, usually thinly clothed above and thickly clothed beneath with long hairs, which are at first whitish, afterwards reddish-brown and partially deciduous ; lobes oblong or ovate, obtuse or rounded, crenate or entire ; rachis and mid-veins of the pinnae with numerous long linear acute scales. Indusium saucer- shaped, divided into numerous filiform segments, which are much longer than the undivided portion, and incurved over the sori.
FILICES. 99
On ledges of rock. Rare and very local. In Carnarvonshire Clog- wyn-y-Garnedd, and Llwyn-y-Cwm on Glyder Yawr (Mr. W.Wilson) ; Pass of Llanberis, left-hand side, looking towards Capel Curig (Mr. L. Clark) ; on Falcon Clints, Teesdale, Durham, now nearly or quite extinct (Mr. J. Gr. Baker) ; in Westmoreland, on three different mountains; and Cumberland (Messrs. T. Huddart and F. Clowes). Abundant on steep crumbling rocks, on the hills dividing Dumfries from Peebles-shire ; Ben Chouzie, Perthshire (Prof. Balfour) ; Glen Fiadh, Clova mountains, Forfar (Mr. H. C. Watson).
England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Fronds ascending, annual, perishing in autumn, usually not more than 2 or 3 inches high in British specimens ; but I have one 5 inches long, from the Rev. W. Little, from hills north of Moffat, and Norwegian ones, 6 or 7 inches, of which the stipes is about half in the larger specimens, but in some of the smaller only a quarter ; the extreme breadth is } to i the length : the specimens with the longest lamina are narrower in proportion than those with the lamina shorter. The frond is of a dull green above, with a somewhat velvety texture, and ultimately more or less reddish beneath, from the abundant scales and hairs, and hair-like segments of indusium. Pinnas varying considerably in the degree of separation between the lobes, which are sometimes reduced to crenatures. Ultimate veins free. Sori near the apex of the ultimate veins, at length confluent. Spores with a few large blunt tubercles.
Oblong Woodsia.
SPECIES (?) II.— W OODSIA HYPERBOREA. R- Brown.
Plate 1863.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 82.
W. Arvonica, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 161.
W. alpina, Newm. Nat. Aim. 1844, p. 13 ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 79. Moore,
Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo ed. p. 283 ; and Handbk. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 251. Acrostichum hyperboreum, Liljeblad, Stock. Trans. 1793, p. 201. A. alpinnm, Bolton, Fil. Brit. p. 76 (1790). Polypodium byperboreum, Sicartz. Sm. Eng. Bot, No. 2023. P. Arvonicum, Sm. Fl. Brit. Vol. III. p. 1115.
Caudex dividing into a few small crowns, which are closely packed together. Stipes breaking off by an articulation a little below the middle, reddish, with broadly lanceolate pale brown scales at the base, and a few narrow and hair-like deciduous scales. Lamina linear-strap- shaped or oblong-strapshaped, pinnate ; pinna? deltoid or deltoid-
o 2
100 ENGLISH BOTANY.
triangular, rarely oblong-triangular, pinnatifid, very thinly clothed with long hairs above and beneath ; lobes roundish or oval-obovate, entire ; rachis with very few scales, and mid-veins of the pinna3 with none. Indusium saucer-shaped, divided into numerous filiform segments, which are much longer than the undivided portion and incurved over the sori.
On ledges of rock, very rare and local. In Carnarvonshire, on Clogwyn-y-Garnedd, Snowdon, on precipices facing east and north- west ; rocks facing the east above Glas-Lwyn (L. Clark) ; Moel Lachog, Pass of Llanberis (Mr. L. Clark and Mr. T. Moore). Perth- shire, Ben Chouzie, near Crieff (Dr. Balfour) ; Ben Lawers (Mr. Dickson and Mr. W. Wilson) ; and in addition to these stations, Dr. Buchanan White has seen it on Larig-au-Lochan, Cam Creag, and Ben Laoigh ; it is reported from Craig Challiach and Mael-dun-Crosk ; I have gathered it on Catjaghiamman and on the mountains which separate Glen Lochy from Glen Dochart. Glen Isla, Clova, Forfar (Mr. J. Roy).
England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Plant growing in tufts of smaller size than in TV. Ilvensis, and with the fronds more persistent and usually smaller, 1 to 2 inches being the average length, and 6 inches the largest I have seen, of which the petiole is generally less than one-half. Breadth of lamina I to ! inch. Pinna? shorter and broader at the base than in W. Ilvensis, with fewer and shallower lobes ; and above all, without the thick covering of reddish hairs and scales which are on the under side of the fronds of W. Ilvensis.
Mr. Roy's specimens from Glen Isla have broader fronds, with longer, narrower, and more deeply divided pinna?, more like those of W. Ilvensis than of W. hyperborea, but they are destitute of scales on the mid-veins of the pinna? ; but some of the Moffat specimens of W. Ilvensis are almost destitute of these scales, while in others they are abundant, so that I think it very probable those authors are right who treat them as merely subspecies. Mr. Wollaston informed the late Mr. Xewman that in W. hyperborea the frond has its clusters of capsules very conspicuous, even in its youngest state and imme- diately it begins to unfold, and that its fronds are nearly persistent. In W. Ilvensis the sori are not apparent until the frond has attained its full size, and the fronds wither in autumn.
Alpine Woodsia.
FILTCES. 101
GENUS XI.— 0 YSTOPTERI S, Bernh.
Fronds produced from the upper part of the caudex and its branches, approximate or solitary, once or more times pinnate, not scaly beneath. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, nor in any portion of its length. Veins all free. Sori punctiform, round, attached to the back of the ultimate veins. Indusium hooded, attached' 'below the sorus, entire.
Name from ki'otis (kustis) a bladder, and 7rrepts (jpteris) a fern, on account of the. hooded indusium.
SPECIES I.-CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. Bernh.
Plates 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867. Polypodium fragile and P. regium, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1553.
Caudex short, rather stout, dividing into numerous short branches or crowns, clothed with the more or less approximate bases of former fronds. Fronds several, close together at the apex of each branch or crown of the caudex. Stipes from one-third as long as to as long as the lamina, slender, very brittle, rarely stouter and tough, with sparse pale linear-lanceolate scales at the base, and a few hair-like deciduous ones in the upper part, but no glands. Lamina perishing in autumn, or sub-evergreen, oblong-lanceolate or strapshaped-lanceolate, sub- tripinnate or bipinnate, lowest pair of pinnse almost always smaller than the succeeding pair, and never conspicuously larger ; pinnules serrate or crenate or pinnatifid or pinnatipartite ; teeth of ultimate segments usually entire, with the ultimate veins running in their apices, or notched with the veins running into the notches ,• rachis and lamina usually without glands. Indusium generally without glands, rarely glandular. Spores muricated with numerous long slender acute spine-like tubercles, or tuberculated with sparse large blunt tubercles.
Subspecies I.— Cystopteris eu-fragilis.
Plates 1864, 1865.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 14. C. fragilis, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 147.
Caudex short, rather stout, not creeping, dividing into several short branches or crowns, clothed with the more or less approximate bases of former fronds. Fronds several, close together at the apex of each
102 ENGLISH BOTANY.
branch or crown of the caudex. Stipes from one-third as long as to as long as the lamina, slender and very brittle, with sparse pale linear- lanceolate scales at the base, and a few hair-like deciduous ones in the upper part, but no glands. Lamina perishing in autumn, oblong-lan- ceolate or sirapshaped-lanceolate, subtripinnate or bipinnate ; lowest pair of pinnte almost always smaller than the succeeding pair, and never, conspicuously larger ; pinnules serrate or crenate or pinnatifid, or. more rarely pinnatipartite ; teeth of ultimate segments usually entire, with the ultimate veins running into their apices ; rachis and lamina almost always without glands. Indusium without glands, usually denticulate. Spores muricated with numerous long slender acute spine-like tubercles.
Var. a.genuina. Plate 1864. Cyathea fragilis, Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1587; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 298. Lamina oblong-lanceolate, subtripinnate.
Yar. /3. dentata. Hook. ?
Plate 1865.
Cyathea dentata, Smith, Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 300 ; and Cyathea angustata, Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 301 ; and Soicerby, E. B. S. No. 2790.
Lamina strapshaped-lanceolate, more parallel-sided and narrower than that of var. a, bipinnate or subpinnate.
On ledges of rock, and on walls, and among loose stones. Sparingly distributed throughout England and Scotland, except in mountainous districts where it is common ; from Cornwall, Devon and Dorset, extending north to Hoy Hill and Ronsay in Orkney. Local, but widely distributed throughout Ireland.
Yar. fS appears to be confined to mountainous districts ; at least I have not seen it except from such.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Plant growing in small tufts. Branches of the root-stalk elongating but little, the crown covered with ovate-lanceolate pale brown glabrous scales. Fronds 3 inches to 1 foot high (rarely more), of which the stipes is usually about one-third and rarely one-half, brown at the base, green and widely channelled above the middle, and containing 2 vascular bundles with oval sections. Lamina thin and flaccid, deep green when growing in shade, and yellowish-green
FTLTCES. 103
when exposed to the sun, not shining-, very variable in its degree of division and in the shape of its ultimate segments, which are some- times acute, sometimes obtuse, and vary from pinnatipartite to serrate or crenate, with the bases sometimes greater than a right angle, at other times wedge-shaped, often more or less decurrent on the lower side. From this extreme variability of shape and cutting of the pinnules or segments, I have been compelled to adopt the general outline of the frond as the mode of separating C. eu-fragilis into two varieties,
Var. dentata when typical has the frond not more than bipinnate, sometimes scarcely even bipinnate, and both the pinnae and the pinnules are blunter at the apex than in the common form. Professor Babington states that the spores of var. dentata are " warted," but in all the specimens named ' dentata ' I have examined they have the long sharp spur-like tubercles characteristic of 0. eu-fragilis.
Milde, under var. dentata, gives an Algerian form from Blidah, collected by Gr. Munby, which has verrucose spores. This I have not seen, but certainly should not refer it to eu-fragilis at all, as the striking difference between the spores seems to me the only tangible difference between C. eu-fragilis and C. alpina.
C. angustata, Sm., appears rather a finely cut form of var. dentata than a narrow form of var. genuina.
Brittle Bladder-fern.
Subspecies (?) II.— Cystopteris alpina. D^v.
Plates I860, 1867.
Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 150.
Caudex short, rather stout, dividing into several short branches or crowns, clothed with the more or less approximate bases of former fronds. Fronds several, close together at the apex of each branch or crown of the caudex. Stipes from one- third as long as to as long as the lamina, slender and very brittle, with pale linear-lanceolate scales at the base, and a few hair-like deciduous ones in the upper part, but no glands. Lamina perishing in autumn, oblong-lanceolate or strap- shaped-lanceolate, subquadripinnate or subtripinnate or rarely bi- pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae always smaller than the succeeding pair, and generally conspicuously smaller ; pinnules bipinnatifid or bipinnatipartite, rarely only pinnate ; teeth of ultimate segments mostly notched, with the ultimate veins running into the notches ; rachis and lamina without glands. Indusium without glands, denti- culate. Spores tuberculate, with sparse large blunt tubercles.
iU-t ENGLISH BOTANY.
Var. a. genuina.
Plate 1866.
Iiabpnlt. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 32.
C. alpina, Link ; Hook, fil. Stud. Fl. erl. ii. p. 495. IIool:. & BaJcer, Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p.
103. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 588. Gren. & Oodr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. II.
p. 634. C. regia, Presl ; Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 269. Koch,
Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 980. Cyathea regia, Forst. Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 302, in part. C. incisa. Sm. Engl. Bot. ed. i. No. 163. C. fragilis, var. alpina, Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 450. Aspidium alpinum, Sicartz, Syn. Fil. p. 60. Polypodium alpinum, Wulfen. Jacq. Collect. Vol. II. p. 171. Polypodium regium, Linn, f Sp. Plant. No. 1553.
Frond subquadripirmate or tripinnate; pinnules attached by a slender base, pinnatipartite or bipinnatipartite ; ultimate segments oblong and merely deeply notched, or oblanceolate and cut into oblong deeply-notched smaller segments. Ultimate veins almost all running into the notches of the segments.
Var. /3. Dickieana. Milde.
Plate 1867. MiJde, Fil. Europ. p. 151. C. Dickieana, B. Sim, Gard. Journ. 1848, p. 308. Neicm. Phyt. 1851, App. XXVI. ; and
Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 94. C. dentata (part), Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. iii. p. 412 ; and ed. vi. p. 438. C. fragilis, var. Dickieana, Moore, Handbk. Brit. Ferns, ed. i. p. 81 ; ed. iii. p. 234 ; and
Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 256. Bub. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p.
450. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 494.
Frond subbipinnate ; pinnules mostly attached by a broad base (except those next the rachis), inciso-crenate or pinnatifid ; ultimate segments roundish, indistinctly notched or subentire. Ultimate veins running into the notches when these are present, or into the middle of the crenatures when these are not notched.
On rocks and walls, very rare. Yar. a. Teesdale, Durham. Mr. Backhouse, 1872. Mr. Moore has received authentic specimens "said to have been gathered in Derbyshire and in Yorkshire, but without more particular habitats assigned," from Mr. H. Shepherd ; but he " has not seen a native mountain specimen of C. regia, unless it be one from Saddleback in Cumberland, gathered many years since by Mr. S. O. Grey." (' Nat, Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo ed. Yol. II. p. 271.) It used to grow on a garden wall at Low Leyton in Essex, and I believe it
FILICES. 105
is still to be seen on some walls in that village ; but doubtless it has originally been an escape from cultivation.
Yar. fi. In a cavern south from the harbour of Cove, Kincardine- shire, but now almost or quite extinct ; originally found there by the late Professor Knight of Aberdeen, and distributed in a living state by Dr. Dickie. The late Mr. C. Barter states he found it on rocks about two miles beyond the Cove towards Lighthouse Point, where a small rill falls over the rocks (Phyt. series ii. 1855-56, p. 509): I do not know if this statement has been authenticated by competent authority. Dr. Dickie writes that he " saw it on dripping walls and rocks near the road about 3 or 4 miles north from Dunkeld, Perthshire." Very probably some of the stations given for C. eu-fragilis, var. dentata, belong to C. alpina, var. Dickieana.
England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Plant very similar to C. eu-fragilis, and about the same size. Fronds 3 inches to 1 foot long, or a little more. Yar. a has the lamina commonly much more divided, and the primary pinna? commonly shorter and more ovate in outline, and usually more abruptly pointed than in C. eu-fragilis : the narrow ultimate segments give the pinnae some resemblance to those of Chcerophyllum Anthiscus.
Yar. j3 bears a very close resemblance to C. eu-fragilis, var. dentata. In
the wild plant of which I have seen but a single frond, both the pinna?
and the pinnules are crowded; the pinna? slightly twisted and. the
basal pinnules decurrent, and those towards the extremity of the pinna?
confluent, so that the pinna? are pinnatipartite at the base and simply
pinnatifid towards the apex. When cultivated, however, seedlings
present not only this form of frond, but others which are much more
deeply divided, so that the pinnae become bipinnate at the base and
pinnatipartite towards the apex, and cease to be contiguous. The spores
are precisely similar to those of C. alpina, having blunt rounded slightly
elevated tubercles, and not long spine-like ones such as we find on the
spores of C. eu-fragilis. This peculiarity of the spores Mr. Moore
believes to have been first pointed out by Mr. Wollaston, and it is I
think conclusive that Dr. Milde is right in referring the form
Dickieana to C. alpina and not to C. eu-fragilis. As far as my
experience goes, the sculpture of the spores is one of the most constant
characters to be found among ferns ; and after cultivating C. Dickieana
for many years, I have come to the conclusion that the tuberculatum
of the spores remains constantly identical with that of C. alpina, and
distinct from all the forms of C. eu-fragilis. In the more finely
divided seedling plants there is a decided approach to the less divided
forms of C. alpina, var. a, and the general outline of the frond is more
like that of alpina than of C. eu-fragilis var. dentata, which resembles
VOL. XII. P
106 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Dickieana in the degree of division of the pinnse and the rounded pinnules or segments. Besides the similarity of the spores Dickieana agrees with alpina in many of the ultimate veins running into the notches at the margin of the frond, and not into the teeth which border the notches. The notches, however, are much deeper in C. alpina, var. a, than in var. Dickieana, and in the latter the veins frequently run to the margin of the segment, where there is neither tooth nor notch. In C. eu-fragilis the veins, with scarcely any exception, run into projecting teeth. When first I read that Milde put Dickieana under alpina, I doubted, now I am quite convinced he was right.
Under C. alpina Milde includes Cystopteris Canariensis of Presl, which has the indusium studded with cylindrical hair-like glands ; to this Midle refers the C. sempervirens of Moore, ' Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo ed. p. 268, which has been reported from Tunbridge Wells, Kent and Devon ; but it seems probable it has either been planted or has escaped from cultivation in both places ; it may be a distinct subspecies, as it has a tough (not fragile) stipes, and a frond which is evergreen if protected from frost, which is not the case with the fronds of either eu-fragilis, alpina, or Dickieana. I have specimens from the Canaries, from the late Mr. P. B. Webb, name Cyathea gracilis, Sm. These have the spores quite similar to those of 0. alpina ; but Moore says the spores of his C. sempervirens are muricate, so probably Canariensis and sempervirens are not identical.
Alpine Bladder-fern.
SPECIES II.-CYST OPT ERIS MONTANA. Bemh.
Plate 1868.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Exsicc. No. 62.
C. myrrhidifolia, Ncivm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 97.
C. Allioni, Newm. Pliyt. 1851, App. xsv.
Cyathea montana, Sm. Mem. Acad. Koy. Sc. Journ. Vol. V. p. 417.
Aspidium montanum, Swartz in Schrad. Journ. Bot. Vol. II. p. 42 (1800).
Polypodium montanum, Lam. Fl. Fr. Vol. I. p. 23 (1778).
P. myrrhidifolium, Villars, Fl. Delph. p. 114 (1785).
Caudex elongated, slender, creeping, dividing into elongate slender branches, not covered by the approximate bases of former fronds. Fronds solitary, distant, produced from the sides of the branches of the caudex. Stipes from as long as to three or four times as long as the lamina, slender, not very brittle, with a few ovate-lanceolate acuminate entire very pale brown or white and hyaline gland-fringed and gland-tipped scales towards the base, and a few scattered nar- rowly lanceolate deciduous ones in the upper part, and also numerous minute cylindrical glands. Lamina perishing in autumn, deltoid,
FILICEB.
107
subternately tripinnate or subquadripinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae very much larger and more compound than the rest ; pinnules incised, bipinnatifid or bipinnatipartite ; teeth of the ultimate segments commonly notched, with the ultimate veins running into the notches ; rachis and lamina more or less thickly sprinkled with minute cylindrical glands. Indusium thinly sprinkled with glands, or almost glabrous. Spores muricated, with numerous short rather thick blunt spine-like tubercles.
On wet mossy shady rocks. Rare and very local. It was first found in Britain by the late Mr. W. Wilton, on Ben Lawers, Perth- shire, in 1836 ; Messrs. W. Gourlay and W. Adamson found it in 1841 on the Glenlochy Mountains, at a place called Corrach Uachdar, on Maol Oufillach, opposite Maol Ghaordie, where several other botanists have gathered it; Mr. Westcomb found it in the same district 6 or 8 miles from this last station ; I have specimens from the late Rev. W. Little and Mr. G. Maw from Glenlochy ; from Maol Ghaordie, Glenlyon, collected by Dr. Buchanan White, and Mr. J. Sadler, and from Ben Laoich, gathered by Dr. Buchanan White and Dr. H. H. Johnson. All these stations are in Perthshire. Mr. J. Backhouse has found it at the head of Canlochan Glen, Forfarshire ; and it was found by Mr. A. Croall on the north side of shady rocks on the south side of Glen Callater, near its head, Aber- deenshire. I believe all the Scotch stations for this plant are on rocks of mica-slate facing the north, but the Aberdeenshire station may be an exception.
Scotland, Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Caudex resembling that of Phegopteris Dryopteris, about the thickness of a stocking-wire, nearly black, the younger portion green clothed with large ovate hyaline scales. Fronds generally about | inch apart, but often more. Stipes from 1 j inch to 1 foot long, with a shallow furrow on the anterior side, nearly as thick as the rootstock at the base where it is dark-coloured, tapering upwards, where it becomes green ; the upper part is remarkable for the gland-fringed and gland-tipped scattered deciduous scales. Lamina li to 5 inches long, and nearly the same in width, resembling that of Phegopteris Dryopteris, but much more finely cut, and less evidently
ternate.
Mountain Bladder-fern.
p 2
108 ENGLISH BOTAXY.
Tribe IV.— ASPLENIE^.
Caudex not growing in advance of the fronds. Stipes not arti- culated to the caudex, and not separating from it. Sori oblong or linear, straight or curved, attached to the side of the veins, which are oblique to the midrib and margin of the frond or segment, generally furnished with an indusium attached longitudinally to the veins: rarely the indusium is absent.
GENUS XIL—A THYRIUM. Both.
Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, usually approxi- mated or tufted, rarely solitary, membranous, decompound. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, containing 2 vascular bundles which unite upwards, giving a horseshoe-shaped section towards the back of the stipes. Veins simple or forked, free. Scales composed of elongate cells, with their boundaries not thickened and uniform in colour with the rest of the cell. Sori oblong, rarely round, often curved or even horseshoe-shaped, attached along the side of the veins. Indusium attached to the vein of and the same shape as the sorus, sometimes crossing the vein and part of it attached to each side, sometimes rudimentary and fugacious or even absent.
Name from a without, and dvpeos (thureos), a shield, from not having a shield-shaped indusium.
In a natural arrangement of Ferns, Athyrium would occupy a place between Phegopteris and Lastrea ; it has no affinity with Asplenium or any of the allied genera.
SPECIES I.— ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Both.
No. 1869.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 24.
Asplenium Filix-fcemina, Bernh. Book. fil. Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 493. Hook. & Baker,
Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 227. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 9S1. Fries, Summ.
Veg. Scand. p. 82. Gren. & Godr. FL de Fr. Yol. III. p. 635. Aspidium Filix-fcemina, Sicartz. Sm. Engl. Bot. ed. i. No. 1459; and Engl. Fl.
Vol. IV. p. 295. Polypodium Filix-foemina, Linn. Sp. PI. 1551.
Caudex stout, erect or oblique, closely covered with the bases of former fronds, dividing early into numerous divisions or crowns, which remain closely packed together. Fronds several from each
FILICES. 109
crown, arranged shuttlecock -fashion, dying in autumn. Stipes stout or rather stout, thickened immediately above the base, chan- nelled on the anterior face, variable in length, thickly clothed at the base with lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate persistent brown scales, and rather sparingly above with lanceolate or strapshaped mostly deciduous brown scales. Lamina erect or spreading, elliptical-oblanceolate or narrowly elliptical-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, more or less attenuated towards or abrupt at the base, subbipinnate or subtripinnate or tri- pinnate ; ultimate segments crenate or serrate or inciso-serrate ; ultimate veins running into the teeth. Sori distributed over the whole of the frond, placed mostly on the anterior side of the first anterior branch of the veins running into the ultimate segments, oblong and more or less crescent-shaped or recurved at the apex, so as to be hooked or even horseshoe-shaped, rarely round. Indusium subpersistent, strongly fimbriate on the free margin, of the same form as the sori, the shape of which indeed is determined by that of the indusium ; rarely it is fugacious or apparently wanting, in which case the sori are round and naked. Spores yellowish or yellowish-brown, nearly smooth, with a few small remote bluntish tubercles, rarely with numerous tubercles.
Tar. a. genuinum.
Fronds spreading or arching backwards. Stipes short, one-sixth to one-third the length of the lamina. Lamina flaccid, elliptical oblanceo- late or broadly elliptical, conspicuously convex-sided, tapering from above the middle to the apex, and longly attenuated towards the base ; pinnse decreasing in size downwards until the lowest pair is often not more than twice as long as broad ; ultimate pinnules or segments oblong or oval-oblong or lanceolate, flat. Spore yellowish, nearly smooth.
Tar. /3. erectum.
A. Pihagticuni, ' BotTi' Moore, Handbk. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 136.
A. convexum, Nevcm. (part) Pliyt. 1851, App. xiii., and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 212.
Fronds suberect. Stipes often rather long, from one-sixth to one- half the length of the lamina. Lamina rather firmer than in var. a. oblong elliptical or oblong, subparallel-sided, tapering more towards the apex than towards the base, which is rather abrupt ; pinnae not decreasing so much in length downwards as in var. a, and the lowest pair being many times longer than broad ; ultimate
HO ENGLISH BCTANY.
pinnules or segments strapshaped or linear-triangular, often convex, with the edges recurved, at least when grown in exposed places. Spores yellowish, nearly smooth.
Yar. y. Watsoni.
A. incisum, ' Roth' Newm. (?) Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 215. Watson in Lond. Cat. Brit. PI. ed. vii. p. 27. See H. C. W. in Comp. Cyb. Brit. p. 622 ; and Top. Bot. p. 496.
Fronds suberect. Stipes long, about half the length of the lamina in the specimens I have seen. Lamina very firm, lanceolate-oblong or subtriangular-oblong, tapering towards the apex, but very little towards the base, which is very abrupt ; pinnae scarcely decreasing in length downwards, the lowest pair often as long as the succeeding pair ; ultimate pinnules strapshaped-triangular, flat. Spores yellowish- brown, with numerous small blunt tubercles.
In woods, banks of streams, and on hillsides, moors, and ledges of rock, a and ft common, and generally distributed.
Yar. y very scarce, and known only from roots in Mr. H. C. Watsons garden, which he supposes to have been brought from South Wales.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Caudex dividing soon into a number of crowns, so that a patch of the plant increases rapidly, and assumes a tufted appearance from the numerous small crowns remaining together. Stipes commonly rather stout, containing two vascular bundles, which are very con- spicuous in section, looking like two letters c turned back to back. Scales more or less numerous, brown, sometimes with a dark central stripe, the upper ones narrower than the lower, which are always most abundant on the thickened portion at the base of the stipes. Fronds very variable in the degree of approximation of pinnas and pinnules, in the degree to which the latter are divided, and in the size to which they attain ; fronds sufficiently developed to bear fructifica- tion, being found as small as 9 inches long, while in rich woods they attain 3 or 4 feet in height.
The different forms, however, vary so much when cultivated, not merely in size but in the approximation of the pinnas and pin- nules, as well as in the general shape and division of the latter, that it seems best to distribute the ordinary forms under two varieties only, and very often even these are distinguished with difficulty.
Yar. a has the fronds ascending, and, when large, recurved at the apex, so as to be drooping. The stipes and rachis seem to be always green, the frond thin in texture, and the ultimate pinnae flat. Athy-
FILICES. Ill
rium molle, Roth, Newman, appears to me merely a young or weak form of var. a: it has the pinnules approximate, only serrate or crenate, and often connected by a wing on each side of the partial rachis, so that the frond is scarcely so much as bipinnate ; but wild specimens having these characters, although large enough to bear sori, on being transplanted into rich soil and cultivated, have developed into the larger and more compound forms of var. a, which we find growing naturally in woods. If these small forms be culti- vated in pots or on dry rock-work, the dwarf and little-divided state of the fronds remains constant, and it is perhaps from treating them in this manner that the idea has originated that molle is a permanent variety. Var. marinum, Moore, var. confluens, Moore, var. allatum, Moore, and var. latifolium, Bab., seem to me all small forms of var. a, while the beautiful form "plumosum" (Phegopteris plumosa, J. Smith, 'Ferns British and Foreign,' p. 28), which has tripinnate fronds and strapshaped serrate or inciso-serrate, longly-acuminate ultimate pin- nules, can only be considered as a monstrosity, as it either does not fruit at all, or produces round sori without an indusium or with a very rudimentary one. The original plant of plumosum was found near Skipworth in Yorkshire, by Mr. J. Horsefall, and from the spores of these, plants similar to the parents have been raised. This propagation of abnormal forms by spores may perhaps, as previously stated, be owing to asexual production of plants from the prothallia similar to that observed in Pteris serrulata ; these plants would then be merely produced by budding, and therefore retain all the pecu- liarities of the individual from which they were derived. Forms more or less approximating to plumosum have been found in various localities. I am favoured with a specimen cultivated from Mr. G. B. Wollaston, labelled from Dorsetshire, J. S. Wells. This, however, is not so completely tripinnate as the Yorkshire plant, though very nearly so, and the ultimate segments are shorter and broader. I possess one received from Messrs. Sang of Kirkcaldy, in which some of the fronds are like the ordinary fronds of the less divided forms of var. a ; while in others the pinnae are deeply pinnatifid, and again cut into oblong lobes. This is named " plumosum Axminster fertile ;" but it is much less finely divided than the Todmorton form, and that called var. dissectum Wollaston.
In Orkney I found a small form, which I suppose would be called molle by those who retain this as a variety, in which a large portion of the sori were round and without indusium ; but as these fronds were gathered in the end of July, the sori may have had an indusium when younger. A plant of this form which I brought home died, so I was unable to make further observations.
Yar. /3, when growing in exposed situations, is remarkable for its pinnaa being convex, the margins being reflexed, so that the pinnae appear very narrow and disconnected ; but a plant of this form under a foot high has developed in cultivation into a plant 3 feet high, with
112 ENGLISH BOTANY.
flat or nearly flat pinnules, and from having a pale green colour tinged with reddish-brown, it has become deep green. It has, how- ever, retained the erect habit and narrower parallel-sided form of frond much more abrupt at the base than in var. a. Specimens similar to this garden form abound in woods. They have usually a long stout stipes, which is sometimes green, but perhaps more often dull vinous-red, which colour is continued through the rachis.
Var. y should perhaps be regarded as a subspecies. I know it only from specimens and a living root sent me by Mr. H. C. Watson. It has more the aspect of var. (3 than of var. a, but has a still stouter and longer green stipes, with the scales more numerous, more per- sistent, and of a darker maroon colour than is usual in vars. a and /3, and has a more rigid lamina, broader in proportion to its length, and tripinnate, with the ultimate segments linear-oblong, with two or three narrowly triangular teeth towards the apex. The dimensions of a well-developed specimen are stipes 2 feet, lamina 2 feet 6 inches by 1 foot ; lowest pinnee 5 to 5 J inches in length ; the lamina broadest, about ^ of its length above the base, not beyond the middle, as in var. a. The spores have the yellow colour more tinged with brown, and a surface with more conspicuous and more numerous blunt tubercles than in vars. a and /3. Mr. Watson considers this the Athyrium incisum of Newman, and it is very probable that Mr. Newman's description was taken from var. Watsoni ; but he says the " geographical range " of his incisum is " general, it requires only damp vegetable soil, shade, and absence from molestation." I have therefore little doubt that under his incisum he included the large and more divided forms of vars. a and ft. Mr. T. Moore's var. incisum, which he describes with " fronds drooping," must be a divided form of our var. a. Aspidium irriguum, Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 2199, and Engl. Fl. vol. iv. p. 296, found at Tunbridge Wells, is a young state of var. (3.
Lady-fern.
SPECIES II.— A THYRIUM ALPESTRE. Milde.
Plates 1871, 1872. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 53.
Aspleniuin alpestre, Mettenius in Abh. Seukenb. Naturf. Gesellsch. 1850, p. 242. Phegopteris alpestris, Mettenius, Fil. Hort. Soc. Lips. p. 83. Polypodium alpestre, Hoppe. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, Vol. I. p. 76. Hook. fil.
Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 498. Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. cd. ii. p. 311. Koch, Syn. Fl.
Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 974. P. Khteticuni ' Pallas,' Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Grcn. & Godr. Fl. de Fr.
Vol. III. p. 628. (Non Linn, teste Moore.) Aspidium alpestre, ScMuhr, Krypt. GeD. p. 58. Aspidium Rhreticuni, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 59.
Caudex rather stout, erect or oblique, closely covered by the bases
FILICES.
113
of former fronds, dividing into several divisions or crowns, which remain closely packed together. Fronds several from each crown, arranged shuttlecock-fashion, dying in autumn. Stipes rather stout, thickened immediately above the base, nearly flat on the anterior face, variable in length, but usually short, rather thickly clothed at the base, and sparingly above, with broadly-ovate and triangular lanceolate, acuminate hyaline or very pale brown scales, intermingled with numerous minute hair-like ones, most of which are deciduous. Lamina suberect or ascending or spreading, narrowly elliptical-oblong or oblong, or strapshaped-lanceolate, more or less attenuated towards the base, bipinnate or subtripinnate ; ultimate segments crenate or serrate or inciso-serrate. Ultimate veins running into the teeth. Son distributed over the whole of the frond, except the base or the apex, placed on the first anterior branch of the vein running into the ulti- mate segments, or on several of the branches, circular. Indnsium very minute, very finely lacerate, fugacious, often absent. Spores brown, tuberculate, with numerous small blunt unequal tubercles.
Subspecies I.— Athyrium eu-alpestre.
Plate 1870.
Rabenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 84.
Pseudathyriuni alpestre, Neicm. Pliyt. 1851, p. 370; and App. xix. and 1853, p. 974;
and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 200. Asplenium alpestre, Rabenh. 1. c. No. 84. Phegopteris alpestris, J. Smith, Hist. Fil. p. 33. Polypudiuni alpestre, Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 445.
Caudex stout, erect or oblique, closely covered by the bases of former fronds, dividing into several divisions or crowns, which remain closely packed together. Fronds several from each crown, arranged shuttlecock-fashion, dying in autumn. Stipes rather stout, straight, thickened immediately above the base, nearly flat on the anterior face rather short, one-sixth to one-fourth the length of the lamina, rather thickly clothed at the base and sparingly above with broadly-ovate and triangular-lanceolate acuminate very pale brown scales, intermingled with numerous hair-like ones, most of which are deciduous. Lamina suberect or ascending, elliptical-oblong or narrowly oblong, attenu- ated towards the base and apex, bipinnate or subtripinnate; lower pinna? spreading, upper ones ascending, not more distant than the lower ones ; pinnules or ultimate segments broadest at the base, crenate or crenate-serrate or inciso-crenate ; lobes entire or toothed at the apex.
VOL. XII. Q
J 14 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Ultimate veins running into the teeth. Sori distributed over the whole of the frond, except a few pairs of pinnae towards the base, placed on the first anterior branch of the vein running- into the pinnules or ultimate segments, or on several of the branches. Indusium very minute, very finely lacerate, fugacious, often absent. Spores brown, tuberculate, with numerous small blunt unequal tubercles.
Var. a. genuinum.
Frond narrowly oblong, sometimes strapshaped-oblong, subparallel- sided towards the middle; pinnae acuminate; pinnules strapshaped- lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, acute, separated, sometimes convex from the margins being reflexed.
Yar. /3. obtusatum.
Fronds oblong-elliptical, with the sides more or less curved outwards towards the middle ; pinna) tapering gradually towards the apex, but not acuminate ; pinnules oval-oblong or oblong, approximate, obtuse, generally flat. /
Amongst stones and on.rocks in*nlpine districts, frequent on high- land mountains above 1800 to 4000 feet. It occurs on all the high mountains of Perthshire; on the Clova Mountains, Forfarshire ; and Braemar Mountains, Aberdeen ; first found on mountains near Dalwhin- nie and on Ben Alder, Inverness-shire, in 1841, by Mr. H. C. Watson. It is recorded also from the counties of Banff, Argyle, and Sutherland.
Yar. a, judging from the specimens I have, appears much more frequent than var. |3, which grows side by side with var. a. I have it from Lochnagar, Canlochan, Ben Hope, Ben Lawers, and the Clova Mountains.
Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Fronds 1 to 3 feet high, extremely similar to those of A. Filix- fcemina, var. a simulating A. Filix-foemina var. erectum, and var. /3 A. Filix-foemina genuinum, though the two forms of eu-alpestre are less distinct than the above-named vars. of Filix-foemina : A. alpestre, var. a having the frond attenuated towards the base, and var. (3 having the frond narrower than in Filix-fcemina genuinum; but even in the barren state eu-alpestre may be distinguished by its stipes being scarcely channelled above (there the rachis is), and with much broader and paler scales, which are almost white and hyaline when the frond first begins to expand. The most striking difference, how- ever, lies in the round son', which arises from their shape not being
FILICES. 115
modified by a firm and persistent iDdusium ; the spores also are darker coloured and conspicuously tuberculate, in this respect very different from the yellow, nearly smooth, spores of A. Filix-foemina vars. a and ft; but in A. Filix-foemina var. Watsoni the spores show some approximation towards those of A. eu-alpestre.
The great majority of botanists place the present plant in the genus Polypodium or in the genus Phegopteris when they separate the latter from the former. The late Mr. E. Newman founded the genus Pseudathyrium upon it, but I think there is no doubt that Milde is right in placing it in the genus Athyrium, with which it agrees in every character except in the round naked sori ; but then in several abnormal forms of A. Filix-fcemina the sori are round and naked, or with an imperfectly developed indusium, and in some otherwise ordinary forms of the same Fern the indusium falls away early, and the sori become round. On the other hand, in the very early stages of A. alpestre a rudimentary indusium may be found at least occa- sionally. The disposition of the curved vascular bundles of the petiole is precisely similar in the two plants, as well as their mode of growth, vernation, and venation. I myself have doubts whether A. alpestre should not be considered as merely a subspecies of A. Filix-fceniina. (See Duval Juve in ' Annot. Fl. de Fr. et d'All.,' pub. par C. Billot, pp. 57 and 149 to 151.)
Alpine Lady-fern.
Subspecies (?) II.— Athyrium flexile.
A. alpestre var. flexile, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 53.
Pseudathyrium flexile, Neiom. Phyt. 1853, p. 974; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 201.
Phegopteris flexilis, /. Smith, Hist. Fil. p. 233.
Polypodium flexile, Moore, Handb. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 225. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed.
vii. p. 44:5. P. alpestre, var. flexile, Moore, Handb. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 59 ; and Nat. Print. Ferns,
8vo. ed. vol. i. p. 76. Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 311. P. alpestre, /3. pumile, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 581 ; and Hook. fil. Stud. Fl
ed. ii. p. 498.
Caudex stout, erect or oblique, closely covered by the bases of former fronds, dividing into several divisions or crowns, which remain closely packed together. Fronds several from each crown arranged shuttlecock-fashion, dying in autumn. Stipes rather stout, bent back- wards and thickened immediately above the base, nearly flat on the anterior face, very short, often reduced merely to the enlarged portion above the base, and rarely more than one-eighth the length of the lamina, rather thickly clothed throughout with ovate and lanceolate pale brown scales, intermingled with hair-like ones, most of which are deciduous. Lamina spreading or spreading-ascending, strap-
116 ENGLISH BOTANY.
shaped lanceolate, more attenuated towards the apex than towards the base, bipinnate ; lower pinnse deflexed, upper ones spreading and more distant ; pinnules narrowed at the base, inciso-serrate ; lobes toothed at the apex ; ultimate veins running into the teeth. Sori distributed over the basal half of the frond, the apex being destitute of them, placed on the first anterior branch of the veins running into the pinnules or on several of the branches. Indusium very minute, very finely lacerate, fugacious, but rarely absent when the fronds unfold. Spores brown, tuberculate, with rather numerous small blunt irregular tubercles.
Very rare and local. At the head of Glen Prosen, Clova, Forfar- shire. Great Corrie on Ben Alder, Inverness-shire.
Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Fronds 3 to 12 inches long, with an extremely short stipes; in cultivation the stipes is often confined to the enlarged basal portion which remains attached to the caudex. Scales more numerous and more of them ovate-triangular than in A. eu-alpestre. Lamina nar- rower— in wild specimens from Ben Alder collected by Dr. Buchanan White, with lamina between 3 and 4 inches long, the breadth is from 1 to 1£ inch at the broadest part, which is about one-third above the base. Pinnules narrowed towards the base, while in P. eu-alpestre they are broadest towards the base. The most remarkable feature in this Fern is that the sori appear not to be produced on the apical portion of the frond, they are most numerous in the basal third, and it is but rarely that any can be found in the apical third.
I have great hesitation in separating this as a subspecies from A. eu-alpestre, because the character of the basal part of the frond being soriferous and not the apex, is so unusual among Ferns, that it may be suspected to be an abnormal form or monstrosity, and as this I should have regarded it had Mr. Backhouse's original station in Glen Prosen been the only one in which it occurred. But the Ben Alder specimens are similar, and in cultivation the plant becomes even more dissimilar from A. eu-alpestre than the wild specimens. I have had cultivated plants from Glen Prosen, where I believe it is now almost extinct, from Mr. Backhouse, and from Ben Alder from Mr. A. Craig Christie and Dr. F. Buchanan White. Mr. A. C. Christie tells me that A. flexile fruits when only 3 inches long, and A. alpestre growing with it not under 9 or 10 inches.
Dr. P. Buchanan White, who is one of the few botanists who have published detailed descriptions of A. eu-alpestre and A. flexile, after having observed both forms in their native localities, says, in the 'Scottish Naturalist,' 1881, p. 45: "The general appearance and habit of flexile afford one of the best points of distinction. Aljje^frc
FILICES. 117
lias erect fronds with a general appearance, as is well known, very similar to that of Athyrium Filix-fccmina, for which indeed it was long mistaken. Flexile on the other hand, has somewhat narrower and more tapering fronds, with the stipes bent or elbowed a little above its attachment to the rachis (caudex ? Ed.), and in consequence the frond is far from erect, and, in fact in many cases is nearly parallel to the surface of the earth, which, with the deflexed pinnae and the pinnules narrowed at the base, give a very distinct appearance. In addition, it is almost invariably smaller than alpestre — generally very much smaller — and, though the name implies a more pliant structure than alpestre, I think in reality it is more rigid."
Flexile Lady-fern.
GENUS XIII.-A SPLENIUM. Linn.
Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, usually approximated, rarely solitary, often coriaceous or subcoriaceous, varying from simple to decompound, not densely scaly beneath. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, containing 1 or 2 vascular bundles which unite upwards, and give a 3- or 4-lobed section in the centre of the stipes. Veins simple or forked, free. Scales composed of short cells, with their boundaries greatly thickened, and of a much deeper brownish-red colour than the rest of the cell. Sori oblong or linear, straight or slightly curved, attached along the side of the veins. Indusium attached along the vein, of the same shape as the sorus.
Name from a (a) without, aud cnrkijv (splcn) the spleen, which like the English name (Spleenwort), indicates the belief formerly entertained that the plant was a remedy for disorders of the spleen.
SPECIES I.-ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. Bemh.
Plate 1872.
Babcnh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 33.
A. Halleri, Spreng. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 982. Gren. & Godr. Fl.
de Fr. vol. iii. p. 635. Babenh. 1. c. Athyrium fontanum and A. Halleri, Both, Fl. Germ. vol. iii. pp. 59 and 60. Aspidium fontanum, Swartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 2024. Polypodium fontanum, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1550.
Caudex short, dividing into several scaly crowns ; scales strap- shaped-triangular, entire, very acute. Fronds several from each crown, ascending or spreading. Stipes wiry, much shorter than the lamina, purplish-brown at the base, green at the upper part, margin with a
118 ENGLISH* BOTANY.
few linear-triangular dark brown quickly deciduous scales. Lamina firm but not coriaceous, glabrous, dim, evergreen, strapshaped-oblan- ceolate or strapshaped-elliptical, longly tapering towards the base, and acuminate at the apex, bipinnate or subbi pinnate; lowest pair of pinnae very minute and smaller than the succeeding pair, deltoid-ovate, pinnate or pinnatipartite, more or less deflexed, the middle ones triangular- ovate or oblong, spreading ; basal pinnules roundish, narrowed at the base, somewhat palmately inciso-serrate, with mucronate teeth. Rachis green, usually glabrous, margined, winged ; partial rachides broadly winged so as to connect the bases of the pinnules. Pinnules with a flexuous mid-vein which gives off simple branches running to the teeth. Sori shortly oblong, often slightly curved, attached to the ultimate veins nearer to the midrib of the pinnules than to their margin, often ultimately confluent. Indusium entire or nearly so. Spores brown, muricato-tuberculate, with short rather large pointed tubercles.
On rocks and walls. A very doubtful native. On a garden wall at Ashfield Lodge near Petersfield, Hants, Rev. W. H. Hawker ; on an old garden wall at Furze Down, Tooting, Surrey (station now destroyed), 1845, Mr. Gibbs; formerly on Amersham Church, Berks, found by Mr. Bradney according to Hudson ; at " Swanage Cove, near Tillevilly, Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, and between Lang-Ywlch and Tremaddock," 1852, Dr. Power, Moore; near Matlock, Derbyshire, Mr. H. Shep- herd; rocks in Wharncliffe Wood, Yorkshire, 1838, Mr. R. M. Red- head ; Northumberland, Mr. J. Backhouse, Bab. Man., but not included in Baker's 'Flora of Northumberland and Durham,' 18G8 ; rocks near Alnwick Castle, T. Moore ; " Mr. Hudson gathered the same plant in a stony situation near Wybourn in Westmoreland, or rather, perhaps, Wiborne in Cumberland," Smith. " We have also been informed by Mr. D. Hutchison, formerly gardener at Bexley Abbey, Kent, that lie has himself gathered this species in 1842, on moist rocks near the sea, a short distance north-east of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, in a spot that has since been disturbed by the formation of the Aberdeen rail- way, so that in 1849 he was not successful in refinding it." (Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo ed. vol. ii. 18G3.) " Mr. W. 0. Needham of Farnham, gave me the enclosed specimen of Asplenium fontanum, which he informs me were gathered by himself on the Cave Hill near Belfast, Co. Antrim, Ireland." (Edward Newman on label of specimen purchased at sale of collection of Botanical Society of London.) Not included in the ' Cybele Hibernica.'
England? Scotland? Ireland ? Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
FILTCES. 119
Stipes i to \ the length of the lamina, Lamina 2 \ inches long by -| inch wide, to 9 inches long by \\ inch wide, decreasing gradually towards the base as in Athyrium Filix-fcemina, var. genuinum and Lastrea Oreopteris, a character which distinguishes it from all the other British species of Asplenium. The texture of the fronds though firm, is not coriaceous, they are of a bright deep-green colour, and not shining.
Koch makes two varieties of this plant, viz. a. pedicularifolium, and /3. angustatum. The latter differs merely in its smaller size and less divided pinnae, which are scarcely again pinnate. These varieties seem mainly to be dependent on situation, which causes one form to be more luxuriant than the other.
Smooth Bock Spleemcort.
SPECIES II.— ASPLENIUM LANCEOLATUM. Buds.
Plate 1873. BabenJi. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 113 and 114.
Caudex short, dividing into several scaly crowns ; scales subulate, dentate, with setaceous points. Fronds several from each crown, ascending or spreading or pendent. Stipes wiry, shorter than the lamina, purplish-brown throughout, or rarely green in the upper part, faintly channelled above, with a few scattered hair-like dark-brown scales. Lamina firm but not coriaceous, glabrous, dim, evergreen, lanceolate or strapshaped-lanceolate, more rarely strapshaped, scarcely attenuated towards the abrupt base, acuminate towards the apex, bipinnate or rarely only once pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae a little smaller than the succeeding pair, oblong or oblong-triangular, sub- sessile or very shortly stalked, spreading or occasionally deflexed ; middle pinnae similar to the basal ones, but usually a little longer ; pinnules or ultimate segments obovate or oblanceolate or ovate- rhombic, wedgeshaped at the base, dentate or crenate-dentate, with mucronate teeth towards the apex, the larger ones often inciso-pin- natifid. Rachis mostly purplish at the base, especially on the under- side, green on the upper part, margined, with hair-like scales •, partial rachides narrowly winged, sometimes often connecting the bases of the pinnules. Pinnules with a tiexuous mid-vein which gives off forked or simple branches running to the teeth. Sori shortly oblong, straight, attached to the ultimate veins, nearer to the margin of the pinnules than to the midrib. Indusium entire. Spores brown, muri- cate-tuberculate, wTith rather large pointed tubercles.
120 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Yar. a. genuinum.
Fronds bipinnate, or when small pinnate ; pinnae pinnatipartite or pinnatifid, acute or subacute ; pinnules or ultimate segments obovate or oblanceolate or rhombic-ovate, with large acuminate mucronate teeth, which are as long as, or longer than broad.
Yar. /3. obovatum. Gren. and Godr.
A. obovatum, Viviani. Guss. Fl. Sic. Syn. p. 662.
Fronds pinnate ; pinnae pinnatipartite or pinnatifid, more rarely again pinnate, obtuse ; ultimate segments large, roundish-obovate, with large rounded apiculate or shortly mucronate teeth, which are not so long as broad.
Yar. y. microdun. Moore. A. marinum var. microdon, Moore, Ferns of Great Brit. Nat. Print, folio cd. sub tab. 38.
" Frond pinnate ; pinnas undulated, with apiculate-dentate margins, the lower ones distinct, obtuse, obliquely triangular, or unequally cordate-subhastate, lobate below ; upper ones narrower, confluent. Sori short." (Moore, Handb. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. vol. ii. p. G7.)
On ledges of rock, and walls and banks. Local. Frequent in Devon, Cornwall, and Somerset ; it also occurs at Tunbridge Wells, on both the Sussex and Kent side of the stream which divides these counties, near the high rocks, and also on rocks in Eridge Park, Sussex; at Frenchey, Beechly, and near Stapleton, Gloucestershire ; and in the counties of Pembroke, Glamorgan, Merioneth, Denbigh, Carnarvon. Aery rare in Ireland ; on both sides of the town of Kinsale, Cork, Mr. I. Carroll, from whom I have specimens, and on an old tower at Reen- cahirne, and on Ballycaibery Castle, near Cahirciveen, Rev. S. Madden, Sup. ' Cyb. Hib.' Of var. /3 I have specimens from Mr. I. W. N. Keys, from rocks near Tavistock, Devon, which I cannot distinguish from the ordinary Asplenium obovatum of the Mediter- ranean district.
" Yar. microdon is a native of Guernsey, and was found in 1855 first by Miss Wilkinson, and subsequently in other stations by Miss Mansell, of the Quesne, and Mr. C. Jackson, to the latter of whom we are indebted for specimens and for our knowledge of the plant. Mr. Jackson informs us that it grows on banks of rough masonry without mortar, and intermixed with Asplenium lanceolatum, at some
FILICES. 121
distance from the sea. It lias been found within a short distance of Penzance by Mr. J. Mager, and this plant, which is somewhat more divided than the Guernsey form, proves incontestably its relationship to the species to which we refer it." (Moore, 1. c. p. 73.)
England, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Caudex with the crowns closely packed together, clothed with long linear-subulate and filiform dentate scales, which appear to be dark brown, but, when examined under a lens, are seen to be white and hyaline, with a network formed by thick reddish-brown longi- tudinal and transverse bars, which are the boundaries between the cells ; the partitions project at the margins of the scales in the form of very minute teeth : these scales are good examples of the clathrate scales which distinguish the genus Asplenium from Athyrium. The stipes is shining, purplish-brown, thickly clothed with articulated hair-like scales when unfolding, but ultimately nearly glabrous, variable in length even in the same tuft, very rarely as long as the lamina, and usually only one-third or one-fourth 'as long, containing two oval vascular bundles. Lamina variable in size, but generally under 6 inches long by 1^ inch broad. The largest I have is 9 inches long by 3^ broad, with a stipes of 9 inches long ; it was collected in a well in Jersey by Dr. J. A. Power. The fronds are of a deep bright green, without any lustre, and are evergreen if protected from frost, to which they are, however, very susceptible ; so that the plant can- not be cultivated out of doors, at least in the greater part of Britain. The fronds vary in thickness, and are sometimes translucent, but more generally they are opaque, and, when growing in exposed situations, frequently have the pinnules recurved.
Var. /3 seems to pass insensibly into the typical form.
Var. y I have never seen, but, judging from the impression in Moore's ' Nature-printed Ferns,' it is a most extraordinary variety, simulating Asplenium marinum.
Lanceolate Spleenwort.
SPECIES III.-ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM.
Linn.
Plates 1874 and 1875. Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 35, 36, and 115.
Caudex short, divided into several scaly crowns ; scales linear- subulate, entire, tapering into long setaceous points. Fronds several from each crown, ascending or spreading or pendent. Stipes wiry, generally as long as and sometimes longer than the lamina, purplish-
VOL. XTI. R
122 E.VGLTSH BOTAXY.
brown throughout, or rarely green in the upper |3art, channelled above, with a few scattered hair-like deciduous dark-brown scales. Lamina coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous, usually shining, ever- green, triangular-lanceolate or triangular -oblong or triangular or deltoid-ovate, not attenuated towards the abrupt base, bipinnate or tri- pinnate, more rarely quadripinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae larger than the succeeding pair, ovate or lanceolate, conspicuously stalked, ascending-spreading or ascending straight or curved upwards ; middle pinnae similar to the basal ones, but smaller and usually less divided ; pinnules or ultimate segments oblanceolate or ovate or rhombic- elliptical or strapshaped, serrate or crenate-serrate at least towards the apex ; teeth acute, sometimes shortly mucronate. Rachis usually purplish-brown in the lower part, green in the upper part, margined ; glabrous partial rachides narrowly winged, with the wing connecting the bases of the pinnules. Pinnules with a flexuous mid-vein which gives off forked or simple branches, running into the teeth. Sori linear-oblong or strapshaped, straight, attached to the ultimate veins, much nearer the midrib of the pinnules or ultimate segments than to their margins, often ultimately confluent. Indusium entire. Spores muricate-tuberculate, with rather large pointed tubercles.
Var. a. genuinum.
Plate 1874.
Stipes usually as long as the lamina, and frequently exceeding it. Lamina coriaceous, opaque, shining with a greasy lustre, triangular- lanceolate, shortly acuminate, bipinnate or subtripinnate ; lower pinnae ascending, nearly straight ; all the pinnae acute or shortly acuminate ; basal pinnules of the lower pinna? not contiguous, lanceolate or rhombic-lanceolate, pinnate or pinnatipartite or piunatifid, subobtuse or subacute ; ultimate pinnules or segments ascending, subacute, toothed towards the apex ; teeth longer than broad, gradually acute.
Tar. ft. obtusum. Kit. and Milde.
Var. obtusatum, Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 76. Babenh. 1. c.
No. 36. A. obtusum, Kit. in Herb. Willd. No. 19,927 (teste Mild.). Non Presl.
Stipes usually shorter than the lamina, and rarely exceeding it. Lamina coriaceous, opaque, shining with a greasy lustre, triangular- ovate, more rarely lanceolate-ovate, acuminate bipinnate or (rarely)
FILICES.
123
subtripinnate ; pinnae spreading or spreading-ascending, straight ; all the pinnse obtuse or subobtuse, very rarely acuminated ; basal pinnules of the lower pinnae contiguous obovate or ovate or rhombic-ovate, lobed or incised or pinnatipartite ; ultimate segments ascending, obtuse or crenate-serrate or dentate serrate towards the apex ; teeth often no longer than broad, subacute, very shortly acuminate and subacute or very shortly mucronate.
Var. y. Serpenfini. Koch.
A. Adiantum-nigruin, var. obtusum, Moore in Journ. Bot. 1861, p. 129. Hook. fil. Stud.
Fl. ed. ii. p. 493 ; Hook. & Bah. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 214. A. Serpentini, Tausch. Fl. 1839, p. 477. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 86. Babenh. 1. c. No. 115. A. obtusmn, Presl, non Kit. (teste Milde).
Stipes as long as the lamina, or often exceeding it, more con- spicuously margined than in vars. a, /3, and y. Lamina coriaceous or subcoriaceous, opaque, scarcely shining but with a faint satiny lustre, ovate-triangular or triangular, gradually acute, tripinnate or subquadripinnate ; lower pinnae ascending-spreading or spreading, straight, rarely slightly curved towards the apex of the frond, subacute, very rarely acuminated ; basal pinnules of the lower pinnae separated, rhombic deltoid, pinnate or subbipinnate ; ultimate pinnules or segments ascending-spreading, wedgeshaped at the base, obtuse or subobtuse and crenate-dentate at the apex, with the teeth as long as or longer than broad.
Var. (?) y. acutum. Pollini.
Plate 1875.
A. Onopteris, var. a. acutum, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 87.
A. Adiantum-nigrum, var. Virgilii, Heufler, Willk. & Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp. Vol. I. p. 7.
A. acutum, " Bory, MS." Willd. Spec. Plant. Vol. V. p. 347. Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns,
ed. iii. p. 230. A. Virgilii, Guss. Fl. Sic. Syn. p. 662. A. productum, Lowe, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 1838, p. 524.
Stipes generally much exceeding the lamina. Lamina subcoriaceous, translucent, faintly shining with a strong satiny lustre, ovate- triangular, longly acuminate, almost cordate, mostly tripinnate or subquadripinnate ; lower pinnae spreading-ascending at the base, and then curved upwards towards the apex of the frond, acuminate and very acute or subacute ; basal pinnules of the lower pinnae much separated, narrowly rhombic or rhombic-triangular, pinnate or sub-
124. ENGLISH BOTANY.
bi pinnate ; ultimate pinnules or segments ascending-erect, longly wedgeshaped at the base, very acute, serrate, with mucronate teeth longer than broad.
On rocks, walls, and banks. Yars. a and /3 not very abundant, but generally distributed, extending north to Orkney and Shetland. Frequent throughout Ireland.
Var. y. Serpentini, on serpentine rocks, at Cabrach, in Aberdeen- shire, on the confines of Banffshire, where it was discovered by the Rev. Andrew Christie. To this var. I am inclined to refer also a plant sent me by Mr. G. H. Kinahan, labelled " On serpentine a little south-west of Glendalough Hotel, Connemara."
Var. y. acutum appears to be confined to the south-west of Ireland. I have specimens from Glen Carragh, Mr. G. Maw ; Killarney, Mr. E. T. Bennett; and Bandon Hill, near Peafield, Rev. J. Allen. Mr. G. H. Kinahan writes to me that it is frequent in Connemara, Galway, and S.W. Mayo, but I have not seen specimens. Mr. H. C. Watson reports it from Surrey, and Dr. Lowe from Norfolk. Besides these localities it is reported from Jersey ; from Combe Royal, south Devon ; and the walls of the cathedral of St. Asaph, Wales ; but as I have not seen specimens from these places, I do not know if they belong to acutum, as I understand it, or are merely finely divided states of var. a.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
A very variable plant, which Milde and others divide into 3 sub- species, and certainly taking the typical forms of each of these one is much inclined to endorse their opinion ; but these principal forms are so intimately connected by intermediates, and the characters become so crossed, that I have found myself compelled to agree with those writers who regard them all as forms of one species. It is not, as in the case of the Lastreas, that we have distinct forms of which there arc abundant individuals connected by intermediate forms of which there are few individuals : the types of the distinct forms of Lastrea are abundant, the intermediates scarce, and each inter- mediate form occurs only where the two typical forms which it connects grow together.
Very different from this is the case of Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, in which there are far more individuals of the connecting forms than of the type-forms of two out of the three possible subspecies, at least in Britain and central Europe ; while in the south of Europe and the Canary Isles another type-form becomes prevalent, and the inter- mediates which connect it with the form most common in Britain are more abundant than the northern form.
FILICES.
125
The first of Milde's subspecies "nigrum," Heufler, contains _ the forms here called genuinum and obiusatum. It is the least divided of the three, and has usually the stipes not exceeding the lamina, which is usually about 6 or 8* inches long, by 2 to 3 inches across the broadest part at the base ; the frond is coriaceous and opaque with a greasy lustre, the ultimate segments are convex on the outer side. Milde's var. obtusatum is a less developed form, with the stipes usually shorter in proportion to the frond, which is rarely above 4 inches in length, and sometimes as little as 2 inches ; it is less divided, and sometimes scarcely bipinnate ; the ultimate segments are rounder and more obtuse than in var. genuinum, into which it passes insensibly, and is scarcely worthy of the name of a variety. Milde gives as one of the characters of his first form that there is only a solitary vascular bundle in the stipes, while in the second subspecies there are 1 or 2 bundles, and in the third two. I fear little reliance can be placed upon this character ; in all the specimens I have examined there are two vascular bundles in the stipes where it starts from the caudex. These two bundles approach each other and coalesce before reaching the lamina. In small specimens the coalescence occurs much nearer the base than in large ones, but the point at which it does occur appears to depend on the degree to which the stipes is developed. Speaking of the petiole of Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, Mons. Duval Jouve says : " A leur base dilate'e ils pre'sentent de_ chaque cote et presque contre la peripheric un faisceau fibro-vasculaire simple, dont la coupe est re'niforme oblique; plus haut, ces deux faisceaux se rapprochent vers le centre sans jamais se fondre en un seul " (Billot, Annot. Fl. de Fr. et d'All.' p. 247). My experience is contrary to this, as I find the two bundles always ultimately coalesce, and some- times indeed very near the base ; so I suspect the unity or duality of the vascular bundles varies in different specimens.
The second subspecies, " Serpentini," Tausch., appears to be confined to serpentine rocks in Saxony and Silesia, south to Italy, Dalmatia, and Hungary. It was first recorded as a British plant by Mr. T. Moore, from specimens collected by the Rev. A. Christie, on serpentine rocks at Cabrach, Aberdeenshire. It differs from the commoner form of Adiantum-nigrum by its lamina being more divided, and the ultimate segments less approximate, and more or less bent away from the partial rachis. The frond also is dim, without the greasy lustre of the common form, or the satiny lustre of the form acutum. _ Milde says concerning it, that he has often found fronds passing into A. Adiantum-nigrum on the same rhizome with A. Serpentini. The stipes is usually longer than the frond, often conspicuously so. The lamina is from 4 to 6 inches long in the specimens I have seen. Milde says the fronds do not last through the winter, but in answer to a query of mine on this point, Mr. Christie writes that the fronds are evergreen at Cabrach. Along with the true Serpentini there grows a form connecting it with ordinary Adiantum-nigrum.
126 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Mr. Christie says that the stipes varies considerably in length. " In the specimens sent, those in which it is long were taken out of chinks in the rock, and therefore lengthened to bring the fronds towards the light ; those in which the stipes is short were growing in an open situation."
The third subspecies admitted by Milde, " Onopteris," which contains the var. " acutum" is frequent in the Mediterranean region, Madeira, and the Canary Isles. I have not seen it in this country except from the south of Ireland, and Mr. T. Moore also has seen true examples of this variety only from Ireland, though it is closely approached by English forms, and also by one which Mr. Moore calls " oxyphyllum" gathered near Dunoon and near Stirling, but wThich I have not seen. I am indebted to Mr. J. F. Dirt hie for living plants of genuine acutum from the neighbourhood of Florence. It differs conspicuously from the ordinary Adiantum-nigrum in the texture of its fronds, wThich are not thick, cartilaginous and opaque, as in the common form, and have a satiny, not a greasy lustre ; this apparently arises from the epidermal cells being narrower in acutum than in A. Adiantum-nioTiun.at least this is the case with Mr. Duthie's plants, but unfortunately this character is in a great measure lost in dried specimens, which can be distinguished only by the longer stipes, the deltoid-ovate outline of the more divided frond with narrow and elongated ultimate segments. It appears to attain a larger size than the other forms. The largest Irish specimen I possess has a stipes 8 inches long, and a lamina of 5^ by 3 inches at the broadest part ; but a specimen from Naples has it 10^ inches long by 7 inches broad, and Teneriffe specimens are quite as large. Mr. Moore has an Irish specimen with the lamina of the frond 9 inches long and 7 inches broad.
Mr. Kinahan, of the Geological Survey of Ireland, has supplied me with some notes on the Irish forms of Adiantum-nigrum. " In north-west G-alway and south-west Mayo the A. Adiantum-nigrum seems to grow as follows. It is always associated with more or less calcareous rocks, which may be shales, limestones, dolomites, serpentines, and the other associated pseudomorphic rocks. in exposed sunny situations it is always diminutive (the obtusum of some authors). This variety is not, however, very common. The most usual form is like No. I,* but the more shady the nook, and the more northern the aspect, the more acute the form. The typical form of acutum always grows in cliffs and caves facing the north and north-east. The general character of its stipes is long, as when the plant grows in a crevice the plant wants to get above the fissure, but it depends altogether upon the situation. The best fronds usually have a long stipes. I believe there is only one species that will change according to the place it grows in. Acutum does not
Typical Adiautum-uigruiu. — Ed.
FILICES. 127
necessarily grow in woods, but the most typical plants that I ever saw were in a cliff with a northern aspect, in the wood north of Lady Kinnear's cottage on the Lakes of Killarney. When I first saw it the trees had been cut away from it, having the cliff quite covered with such a marked variety of the fern that I firmly believed it must be a distinct species. Five or six years afterwards I visited the place, and found the trees amazingly grown, and that only in the still exposed places grew the A. acutum, while in the places shaded by the trees it was replaced by the normal form." It seems curious that increased shade should cause the acutum to pass into the normal form ; I should have expected the reverse to happen.
A. Adiantum-nigrum can scarcely be confounded with any other British fern, except perhaps A. lanceolatum, from which it differs in its fronds being much thicker and firmer in texture, and with the lower pinna? much larger, so that the frond is triangular or even sub- deltoid rather than lanceolate. The sori are much longer and more remote from the margin of the pinnules and segments than in A. lanceolatum, and the scales at the base of the stipes are longer and more attenuated, generally with only a single longitudinal rib of thickened tissue towards the apex.
Black Spleenwort.
SPECIES IV.— A SPLENIUM MARINUM. Linn.
Plate 1876.
Caudex short, tufted, divided into several scaly crowns ; scales linear-lanceolate, entire, tapering into long setaceous points. Fronds several from each crown, spreading or pendent. Stipes rather slender but not wiry, from one quarter to as long as the lamina, purplish-brown, margined with green in the upper part, with a few scattered hair-like deciduous dark-brown scales. Lamina thick, coriaceous, glabrous, shining, evergreen, strapshaped or oblong-strap- shaped or triangular-strapshaped, abrupt or tapering towards the base, and always tapering towards the apex, pinnate ; lowest pair of pinna? smaller than or equalling the succeeding pair, very shortly stalked or subsessile, decurrent, spreading or ascending-spreading, rhomboidal-ovate or rhomboidal-oblong or rhomboidal-strapshaped or trapezoidal-rhombic or strapshaped-triangular, entire and rectangular or inversely-deltoid or wedgeshaped at the base (which is usually unequal-sided), obtuse or acute, crenate or crenate-serrate or slightly lobed, more rarely serrate or incised ; middle pinnae similar to the basal ones, and equalling them, but sometimes a little larger ; all decurrent ; terminal pinna3 smaller and confluent. Rachis more or
128 ENGLTSH BOTANY.
less brown, at least towards the base, margined with narrow green wings, glabrous. Pinnae with a flexuous mid-vein, giving off forked branches running into but not reaching the crenatures. Sori linear or strapshaped or oblong, mostly attached to the anterior fork of the venule, usually commencing at the margin, and not unfrequently extending nearly to the midrib, but variable in position with regard to both, rarely confluent. Indusium entire. Spores tuberculated, with numerous blunt rounded tubercles.
Var. a. genuinum. Pinnae rhomboidal-oblong or rhomboid-oval, obtuse.
Var. /3. acutum. Moore.
Pinnae oblong-triangular or strapshaped-triangular or linear-tri- angular, acute.
In the crevices of rocks and in caves, near the sea. Frequent in the south and west, from Sussex to Orkney and Shetland ; rarer on the east coast, though occurring in a few stations from York northwards. Frequent in Ireland. Rare inland, though it has occurred near Warrino-ton and Newton, Lancashire, and at the Lakes of Killarney, co. Kerry. Var. ft occurs in Cornwall and Devonshire, and in the Channel Islands, along with the commoner form.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Plant growing in dense tufts, which take their shape from the fissures of the rock on which it grows. Crowns thickly clothed with purplish-brown scales, in which there are many longitudinal thick- ened bars. Stipes varying much in length even in the fronds from the same tuft, thicker and more brittle than in the preceding species. Var. a has the stipes 2| to 5 inches long. Lamina 1£ to 8 inches long, and f to 2 inches broad ; pinnae usually close together, more developed at the base on the anterior than on the posterior side, and with the anterior portion of the base usually parallel with the rachis, thick and fleshy in texture, and deep glossy green in colour. Sori when Ion"-, generally with their ends equally near the margin and midrib, but when they are abbreviated they are sometimes near the midrib and sometimes near the margin, generally speaking they remain dis- tinct, but occasionally, or in small specimens, they become confluent.
Var. y8 is a larger plant, with the pinnae rounder and more pointed, the venules making a more acute angle with the mid-vein than in var. a. I have specimens from Plymouth Hoe with stipes 9 inches long, and the lamina about a foot long by 4 inches broad, and Mr. T. Moore
FILICES. 129
records specimens of parallelum (which is here included under var. ft) " from Guernsey, gathered by Mons. Boistel, measuring 34 inches in length, of which 24 inches were occupied by about 30 pairs of pinna?, the largest being about 2J inches long and f inch wide ; larger specimens were produced on the same plant, which was growing in the same soil, but on a damp rock." Moore, Nat. Print. Brit, Ferns, 8vo ed. vol. ii. p. 93.
Although the extreme forms of vars. a and ft are much unlike, they are so connected by intermediate forms, that they scarcely deserve to be separated even as varieties ; the shape of the base of the pinnae, or the degree to which their margins are crenate, serrate, or lobed, are too variable to be sufficient to separate the various forms, as even in fronds on the same tuft they often vary to a considerable extent.
This cannot well be confounded with any other British Fern. The only one which looks at all like it is Asplenium lanceolatum, var. microdon, but from it A. marinum differs by its larger scales, thicker stipes, much more coriaceous or cartilaginous lamina, glabrous rachis, and elongated generally median sori. The fronds present sometimes a slight resemblance to those of Polypodiurn vulgare, but in that the pinnae are adnate to the rachis by their whole base, while in A. marinum not even the lower ones are connected by their whole base, and it is almost needless to remark that the difference in their generic characters will prevent their being mistaken the one for the other.
Sea Spleeniuort.
SPECIES V.-A SPLENIUM VIRIDE. Ends.
Plate 1877. Rabenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 34.
Caudex rather elongated and creeping, divided into several sparsely scaly crowns or shortly creeping branches ; scales linear- lanceolate, denticulate in the lower portion, tapering into short seta- ceous points, usually concolorous. Fronds several from each crown, spreading or ascending. Stipes slender, not wiry, from one-eighth to nearly half the length of the lamina, purplish-brown at the base, green above, with scattered hair-like deciduous brown scales. Lamina thin, flaccid, translucent, glabrous, dim, evergreen, linear or more rarely elliptical-linear, tapering slightly at the base and apex, pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae smaller than or equalling the suc- ceeding pair, very shortly stalked or subsessile, spreading, rhombic- ovate or ovate or rhombic-suborbicular or deltoid-ovate, entire and truncate or inversely deltoid at the base (which is commonly equal- sided), obtuse, crenate or inciso-crenate ; middle pinnae similar to the
VOL. XII. s
130 ENGLISH BOTANY.
basal ones, and generally longer and narrower and more trapezoidal ; terminal pinnae smaller ; all distinct, or two or three of them con- fluent with the terminal lobe of the frond, persistent and withering while attached to the rachis. Rachis green, furrowed above, not winged, with a few scale-like hairs, ultimately glabrous. Pinnae with an indistinct flexuous mid-vein, giving off simple or once-forked branches running to the crenatures and nearly reaching the margin. Sori oblong, attached to the lower part of the ultimate veins, and ex- tending below their forks, nearer the midrib than the margin of the pinnse, ultimately confluent. Indusium finely denticulate or crenate, rarely entire. Spores tuberculated, with numerous subacute tubercles. On rocks in mountainous districts, from South Wales and Derby- shire, north to Sutherland and Shetland, but apparently wanting in Orkney. Common in the hilly parts of the north of England and the Highlands of Scotland. It grows also on walls, at low elevations at Danny (Sussex), Mickleham (Surrey), Hambridge (Worcester), and Linnmill (Clackmannan), but there is always a possibility that it may have been planted in such localities. In Ireland it occurs along the west, from Kerry to Donegal.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Caudex usually more elongated and creeping than in the other British Asplenia. Stipes from J to 4 inches long or even more. Lamina from 1 inch long by £ inch broad to 5 inches long by f inch broad, of a pale delicate green colour and thin texture, resembling that of A. lanceolatum. Pinnse generally separated, but in small specimens they are often contiguous, variable in shape ; in large specimens they are usually very broad, truncate at the base, and more or less ovate- rhombic, while in small specimens they are more often wedgeshaped at the base, and longer than broad, always distinctly crenate, and sometimes doubly crenate ; occasionally they are deeply incised, but these appear to be monstrous forms ; sometimes the base is most deve- loped on the anterior side of the mid-vein of the pinnae, so that the form is more or less trapezoidal. The sori are very short and close to the midrib of the pinnae.
A. viride can be mistaken for no other British fern, except A. Trichomanes ; the differences between these two are pointed out under the latter species.
Green Spleenwort.
PILICES. 131
SPECIES VI.— AS PLENIUM TRICHOMANES. Linn.
Plate 1878. Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 25.
Caudex short, tufted, dividing into several scaly crowns ; scales linear-lanceolate, entire, tapering into short setaceous points, usually with a dark central stripe. Fronds several from each crown, spread- ing or ascending. Stipes slender, wiry, usually very short, and hardly ever more than one-sixth the length of the lamina, purplish- brown throughout, with scattered hair-like deciduous brown scales. Lamina thick, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, opaque, glabrous above, but sometimes with a few deciduous gland-tipped hair-like scales beneath, dim, evergreen, linear or more rarely strapshaped-linear, tapering slightly towards the base and apex, pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae smaller than the succeeding pair, subsessile, spreading, subor- bicular or deltoid-suborbicular, truncate or inversely-deltoid at the base, obtuse, repand or crenate or rarely incised ; middle pinnae longer than the basal ones, roundish-oval oval or oblong, rarely oblong- strapshaped, truncate or inversely deltoid or wedgeshaped at the base ; terminal pinnae smaller ; all distinct or two or three of them con- fluent with the terminal lobe of the frond, deciduous and falling off from the rachis when mature. Rachis purplish-brown with a narrow brown wing on each side, and having notches in which the pinnae are inserted, at first with a few hair-like scales, ulti- mately glabrous. Pinnae with a flexuous mid-vein, giving off once- forked branches running to the crenatures and nearly reaching the margin. Sori oblong-linear, attached to the anterior branch of the venules beyond their forks and equidistant from the midrib and the margins of the pinnae, often ultimately confluent. Indusium entire or repand, rarely crenulated. Spores muricated, with numerous small acute tubercles.
Var. a. genuinum.
Middle pinnae roundish-oval or oval-oblong, mostly equal at the base, repand or crenate. Rachis rounded beneath.
Var. /3. anceps. Soland.
Lowe, Primit. Fl. et Fauu. Macleir. p. 8.
Middle pinnae oblong or oblong-strapshaped, auriculate above, crenate-serrate. Rachis more prominent beneath than in var. a.
s 2
132 ENGLISH BOTANY.
On rocks and walls rather frequent. Generally distributed, ex- tending to Orkney. Frequent but rather local in Ireland. Var. /3. Hedge-bank near Bowler Green, south-west Surrey, H. C. Watson ; " Killarney," Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 452.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Plant growing in dense tufts. Fronds including the very short stipes, 1| to 1 foot long, by \ to f inch broad. # After the fall of the pinna?, the stipes and bare rachis remain and in old plants each of the approximate crowns is surrounded by a guard of these leafless purplish-brown rachides.
Yar. /3. seems to pass insensibly into the ordinary form. Mr. T. Moore says of A. anceps that it has not, he believes, been found in Britain, but specimens from Mr. H. C. Watson, collected in Surrey^ appear inseparable from the plant of the Atlantic islands ; some of these specimens have fronds 10 inches long by 1 J inch broad.
There are some very beautiful monstrosities of A. Adiantum-nigrum, of which the form called inclsum by Moore is the most striking; in this the leaves are irregularly deeply pinnatifid, with the segments incised. It is, as Mr. Moore says, exactly analogous to the form Cambricum of Polypodium vulgare, and the fronds are said to be uniformlv barren.
Crested forms in which the apex of the frond ^ is spread out into a tassel are more common, and are said to be invariably produced from spores. .
Asplenimn Trichomanes is liable to be confounded with A. viride ; but in that species the stipes is green at the apex, and the rachis wholly green and destitute of the raised brown wing down each side, the pinna? are persistent and more evidently stalked, much thinner in texture and more translucent, so that the veins are readily seen when the plant is held up to the light, paler green, and usually more crenate, with the sori shorter and nearer the midrib. When A. Trichomanes becomes luxuriant the pinna? are longer and narrower in proportion than in the smaller forms; while in A. viride they become broader and more rhombic or deltoid-rhombic.
Maidenhair Sjjleemco vt.
SPECIES VII.-ASPLENIUM CLERMONT^.
Plate 1879. A. Pctrarc^ja), Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. v. p. 146 ; non DC.
"Caudex small, tufted; the crown covered with dark-coloured, lineai-, sharp-pointed scales,*' Newman. Stipes slender, wiry, shorter than the frond, chestnut-brown below, green in the upper part, with
FILICES.
133
scattered hair-like brown scales. Lamina rather thick, snhcoriaceons, opaque, glabrous, dim, evergreen, linear, abrupt at the base, tapering towards the apex, pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae larger than the suc- ceeding pair, shortly stalked, spreading, deltoid, three-lobed, lobes roundish-obovate, deeply crenate ; middle pinnae smaller than the basal ones, rhombic-ovate, inversely deltoid at the base, obtuse, crenate; terminal pinnae smaller, oval-obovate, wedgeshaped at the base, obtuse, crenate or simply repand, several of them confluent with the terminal lobe of the frond, persistent. Rachis green, not winged, but with the stalk of the pinnae very shortly decurrent, with a few hair-like gland-tipped scales. Lower pinnae flabellately veined, with the veins forked ; middle and upper pinnae with a flexuous mid-vein giving off once-forked branches running to the crenatures, and nearly reaching the margin. Sori oblong-linear, attached to the anterior branch of the ultimate veins beyond their forks and equi- distant from their base and the margins of the pinnae, not confluent. Indusium denticulate.
Found by Lady Clermont, in 1 863, growing on the back of a garden wall among Asplenium Trichomanes and Asplenium Ruta-muraria, at Ravensdale Park, Newry. Mr. Newman gives the station as " near Flurry Bridge," but I suppose the same place is intended.
Ireland (extinct). Perennial. Autumn.
Stipes about 1 inch long. Lamina 2 to 2J inches long by h inch broad. Stalk of the pinnae about ^ inch long. Lowest pinnae about f inch long, and nearly as broad at the base, with three lobes, of which the central one is the largest, each lobe witli a nearly equal vein, which gives off forking branches, but these do not form mid-veins to the three divisions of the pinna ; in the undivided pinnae, however, there is a flexuous mid-vein like that of A. Trichomanes. The spores are immature in the specimen which I have seen, which 1 received through the kindness of Lord Clermont ; they appear to be similar to those of A. Ruta-muraria, that is tuberculate with rather large blunt tubercles.
Distinguished from A. Trichomanes, of which the authors of the ' Cybele Hibernica' " suspect it will prove to be a form," by its stipes being green at the top and the rachis without the prominent dark wing which runs down each side of the upper face. The pinnae also are distinctly though shortly stalked, and the lower ones three-lobed. The venation has also more tendency to be flabellate, and the indusium is conspicuously denticulate.
From the continental A. Petrarchae, to which Mr. Newman refers it, it differs in not having the stipes wiry, and purplish-black through-
134 ENGLISH BOTANY.
out, the frond more tapering, the pinnae persistent, the lower ones with longer stalks, more evidently three-lobed, and as large as or larger than the succeeding pair, the middle ones smaller and not pinnately-lobed ; it also is not densely glandulose on the rachis, lamina, and indusium, and the latter is not entire but jagged at the edges, as in A. Petrarchan, and the sori are longer and narrower.
From A. Ruta-muraria it differs in the frond being linear, only once pinnate, and in the pinnse having much shorter stalks, with a more decided mid-vein, and the sori on the middle pinnas diverge more from the median line of the pinnae. The stipes, rachis, venation, sori, and indusia are, however, more like those of A . Ruta-muraria than of any other British Asplenium.
A. Clermontae belongs to a group of forms intermediate between A. Trichomanes and other species of this genus, and which are generally believed to be hybrids. These have been found in very small quantity, often only single roots, where A. Trichomanes grows in company with those species between which and A. Trichomanes the forms to which I allude are intermediate. These are in the first place A. adulter- inuin, Milde, which has been found in Northern Bohemia and near Schonberg in Moravia ; this is intermediate between A. Trichomanes and A. viride, and Milde considers it as certainly a hybrid.
The next is A. dolosum, Milde, of which a single caudex was found by Milde growing with A. Trichomanes and A. Adiantum-nigrum at Meran in the Southern Tyrol, and which he also believes to be a hybrid ; I have not seen this form, but it evidently approaches A. Clermontae very closely : it differs by having the stipes entirely and the rachis partly blackish, the pinnae more deeply divided and with acute teeth, and the indusium quite entire.
The third form is A. Heufleri, Beichardt, which was found growing with A. Trichomanes and A. Germanicum between Yilpian and Molten, in the Southern Tyrol, and at Eichorn, Moravia : this is quite intermediate between the two species with which it grows, and is considered by Milde to be a hybrid.
I have scarcely any doubt that A. Clermontae is a hybrid between A. Trichomanes and A. Ruta-muraria, between which it is quite inter- mediate, and it ought to be looked for in other places where these t\\ o species grow together. The plant has been eradicated at Ravensdale Park, but it is quite possible it may survive in some fern-grower's collection. I have followed the example of Milde in giving a distinct name to this form.
It is but an inference that ferns do produce hybrids, as it has never been actually proved by experiment, but every new intermediate form which exists in extremely small quantity and is found in circumstances where the supposed parents grow together adds to the probability of hybridization in ferns. A. Clermontaa has a peculiar interest, as so many of the supposed hybrids cluster round A. Trichomanes.
Lady Clermont's Spleenwort.
F1LICE3. 135
SPECIES VIII.— ASPLENIUM RUTA-MURARIA. Linn.
Plate 1880.
BahenJi. Crypt. Vase. Eirrop. Exsicc. Xo. 37.
A. murale, Bernh. Grays Xat. Arr. Brit. PI. Vol. II. p. II.
Tarachia Euta-niuraria, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 81.
Aniesiuni Kuta-muraria, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 10, and cd. iii. p. 254; and
Phytol. 1851, App. viii. Scolopendrium Kuta-muraria, Both, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 52.
Caudex short, divided into several closely -packed seal)* crowns ; scales linear-subulate, very acute. Fronds several from each crown, ascending or spreading or pendent. Stipes wiry, from as long as to twice as long as the lamina, purplish-brown for a very short distance from the base, green in the upper part, channelled above, with a few very narrow deciduous brown scales, and numerous very, minute globose deciduous glands. Lamina thick, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, opaque, glabrous, shining, evergreen, triangular-ovate deltoid-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, rarely triangular-strapshaped, bipinnate or subtripinnate, or rarely simply pinnate, in the latter case the lower segments more or less deeply cut ; lowest pinnae larger and more divided than the succeeding ones, conspicuously stalked, ascending or spreading-ascending, pinnate or trifoliate or trifid ; middle pinnae similar to the basal ones, but smaller and more shortly stalked and less divided ; all of them alternate ; pinnules or ultimate segments obovate or rhombic oblanceolate, or rhombic-oblong or oblanceolate- strapshaped, inversely deltoid or wedgeshaped and entire at the base, obtuse or rounded, rarely acute, crenate or inciso-crenate or crenate- serrate at the apex. Rachis green, not winged. Ultimate segments flabellately veined, without a distinct mid-vein. Sori oblong or linear-oblong, usually diverging, situated about the middle of the pinnae and not reaching its margin, ultimately confluent. Indusium dentate or fimbriate. Spores tuberculated, with rather large blunt tubercles.
Yar. a. genuinum.
Lamina bipinnate, rarely only pinnate ; ultimate, segments obovate or rhombic.
Tar. /3. elatum. ' Lang,' Moore.
Frond bipinnate or almost tripinnate ; ultimate segments oblan- ceolate or rhombic-oblong, narrowly wedgeshaped at the base, obtuse, more rarely truncate at the apex. Stipes longer and whole plant taller than invar, a.
136 EXGLTSU BOTANY.
Var. y. pseudo-Germanicum. "Heufler," Milde.
A. Euta-muraria, var. cuneatum, Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 124. Non A. cuneatum, Lamarck.
Frond bipinnate or scarcely more than pinnate, narrow ; ultimate segments long, oblanceolate-strapshaped, very narrowly wedgeshaped at the base, truncate and toothed at the apex. Stipes usually longer in proportion to the lamina than in var. a.
On rocks and walls, common and generally distributed, extending to Orkney. Frequent throughout Ireland. Var. (3, Derbyshire, Cumberland, and the south and west of Ireland, and probably else- where. Yar. y Pass of Llanberis, Carnarvon ; and near Bristol. Stenton Rock, near Dunkeld, Perth. Yar. cristatum seems to be a monstrous form of this, found near Tunbridge Wells (Kent) ; and Ruthin Castle (Denbighshire).
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Plant growing in very dense tufts. The stipes is very variable in length in proportion to the lamina, even in fronds from the same tuft. The scales are strongly clathrate, with the network very thick. The lamina is § inch to 2h inches by J to 1 J inch broad. The ultimate segments vary from -§- to i inch long in vars. a and j3, but in var. y they are f inch long or even more.
In young plants the first fronds are entire and somewhat resemble one of the segments of the barren frond of Botrychium Lunaria : they are much thinner in texture than in the mature plant. These fronds are succeeded by trifoliate ones.
Dwarf forms are sometimes trifoliate or pinnate.
Yar. y is frequently little more than pinnate with the long ultimate segments connected at the base. It has sometimes been mistaken for A. Grermanicum, which see.
Wall Rue.
SPECIES IX.— A SPLENIUM GERMANICUM. Weiss.
Plate 1881.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 88.
A. alternifolium, Wulf. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 2258 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 309.
A. Breynii, Betz. Fries, Summ. Veg. Seand. p. 82. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv.
ed. ii. p. 983. Gren. & Godr. Fl. de France, Vol. III. p. 637. Tarachia Gerrnanica, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 79. Amesium Germanicum, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 10, and ed. iii. p. 258 ; and
Phytol. 1851, App. p. vii. Scolopeudrium alternifolium, Roth, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 53.
Caudex short, divided into several closely packed scaly crowns ;
FILICES. 137
scales linear-subulate, very acute, with stalked glands. Fronds several from each crown, ascending. Stipes wiry, from as long as to twice as long as the lamina, purplish-brown for about half its length from the base, green in the upper half, channelled above, with a few very narrow deciduous brown scales, but no glands. Lamina rather thick, subcoriaceous, nearly opaque, glabrous, dim, evergreen, triangular- strapshaped or triangular-linear, pinnate ; lowest pinnae larger than the succeeding ones, rather shortly stalked, ascending, trifld or incised ; middle pinnse smaller and more shortly stalked than the basal ones, incised or undivided, curving inwards towards the rachis, narrowly wedgeshaped and entire at the base, oblanceolate or strap- shaped-oblanceolate at the apex only ; uppermost pinnse sessile, linear, entire or with one or two teeth at the tip, a few of the uppermost ones confluent with the terminal lobe of the frond. Rachis green, not winged. Pinnae or ultimate segments flabellately veined, without a distinct mid-vein. Sori linear-oblong or linear, situated about the middle of the pinna?, ultimately confluent. Indusium quite entire. Spores tuberculated, with rather large blunt tubercles.
On rocks. Local and very rare. Between Llanrwst and Capel Curig and Bwlch-y-Rhyn, Denbigh, and Moel Lechog, Carnarvon ; Helvellyn and Borrowdale, Cumberland ; Kyloe Crags, Northumber- land. On the Tweed two miles from Kelso, and on Minto Crags, Roxburghshire ; three miles from Dunfermline, Fife (now extinct according to Mr. C. Howie) ; Stenton Rock near Dunkeld, Perth. Reported also from Culborne, Somerset ; from Arthur's Seat and Blackford Hill, Edinburgh ; from near Perth, and from almost in- accessible rocks near Airlie Castle, Forfarshire.
England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Fronds 1 to 5 inches high, of which the stipes is generally the greater part. Lowest pinnae ^ to ^ inch in length. A. Germanicum is liable to be confounded with elongated forms of A. Ruta-muraria, but the stipes is without glands, more wiry, and a much greater part of it is darker-coloured and very persistent, so that tufts of old plants remind one of those of A. Trichomanes. The frond is thinner, of a paler green ; the pinnae less divided, more shortly stalked, more incurved, shorter and more deeply crenate or serrate at the apex ; the sori are longer, with the indusium quite entire ; the spores are considerably smaller and with fewer tubercles than in any form of A. Ruta-muraria.
Bory considers this species a hybrid between A. Ruta-muraria and A. septentrionale, and Ascherson a hybrid between A. septentrionale
VOL. XII. T
138 ENGLISH BOTANY.
and A. Tricliomanes ; Hiiter, a hybrid between A. Ruta-muraria and A. Trichomanes ; but there seems no ground for regarding the plant as anything but a true species. Although scarce in Britain, it is not so on the continent, and is found over the whole of Europe. Accord- ing to Milde, it is common in Silesia and the Tyrol, and he has seen it in many places, not in company with A. septentrionale or A. Trichomanes or A. Euta-muraria.
Alternate-leaved Spleenicort.
SPECIES X.-ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE. Hull.
Plate 1882.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 61.
Acrostichum septentrionale, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1524.
Acropteris septentrionalis, Link. Itabenh. 1. c. No. 61.
Amesium septentrionale, Neiom. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 10, and ed. iii. p. 265 ; and
Phyt. 1851, App. p. vii. Scolopendrium septentrionale, Both, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 49.
Caudex short, divided into several closely packed scaly crowns ; scales subulate, acute, entire or with stalked glands. Fronds several from each crown, ascending. Stipes wiry, longer than the lamina, generally twice or thrice and sometimes four times as long, purplish- brown for about \ of its length from the base, green in the upper half, channelled above, clothed with numerous cylindrical unicellular hairs, especially towards the base. Lamina very thick, coriaceous, opaque, dim, evergreen, wedgeshaped and once or twice forked or laciniate, or linear and undivided ; segments linear or strapshaped- linear, tapering towards the base and apex, very narrowly wedge- shaped at the base, and very acute at the apex, entire or with one or two narrow ascending secondary segments, and usually with one or two long teeth at the apex. Rachis green, not winged. Segments and secondary segments without any mid-vein ; veins few, forked, parallel. Sori linear, parallel, nearly covering the lower surface of the segments, ultimately confluent. Indusium quite entire. Spores tuberculated, with rather small subacute tubercles.
On rocks and walls. Rare and local. Between Chudleigh and Dartmoor, South Devon, Rev. W. M. Rogers ; North Devon, Rev. W. S. Hore ; Porlock, Somerset, Miss Edmunds ; several places in North Wales and the lake district ; Ingleborough, Yorkshire ; Kyloe Craigs, Northumberland. Minto Craigs, Roxburgh ; Arthur's Seat and Blackford Hill, Edinburgh ; Stenton Rock, near Dunkeld, Perth ;
FILICES. 139
Pass of Ballater ; near Inver, Aberdeenshire, on granite, though in Scotland it is elsewhere found on trap rocks facing the south.
England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Fronds (including the stipes) 2 to 7 inches high ; segments from h to I inch long by yL to £ long, tapering so insensibly downwards that it is difficult to say where the lamina ends and the stalk begins. In large examples the fronds divide into two stalked portions making an acute angle with each other, and these again divide in a similar manner ; but in small specimens they fork only once, and occasionally do not fork at all.
Forked Spleenwort.
GENUS XIV.-Q E T E R A C H . Willd.
Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, tufted, subcoriaceous, pinnatifid, densely clothed beneath with imbricated ovate sub- cordate scales, which are at first silvery, afterwards pale reddish- brown. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, containing 2 vascular bundles which unite upwards and give a 4-lobed section in the centre of the stipes. Veins forked, the ultimate ones more or less anasto- mosing. Scales clathrate, composed of short cells, with thickened boundaries. Sori linear, attached along the side of the veins. Indu- sium absent, or rudimentary and attached along the vein.
Name from Chetherak, a name applied to some fern used by the Arabian and Persian physicians.
SPECIES I. -CETERACH OFFICINARUM.
Plate 1883.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Essicc. No. 12.
Asplenium Ceterach, Linn. Sp. PI. 1538. Hook. & Bak. Syn. Ml. ed. ii. p. 245. Hook.
fil. Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 493. Grammites Ceterach, Schwartz. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 974. Scolopendrium Ceterach, Symons. Smith, Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1244 ; and Eng. Fl.
Vol. IV. p. 315. Gymnogramme Ceterach, Spreng. Ledebour, Fl. Ross. Vol. IV. p. 507. Notolepium Ceterach, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 9, and ed. iii. p. 278 ; and
Phytol. 1851, App. p. v.
Caudex short, dividing into several closely packed crowns. Fronds numerous from each crown, spreading. Stipes short, from 1 to \ the length of the lamina, rarely more than half the length of the lamina, thickly clothed with lanceolate or ovate acuminated scales at
T 2
140 ENGLISH BOTANY.
first silvery tinged with brown, afterwards wholly brown. Lamina coriaceous, evergreen, glabrous above except for a few scattered hairs on the rachis, densely clothed beneath with imbricated broadly lanceo- late scales which are at first silvery and afterwards pale rusty brown, strapshaped, tapering towards the base and apex, pinnate or very deeply pinnatipartite ; pinnae adnate by the whole of their broad base, broadly ovate-oval or ovate-oblong, entire or crenate. Venules anastomosing towards the margins of the pinnae. Sori oblong, attached to the venules above their first fork. Indusium rudimentary, repre- sented only by an elevated ridge extending the length of the sorus. Sori muricated, with numerous rather large acute tubercles.
Yar. a. genuina. Pinnae broadly ovate-oval, entire or nearly so.
Yar. /3. crenatum. Milde.
Pinnae oval-oblong, coarsely crenate ; plant usually considerably larger than in var. a.
On walls and rocks, local but widely distributed over England. Most frequent in the south-west and west of England. Scarce in the midland counties and rare in the eastern. Very scarce in Scotland, though it extends north to the counties of Argyle and Perth. Frequent but local in Ireland, and most abundant towards the west. Var. /? rare. I have wild specimens only from Ingleborougb, but it is reported from many stations, particularly in the west of Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Fronds including the stipes from H to 6 inches long by f to § broad, deep rich green with a slightly glaucous tinge, not shining. The pinnae more or less connected at the base, at least towards the apex of the frond. Scales dentate at the margin, thin, distinctly clathrate, their network with large meshes. Sori at first hidden beneath the scales which clothe the under surface of the frond, but ultimately appearing conspicuously through them.
Var. /3 is a considerably larger plant, sometimes 8 or 9 inches long by If to 2 inches broad, with the pinna? longer and crenate or lobato- crenate at the margins, indeed it approaches somewhat in size to C. aureum, found in the Canary Isles and Madeira, but this has the rachis at first densely scaly above as well as beneath, the indusium more developed, and the spaces of the network of the scales marked with striae ; the pinnae, moreover, are entirely repand, not lobato- crenate.
Common Scale-fern.
FILICES. 141
GENUS AT.-S COLOPENDRIUM. Smith.
Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, tufted, subcoriaceous, simple entire or lobed. Stipes not articulated to the caudex. Veins forked, free. Scales clathrate, composed of oblong cells with thickened boundaries as in all the true Asplenia. Sori linear, attached along the side of the veins, approximated in pairs, the anteriorly placed sorus of one vein being so close to the posterior sorus of the next vein above it, that the two appear to form but a single sorus. Indusium linear, attached along the vein, and from their approximation each pair resembles a single indusium, opening down the middle of the compound sorus.
Name from Scolopendra, a centipede, the sori being supposed to resemble the legs of the animal.
SPECIES I.-SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. Symons.
Plate 1884.
BabenJi. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 31.
S. officinarum, Sicartz. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 83. Koch, Syn. El. Germ, et
Helv. ed. ii. p. 984. BabenJi. 1. c. No. 31. S. officinale, DC. Willi. & Lange, Prod. El. Hisp. Vol. I. p. 5. S. Phyllitis, Both, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 47. Phyllitis Scolopendrium, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii p. 10, and ed. iii. p. 272 ; and
Phytol. 1851, App. vi. Asplenium Scolopendrium, Linn. Spec. Plant. No. 1537.
Caudex thick, dividing into numerous crowns. Fronds several from each crown, ascending, arching backwards or pendulous when large. Stipes short, -J to \ the length of the lamina, purplish-brown, clothed with partially deciduous scales ; scales at the very base of the stipes broadly lanceolate acute or acuminate, those higher up much smaller and narrower, glandulose ciliate at the base, with long hair-like points ; upper ones and those on the rachis longer and still more resembling woolly hairs ; all of them at first silvery white, ulti- mately rust-coloured. Lamina coriaceous, evergreen, shining and glabrous above, paler and with hair-like mostly deciduous scales beneath, strapshaped or elliptical-strapshaped or oblong-strapshaped, tapering slightly to the base, which is cordate or rarely sagittate, tapering towards the apex, which is acute or acuminate, entire or repand, rarely crenate-lobed. Veins forking, a few of them sometimes anastomosing. Rachis more or less purplish-brown in the lower portion beneath, with scattered hair-like scales beneath. Sori
142 ENGLISH BOTANY.
linear, usually equidistant from the midrib and the margin of the frond ; the two portions of the compound sorus wholly coalescent. Spores muricated, with numerous prominent acute tubercles.
On rocks and hedgebanks, and in woods, frequent and generally distributed in lowland districts, more rare in Scotland, but extending to Orkney and Shetland. Frequent in Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Very variable in size and in the length of the lamina, generally speaking the larger the lamina the longer in proportion is the stipes. Of the lamina I have specimens from 4 inches long by \ inch wide ; 10 inches long by 3 inches wide; 17 inches long by 3£ inches wide ; and 2 feet long by 2 \ inches wide. These dimensions will show that there is a great want of regularity in the length and breadth of the fronds. Frequently the fronds are more or less undulated and sometimes crisped at the margins, but the latter seldom occurs without the sori being more or less abnormal, often short, sometimes few in number or even absent altogether.
This is one of the Ferns which are the special delight of fern-growers, from the number of remarkable monstrosities which occur. Some- times the stipes is branched, sometimes the frond is divided into two or more divisions towards the base, but more frequently it is multifid at the apex ; sometimes it is deeply lobed along the margin, with the lobes deeply crenate or incised ; sometimes it is extremely short and almost reniform ; sometimes there are a number of short reniform divisions ; sometimes the sori are abbreviated near the margins ; sometimes they are quite marginal, or even appear on the upper surface. Many of these monstrous forms can be reproduced from spores, and sometimes it is said that when part of the frond is normal and part abnormal, the spores on the normal part produce normal plants and vice versa.
Hari s-tongue Fern.
Tribe V.— BLECHNE^E.
Caudex not growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which is not articulated to the caudex and does not separate from it. Sori medial, oblong or linear, straight or flexuous, continuous or more rarely separate, attached to the side of a vein which is parallel to the midrib and margin of the frond or segment, which is flat, or with its margins reflexed over the sori. Indusium attached longitudinally to the veins, or absent.
FILICES. 143
GENUS XVI.— I* OMAKIA. Willd.
Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, which is frequently elongated and woody, tufted, rarely solitary, dimorphous, the female or fertile ones contracted. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, veins of the sterile frond forked, free, those of the fertile frond anasto- mosing so as to form a continuous flexuous vein on each side of the midrib, and parallel to the margin of the segment. Sori linear, continuous, attached to the inner side of the above-mentioned vein, concealed by the reflexed margin of the frond. Indusium attached along the vein which bears the sori, opening towards the midrib.
Name from AS/xa (loma), a margin or border, from the reflexed margin of the frond.
SPECIES L— L OMARIA SPICANT. Demaux.
Plate 1885.
Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 91. L. borealis, Link, Hort. Berol. Vol. II. p. 80. Blechnum Spicant, Both. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 211.
Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 17. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 83. Koch,
Syn. FL Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 981. Gren. & Godr. Fl. Fr. Vol. III. p. 639.
Babenh. 1. c. No. 91. B. boreale; Sicartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1159 ; Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 316. Bab.
Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 453. Osmunda Spicant, Linn. Spec. Plant. No. 1522.
Caudex short, thick, divided into numerous short branches or scaly crowns ; scales subulate, acuminated into long slender points, dentate. Fronds of two kinds, many produced from each crown. Barren fronds spreading. Stipes short, one- twelfth to one-third the length of the lamina, with numerous scales at the base, and a few narrower de- ciduous ones above, purplish-brown. Lamina strapshaped, attenuated towards the base and apex or elliptical-linear, dark green above, paler beneath, coriaceous, glabrous, evergreen, pinnatipartite ; segments strapshaped or linear, falcate, contiguous, adherent by their whole base, obtuse and apiculate, each with a midrib giving off veins which are once-forked and do not anastomose. Rachis green and channelled above, brown in the lower portion beneath. Fertile fronds longer than the barren ones from the same caudex, erect, with a stipes from one- third the length of to as long as the lamina. Lamina strapshaped, attenuated towards the base and apex, coriaceous, perishing in autumn, pectinate-pinnate or pectinate-pinnatipartite : segments distant, linear, contracted, with dilated bases adnate to the rachis,
144 ENGLISH BOTAXY.
acute, with the margins revolute, each with a central mid-vein, which gives off venules which anastomose so as to form a flexuose vein on each side of the mid- vein and parallel to it, between which and the margins of the segments the venules are free. Rachis purplish-brown. Sori linear, attached to the longitudinal vein formed by the anastomoses of the venules, covering the whole under surface of the segments except the apex. Indusium linear, continuous. Spores faintly tuber- culate, with a few small blunt tubercles.
On heaths, hedgebanks, and woods, common and generally distri- buted, except in chalky or limestone districts.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Autumn.
Barren fronds, including the stipes, 6 inches to 2 feet long, but most commonly 12 to 15 inches by 1 to 2 inches broad or more ; fertile fronds 1 to 3 feet high rising from the centre of the spreading sterile fronds. Like Scolopendrium vulgare, the present species produces numerous monstrous forms much prized by fern-growers. Most of these variations take place in the barren frond, although in some cases the fertile frond is also divided.
Hurd Fern.
Tribe VL— PTERID^E.
Rootstock velvety, extensively creeping, growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which is not articulated to the rootstock and does not separate from it. Sori marginal, linear, straight, continuous, attached to a vein which is parallel to the midrib and margin of the frond or segment, which is reflexed over the sorus, and has the margins cut into capillary segments, forming an accessory indusium ; true indusium attached to the vein within the sorus, membranous, fringed.
GENUS XVII.— V T E R I S. Linn.
Rhizome velvety, growing in advance of the fronds. Fronds soli- tary, decompound, their stipes not articulated to the rootstock and not separating from it. Veins not anastomosing, but having their apices connected by a marginal vein. Sori marginal, linear, straight, continuous, attached to a vein which is parallel to the reflexed margin, lying between two membranes of which the inner one is the smaller and sometimes absent, though it is probable that it represents the
FILICES. 145
true indusium, while the outer seems to be a prolongation of the epidermis of the margin of the frond.
The above description is applicable only to the genus Paesia of St. Hilaire, which appears to be the oldest name for the group con- taining the Brake-fern, which is almost cosmopolitan, and surely better deserves to retain the name of Pteris than any of the others which have been left in the genus by those who have broken it up : even those authors who include the Brake-fern in .the genus Pteris admit that in habit of growth and indusium it differs not only from the genus, but also from the group Pterideaa. I have therefore retained the name Pteris, thinking that it is rather the less familiar species which do not agree with it that should be removed.
Name from ■nrepi<; (pteris), a Fern.
SPECIES I.-P TERIS AQUILINA. Linn.
Plate 1886.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Exsicc. No. 122.
Paesia aquilina, Moore, Gard. Ckron. 1858, p. 878.
Ornitkopteris aquilina, John Smith, Hist. Fil. p. 298.
Eupteris aquilina, Newm. Phytol. 1845, 277, and 1851, App. iii. ; Hist. Brit. Ferns,
ed. iii. p. 23. Allosorus aquilinus, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 153.
Rootstock buried, creeping, clothed with very short brown to- mentum ; its apex growing in advance of the fronds. Fronds soli- tary, distant. Stipes elongate, often as long as or longer than the lamina, dark and tomentose below ground like the caudex, green or straw-coloured and channelled above ground, at first with hair-like scales, ultimately glabrous. Lamina coriaceous, perishing in autumn, light green and generally glabrous above, more or less densely pubescent beneath, bending backwards from the erect stipes, deltoid- ovate or triangular-ovate, tripinnate or bipinnate ; ultimate pinnae triangular-strapshaped, entire or crenate or pinnatifid. Indusium double, ciliated at the margin, the inner one sometimes wanting.
In heaths and woods, very common, and generally distributed.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Rootstock extensively creeping, as thick as the little finger. Fronds variable in size, sometimes not more than a foot high in- cluding the stipes, but commonly 3 or 4 feet, and not unfrequently 6 or 7 ; according to Mr. Moore, they reach 10 or 12 feet or even more in some cases. The smaller the frond, the more deltoid and less
VOL. XII. u
146 ENGLISH BOTAXY.
divided is the lamina. In the thick stipes the vascular bundle is very conspicuous, and has been fancied to represent a spread eagle ; whence the name ' aquilina.' Others have seen in it a resemblance to an oak-tree, and the section is spoken of as ' King Charles in the oak.'
Mr. Francis Darwin has observed glands secreting nectar at the base of the branches of the rachis ; these glands cease to secrete when the frond is mature (Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. ii. p. 407).
Mr. Moore distinguishes a variety integerrima, in which the secondary pinnules instead of being deeply pinnatifid are nearly entire, but this seems to be the effect of growing in poor soil.
Seedling plants have the frond much thinner in texture, and the ultimate pinnules roundish-ovate and crenate ; and the same form of the plant has been found on walls.
Pt. aquilina is remarkable for the rudimentary state of the lamina when the fronds first emerge from the ground, but the after development is very rapid.
Bracken or Brake-Fern or Common Brakes.
Tribe YII.— ADIANTEJE.
Caudex not growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which is not articulated to the caudex and does not separate from it. Sori punctiform or transversely oblong, on the apex of the veins upon a portion of the frond which is bent over, forming a false indusium, with the sori on the inner surface, but there is no true indusium.
GENUS X VIII.— & D I A N T U M . Lin
n.
Fronds produced near the apex of the rootstock, approximate or distant, coriaceous or herbaceous, simple pinnate or decompound ; ultimate pinnules or segments commonly without a midrib or with a very eccentric one. Veins forked, free. Sporangia attached to the extremity of the veins on the renexed flaps of the margins of the frond, which form false indusia.
Xame from aZiavTov (adianton), a plant called Maidenhair.
SPECIES I.-ADIANTUM CAPILLUS - VENERIS. Linn.
Plate 1887. Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Expicc. No. 11.
Rootstock creeping, rather slender, densely scaly; scales yellowish, subulate, acuminated into slender points. Fronds subsolitary. Stipes
FILICES. 147
usually about as long as the lamina, slender, wiry, purplish-black, furnished at the base with a tuft of very narrowly-linear scales acuminated into slender points. Lamina submembranous, trans- lucent, pea-green, dim, glabrous, rhombic-ovate or rhombic-lanceolate or triangular-ovate or oblong, bipinnate or tripinnate, at least below ; ultimate pinnules shortly-stalked, obovate or reniform or oblanceolate or lunate, inversely deltoid or wedgeshaped or subtruncate at the base, more or less deeply inciso-crenate or palmatifid. Sori trans- versely oblong or transversely strapshaped, more or less curved, with the convexity of the curve pointing towards the base of the pinnae. General and partial rachides capillary, purplish-black.
On the faces of cliffs, on limestone rocks, and in caves, usually near the sea, and high, ascending to a height of 800 feet or more in the south-west of Ireland. Rare and very local. Near St. Ives, Pen- zance, and other places in Cornwall ; in several places about Ilfra- combe ; Torquay, Mr. W. A. Hayne ; and near Berry Head, Devon ; " Dorsetshire, Miss Payne," Wats. ; Coombe Down, near Bath, Mr. E. J. Low ; Dunraven, and Barry Island, and East Aberthaw, Glamorgan, said to have occurred near Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, but doubtless this is an error ; also in Arran, from confounding Clyde and Galway Islands. Glenmeay, Isle of Man. In the west of Ireland in several places, between Tralee and Dingle, co. Kerry ; several places in co. Clare, Isle of Arran, Galway, and perhaps further northward in the wTest of Ireland.
England, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Rootstock from the thickness of a crow-quill to that of a goose- quill. Fronds variable in size, erect when small, drooping when large. The smallest British specimens I have are from Ilfracombe, in which the stipes is § inch long, the lamina 1 inch by J inch broad, and the pinnules about ^ inch each way. Glamorganshire specimens have a stipes 1 to 3 inches long, and a lamina from 2 by § inch to 6 inches by 2 inches; while specimens from the Isle of Arran, Galway, sent me by Dr. Perceval Wright, have the stipes as much as 9 inches long, and a lamina 6 inches by 4 inches, and pinnules ^ to § long by § broad. The pinnules are covered with a waxy bloom from which water rolls off in drops without wetting the surface — hence the name of the genus.
There is a good deal of variation both in the shape and in the degree of incision of the pinnules ; but they vary to a considerable extent, even on fronds from the same caudex.
Maidenhair.
v 2
148 ENGLISH BOTANY.
EXCLUDED SPECIES. ASPLENIUM REFRACTUM. Moore.
A. fontanum, var. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 70.
A. ebeneum, Ait. Var. refractum, Lowe, Our Native Ferns, Vol. II. p. 169.
" Fronds linear, subbipinnate. Pinnas short, oblong, obtuse, re- fracted, pinnate at the base, pinnatifid above. Pinnules (the lowest anterior one only distinct, the rest more or less confluent) roundish, with a few coarse angular mucronate teeth, the upper two four- toothed, the lower ones overlapping. Sori short, oblong-oblique, in a line on each side near the costa of the pinnae. Raehis chestnut- coloured, marginate above, not winged, bulbil-bearing." Moore, 'Nat. Print Brit. Ferns,' 8vo. ed. vol. ii. p. 66.
This plant is known only in cultivation. First seen in 1851 by Mr. T. Moore, from the gardens at Peper-Harrow Park, Surrey. Afterwards exhibited by Mr. Parker, nurseryman, Hornsey.
" These plants being reported by Mr. Williams, then of Hoddesdon, to have been received by him a few years previously as A. viride, from a gardener whose friend, named Filden, who it appears died soon after the occurrence, had found them in Scotland and sent three roots." — Moore.
Judging from Mr. Moore's description and the figure in Lowe's ' Native Ferns,' vol. ii. pi. xlii., I believe this to be a distinct species, but the evidence that it occurred in Scotland is far too slight to entitle it to a place in the ' British Flora.'
LOMARIA ALPINA. Sprmg.
A plant of the temperate parts of the Southern Hemisphere, which was reported to have been found by a lady "in the crevices of an old stone wall, by the side of a mountain torrent, not far from Loch Tay, Perthshire, Scotland, June, 1856." Mr. Gr. B. Wollaston, in ' Phytologist,' series ii. 1859, p. 157. Doubtless an error.
ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS. Linn.
A North American plant, which has escaped from cultivation or been planted in a few localities. Seen by Mr. H. Baines "in a lane at Moreby, near York, now extinct ?" Suppl. Fl. Yorksh. p. 144, and Phytol. vol. i. p. 453. Also naturalised near Warrington, Lancashire ; Mr. Borrer writes concerning it, " Onoclea sensibilis was thriving
EQUISETACE.E. 149
over a considerable space of boggy ground, planted as a nursery with young poplars. He (Mr. Wilson) told me that a botanical garden formerly existed there." Phytol. 1846, vol. ii. p. 432. Mr. Samuel Grilson, in 1843, speaks of it as growing " in an old stone quarry near Warrington." This fern was found " in the above locality by John Roby, Esq., of Rochdale." Phytol. vol. i. p. 492.
ORDER XCY.-EQUISETACEiE.
Perennial herbs with subterraneous creeping rhizomes. Stems cylindrical, jointed, hollow, usually with verticillate branches at the top of each internode, rarely simple ; internodes terminated above by a sheath ending in teeth (a whorl of connate leaves) which embraces the base of the succeeding internode. Branches jointed and sheathed similarly to the stem, sometimes absent. Sporangia opening by a longitudinal cleft, arranged 6 to 9 in a circle on the inner side of stalked peltate verticillate plates, which are arranged in an ovoid or oblong terminal spike. Spores very numerous, minute, similar ; each furnished with 4 filiform appendages (elaters) which spring from one point and are thickened at the apex, at first rolled spirally round the spore, but ultimately uncoiling ; the elaters are hygrometric. uncoiling when dry and rolling round the spore when damp. Pro- thallium green, flat, lobed, commonly dioecious, producing archegonia and antheridia resembling those of Filices.
GEN US /.— E QUISETUM. Linn.
The only genus. Characters the same as the Order.
Name from equus, a horse, and seta, a bristle.
Section L— VERNALIA. A. Brawn.
Stems of two kinds. Sterile stems appearing after the fertile stems, and perishing in winter, green or whitish, branched. Stomata level with the surface. Sheaths with persistent teeth. Branches in regular whorls, except in depauperate specimens, without any central cavity. Fertile stems appearing in early spring, decaying before summer shortly after the spike is matured, succulent, whitish, ultimately brown or fawn-colour, without branches. Spike obtuse, at first whitish, afterwards fawn-colour. Rarely a few fertile stems are produced- after the sterile stems, and in that case they are thinner
150 ENGLISH BOTANY.
and less succulent than the normal fertile stems, and become whitish or green, and ultimately produce whorls of branches similar to those of the sterile stem, but shorter.
SPECIES I.— E QUISETUM MAXIMUM. Lam.
Plate 1888.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 99, 100.
E. Telmeteia, Ehrh. in Hanov. Magazine for 1873, p. 287. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et
Helv. ed. ii. Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 643. Newm. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii.
p. 67. Babenh. I.e. E. eburneum, " Schreb." Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 59. Both, Cat. Vol. I. p. 129. E. fluviatile, Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 2022 ; and Eug. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 337 ; et auct. Brit.
plur. ante 1843. Non Linn.
Stems of two kinds, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem stout, cylindrical, with even or smooth 20 to 40 stria? scarcely observable in the living plant, smooth or slightly rough in the upper part, white. Sheaths applied to the stem, pale green with a pitchy-black ring towards the apex ; teeth 20 to 40, free or some of them united in pairs or threes, subulate, very acute, pitchy-black with brown scarious margins. Branches very numerous, spreading or slightly drooping in luxuriant specimens, scabrous, 4- or 5-quetrous, wTith the ridges grooved and separated by rather shallow furrows, solid, unbranched or rarely with one or more branchlets, their lowest internodes falling short of the teeth of the sheath ; sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the branch, pitchy-black, with a pale brown scarious apex, furnished with short rounded lobes ; sheaths at the apex of the first and succeeding internodes of the branches, terminated by triangular or triangular-subulate teeth, which have frequently setaceous points. Fertile stem short, very stout, succulent, whitish, ultimately pale brown, smooth. Sheaths close together, funnel-shaped, the lower ones overlapping each other, and even the upper frequently showing but a small portion of the stem between them, pale brown, darker towards the apex ; teeth 20 to 40, many of them united into groups of 2 to 4, dark brown, subulate, not at all connivent. Spike oblong-cylindrical, obtuse, pale brown. Occa- sionally stems similar to the sterile stem, but terminated by a spike like the fertile ones, appear in summer or autumn.
On the banks of ponds, rivers, and ditches, and on banks of loose earth and quarry rubbish, also in damp woods and moist meadows, even growing in water. Not uncommon, and generally distributed
EQUISETACE^E. 151
in England. Rare in Scotland, extending to Edinburgh on the east side and Skye on the west ; reported also from Fife and Forfar, but these counties require confirmation. Not unfrequent, and generally distributed in Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Spring.
Rootstock creeping, about the thickness of a goose-quill, solid, brownish-black, pubescent. Sterile stems erect, very variable in size, but usually attaining to 2 or 3 feet, and not unfrequently even 4 or 5 ; and Mr. Sidebotham, in the ' Phytologist,' 1843, p. 649, says that " in a wood below Arden Hall, Cheshire, it flourishes in a swamp to the height of 6 or 7 feet." The stem is from the thickness of a swan-quill to that of a man's finger, with very numerous sheaths, all of which, except about 6 of the lowest, have whorls of branches at their base. The lowest whorls are about lj inch apart or more, closer together above, and quite approximate at the apex of the stem, where the branches rapidly diminish in size. The colour is pale bright-green, and the general form of the plant is cylindrical, tapering towards the lower part, and blunt at the top. Fertile stems 4 inches to 1 foot high, about the thickness of a man's little finger, tapering downwards at the base, with 7 to 18 sheaths, which are placed so closely together that the lower part of the stem, and some- times the whole stem, is concealed. I have, however, one specimen from St. Mary's Church, Devon, in which the upper internodes are 2| inches long, while the sheath itself is only 1| inch. Spike 1\ to 3 inches long, ultimately pale brown.
The form of fertile stem (var. serotinum, A. Braun), which resembles the barren one, is not a variety, but is due to certain conditions of growth, and is not always developed from the same plant. I have collected it myself at Haselmere, Surrey, and on the de'bris of the under-cliff below Fairlight Glen, Hastings, where I observed many examples of it in 1862 ; I have seen it also on the cliffs east of Southend, Essex, and the under-cliif at Folkestone. The Haselmere and Fairlight Glen specimens are 18 inches or 2 feet high, terminated by a spike of 1 or 2 inches ; the rest of the stem is quite like the ordinary sterile plant, except that the sheaths are widened upwards, though not so much as in the sterile plant : but the Folkestone and Southend specimens are 4 to 6 inches high, with spikes J to 1 inch long, have the sheaths close together, much widened upwards, and so bear a much greater resemblance to the ordinary fertile stem, except in being furnished with branches.
If the rootstock be dug up at the time the sterile stern has reached its full size, the buds of the fertile spikes may be observed near its base, 1 J to 2 inches long, looking like small fir-cones from the over- lapping of the teeth of the sheaths. These are developed in the succeeding spring, about March, and disappear by May, at which time
152 ENGLISH BOTANY.
the fertile stems appear, and last till October or November; perhaps if the female spikes are started into growth in the summer or autumn they develop branches.
According to Milde, the sterile stem, terminated by a spike, is the E. eburneum of Schreber.
Great Horsetail.
SPECIES II.— E QUISETUM ARVENSE. Linn.
Plate 1889. Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Exsicc. Xos. 46, 47, and 48.
Stems of two kinds, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem rather slender, with 6 to 19 furrows, slightly rough, especially in the upper part, green. Sheaths shortly cylindrical, very slightly widened upwards, pale green ; teeth 6 to 19, free or some of them united in pairs or threes, triangular-subulate acute, concolorous or edged with pale brown, with very narrow light brown scarious margins. Branches numerous, rarely few, ascending or slightly drooping m luxuriant specimens, usually 4-quetrous, with the ridges not grooved and separated by very deep furrows and the angles not grooved, solid, unbranched or rarely with a few branchlets, their lowest internode exceeding the teeth of the stem-sheath between which it is pro- duced ; sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the branch pale brown or olive, dim, furnished with short roundish-ovate teeth with narrow pale scarious margins ; sheaths at the apex of the first and succeeding internodes of the branches terminated by as many subulate teeth as there are angles on the branch. Fertile stem more or less elongated, moderately stout, succulent, whitish or pale brown, smooth. Sheaths rather distant, tubular-funnel-shaped, sulcate, whitish at the base, brown towards the apex ; teeth 8 to 14, most of them often united into groups of 2 or 3, dark brown, triangular- subulate, often somewhat connivent. Spike cylindrical-oblong, obtuse, pale brown. Rarely fertile stems are produced along with or after the sterile stems, which are much firmer and greener than the ordinary state, with pale green sheaths, and these generally ultimately produce whorls of branches like those of the sterile stem, but often with the first internode of the branch not exceeding the sheath below which it is placed.
By roadsides and in waste places, and in cultivated ground, very common, and generally distributed throughout the country.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Spring.
EQUISETACEJE. 153
Rootstock rather slender, solid, with oblong pubescent tuber-like excrescences. Sterile stems erect, decumbent, or prostrate ; when erect it is usually 1 to 2 feet high or even more, and frequently terminates in a long portion bare of branches, and is about the thickness of a crow- quill in the lower part, which commences to branch at the extremity of the 5th to the 14th internode, but usually about the 8th from the base. The colour is rather dull green, and the general form some- what pyramidal or cylindrical, tapering from about the middle upwards. When growing in cultivated land a great number of decumbent or prostrate stems are produced, with long branches generally few in each whorl. In the form named alpestre, by Wahlenberg, which grows at Micklefell, Teesdale, the sterile stem is short, 2 to 3 inches, prostrate, with an ascending terminal point and subsecund branches. I have seen a similar form on the shores of Loch Leven.
The fertile stem is 4 inches to 1 foot high, with 4 to 8 sheaths. The spike is § to 1^ inches long.
The fertile form, which afterwards throws out branches, appears to be much rarer in E. arvense than in E. maximum. I collected in September, 1838, by the side of Gartmorn Dam, near Alloa, Clack- mannanshire, a fertile form, with a few branches at the base, which resembles the form called E. riparium by Fries, but its sterile stems are more branched. In 1874 a good many late fertile stems came up at Balmuto in the month of June ; at first they were quite unbranched, but distinguishable by their green colour and faintly ribbed surface ; their sheaths were green, less deeply sulcate than those of the ordinary fertile form. Most of these I gathered and dried as specimens. I do not know whether they would all have produced branches or not, but in July I found in the same place several specimens with developed branches, sometimes in complete whorls, but generally only 2 or 3 ; since that year only the ordinary forms of fertile and barren fronds have appeared. This form, when fully developed, is the var. campestre of C. F. Schultz, and the var. serotinum of F. W. Meyer ; but I believe it to be only an accidental variation, not a variety.
Com Horsetail.
Section II.— SUBVEKNALIA. A. Braun.
Stems of two kinds. Sterile stems appearing at the same time as the fertile stems, or shortly after them, and perishing in winter, green or whitish, branched. Stomata level with the surface. Sheaths with persistent teeth. Branches in regular whorls, without any central cavity. Fertile stems appearing in spring, and remaining until autumn ; at first somewhat succulent, whitish or fawn-coloured,
VOL. XII. x
154 ENGLISH BOTANY.
and without branches ; but after the spike is matured becoming firmer, white or greenish, and emitting whorls of branches similar to those of the sterile spikes, but shorter. Spike obtuse, at first greenish- white, afterwards fawn-colour.
SPECIES III.— E Q U I S E T U M PRATENSE. Ehrh.
Plate 1890.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 41, 42.
E. umbrosum, Meyer, in Willd. Sp. PI. Vol. V. p. 3. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv.
ed. ii. p. 965. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 599. Newm. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii.
p. 63. E. Ekrharti, Meyer, Chlor. Hanov. p. 666. E. amphibolium, Betz, Fl. Scand. sapp. 2, p. 602 (teste Koch). E. Drnniniondii, HooTc. E. B. S. No. 2777. E. sylvaticum, (3. minus, Wahlenb. Fl. Suec. p. 689, nnp.
Stems of two kinds, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem slender, with 8 to 20 furrows, rather rough, green. Sheaths shortly funnel- shaped, pale green, sometimes with a pitchy-brown ring at the apex ; teeth 6 to 19, usually free, rarely some of them united in pairs or threes, very narrowly triangular, hyaline with the exception of a brown central firm rib, which is generally excurrent in a small mucro, but sometimes does not reach the apex. Branches numerous, usually 3-quetrous, with the ridges not grooved, and separated by very deep furrows, solid, unbranched or rarely with a few branchlets, their lowest internode shorter than the teeth of the stem-sheath below which it is produced in the lower whorls, but equalling or exceeding them in the upper whorls ; sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the branch brown, mostly wholly scarious towards the apex, furnished with short rounded lobes ; sheaths at the apex of the first and succeeding internodes of the branches, terminated by deltoid blunt teeth. Fertile stem rather short, rather stout, at first slightly succulent and reddish-white or very pale fawn-colour, ultimately firm and green, slightly scabrous. Sheaths approximate, the lowTer ones tubular-funnel-shaped and the upper funnel-shaped, sulcate, wrhite with a dark reddish-brown ring at the apex ; teeth 8 to 20, subulate, almost wholly scarious, some of them occasionally united into groups of 2 or 3, pale brown, with hyaline margins and a brown central firm rib as in the sheaths of the sterile stem. Branches absent until the fertile stem has attained nearly its full height, when they begin to appear; they are similar to those of the barren stem, but always
1
EQUISETACE^E. 155
shorter, generally much shorter. Spike oblong-fusiform, obtuse, at first greenish-white, afterwards fawn-colour. *
In pastures, especially by the sides of streams, and on shady banks and in woods. Local and rather rare, extending from TVestmoreland (or perhaps Lancashire) and Yorkshire to Lanark, Stirling, Perth, Banff and Caithness. Local in Ireland, and confined to the North ; most plentiful in the mountain glens of Antrim.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Late Spring and
early Summer.
Rootstock slender, without tubers. Sterile stem from the thickness of a stocking- wire to that of a crow-quill ; usually 9 to 18 inches high. Plant pale green, somewhat cylindrical, usually blunt-topped, sometimes bending over at the apex, with the branches spreading or drooping and slightly arching, occasionally somewhat secund. Fertile stem appearing in April or the beginning of May, 4 to 14 inches high. The sheaths are wider, the higher they are placed on the stem. Spike J to | inch long.
A very distinct species, though the barren stems are sometimes mistaken for those of E. arvense, but the teeth of the sheaths are very different, being entirely transparent except the thickened central rib. The branches are generally triquetrous, not usually tetra- quetrous as in E. arvense ; the first internode of the branch rarely reaches even to the base of the teeth of the stem-sheath below which it springs ; while in E. arvense it generally exceeds, and always attains, the level of the apex of the teeth. The little sheaths from which the branches spring are distinctly toothed in E. arvense, which is not the case in E. pratense ; and this latter has the teeth of the sheaths of the branches very obtuse, while they are acute in E. arvense. The fertile stems are not likely to be mistaken, the sheaths are so different ; those of E. arvense have the central rib furrowed on the back, and the teeth with very narrow scarious margins, while in E. pratense the central rib has no furrow on the back, and except a small projection at the base, from which the rib springs, they are wholly scarious.
The fertile stems of E. pratense are to be compared with those occasionally found in E. maximum and E. arvense which ultimately produce branches. E. pratense has never, so far as I know, any form of fertile stem analogous to the ordinary fertile steins of E. maximum and E. arvense.
Blunt-topped Horsetail.
156 ENGLISH BOTANY.
SPECIES IV.— E Q Ul S E T U M SYLVATICUM. Urn.
Plate 1891. Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 43.
Stems of two kinds, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem rather slender, with 10 to 18 furrows, separated by ridges, usually furnished with lines of minute spreading bristle-like processes which are longest immediately beneath the sheaths, or rarely nearly smooth, pale green. Sheaths cylindrical, green, reddish-brown at the apex ; teeth 10 to 18, generally combined into 3 or 4 obtuse hooded lobes, rarely any of them free, linear-subulate, reddish-brown or more rarely pitchy- brown, scarious, with the exception of a concolorous firm central rib, which reaches to the tip, but is not excurrent. Branches very numerous, usually tetraquetrous, with the ridges faintly grooved and separated by very deep furrows, solid, much branched, their lowest internode is sometimes shorter than the teeth of the stem- sheath below which it is produced, but exceeding them in the upper whorls ; sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the branch olive, scarious and reddish-brown at the apex, furnished with long triangular acute teeth ; sheath at the apex of the first and succeeding internodes terminated by subulate very acute teeth. Branchlets trigonous, their sheaths with very long subulate teeth curving away from the branchlet. Fertile stem elongate, rather stout, at first somewhat succulent and pale fawn-colour, ultimately firm and pale green, less deeply striated and smoother than in the barren stem. Sheaths rather distant, loose longly cylindrical, con- tracted at the apex, their teeth collected into a few blunt much- hooded lobes, marked with lines indicating the midribs of the teeth, striate, but scarcely sulcate even at the base. Branches absent until the fertile stem has attained nearly its full height, when they begin to appear ; they are similar to those of the barren stem, but usually, though not always, shorter. Spike oblong-cylindrical or oblong-fusiform, at first greenish-white, afterwards fawn-colour.
In moist woods and by the sides of streams, roadsides, and waste places, and on heaths. Rather common and generally distributed throughout England and Scotland, extending to Orkney and Shetland. Not infrequent throughout Ireland.
England, Scotland. Ireland. Perennial. Spring and early
Summer.
EQUISETACEJE. 157
Rootstock rather slender, angular, with a ring of open tubes running through it, producing brown acuminated tubers. Stems usually 1 foot to 18 inches high, and rarely exceeding 2 feet ; remarkable for the lines of bristle-like projections on the ridges of the stem; these bristles vary much in length, and sometimes are alto- gether absent ; I have specimens from Kingcansie, Kincardineshire, and Cullalo, Fifeshire, in which they are wanting, but differ in no other respect from the ordinary form. The plant is bright green, the form somewhat pyramidal from where the branches begin, which is at about the 6th to the 8th internode ; the branches are always arched and drooping, and the top of the stem is also drooping and secund. The fertile stems are at first from 9 to 15 inches high, and at that time are succulent and terminated by a spike § to 1J inch long ; afterwards the branches begin to appear, and are short and recurved ; the stem continues to lengthen, to become firmer, and the branches to increase in size, the spike withers away ; and ultimately the fertile frond is distinguishable from the barren one mainly by its being truncate at the top, where usually the withered remains of the spike may be found. The fertile stem is generally smooth, and the first internode of the branches shorter than the stem-sheath below which it is produced.
A well-marked species, from its compound drooping branches, and sheaths with the teeth combined so as to appear lacerate rather than toothed.
Wood Horsetail.
Section III.— .ESTIT ALIA. A. Braun.
Stems all similar, or nearly so, perishing in winter, green or whitish, smooth to the touch or nearly so, branched. Stomata level with the surface. Sheaths with persistent teeth. Branches in regular whorls, except in depauperate specimens, with a central cavity ; rarely the branches are absent. Fertile stems differing from the sterile ones only in being terminated by a spike, which is perfected in summer. Spike blunt or rarely slightly apiculate, usually black or dark brown.
SPECIES Y.—E Q U I S E T U M PALUSTRE. Linn.
Plate 1892. Rabenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Essicc. Nos. 69, 70, 71.
Stems all similar, perishing in autumn. Sterile stein rather slender or with 5 to 12 furrows, which are rather shallow in the living plant, but become deeper in dried specimens, separated by ridges which
158 ENGLISH BOTANY.
are not grooved, slightly rough, green. Sheaths shortly cylindrical- funnel-shaped, green, often pitchy-brown towards the apex ; teeth 5 to 12, mostly free, or more rarely some of them united in pairs or threes, narrowly triangular, acute, dark brown or pitchy-black, with very broad pure white hyaline margins. Branches usually in whorls, but sometimes only 1 or 2 from a node, and sometimes wholly absent, generally 5-angular, but varying from 4- to 7-angular, with the ridges separated by very shallow furrows, hollow, unbranched, their lowest internode much shorter than the teeth of the stem-sheath below which it is produced, and indeed reduced to little more than a sheath ; sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the branch pitchy- brown or nearly black, shining, with deltoid-ovate obtuse teetH having very narrow pale brown or whitish scarious margins ; sheath at the apex of the first internode terminated by deltoid-ovate blunt teeth ; teeth of the succeeding internodes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with a weak mucro. Fertile stem differing from the sterile one only in being terminated by a spike which is ovoid-oblong or cylindrical- oblong, obtuse, pitchy-black.
In bogs and marshes, and on the shores of lakes and ponds and on wet rocks. Common and generally distributed throughout England and Scotland, extending to Orkney and Shetland ; frequent through- out Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
A very variable plant. The commonest form has erect stems, 1 foot high or more, but the length of the stem varies from a few inches to 2 feet. The plant is of a rather dull green, and is narrowly pyramidal when branched. When unbranched it is the var. nudum of Duby, but unbranched stems may be seen springing from the same rootstock as branched ones. The stems grow more in tufts than in any of the preceding species, and in this respect resemble the Equiseta hyemalia. Frequently the stem is decumbent or prostrate and without branches, when it is the var. nudum of Newman (' Brit. Ferns,' ed. ii. p. 49), but not of Duby, the var. alpinum of Hooker, and var. subnudum of the London Catalogue of British Plants ; but this appears to be merely a starved state of the plant. The spike is I to f inch long, and is produced in June or July.
An extraordinary state of the fertile stem, in which 1 or more of the upper branches are terminated by spikes, has received the name of var. polystachyum ; but this is evidently a monstrosity rather than a variety. Yery often the main central stem has been accidentally injured, so that there is no spike at its apex ; but specimens occur
EQUISETACE.E. 15£
^icti have not only a spike on the main stem, but also minute ones- on the branches, which are much elongated.
The barren fronds of E. palustre are much like those of E. arvense, but may be readily distinguished by the teeth of the stem-sheaths being darker, and with a broader white margin ; by the minute sheaths from which the branches spring being pitchy-brown or black and shining ; by the branches being hollow and most commonly 5-angled, and with the faces between the angles not excavated into deep grooves ; by the teeth of the sheaths of the branches being much shorter and sulcate ; and above all, by the first internode of the branches being extremely short, rarely reaching even to the base of the teeth of the stem-sheath, while in E. arvense it almost always exceeds the apex of the teeth of the stem-sheath.
Marsh Horsetail.
SPECIES VI.— E Q U I S E T U M LI MO SUM. Smith.
Plate 1893.
E. fluviatile (Linn.'), Neicm. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 51. Hartm. Handb. Skand. Fl. ed. xi. p. 548. Non Sm.
Stems all similar, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem stout, rarely rather slender, not furrowed when fresh, but with 10 to 25 faint stria? (which are more consjncuous in the dried plant), smooth, green. Sheaths shortly cylindrical or funnel-shaped-cylindrical, green, often pitchy-black towards the apex ; teeth 10 to 25, mostly free, but sometimes united in pairs or threes, narrowly triangular or triangular- subulate, acute, usually pitchy-black or at least tipped with that colour, with very narrow pale brown scarious margins. Branches usually in whorls, but sometimes only 1 or 2 from a node, and often wholly absent, generally 4-angular but sometimes 5- to 6-angled, with the ridges separated by very shallow furrows, hollow, unbranched, their lowest internode shorter than the teeth of the sheath-stem below which it is produced; sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the branch pitchy -brown or olive, dim with deltoid-ovate subacute teeth, without whitish margins ; sheath at the apex of the first internode terminated by triangular-acute teeth, and those of the succeeding internodes with subulate very acute teeth. Fertile stem differing from the sterile one only in being terminated by a spike which is oval-ovoid or ovoid-oblong, obtuse, pitchy-black or pitchy- brown.
160 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Var. a. genuinum.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 74.
E. limosum, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1517. Fries, Sunim. Veg. Scant!, p. 59.
E. limosum, var. Linnseanum, Doll; Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 227.
Stem unbranched, or with a few irregular solitary or subsolitary branches.
Var. /3. jiuviatile.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 75 and 124.
E. fluviatile, Linn. Spec. Pant. No. 1517. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 59. Non
Smith. E. limosum, var. verticillatum, Doll ; Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 227.
Stem with regular whorls of branches. Stem stouter than in var. a, and when barren with a longer point.
In lakes, ponds, and ditches, growing in the water, or rarely in wet places out of water. Frequent and generally distributed throughout England and Scotland, extending to Orkney and Shetland. Common in Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
Rootstock hollow. Stems erect, dark green, scarcely striated, when growing easily compressible from having a large central hollow and thin walls, which are not strengthened by a cylinder of thickened cells as in all the other British species of Equiseta. In var. a they vary from the thickness of a crow-quill to that of a swan-quill ; but in var. ft they are frequently as thick as a man's little finger. The unbranched forms are nearly as common as the branched. When growing in bogs or shallow water the branches are commonly absent, but they are so also not unfrequently even in deep water, in which the plant attains its greatest development, reaching a height of 3 or 4 feet, or even more. It is in deep water too that the barren stems terminate in a long naked point. The spike is ^ to § inch long, less cylindrical than in the preceding species, and often paler in colour. A ' polystachyum ' form occurs, but much more rarely than in E. palustre.
The absence of furrows on the stem distinguishes all the forms of this plant from those of E. palustre when the plants are fresh. In the dried state the outside of the stem shrinks so that it appears furrowed ; but the narrower teeth, without conspicuous white margins, should be enough to distinguish this from E. palustre. The want of a cylinder of thickened cells is a characteristic of this species ; indeed, it occurs in only one other European form, namely, E. littorale of Kiihlew, which is generally believed to be a hybrid between
EQUISETACE^E. 161
E. limosum and E. arvense. If this be so, it is not unlikely to occur in Britain. E. littorale has the general habit of the forms of E. arvense which have branched fertile stems, but the rootstock is angular and hollow, and there is no ring of thickened tissue in the stem ; the branches also are generally hollow.
E. limosum is a variable plant, but the variations run too much into each other to be separable into varieties; even the two forms which I have admitted as varieties are most difficult to define, and may very possibly be merely states of the plant due to external circumstances. I have, however, retained them, as they are generally accepted in this country, and were considered distinct species by both Linnaeus and Fries.
Water Horsetail.
Section IV.— HYEMALIA. A. Brawn.
Stems all similar, persisting, green, rough to the touch, branched or unbranched. Stomata sunk in depressions so as to be below the general surface of the epidermis. Sheaths with persistent or deciduous teeth. Branches usually solitary, rarely in whorls, often absent, with a central cavity. Fertile stems differing from the sterile ones only in being terminated by a spike, which is perfected in autumn or late summer. Spike mucronate or apiculate, usually black.
SPECIES VII.— E QUISETUM HYEMALE. ' Linn: (auct. plur.)
Plates 1894 and 1895.
Stems all similar, sub-evergreen, solitary or several together from each node or extremity of branch of the rootstock rather stout or rather slender, with a central hollow off or \ its diameter, with 8 to 34 rather shallow furrows, separated by subobtuse edges, which are not furrowed on the back, and are rough, with small prominent tubercles arranged in one stripe on each ridge, dull dark green. Sheaths cylindrical, applied to the stem or slightly widened upwards, at first pale green and concolorous, then with a black band at the apex and afterwards another at the base, afterwards wholly black, ultimately white with a black band at the base and a narrower one at the apex ; the lower ones permanently black ; each of the portions of the sheath which corresponds to one of the teeth with a narrow shallow furrow down the centre, and another similar furrow on each side, midway between the central furrow and the great furrow which extends (between the teeth) from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth
VOL. XII. Y
L62 ENGLISH BOTANY.
8 to 34, deltoid-triangular or triangular, acuminated into long setaceous-subulate flexuous or straight points, which are wholly scarious, pitchy-black, with narrow paler margins, and are often caducous except on the terminal sheaths, in which case by their fall thev leave the sheaths truncate and crenate — these crenatures corresponding with the bases of the teeth ; more rarely the points of the teeth of all or of some of the sheaths are persistent. Branches very rarely produced, and then solitary, resembling the stem in miniature, with the first internode much shorter than the stem-sheath below which it is produced ; sheath enclosing the first internode of the branch pitchy-black, shining, oblique ; sheaths at the apex of the first and succeeding internodes of the branch terminated by triangular teeth with deciduous subulate scarious points. Spikes oval- or roundish- or oblong-ovoid, acuminated and mucronate or apiculate, pitchy-black or pitchy-brewn, its ba?e embraced by the teeth of the uppermost stem-sheath.
Subspecies I.— Equisetum eu-hyemale.
Plate 1891.
Rabenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 49.
E. hyemale, Newman, Pbytol. 1854, p. 19.
E. hyemale, var. genuinuro, A. Braun ; Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 2-13.
Stems all similar, sub-evergreen, mostly solitary from each node or extremity of branch of the rootstock, rather stout, with a central hollow of about two-thirds its diameter with 15 to 34 rather shallow furrows separated by subobtuse ridges, which are not furrowed on the back, and are rough with small prominent tubercles arranged in one stripe on each ridge, dull dark green. Sheaths cylindrical, closely applied to the stem, pale green, at first concolorous, then with a black band at the apex and afterwards another at the base, after- wards wholly black, ultimately white with a black band at the base and a narrower one at the apex, the lower ones permanently black ; each of the portions of the sheath which corresponds to one of the teeth with a narrow shallow furrow down the centre, and another similar shallow furrow on each side between the central furrow and the great furrow which extends (between the teeth) from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth 15 to 34, deltoid-triangular, acuminated into long setaceous, subulate flexuous or crisped roughish points, which are wholly scarious, pitchy-black with narrow paler margins, and are caducous except on the terminal
EQUISETACE^E. 163
sheath, so that by their fall the sheath is left truncate and crenate ; these crenatures correspond with the bases of the teeth. Brandies absent or very rarely produced, and then solitary, resembling the stem in miniature, with its first internode much shorter than the stem- sheath, below which it is produced ; sheath enclosing the first inter- node of the branch pitchy -black, shining, oblique ; sheaths at the apex of the first and succeeding internodes of the branch terminated by triangular teeth with deciduous subulate scarious points. Spike oval- or roundish-ovoid, acuminated and mucronate, pitchy-black or pitchy-brown, its base embraced by the persistent teeth of the upper- most stem-sheath.
In moist woods and on wet banks and bogs, and in wet places amongst sandhills, rare, from Kent, Surrey, Hereford, and Glamorgan to Aberdeen, Banff, Elgin, Ross, Perth, Lanark, and Ayr. Rare, but distributed from north to south of Ireland.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Late Summer, Autumn.
Rootstock creeping, black, hollow. Stems 1J to 2^ feet high; usually about the thickness of a goose-quill or a swan-quill, so rough on the ridges as to make a distinctly grating sound when the finger- nail is drawn along them ; spaces between the ridges transversely rugose, with a line of stomata sunk in depressions at the base of the ridges on each side. Sheaths usually about J inch long, appearing truncate by the scarious part of the teeth separating as the stem developes. The teeth of the uppermost sheath, which is funnel-shaped and embraces the base of the spike, are always persistent, and are slightly rough and crisped or twisted. Very rarely the teeth of the stem-sheaths are persistent, in which case they are at first black, but afterwards become hyaline. Branches rarely produced. I possess but a single specimen which has a branch from near the apex of the stem; it was gathered by Mr. Roy, at Banchory, Kincardineshire. Spike 5 to ^ inch long.
The stems survive the winter, but are more or less killed at the apices, and in severe winter sometimes down to the ground.
From the roughness of the stems caused by particles of silica, they are capable of being used " as a file in polishing wood, ivory, or even brass. This purpose it has long served in England, under the name of Dutch Rushes, being usually imported from Holland." (Sm. Eng. Flor. vol. iv. p. 340.)
Rough Horsetail ; Dutch Bush ; or Shave-grass.
164 EXGLISH HOTAXY.
Subspecies II.— Equisetum Moorei. Neum.
Plate 1895.
Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 501.
Newman, Phytol. 1854, p. 19.
E. hyemale, var. Moorei. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 601. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot.
ed. vii. p. 440. Eook.fil. Stud. PL ed. ii. p. 502. E. hyemale, var. Schleicheri. Mikle, Fil. Europ. p. 244. E. paleaceum, " Schleicher, e p. ;" e p. Milde, I.e. E. trachyodon, Babenh. I.e. No. 50. Non A. Braun.
Stems all similar, sub-evergreen, usually in tufts of 3 or 4 together from each node, or extremity of branch of the rootstock, rather slender, with a central hollow of about half its diameter, with 8 to 15 ("to 23," Milde) rather shallow furrows, separated by sub- obtuse ridges, which are not furrowed on the back, and are rough with small prominent tubercles arranged in one stripe on each, ridge, dull dark green. Sheaths cylindrical-funnel-shaped, a little widened upwards, pale green, at first concolorous, then with a black band at the apex and afterwards another at the base, ultimately white with a black band at the base and a narrower one at the apex ; the lowest ones permanently black ; each of the portions of the sheath which corresponds to one of the teeth with a narrow shallow furrow down the centre, and another similar furrow on each side between the central furrow and the great furrow which extends (between the teeth) from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth 8 to 16, triangular, acuminated into long setaceous-subulate straight or slightly flexuous points, which are wholly scarious, pitchy-black with narrow paler margins and persist until the stems are full grown ; but in the succeeding winter or spring many of them fall off and leave the sheaths truncate and crenate, the crenatures corresponding to the bases of the teeth. B.^anches absent, or very rarely produced, solitary or two at a node, resembling the stem in miniature, with the first internode much shorter than the stem-sheath below which it is pro- duced ; sheath enclosing the first internode of the branch pitchy- black, shining, oblique ; sheaths at the apex of the first and succeed- ing internodes terminated by subulate persistent teeth. Spike oblong- ovoid, acuminated and shortly mucronate, pitchy-black, its base embraced by the teeth of the uppermost stem-sheath.
On wet rocky banks and on open sandhills, very rare. "Sand- hills north of Courtown, County Wexford, and sandhills near ArkAvell, and thence northwards in many places along the coast
equisetacejE. 165
extending to near Seamark House, County Wicklow." (A. Gr. More.) First found by the late Dr. D. Moore, 1861, on wet rocky banks facing the sea, and on open ground facing Rochfield, not far from Dunganstowu, Wicklow, Mr. A. Gr. More says, the plant of Dundrum Sandhills " should probably be referred to E. Moorei." This would extend the range of the plant to County Down.
Ireland. Perennial. Autumn.
Stems 1 to 2 feet high, from the thickness of a stocking-wire to that of a crow-quill ; sheaths about ^ inch long exclusive of the teeth. Spike j— | of an inch long.
E. Moorei differs from E. eu-hyemale in its much smaller size, more deeply furrowed stem of which the sheaths are slightly widened upwards and have the teeth persistent ; the points of the teeth are firmer in texture, and many of them remain attached to the sheaths until winter, and even in spring may be found on stems which have not been killed by frost.
One of the characters which was considered distinctive of E. Moorei, in the original notice of it, is apparently not constant. Dr. D. Moore writes in December, 1853, " The stems of all our British unbranched species of Equisetum are persistent, remaining green throughout the winter. The economy of the plant to which I am now directing your attention is the reverse of this : the stems die down annually " (Phytol. 1854, p. 18). I have cultivated this for more than four years from roots sent me by Dr. Moore, and I find that they are scarcely more tender than those of E. eu-hyemale grown along with it ; neither form is completely evergreen, being more or less killed downwards from the top according to the severity of the frost.
Mr. A. Gr. More, writing from Glasnevin in May 1869, says that " none of E. Moorei are quite dead, nearly all are green § up," and in the ' Journal of Botany ' for 1868, p. 253, he writes, " In the wild state the stems are not strictly deciduous, for in sheltered situations among bushes I have found them quite green and fresh even so late as in the month of March ; and if on the open sandhills they are more or less withered, I believe that this may be due simply to exposure." Mr. J. Gr. Baker in a letter says, concerning the stems of E. Moorei, " They are just the same in texture as in E. hyemale, but perhaps — I am not even certain as to that — cut up by frost rather earlier."
In cultivation at Balmuto it has remained unchanged ; and is in habit and general appearance much more like E. trachyodon than E. eu-hyemale.
According to Milde, E. paleaceum (Schleicher) which is the oldest name, is to be rejected, as by it plants quite different from each other are intended by different authors and even by Schleicher himself. That being the case, Mr. Newman's name Moorei is antecedent to the
166 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Schleicheri of Milde, and the name Moorei is now generally used in British Floras.
Moore s Horsetail.
SPECIES VIII.— E Q U I S E T U M TRACHYODON. A.Braun.
Plate 1896.
E. Mackaii, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. 1844, p. 25.
E. hyemale, var. Mackaii, Newm. Pkytol. 1842, p. 305.
E. variegatum, var. trachyodon, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 502.
E. elongatum, Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1842, p. 42. Non Willd.
E. ramosum, Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. p. 620. Non DC.
Stems all similar, completely evergreen, usually several together from each branch of the rootstock, rather slender, with a central hollow about one-third of its diameter, with 8 to 14 rather shallow furrows separated by acute-angled ridges, which are furrowed on the back, and are rough with small prominent tubercles arranged in 2 lines on each ridge, dull dark green. Sheaths shortly cylindrical, closely applied to the stem, at first green and concolorous, then with a black band at the apex, soon becoming wholly black, but ultimately usually having a narrow whitish ring below the narrow black apical band ; each of the portions of the sheath which corresponds to one of the teeth with a rather broad deep furrow in the centre, and another broad shallow rather indistinct furrow on each side between the central furrow and the great furrow which extends between the teeth from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth 8 to 14, triangular-subulate, gradually acuminated into long subulate-setaceous straight rough firm persistent points, pitchy-black, with rather narrow paler or white scarious margins, furrowed on the back, persistent, though sometimes their points get broken off, occasionally becoming nearly wholly white when old. Branches absent, or rarely produced unless the main stem be injured, and then solitary, resembling the stem in miniature, with its first internode much shorter than the stem-sheath below which it is produced ; sheath enclosing the first internode of the branch, pitchy- black, shining, irregularly toothed ; sheath at the apex of the first inter- node of the branch terminated by ovate-triangular apiculate pitchy- black teeth without furrows on the back ; the succeeding ones similar to those on the main stem, pitchy black. Spike oval-ovoid, abruptly acuminated and mucronate, pitchy-black, its base embraced by the teeth of the uppermost sheath.
In wet, shady places, very rare. On the banks and in the water
EQUISETACEiE. 167
of the Dee, at intervals of 6 or 7 miles within the parish of Banchory- Ternan, Kincardineshire, the Eev. J. M. Brichan, who says, "It appears to prefer a locality where water oozing from the bank forms a moist green spot, or finds its way through a rent made by the river, or a channel worn by itself. The water where E. Mackaii thus fixes its habitat, is generally, if not invariably, chalybeate." (Phytol. 1842, p. 371.) The Aberdeen botanists, however, do not seem to have observed this plant, as in answer to inquiries Dr. Gr. Dickie replied in Nov. 1874, " I know nothing of Equisetum trachyodon in this quarter ; Mr. Roy says the same." Perhaps some form of E. hyemale or E. variegatum, both of which certainly grow by the Dee, may have been mistaken for E. trachyodon, but Mr. Brichan's description appears to agree best with the true plant.
Moist banks near a waterfall at the upper end of Colin Grlen, Belfast, where it was found in August 1833, by Mr. J. T. Mackay, in company with Mr. F. Whitla. In Ballynarrigan Glen, near Dun- given, Derry, and in several glens near Glenarm, Antrim, Dr. D. Moore, in Drunnan Wood, and on the adjacent shores of Loch Cullin, Mayo, Mr. A. Gr. More. In two places by the side of the stream in Chevy Chase, about 7 miles south-east from Grort, co. Gralway, Mr. H. C. Hart. Near St. Ann's, Blarney (R. Mills), Rev. T. Allin.
Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Late Summer and Autumn.
Plant erect, or more or less decumbent, 1 to 2 feet high, from the thickness of a stocking-wire to that of a crow-quill. Sheaths -§- to ^ inch exclusive of the teeth, which are stiff and persistent ; uppermost sheath which embraces the spike funnel-shaped, gradually narrowed upwards, with lanceolate teeth having broad white margins and brown scabrous flexuous points. Spike about i inch long, abruptly acuminated into a short mucro.
Branches are much more frequently produced in E. trachyodon than in any of the forms of E, hyemale. They may come from any part of the stem, and sometimes have a secondary branch from one of their internodes. In the ' Cybele Hibernica' it is stated that " after a series of careful observations made in Antrim, Mr. D. Orr considers that the normal state of E. trachyodon is the unbranched form. In exposed situations, when broken by the wind or injured by cattle, the stems throw out lateral shoots from near the point of injury." (Cyb. Hib. p. 365.)
E. trachyodon is very similar in general appearance to E. Moorei, so much so that many excellent botanists appear to have mistaken the one for the other, as instanced in Rabenhorst's published fasciculi. In E. trachyodon, however, the ridges of the stem are not rounded on
168 ENGLISH BOTANY.
the back, but slightly grooved, and present two sharp angles towards the furrows, and the rough points with which they are furnished are arranged in two distinct lines. The sculpture of the sheaths and teeth is different, the central furrow running into each tooth is deeper, and the lateral furrows are wider and shallower than in E. Moorei. The points of the teeth are firmer, not being wholly scarious, but having a furrowed rib of firm tissue running along them ; this rib is of a pitchy-black colour, and is bordered with pale or whitish scarious margins. The teeth are much more persistent ; the sheaths become sooner black and remain much longer so, not assuming a whitish tinge until the winter. The stems are completely evergreen. I have not found it injured by frost since 1876, when I received living specimens from Mr. S. A. Stewart, of Belfast, which have grown in the open ground up to 1881.
Mackays Horsetail.
SPECIES IX.— E QUISETUM VARIEGATUM. Schleich,
Plates 1897 and 1898. Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 73 and 98.
Stems all similar, completely evergreen, usually several together from each branch of the rootstock, slender or rather slender, rarely stout, with a central hollow of one-fifth to one-third of its diameter, with 4 to 12 shallow furrows separated by subacute-angled ridges, which are rough with small prominent tubercles arranged in two lines on each ridge and furrowed on the back, dull dark green. Sheaths shortly (rarely longly) cylindrical-turbinate, yellowish-green, at first concolorous, then witli a black band at the apex ultimately extending downwards until nearly the whole sheath becomes black, but usually without a black band at the base, and rarely wholly black, each of the portions of the sheath which corresponds with one of the teeth with a rather broad deep furrow in the centre, and another broad shallow rather indistinct furrow on each side between the central furrow and the great furrow which extends between the teeth from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth 4 to 12, triangular- lanceolate or triangular-ovate, abruptly or rather abruptly acu- minated into setaceous straight rough firm mostly caducous points, pitchy-black with broad white scarious margins, furrowed on the back, persistent, though generally their points either fall or get broken off, occasionally becoming nearly wholly white when old. Branches rarely produced unless the main stem has been injured
EQUISETACE/E. 169
and then solitary or in pairs, resembling the stem in miniature, with the first internode much shorter than the stem-sheath, below which it is produced ; sheath enclosing the first internode of the branch, pitchy-black, shining, irregularly toothed ; sheath at the apex of the first and succeeding internodes of the branch terminated by ovate- triangular apiculate pitchy-black teeth without furrows on the back ; the succeeding ones similar to those on the main stem. Spike oblong- or oval-ovoid, abruptly acuminated and mucronate, pitchy- black, its base usually embraced by the teeth of the uppermost stem- sheath.
Var. a. genuinum. Plate 1897. E. variegatum, var. arenarium, Neicm. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. viii. p. 451.
Stem usually slender, often very slender, flexuous, decumbent or prostrate ; stem ridges each with 2 acute angles, and a conspicuous central furrow.
Var. /3. majus.
Stem rather slender, not flexuous, erect; stem ridges each with 2 acute angles and a conspicuous central furrow.
Var. y. Wilsoni. Newm. Plate 1898.
Stem stout, not flexuous, erect, stem ridges with 2 obtuse angles and a shallow central furrow, less rough than in vars. a and ft.
Yar. a in damp places on sandhills, and on damp rocks and by the sides of streams. Bare. Salcombe cliff, near Sidmouth, Devon ; reported from Somerset and Flint ; plentiful on the sand- hills at the mouth of the Mersey, as at Wallasey and New Brighton, Cheshire, and at Bootle, Crosby and Southport, Lancashire ; near Settle, Yorkshire ; Teesdale ; in several places by the river Irthing-, near Ward re w, Northumberland, and by the same river above the upper stepping-stones at Grilsland, Cumberland. In Scotland it is reported from the Clyde Islands (Prof. Balfour, Top. Bot,); Frank- field Loch, Lanark ; North Berwick, Haddington ; near Largo and Tentsmuir, Fife (Mr. C. Howie) ; sands of Barry, Forfarshire ; banks of the Dee, -Kincardiueshire ; near Tain, Eoss-shire. In Ireland it is found on sandhills at Port Marnoch and Port Crane, Dublin ;
vol. xit. z
170 EXGLISn BOTANY.
sandhills at Mullaghmore, and rocks at Grlencar, co. Sligo ; sandhills at Benone, Magilligan,. Deny.
Yar. /3, banks of the Dee at Durra, Kincardineshire ; by the Royal Canal at Dublin ; east of Clonsella Station, and a little below the bridge at Cross Duns, near Glasnevin ; canal at Mullingar ; margins of the pool of water on the Hunting Course field west of Castle Taylor ; and shore of Loch Bulard, near Roundstone, Galway ; and perhaps shore of Loch Carra, Mayo.
Yar. y in ditches by the side of the Lake of Killarney, at Mucruss, County Kerry.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Late Summer, Autumn.
A very variable plant, with stems from 3 or 4 inches to 2 feet long, and from the thickness of a darning-needle to that of a crow-quill or more ; they are generally more or less decumbent, especially when growing on sandhills ; usually they are unbranched, but I have specimens from Wallasey sandhills upon which there are branches from many of the internodes ; these branches are either solitary or in pairs, and in the latter case opposite, or very rarely on the same side of the stem. The branches occasionally terminate in spikes, and indeed seem to be more like secondary stems than anything else. The sheaths vary considerably in length and in colour, but are always enlarged upwards, and then again slightly contracted ; the teeth are also very variable, even in specimens from the same locality ; they are usually rather short and blunt, with broad white margins, and are generally abruptly acuminated into a long white setaceous point, which either falls off or is very liable to be broken off. Among the specimens I have from TVallasey sandhills, collected by Mr. H. S. Fisher in 1871, there are some in which the teeth of the sheaths are triangular and gradually acuminated into subulate points, and have only narrow white. margins, though others collected at the same place and at the same date have teeth of the ordinary form.
Yar. /3 scarcely appears to pass insensibly into the ordinary form. The plant from the Dublin Canal I have cultivated for about five years from roots sent me by the late Dr. D. Moore ; these have remained stouter and more erect than those of var. genuinum grown beside them, and divide below ground, while in var. a the stems come in tufts from the branches of the rootstock above ground ; the stems, however, do not exceed 1 foot high, while in the Dublin Canal they are twice as long, probably growing more luxuriantly from being in the water. The plants from the banks of the Dee, Kincardine- shire, are intermediate between the Dublin Canal plant and the var. genuinum, but they have longer teeth and blacker sheaths. Specimens from the bridge of Potarch, Kincardineshire, collected by Mr. J. Sim in 1871, have stout stems, with short almost wholly black sheaths, and
EQUISETACE^E. 171
lanceolate-subulate gradually-acuminate teeth, having rather narrow scarious margins ; this form may be the var. pseudo-elongatum of Milde.
I have been unable to procure specimens of the Killarney plant, on which the var. Wilsoni was originally founded. It seems to be a much larger plant than the Dublin Canal one. Mr. Newman describes a stem which he believes to be of average size, and says it is 38 inches long, one-third of which was submerged, and from his figure of it, it must have been as thick as a goose-quill. He considers the average number of furrows as 10, " the ridges between them being broad, as in the common form, but the silicious particles are far less prominent, so that the plant does not partake of that asperity which so eminently characterises E. hyemale, E. Mackaii, and the more usual forms of E. variegatum, but has a smoother feel like that of E. palustre. . . . The sheaths are scarcely larger than the stem, with which, in dried speci- mens, they appear perfectly concolorous, with the exception of a narrow sinuous black band at the summit of each." (Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. pp. 39, 40.) Mr. Newman considered that the Mucruss plant was not the same as that from the Dublin Canal and Kincardineshire.
E. variegatum, or at least the stouter forms of it, is liable to be con- founded with E. trachyodon, but the sheaths of the latter are cylin- drical and closely applied to the stem, and they have long subulate, rather rigid teeth. In E. variegatum the sheaths widen upwards, and then contract ; the teeth are considerably shorter than in E. trachy- odon, even in those cases in which they are gradually acuminated. It is very rarely that the whole sheath becomes black, as they so commonly do in E. trachyodon.
Small forms of E. palustre have sometimes been mistaken for E. variegatum, but that plant has the stem-ridges without a furrow on their back, and without the two distinct rows of silicious tubercles on the ridges, which like the spaces between them, are only trans- versely rugose ; the furrows of the sheaths which correspond to the divisions between the teeth are deeper, and the portion between these furrows more convex and without a central furrow until near the apex, while the lateral furrows, which are distinct in E. variegatum, are wanting in E. palustre ; the teeth of the sheaths in E. variegatum are usually much longer and sharper than in E. palustre, and the spike of the latter is not apiculate or mucronate.
The stems of E. variegatum are completely evergreen, and the spikes more frequently survive the winter in this than in the other Equiseta hyemalia, although it occasionally happens to them all ; when it does so, the spike in spring becomes slightly exserted and paler in colour.
It seems probable that under the name E. hyemale, Linna3us included not only the plant usually called E. hyemale by modern botanists, but also all the forms of the Equiseta hyemalia (the section Hippochsete, Milde). The same view was taken by Mr.
172 ENGLISH BOTANY,
Newman in 1842, in which year he published descriptions of the British Equiseta in the ' Phytologist,' though in the 2nd edition of his ' British Ferns,' published in 1844, he described E. Mackaii (E. trachy- odon) and E. variegatum as distinct from E. hyemale ; but he marked the names of these species with a dagger, thus indicating they were " species whose distinctness I do not consider to be at present clearly proved." Dr. Stenzel, in Cohn's * Kryptogamen Fl. von Schlesien,' includes under E. hyemale as subspecies E. ramosissimum, Desf., E. hyemale genuinum with its var. Schleicheri (Moorei) and E. variega- tum, Schleicher ; and certainly all these forms pass so insensibly into each other, that I feel much inclined to follow his example. Still there seem sufficient differences to divide the subdeciduous E. hyemale with its form Moorei from the truly evergreen British Equiseta. E. trachyodon should probably be considered as but a subspecies of E. variegatum, but I think it is more than a variety ; the living plant looks much more distinct from the forms of E. variegatum than do dried specimens.
Variegated Horsetail.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
EQUISETUM RAMOSUM. Schleicher.
Said by Schkuhr to grow in Wales, but no authority is given. This is the plant now generally called E. ramosissimum, Desf. It occurs in the West of France, as far north as the valley of the Loire, and may possibly occur in Britain, as it might be passed as a form of E. variegatum. I have seen no Welsh specimens of E. variegatum, though it is reported from Carnarvon.
CHARACE^E.
173
CLASS II.-OELLULARES.
Perennial or more rarely annual herbs which have a stem composed wholly of cellular tissue, producing adventitious roots and usually leaves or branches, more rarely reduced to that combination of stem and leaf termed a thallus, as in the Class III. (Thallophyta). Spores produced after fertilisation of the archegonia by the antherozoids, either solitary within a spirally marked indehiscent nucule, or numerous and contained in a spore case {capsule or sporo- gonium), which is usually elevated on a stalk. Antherozoids con- tained in the cells of coiled filaments or oblong vesicles, and dis- charged by the rupture of the cells.
ORDER XCYL— CHAR ACE JE.*
Aquatic annual or perennial herbs having branched stems, of which the internodes consist of a single large cell, which is either naked or covered by a layer of slender parallel cortical-cells, and frequently coated with a deposit of carbonate of lime. Stems fur- nished at the nodes with whorls of branchlets (leaves of many authors). At the base of the verticillate branchlets there are in many species two or more whorls, rarely only one whorl of stipule-cells (involucral spines, Babington — stipulodes of Messrs. Arthur Bennett and H. and J. Groves). Branchlets simple, or one or more times forked into rays, or with partial or rarely complete whorls of secondary branchlets (bracts). Male and female organs developed at the extremity of the branchlets, or at their nodes in the axils of the bracts. Male organs {globules) spherical, at first green, afterwards red or yellowish, con- sisting of 8 plates or shields, on the inside of each of which there is a central projecting cell, termed the manubrium, terminated by a globular cell, called' the capitulum, or head, which produces 6 secondary capi- tula, or heads, from each of which proceed four long coiled filaments divided transversely into very numerous cells, in each of which is formed a biciliated antherozoid. Female organs (nucules) subglobular or ovoid or fusiform, reddish-yellow or olive, consisting of a nucleus
* In the general arrangement and nomenclature of the species of this Order, I have followed the eighth edition of Babington's ' Manual of British Botany,' pp. 468 and 473. The admirable papers of Messrs. H. and J. Groves in ' Journal of Botany,' 1880, have given me much assistance, especially by quoting synonyms from works to which I had not access, and giving the localities, so far as known, in which the species occur.
174 ENGLISH BOTANY.
coated with five cells coiled spirally round it, terminated by a coronula, or crown, of 5 prominent cells in 1 row, or of 10 less prominent ones in two superposed rows. The apical cell of the nucleus is fertilised by the antherozoids ; ultimately the nucule falls and germinates, [producing two shoots, one of which descends into the soil, produces root-hairs, and remains colourless, constituting the primary rhizoid; the other shoot ascends, and soon develops chlorophyll ; its longi- tudinal growth is limited to a few cells, but at about its middle or below, a bud is formed, from which the perfect plant is developed : sometimes two or more rhizoids, and two chlorophyll-bearing shoots are produced from the same nucule. See Plate 1905, and A. de Bary in ' Botanische Zeitung,' 1875, p. 377, t. v. and vi.] *
GENUS L— N I T E L L A. Agardh.
Internodes of the stem more or less pellucid, naked, without a covering of parallel cortical cells, also without a whorl of stipule-cells below the whorl of branchlets. Nucule with a crown of 10 small erect cells in 2 superposed rows, the cells of the upper row much smaller than those of the lower row, generally falling off before the nucule is ripe.
Section I.— EU-NITELLA. A. Brawn.
Globules in the forks of the branchlets, of which the terminal rays are either 1-celled, or, if of more than 1 cell, having the apical cell much smaller than that behind it. Nucules below the globules.
SPECIES I.-N ITELLA FLEXILIS. Agardh.
Plate 1899.
Brawn, Babenhorst, and Stizinger, Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 22, 23, 24, 51, 55, 101.
Nordstedt and Wahlstedt, Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 8-14.
NiteUa flexilis, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 124. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 166, t. 210,
* Owing to the indisposition of Mr. Boswell, the task of bringing the Characeaa down to date, and seeing this portion of English Botany through the press, has been entrusted by the publishers to myself; and in order that it may be known what portions I am responsible for, everything that I have added to Mr. Boswell's work is included in square brackets thus [ ], with the exception of the bulk of the synonymy for which I am chiefly responsible, some additional localities, and a few words it has been necessary to add or alter here and there in order to make the context clearer ; beyond this, the work stands just as Mr. Boswell left it. — N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kcw, Surrey.
CHARACE.£. 175
f. 18. Kiitz, Phyc. Gener. p. 318 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 256 ; Sp. Alg. p. 511 ; and
Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 13, t. 32, f. ii. WaUm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.
Stockh. 1854, p. 261.* A. Braun, Schweizer Char. p. 8 ; Conspectus Char.
Europ. p. 2 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 397 ; and Fragm. Monogr. Char.
p. 34. Wdhlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. 1862, p. 4 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char.
p. 16. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 468. Crepin, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II.
p. 129. Leonhardi, in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 168. Miiller, in Bull. Soc.
Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 51. Allen, Char. Amer. pp. 9-12, pi. 4 and 5. Sydow,
Europ. Char. p. 17. X. Brongniartiana, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 682 ; and Atlas, pi. 40, f. c ;
ed. ii. p. 896 ; and Atlas, pi. 46, f. d. X. furculata, Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 35. Chara flexilis, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. p. 1157 (partly). Canterer, Osterr. Char. p. 8.
Bischoff, Krypt. Gewiichse, p. 26, t. 1, f. 1-3 ; and Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst.
t. 57, f. 2802-2804, and 2809. Bruzel. Obs. Char. pp. 15 and 23. A. Braun in
Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 50. Schhilir, Bot. Handb. t. 280. Baling, in Ann. Nat.
Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 83. Beichenl. Iconog. Vol. VIII. p. 37, t. 795. C. Brongniartiana, Wedd. in Coss. Germ, and Wedd. Cat. rais. PI. Vase. Envir. Par.
p. 152. " C. furculata, Beich. in Mbssl. Handb. ed. iii. Vol. HE. p. 1664." C. commutata, Bttpr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Euss. Beich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 9 ; and
Symb. ad Hist. Plant. Eoss. p. 77.
Monoecious. Dull dark green or olive. Stern slender, translucent, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets usually 6 (more rarely 7 or 8) in a whorl, forked or more rarely trind, with acute but not mucronate 1 - celled points and rays. Primary whorls always lax ; those of the secondary whorls similar and more compact (when it is the form subcapitata of Braun and C. nidifica of collectors, according to Babington). Xucules solitary, rarely in pairs, produced at the angle between the rays of the branchlets, without bracts, accompanied by a globule, which is placed above them, subglobular-ovoid, 7- or 8-striate (" 8- or 9-striate," Groves), with a minute deciduous crown. In ponds and pools and ditches, rare.
Amberley, Sussex; Kent; Wimbledon Common, Surrey; Essex; Herts ; Cambridge ; Warwick ; York ; Northumberland ; Suffolk ; Lancashire ; Kirkcudbright ; Perth ; Lough Allen, Leitrim.
* [The title-page of this volume runs thus : — " Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens nya Handlingar for ar, 1852. Stockholm, 1854." Bat Wallman's paper on Characeae was presented to the Society in April 1853, and a separately paged extract of it was published in 1853, therefore, although it has been thought advisable to quote the volume as for 1854 (the volumes of this Journal not being numbered), the real date of publication of Wallman's monograph is 1853. A French translation by Dr. Nylander was published in 1854.]
176 ENGLISH BOTANY.
I have seen neither Scotch nor Irish specimens, but Professor Babington and Messrs. Groves have it from both these countries.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
Stems slender, flexible, 6 to 18 inches long or more; "often annularly encrusted" (Groves). Branchlets J inch to 2 inches long ; nucules minute, yellowish, ultimately black.
[The variety crassa (Braun, Rabenh. and Stiz. Exsicc. No. 101), distinguished from the type by its greater stoutness and shorter terminal segments ; and variety nidifica (Wallm. in Kongl. Yet. Akad. Handl. Stockh., 1854, p. 262), which has the sterile branchlets often simple, and the fertile branchlets very short and collected into com- pact heads ; — are stated by Messrs. H. and J. Groves (Journ. of Bot., 1883, p. 22), both to have been found in Perthshire; the former in Watson Loch, Doune, and Marlee Loch ; the latter in Marlee Loch.]
There can be little doubt that the name " flexilis " was intended by Linnaeus to include under it other forms besides the present, and it would have been much better to have adopted some later but more specially applied name ; but " flexilis " is now in general use, so that little confusion is likely to occur.
Flaccid Nitella.
SPECIES II. (?) NITELLA SYNCARPA. CkevaUier.
Plate 1900.
Dioecious. Bright green or olive. Stem slender, translucent, with- out cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets usually 6 (more rarely 7 or 8) in a whorl; those of the primary whorls in the male plant elongated and forked or trifid, in the female simple, forked or trifid, with acute but not mucronate 1-celled rays. Primary whorls always lax ; those of the secondary whorls usually more compact, and in the female plant always so, often so short as to appear capitate. Nucules 2 or 3, rarely 4, at the middle of the simple branchlets, or in the angle between the rays when they are forked, without bracts, subglobular-ovoid, 5- or 6- (rarely 7-) striate, with a minute deciduous crown. Globules at the angle between the rays of the branchlets.
Var. a. genuina.
Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 76. Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. la, lb, and 2.
CHARACE.E. 177
Nitella syncarpa, Chevallier, Flor. Gen. ed. ii. Vol. II. p. 125. Nordst. in Anderss.
Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 35. Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 256; Sp. Alg. p. 514; and Tab.
Phyc. Vol. VII. t. 31, f. ii. Waliht. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 9 ; and Monog. Sver.
Norg. Char. p. 14. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ.
p. 1 ; Schweiz. Char. p. 6 ; in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 396 ; and
Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 30, t. v. f. 101-103. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed.
ii. p. 894 ; and Atlas, pi. 45, f. A. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 167.
Leonliardi in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 167. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve,
1881, p. 48. Si/dow, Europ. Char. p. 10. Nitella syncarpa, var. leiopyrena, A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 7. N. syncarpa, var. capitata, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 682 ; and Atlas,
pi. 39, f. 1-6. Chara syncarpa, A. Braun in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 51. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 9.
BeicJienb. Iconog. Vol. VIII. t. 797 ? and 798.
Green. Branchlets of the female plant simple, those of the axil- lary branches less large, and often collected into small glomerules. Nucules covered with mucilage, placed about the middle of the simple branchlets, with 6 to 8 strise, and with the spiral ridges on the central cell scarcely prominent. Globules covered with mucus, solitary in the forks of the rays, generally on the axillary branches, crowded into compact glomerules, from the branchlets being extremely short.
Var. ft. capitata. Kiitzing.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 26, 27, 28, and 104.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 3 and 4.
Nitella capitata, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863,
p. 34. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 319. Waldst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 8 ; and Monog.
Sver. Norg. Char. p. 15. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 265.
Babing. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 1 ; in Cohn, Krypt.
Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 396 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 31. H. & J. Groves in
Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 167. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 130.
Leonliardi in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 166. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve,
1881, p. 49. Sijdow, Europ. Char. p. 12. N. syncarpa, vars. fi capitata and y gloeocephala, Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 256. N. syncarpa, vars. capitata and oxygyna (a misprint for oxygyra ! ), A. Braun, Schweiz.
Char. p. 7. Chara capitata, " Nees ab Esenb. in Denkschr. d. Bot. Gesellsch. Vol. II. (1818),
p. 80, t. 6," teste Braun. Bruzel, Obs. Char. p. 24. C. syncarpa var. Beichenb. Iconog. Vol. VIII. t. 799, f. 1076, 1077. C. syncarpa, var. capitata, Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 9. C. elastica, Amici, Descriz. Chara, p. 9, t. 1, f. 2-3, and t. 2.
Green or light olive. Branchlets of the female plant forked or trifid, those of the axillary branches usually collected into small
VOL. XII. 2 A
178 ENGLISH BOTANY.
glomerules. Nucules covered with mucilage, placed in the angles between the branchlets and the rays, with 6 or 7 striae, and with the spiral ridges on the central cell very prominent and acute. Globules covered with mucilage, solitary in the forks of the rays, mostly on axillary branchlets and crowded into small compact glomerules or heads, from the branchlets being extremely short.
Yar. y. opaca. Kiitzing.
Plate 1900.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 29, 51, 52, 53, 77, 105, 106.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7.
Nitella syncarpa, var. opaca, Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 256.
N. syncarpa, vars. opaca, glomerata, and pachygyra, A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 7.
N. opaca, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 124. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 1 ; in Colin,
Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 397 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 32. Noi-dst. in
Anderss. Bot. Notissr, 1863, p. 34. Waldst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 6 ; and
Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 15. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh.
1854, p. 264. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. ii. p. 895 ; and Atlas pi. 45, f. b.
Crejpin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 129. Leonliardi in Brunn, Verhandl.
Vol. II. p. 165. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 166, t. 210, f. 19.
Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 50.
Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 14. N. atrovirens, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 263. N. pedunculata, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxvii. Chara opaca, Agardh in Brnzel. Obs. Char. pp. 16 and 23. C. flexilis, Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 1070. C. syncarpa, Thuill. Fl. Envir. Par. p. 473. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 9. Baling, in
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 83. C. syncarpa, vars. opaca and pseudoflexilis, A. Braun in Flora, 1835, i. p. 52. C. syncarpa, var. Smithii, Coss. Germ. & Wedd. Cat. rais. PI. Vase. Envir. Par. p. 151.
Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 682 ; and Atlas, pi. 39, f. 7-12.
Olive. Branchlets of the female plant simple, forked or trifid ; the primary are mostly barren, those of the axillary branches collected into rather large, lax glomerules. Nucules not coated with mucilage, placed in the angles between the branchlets and the rays, with 5 or 6 striae, and with the spiral ridges on the central cell rather prominent and blunt. Globules not covered with mucilage, in the forks of the rays, mostly on axillary branches, concealed in rather large lax glomerules, from the branchlets being only moderately short.
In lakes, ponds, pools, and ditches.
Var. a. — Not known to occur in Britain, but very likely to be detected, as it occurs in the .north of France.
CHAEACE.E. 179
Var. j3. — Professor A. Braun referred to this var. specimens in the Kew Herbarium, from Kent ; Llyn Idwal, Carnarvon ; and Killarney, Kerry.
Yar. y. — Common and generally distributed in England and Scotland, in which it is known to occur northwards to Caithness and Orkney. From south to north of Ireland.
England, Ireland, and Scotland. Annual or perennial. Spring and "Summer."
The var. opaca, which is considered a distinct species by Braun and others, is a variable plant 6 inches to 2 feet long, the branchlets ^ to 2 inches long ; both in the male and female plant, but especially in the latter, the fertile branches are usually so short that the globules and nucules seem to be produced in heads, though occasionally two or three nucules may be found at the forks of elongate branches. The colour of the plant is usually dull olive, sometimes dark olive, and it not unfrequently has the stem coated with carbonate of lime, generally in rings, but sometimes continuously. It is so like N. flexilis that in a barren state it is extremely difficult, sometimes impossible, to dis- criminate between them, as the fact of the latter being monoecious is not then observable. I have little doubt that the two ought to be considered as at best but subspecies.
The typical N. syncarpa and N. capitata are both usually more slender and of a brighter green colour than N. opaca ; the heads are smaller, and the nucules and globules are described as surrounded by mucilage, a character which is not easily distinguishable in dried specimens [unless held obliquely to the light and viewed under a lens].
According to Cosson and Germain, N. syncarpa (genuina) germinates in spring and fruits in the end of summer or autumn ; N. capitata germinates in autumn and fruits in spring; while N. opaca fruits from May to July. In the pond at Balmuto it fruited in April and appeared to be perennial. In an aquarium globe it lived two years, but never fruited.
[Of Ch. syncarpa, Thuill., there exists in the Kew Herbarium an authentic specimen from Thuillier, obtained from Gay's Herbarium,, labelled " Chara syncarpa, Thuill. Fl. Par. 473. Lois. Fl. Gall. II. p. 623.— Thuillier 1812." Wallroth, who saw this specimen in 1828,. named it "Chara flexilis, L. ; " and A. Braun in Sept. 1834 has labelled it " Chara syncarpa, Thuill. (specimen ab auctore ! ) apices foli- orum a forma communi paulo recedunt (Ch. syncarpa pseudoflexilis)." An examination of this specimen shows that it is somewhat inter- mediate in character between the plants now called N. syncarpa and N. opaca, having more the appearance and dark colour of some states of N. opaca-; the specimen is female, and the branchlets are simple,
180 ENGLISH BOTANY.
no traces of mucilage, so characteristic of N. syncarpa, are visible on the globules and nucules, and the spiral ridges on the nucleus of the nucules are less prominent and acute than in N. opaca, and more so than in N. syncarpa, though no doubt this is a variable character, and one which Messrs. Groves seem to have misunderstood, as they describe the nucules (under N. capitata) as having " sharp prominent cells," but the spiral cells of the nucules are not more prominent in N. capitata than in N. syncarpa, and are not sharp, but rounded as in other Characea3 ; the terms oxygyra, pachygyirt, &c. used by A. Braun, refer to the ridges on the nucleus between the spiral cells, which correspond to the strias on the surface of the nucule, and are not cells, but merely thickened portions of cell-walls. Of the specimens at Kew referred by Braun to N. capitata, the Llyn Idwel plant (C. gracilis, Wilson in Hook. Bot. Miscell. vol. i. p. 336 ; not of Sm.) has traces of mucilage, and seems rather to belong to N. syncarpa, as the nucleus of the nucule is broader, and the ridges on it are not nearly so prominent and sharp as in typical N. capitata ; the Kent specimen has no mucilage, and is simply the ordinary N. opaca, which is doubtless but a sexual state of N. flexilis, for taking the whole of the forms of N. flexilis and N. opaca there is nothing to distinguish the two but sex, which is not a specific character, and N. flexilis may be regarded as a polygamous species, with male, female, and hermaphrodite plants. The Killarney specimens in size and general appearance resemble the Llyn Idwel plant, but there are no traces of mucilage on them, and except in being smaller are not distinguishable from some specimens collected at Lyndhurst, and distributed by Messrs. Groves as N. opaca (Xo. 86). N. opaca var. attenuata described by Messrs. Grroves in Jour. Bot. 1881, p. 356, is a striking form found at Hythe, S. Hants, with long and very slender branchlets, but still is evidently only a slender state of their Lyndhurst plant, and except that there is no mucilage on the globules and nucules, it is identical with N. syncarpa of Nordstedt and Wahlsted's Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 2 (a form well figured in Reichen- bach's Iconographia, vol. viii. pi. 798), which fact would seem to imply that the presence or absence of mucilage is of doubtful value as a specific character. — N. E. B.]
Twin-fruited Nitella. SPECIES in.— N ITELLA TRANSLUCENS. Agardh.
Plate 1901.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 19. Nordst. & WahUt. Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 81.
Nitella translucens, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 124. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2 ; ami Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 19. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 682 ;
characEjE. 181
and Atlas pi. 40, f. b ; ed. ii. p. 895 ; and Atlas pi. 46, f. c. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener.
p. 318 ; Sp. Alg. p. 513 ; Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 10, t. 26, f. i. Wallm. in Kongl.
Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 259. Wahht. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 2 ; and
Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 17. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 36.
Crepin, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 128. Leonhardi in Brunn, Verhandl.
Vol. II. p. 173. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 165, t. 210, f. 17.
Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 19. Chara translucens, Persoon, Syn. Vol. II. p. 531. Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 1855. Loisel.
Deshng. Notice, p. 135. Bruzel. Obs. Char. p. 22. A. Braun in Flora, 1835,
Vol. I. p. 50. Bating, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 84. Chara flexilis, Thuill. Fl. Envir. Par. p. 472 ; not of Linn.
Monoecious. Bright shining green. Stem rather stout, pellucid, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 4 to 8 in a whorl ; those of the primary whorls barren, elongated, rather stout, obtuse, simple, or with 1 or more terminal rays, so short that they are reduced to little more than points, some of them elongated and bearing secondary fertile whorls, with extremely short trifid branches, giving the appearance of forming small heads or interrupted spikes. Nucules 2 to 3, immediately below the 3 rays of the fertile branchlets, subglobular-ovoid, 5- to 7-striate, with a minute deciduous crown. Globules solitary, terminating the fertile branch, and surrounded by its 3 short rays immediately above the nucules.
In stagnant water, but usually where there is considerable depth, rarely in streams. Rather rare, but occurring in many places in the south of England ; rare in Scotland, where it occurs in Lochnaw, Wigtonshire ; neighbourhood of Edinburgh ; Kinghorn, Fife ; Loch Leven, Kinross ; Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire ; Loch of Drum, Aberdeen- shire. In Ireland it is reported from Kerry, Gralway, Antrim, and Deny.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.
N. translucens is perhaps the finest of the British Characese from the bright green colour and large size, being 1 to 4 feet long or more, with much stouter stems than any of the other Nitellae. It is well dis- tinguished by the rays of the barren branchlets being so reduced as to form mere papillae at the end of those branches where they occur. The fertile whorls are so reduced that they look something like the spikes of Potamogeton pusillus.
Translucent Nitella.
182 ENGLISH BOTANY.
SPECIES IV.— N ITELLA MUCRONATA. Cosson & Germain.
Plate 1902.
Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 17-20, 30.
Nordst. & WaJdst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 82.
Nitella mucronata, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 683, and Atlas pi. 40, f. D ;
ed. ii. p. 896 ; and Atlas pi. 46, f. e, 1-3. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2 ;
Schweiz. Char. p. 9 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 398; and Fragm.
Monog. Char. p. 50, t. i. f. 39-42. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863. p. 36.
Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 253. Kiitz. Phyc. Germ.
p. 256 ; Sp. Alg. p. 514; Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 13, t. 33, f. i. WahJst. Monog.
Sver. Norg. Char. p. 17. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 128. Leon-
hardi in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 172. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1S80,
p. 165, t. 210, f. 16. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Mutter in Bull. Soc. Bot.
Geneve, 1881, p. 52. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 22. N. exilis, A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 9. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 515 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII.
p. 13, t. 33, f. ii. (excluding syn. C. exilis, Amid). N. flabellata, Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 318 ; and Phyc. Germ. p. 256. Wallm. in Kongl.
Vet. Handl. Stockh. p. 249. A. Braun in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 398. N. Norvegica and N. longifurca, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akacl. Handl. Stockh. 1854,
p. 252. Chara mucronata, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 351 ; and in
Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 52. Bating, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 84.
Gantercr, Osterr. Char. p. 9. C. furcata, Amici, Descriz. Char. p. 14, t. v. f. 2, and t. 3, f. 2 (not of Boxb.). C. Barbierii, Beds. Crivelli in Bibl. ltal. vol. 97, p. 190.
C. flexilis, Beiclienb. Iconog. Vol. VIII. p. 38, t. 795, (not of other Authors). C. flexilis, var. stellata, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 178, t. vi. f. 1, 2. C. longifurca, Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Buss. Beich. 1845, dritte liefr. p. 10. C. brevicaulis, Bcrtol. Fl. Ital. X. p. 19.
Monoecious. Green or olive. Stem rather slender, translucent, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 4 to 8 in a whorl, slender, most of them 2 or 4 times bi- or tri- or quadrifurcate ; the ultimate divisions shorter than the lower, often of 2 cells and sharply mucronate ; those of the primary whorls rather lax and with elongated segments ; those of the secondary whorls similar or short, sometimes so much so as to give the ap- pearance of forming heads. Nucules solitary, immediately below the upper forks of the rays of the branchlets, subglobular-ovoid, 5- or G-striate, with a minute deciduous crown. Globules solitary between the forks of the branchlets, immediately above the nucules.
In still water, very rare ; marsh ditch at West Grinstead, Sussex, (Mr. Borrer) ; water-hole by the River Ouse, near Bedford (A. H. Davies, and J. Saunders).
England. Annual. Summer, Autumn.
ClIARACE^. 183
Stems 6 inches to 1 foot long ; primary branches J to 2 inches long. N. mucronata has sometimes much the habit of N. flexilis, but may be distinguished by its more divided branches, of which the ultimate rays are often 2-celled and tipped with a small conical cell or mucro.
I have not seen Mr. Borrer's specimens of this plant, but Messrs. Groves state that it is near the var. heteromorpha, Braun [figured in Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2811], and this is shown by the figure they give of it, which was drawn from Mr. Borrer's specimen. Yar. neteromorpha is the name given to the form in which the secondary whorls are contracted, and not lax like the primary ones.
Mucronate Nitella.
SPECIES V.— N ITELLA GRACILIS. Agardh,
Plate 1903.
Braun, Balenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 24, 25, 57, 58, 59.
Nordst. & TValrfst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 15, 16, 17.
Nitella gracilis, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2 ; Schweiz.
Char. p. 10 ; in CWm, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 399 ; and Eragm. Monog. Char.
p. 58. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 683 ; and Atlas pi. 41, f. e ; ed. ii.
p. 897 ; and Atlas pi. 47, f. f. Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 256 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 319 ;
Sp. Alg. p. 515 ; and Tah. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 14, t. 34, f. i. Nordst. in Aaderss.
Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 38. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 128.
Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 247. Leonliardi in Brnnn
Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 170. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 1 ; and Monog. Sver.
Norg. Char. p. 19. E. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 164, t. 210, f. 15.
Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 52. Sydow,
Europ. Char. p. 25. Chara gracilis, Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 2140. Bruzel. Ohs. Char. pp. 17 and 24. Bischoff*
Hand. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2810. Beichenb. Iconog. Vol. VEIL p. 36,
t. 793. A. Braun in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 53. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 10,
t. i. f. ii. Baling, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 84. C. exilis, Barlieri in Amici, Descriz. Char. p. 20, t. iii. f. vi.
Monoecious. Bright green. Stem slender, pellucid, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 4 to 7 in a whorl, capillary, most of them 2 to 3 times bi- or tri- or quadrifurcate, the ultimate divisions shorter than the lower, often of 2 cells, sharply mucronate, those of the primary whorls rather lax and with elongated segments, those of the secondary whorls similar and also lax. Nucules solitary immediately below all the forks of the rays of the branchlets, subglobose, 6- to 7-striate, with a very minute deciduous crown. Globules solitary between the forks of the branchlets, immediately above the nucules.
184 EXGLTSO BOTANY.
In boggy pools and ditches, very rare.
In St. Leonard's Forest, Sussex, found by Mr. Borrer, from which station it was described by Smith. Messrs. Groves state that " it has since been collected by Mr. D. Or, at Glen Cullen, near Ballybetagh, co. Dublin," by Mr. Nicholson, at Kingston, Surrey ; and by Mr. Beck with, in Shropshire.
England, Ireland. Annual. Autumn.
A very delicate plant, usually 3 to 6 inches long ; but the form elongata of Braun, Rabenh. and Stiz. Char. No. 58 is more than a foot. Rays of the primary whorls i to J inch long, much divided, with the segments as delicate as the filaments of a Conferva ; secondary whorls similar, but shorter. Sometimes, however, the plant has thicker stems and branchlets, and the secondary whorls much denser, as in the form bugellensis, Braun, Rabenh. and Stiz. Char. No. 25, which seems to me to'come very near Nitella mucronata, var. 8. 17 of the same set, and to be dissimilar to the typical and elongated states represented t>y Nos. 24, 57 and 58. I have seen neither English nor Irish specimens ; the Irish is described by Messrs. Groves as a " smaller, stouter form, and the ultimate rays are shorter, and it is annularly incrusted." Messrs. Groves describe the nucules "as 6- or 7-striate," but those I have examined have been mostly 7-striate. Coss. and Germ, say they are with 4 or 5 strise, and that the fructification takes place in April and May and in autumn.
Slender Nitella.
SPECIES VI.— N ITELLA TENUISSIMA. Kutzing.
Plate 1904.
Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 60, 103.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 41.
Nitella tenuissima, Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 319 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 256 ; Sp. Alg. p. 515 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 14, t. 34, f. ii. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 683 ; and Atlas pi. 41, f. f ; ed. ii. p. 898 ; and Atlas pi. 47, f. g. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2; Schweiz. Char. p. 10; in Colin, Krypt. El. Schles. Vol. I. p. 399 : and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 62. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 246. Leonliardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 169. Walilst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 19. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 163, t. 209, f. 14. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Midler in Bull. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 53. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 28. Allen, Char. Amer. p. 13, pi. vi.
N. hyalina, Agardh, Syst. Alg. 126 (teste Bab.). Non DC.
Chara tenuissima, Desv. in Journ. de Botanique, 1809, Vol. II. p. 313. Loisel. Deslong. Notice, p. 136. Bisclwff, Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2812. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 10, t. 1, f. i. Beichenb. Iconog. Vol. VIII. p. 36, t. 791, 792. A. Braun in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 53. Baking, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 85.
CHARACE.E, 185
Monoecious. Dark green. Stems capillary, pellucid, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branclilets 5 to 8 in a whorl, most of them 3 to 7 times bi- or tri-furcate, the ultimate divisions longer than the lower, 2-celled and longly mucronate, those of all the whorls very compact with short segments, so that the whorls resemble widely separated heads which are mucilaginous and generally encrusted. Nucules solitary immediately below all the forks of the rays of the branches, ovoid, 7- to 9-striate with a very minute deciduous crown. Globules solitary between the forks of the branchlets immediately above the nucules.
In fen ditches and pits, very rare. In Roydon Fen, Norfolk ; Bottisham, Wicken, and Burwell Fens, Cambridgeshire ; Anglesea, (J. E. Griffith) ; first found by Professor Henslow in 1829.
England, Wales. Annual. Summer, Autumn.
A very elegant species, usually 2 to 3 inches high, primary branches -j^ to -^ inch long, whorls usually \ to ^ inch apart, but sometimes less.
I have a fine series of specimens of this, collected in Burwell Fen by Dr. J. A. Power, and one from Bottisham Fen collected by Mr. C. A. Stevens in May, 1838.
N. tenuissima comes near to N. gracilis, but is much smaller, and very different in appearance from the extreme shortness of the branches, though it is difficult to find any marked distinction between them. The terminal or mucro cell of the ultimate rays of the branch- let is longer in proportion and more gradually tapering than in N. gracilis.
Dwarf Nitella.
Section II.— TOLYPELLA. A. Braun.
Globules on the inner side of and at the first node of branchlets, accompanied by 2 to 4 bracts, similar to the branchlet but shorter and generally unequal. Nucules surrounding the globule.
SPECIES VII.— N ITELLA GLOMERATA. CkevaUier.
Plates 1905 and 1906.
Monoecious (or rarely dioecious ?). Pale or dark olive. Stem rather stout, transparent or much more commonly opaque from being thickly encrusted with carbonate of lime, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 6 to 12 in a whorl, those of the primary
VOL. xii. 2 b
18G ENGLISH BOTANY.
whorls sterile, of 3 to 5 cells, obtuse, unbranched ; fertile whorls ter- minating the stems, and primary and secondary branches, forming rather large, oblong-ovoid or oval-ovoid heads consisting of the nume- rous branchlets and incurved bracts ; branchlets 3- to 5-celled, obtuse, bearing at the first node 3 or 4 lateral bracts, each bract of 3 or 4 cells, obtuse, similar to the terminal portion of the branchlet, but shorter and incurved over the nucules and globule. Nucules 2 to 5 together, at the nodes of the fertile branchlets, between the bracts, oval-ovoid, 8- to 9-striate, with a minute deciduous crown. Grlobules solitary, lateral on the inner side of the fertile branches between the bracts, surrounded by the nucules.
Var. a. genuina. Plate 1905.
Braun, Ralenh. & Stiz. Char. Enrop. Exsicc. No. 17 partly. Nordst. & Wahht. Char.
Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 43, 44, 45. Nitella glomerata, Chevallier, Fl. Gen. ed. 2, Vol. II. p. 124. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir.
Par. ed. i. p. 681 ; and Atlas pi. 41, f. h, excluding description under explanation
of plate ; ed. 2, p. 893. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 517. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.
Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 270. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3. Crepin in
Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 130. Fl. Danica, t. 2800. Baling. Man. ed. 8,
p. 470. N. glomerulifera, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 270. Kiitz.
Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 32, t. 81, f. ii. Not of A. Braun. N. flexilis, var. glomerulifera, Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 514. Tolypella glomerata. Leonh. in " Lotos, 1863, p. 129 ; " and in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II.
p. 176. Waldst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 22. H. & J. Groves in Journ. of
Bot. 1880, p. 162, t. 209, f. 11. A. Braun, Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 95. Sydoio,
Europ. Char. p. 35. Chara glomerata, Desv. in Loisel. Deslong. Notice, p. 135. A. Braun in Flora, 1835,
Vol. I. p. 55. BaJcer in Beport of London Bot. Exchange Club for 1867, p. 16 ;
and in Journ. Bot. 1868, p. 73. C. glomerulifera, Rupr. in Beitr. zur Pfianz. des Buss. Eeich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 9. C. prolifera, Baling, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. Vol. V. 1850, p. 87. Not of A. Braun.
Monoecious.
Var. /3. Smithii.
Plate 1906.
Nitella Smithii, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 271.
Chara Smithii, Baling, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. Vol. V. 1850, p. 86.
C. nidifica, Sm. Engl. Bot. ed. i. No. 1703, principal figure. Not of Roth.
Dioecious ? Only the male plant known.
In pools and ditches, particularly in brackish water, rare.
char ace.*:. 187
Yar. a recorded from Devonshire, Hay ling Island, Hants ; Kent, Middlesex, Essex, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Lancashire, Huntingdon- shire, Yorkshire, Anglesea, Forfarshire, and near Dublin. Originally found near Cley, Norfolk, by Mr. Dawson Turner, and Mr. Borrer, in 1806. Yar. j3 at Lancing, Sussex, in 1804-5, by Mr. Borrer, who says [Suppl. to Engl. Bot. 1834, Yol. II., under No. 2762] it was found in a ditch " which I believe the tide never reaches."
England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Annual, perennial. Spring, early Summer.
Stems much branched, very brittle, light or dark olive, and trans- parent when not coated with carbonate of lime, as is generally the case, 3 inches to 1 foot long ; barren branchlets § to 2 inches long. Fertile heads about J inch long by ^ inch across. [The nucules sometimes have the spiral investing cells prolonged above the nucleus or nut, into a short neck, as shewn in one of the nucules on our plate (1905), which was taken from the more robust specimen thereon represented, all the nucules of that plant being similar.]
Messrs. H. and J. Groves and MM. Cosson and Germain both cite No. L7 Braun, Babenh. and Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. But in my set No. 17 is Nitella mucronata var. tenuior, and there is no N. glome- rata in the set at all. [This seems to be the case in some other sets.]
With regard to the plant called C. Smithii by Babington, the question of its identity with the ordinary form of N. glomerata must remain uncertain ; all the other known species of the section Tolvpella are monoecious, so it would be a curious circumstance if N. Smithii were really dioecious ; yet Mr. Borrer was far too acute an observer, and far too correct, to be likely to make a mistake on the point. [I have very carefully examined Mr. Borrer's Lancing speci- men, and only find globules upon it, not a trace of a nucule : this is therefore, I have no doubt, another case of a polygamous species, as in that of N. flexilis ; see note under N. syncarpa var. opaca. — X. E. B.]
Clustered Xitella.
SPECIES YJII.-N ITELLA INTRICATA. Agardh.
Plate 1907 asd 1908.
Monoecious. Very pale olive. Stem rather stout, transparent or more commonly opaque from being thickly encrusted with carbonate of lime, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 6 to 20 in a whorl ; those of the primary whorls sterile, of 3 to 5 cells, acute, usually with a few simple or once-branched, 3- or 4-jointed branchlets
188 ENGLISH BOTANY.
similar to the bracts of the fertile whorls, more rarely unbranched. Fertile whorls terminating the stems and primary and secondary branches, forming large subglobose heads, consisting of very numerous branchlets, and incurved bracts. Branchlets 3- to 5-celled, acute, bearing at the first node 4 or 6 lateral bracts, each bract of 3 or 4 cells attenuated and acute, similar to the terminal portion of the branches, but shorter, and incurved over the nucules and globule. Nucules 2 to 8 together at the nodes of the fertile branchlets between the bracts, [and at the base of the branchlets,] subglobose-ovoid, 8- or 9-striate, with a minute deciduous crown. Globules solitary, lateral on the inner side of the fertile branches, between the bracts, surrounded by the nucules, [and lateral at the base of the branchlets.]
Yar. a. genuina. Plate 1907.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 18, 33, 108.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 46, 47, 48.
Nitella intricata, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125 (excluding synonym C. flexilis, var. stellata,
Walk-, and the plant quoted from the Baltic Sea). Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par.
ed. ii. p. 893 ; and Atlas pi. 47, f. i. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 39.
Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3. Orepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 130.
Fl. Danica, t. 2744. Muller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve. 1881, p. 56. Baling.
Man. ed. 8, p. 470. N. fasciculata, A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 11. Kiltz. Sp. Alg. p. 517; and Tab. Phyc.
Vol. VII. p. 14, t. 36. N. polysperma, Ki'dz. Phyc. Gener. p. 318 ; and Phyc. Germ. p. 255. Walhn. in Kongl.
Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 269. N. glomerata, Coss. & Germ. Atlas Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i., as to description under
explanation of plate 41, not as to figure. Tolypella intricata, Leonhardi " in Lotos, 1863, p. 32 ; " and in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II.
p. 175. Braun in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 400 ; and Fragm. Monog.
Char. p. 99. Waldst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 22. H. & J. Groves in Journ.
Bot. 1880, p. 163, t. 209, f. 13. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 38. Chara intricata, Both, Catalecta Bot. Fasc. II. p. 125. Baker in Eeport of London
Bot. Exchange Club for 1867, p. 15 ; and in Journ. Bot. 1868, p. 73. C. fasciculata, Amici, Descriz. Char. p. 16, t. iv. f. iv. and t. v. f. iii. C, polysperma, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 352 ; and in
Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 56. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 12, t. i. f. iii. Baling, in
Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. Vol. V. 1850, p. 88.
Branchlets of the sterile whorls 6 to 14, once or twice branched with the divisions simple or again branched.
CHARACli^E. 189
Yar. ft. prolifera. Plate 1908.
Nitella prolifera, Kiilz. Pliyc. Germ. p. 255. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.
Stockh. 1854, p. 269. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3. Crepin in Bull.
Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 130. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 55.
Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 470. N. fasciculata, var. robustior (printed " robuster " by a typog. error). A. Braun,
Scbweiz. Char. p. 12. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 517. N. Borreri, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 271. Tolypella prolifera, Leonhardi " in Lotos, 18G3, p. 57 ;" and in Brunn, Verhandl.
Vol. II. p. 176. Braun in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 401 ; and Fragm.
Monog. Char. p. 97. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 162, t. 209, f. 12.
Sydoio, Europ. Char. p. 37. Chara prolifera (Ziz. herb.), A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 352 ;
and in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 56. C. Borreri, Babing. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. Vol. V. 1850, p. 87 ; and Man. Brit. Bot.
ed. iii. p. 421. C. nidifica, Borrer in Suppl. to Engl. Bot, 1834, Vol. II under No. 2762. C. intricata, /3. robustior, Baker in Report of London Bot. Exchange Club for 1867 ;
and in Journ. Bot. 1868, p. 73.
Branches of the sterile whorls 6 to 20, very unequal, simple, more pointed than in var. a ; the whole plant larger.
In ponds, canals, and ditches. — Yar. a rare, and not persistent in its localities. In a ditch at Hempstead Wood, Essex, 1861 (Mr. G. Gibson) ; near Haslingfield (Prof. Babington, 1832), and Harston (A. Bennett), Cambridgeshire ; " Livermere, near Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk, C. R. Leathes " (Mr. Borrer) ; Brammingham, Bedfordshire (J. Saunders); Sedgefield, Durham (Rev. A. M. Norman); Dutton, North Yorkshire (Mr. T. Comber); Goole, S.W. Yorkshire (T. Birks) ; Durham and Dublin. — Yar. /3 extremely rare. Found by Mr. Borrer, in 1827, in a marsh ditch near Brookside, Henfield, and in 1840 near Rye Farm, Henfield Level, Sussex ; [and has since been found in Deeping Fen, Lincolnshire, by Mr. Beeby, who kindly sent living specimens, from which plate 1908 was drawn; and in Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire this year (1884), by Mr. Fryer. The plant collected by Mr. D. Moore in the grand canal, Glasnevin, Dublin, has been wrongly referred by Messrs. Groves to N. prolifera, it belongs to N. intricata, as the sterile branchlets are branched, and not simple as in the var. prolifera, which has not yet been found in Ireland.]
England, Ireland. Annual. Spring.
Yery similar to N. glomerata, but larger, especially in the " bird's- nest-like " masses formed by the fertile whorls ; these also are broader,
so as to be almost spherical ; usually about ^ inch in diameter, and have the bracts tapering and acute, as are also the brauchlets of the barren whorls. The most important difference, however, seems to be in the shape of the nucules, which are much more globose in N. intri- cata than in N. glomerata.
Of var. j:>rolifera I have seen no specimens, either British or foreign ; except by its larger size, and simple barren branchlets, it seems undistinguishable from N. intricata.
Many -fruited Nitella.
EXCLUDED SPECIES. NITELLA NIDIFICA. Agardh.
In the report of the Botanical Exchange Club for the year 1867, published in 'Journal of Botany' for 1868, at p. 73, Mr. Baker writes, " A plant gathered many years ago by Dr. Moore in Lough Neagb, and suspected by him at the time to be the true Chara, nidifica of the Fl. Danica, may not unlikely prove to be really so. It has been submitted to Dr. Braun for his opinion, and his reply is, " Habitus et folia omnino nidijica?, sed seminibus minoribus magis contortis acceclit ad C. fasciculatum (intricatum).'''' I do not know if Messrs. Groves have seen this plant, or if it has been found by any other botanist except the late Dr. Moore.
[Of the Lough Neagh plant mentioned above, there exists in the Kew Herbarium but one specimen, on which Prof. A. Braun has written as above quoted, and in his ' Fragmente Monographic Characeen,' p. 94, he writes of this specimen as follows (transla- tion):—" Habit of the Baltic N. nidifica, the leaves of the fertile whorls incurved in the same manner and obtuse. Nucule smaller, more contorted, 10-gyrate, unripe, 0,46-0,48 mm. long, without the crown 0,43-0,44 mm. long, nucleus yellowish-green 0,30-0,35 mm. long." He also says that it is " a form which would seem best united with N. intricata and prolifera, or rather with N. glomerata."
A very careful examination of this specimen with N. nidifica and N. glomerata, however, has not corroborated what Braun has stated. A comparison under the microscope, side by side with typical specimens of N. nidifica from the Baltic, named by Professors Braun and Nord- stedt, has failed to disclose the least difference between them. The nucules examined by Braun must have been quite immature ones, which are the most numerous on the specimen, but there are a few which appear to have attained their full growth, and these are neither smaller nor more contorted than those of N. nidifica, and appear to
CHARACEJ^. 191
be only 7-8-striate as in N. nidifica, not 10-striate as stated; their shape also is globose or subglobose as in N. nidifica, and lastly the habit, colour, size, branching, obtuseness and number of the cells of the branchlets is exactly as in N. nidifica. From N. intricate and its var. prolifera it is at once distinguished by the very obtuse apical cell of its branchlets, besides which N. intricata has the sterile ones branched. It is very much nearer to N. glomerata from which it chiefly differs in its nearly globose nucule, which is about as broad as long, whilst in N. glomerata the nucule is ellipsoidal, being distinctly longer than broad, and often half as long again as broad ; the branchlets and their rays, or bracts, are also rather more incurved and more obtuse than in N. glomerata, and more constricted at the nodes (this may be due to desiccation, although I do not think so, as all the specimens examined were moistened in water in the same manner). But for all this, it is questionable whether N. nidifica and N. glomerata are more than varieties of each other ; but until the plant is refound in the British Isles and becomes better known, it appears better to treat it separately, therefore the synonymy of N. nidifica is given for the Lough Neagh specimen, and a description is added, taken exclusively from this specimen.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 32.
Nordst & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 84, 85, 86a, 86b.
Nitella nidifica, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 318 ; Phyc. Germ.
p. 255 ; Sp. Alg. p. 517 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 14, t. 37, f. i. A. Braun,
Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3. N. Stenhammariana, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. p. 271. Tolypella nidifica, Leonhardi in Brunn, Verhandl. p. 176 (footnote), and p. 214.
Wahlst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 21. A. Braun, Fragru. Monog. Char. p. 93.
Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 34. Chara nidifica, Both, Catalecta, fasc. II. p. 126, note under C. intricata. Bruzel. Obs.
Char. pp. 17 and 23 (excluding syn. C. nidifica, Sm.). Baker in Report of London
Bot. Exchange Club for 1867, p. 16; and in Journ. Bot. 1868, p. 74. Buprecht
in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Russ. Reich. 1845, dritt. liefer, p. 8. C. flexilis, var. nidifica, Hartm. Scand. Fl. ed. 4, p. 358. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand.
p. 60. C. flexilis, var. marina, Wahlenb. Fl. Suec. p. 718 (partly). C. flexilis, var. prolifera, Wallroth, Comp. Fl. Germ. Vol. II. p. 105 (partly). C. Stenhammariana, Wallm. in Add. Liljeblad Svensk. Fl. ed. 3, p. 686. Conferva nidifica, Midler, Fl. Danica, t. 761.
Monoecious. Dark olive ? drying blackish. Stem moderately stout, unencrusted, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 6 to 8 in a whorl, those of the sterile whorls unbranched, of 3 to 5 cells, the terminal cell very obtuse (truncately-rounded) ; fertile whorls in dense heads, terminating the stem and branches, branchlets 3-5-celled, very obtuse, strongly incurved, bearing at the
192 ENGLISH BOTANY.
first node 3 or 4 simple lateral bracts, each bract of 3 to 5 cells, very obtuse, shorter than the terminal portion of the branchlet and like it strongly incurved. Nucules 3 to 4 together in the axils of the bracts, globose or subglobose, 7 to 8 -striate, with a very minute crown. Globules solitary, surrounded by the nucules.
Lough Neagh, found by Mr. D. Moore in July, 1837. On the Continent N. nidifica grows in salt or brackish water, but this can scarcely be the case with the Irish specimen.
Ireland. Summer.
Stems branched, not coated with carbonate of lime, flexible, 3 to 4 inches long ; sterile branchlets 1 to 2 inches long. Fertile heads about £ inch in diameter. — N. E. B.]
CHARACE.E. 193
GENUS II— C H A R A. Agardh.
Internodes of the stem subopaque (rarely pellucid), usually with a covering of slender parallel cortical cells [rarely naked], and gene- rally furnished with one or two whorls of stipule-cells below each whorl of branchlets. Nucule with a crown of five erect or spreading cells in one row, persistent.
Section L— LYCHNOTHAMNUS. Euprecht.
Internodes of the stem naked, without a covering of parallel cells, but with a whorl of long stipule-cells at the base of each whorl of branchlets. Globule by the side of the nucule, within the bracts. Nucule with a crown of 5 minute cells.
SPECIES I.— CHAR A ALOPECUROIDEA. " Delile," A. Braun*
Plate 1909.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 62, 63, 81.
Nordst. & Waldst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 20, 21, 21b, 22a, 22b.
Chara alopeciiroidea (Delile, Herb.) and vars. A. Braun, Scbweiz. Char. p. 13. Kiitz.
Sp. Alg. p. 518 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 18, t. 45, f. ii. C. alopecuroides, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 281 ; A. Braun,
Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3 ; and in Monatsbericht Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867,
pp. 798 and 896. Babing. in Journ. Bot. 1863, p. 193, t. 7 ; and Man. ed. 8,
p. 470. Lange, Fl. Danica, t. 2745. C. intricate, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125, (partly, — as to the plant from the Baltic Sea,
according to an authentic specimen from Agardh, in the Kew Herbarium !) C. papulosa, Wallr. Flor. Crypt. Germ. ii. p. 107. C. Pouzolsii, (Gay, Herb.) A. Braun in Flora 1835, Vol. I. p. 58. C. Wallrothii, Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Euss. Eeich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 12.
Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 41. Lychnothamnus Wallrothii, Waldst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 23. Lychnothamnus alopecuroides, H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 161, t. 209, f. 10. Lamprothamnus alopecuroides, A. Braun, Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 100, t. vi. f. 185-188.
Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 41.
[* The name C. alopecuroidea is so generally used for this plant, that there is perhaps littlo use in changing it now ; but its oldest published name, and that which according to the laws of botanical nomenclature should be adopted for it under Chara, is G. papulosa, Wallr. published in 1833 ; the next oldest is C. Pouzolsii (Gay Herb.), pub- lished by Braun in 1835, and why he should have changed it in 1847 to C. alopecu- roidea, does not appear, for according to the type specimens, Gay's MSS. name was given in 1822, and Delile's in 1827, so that even on the ground of manuscript priority (which cannot be admitted) there was no reason for the change. — N. E. B.]
VOL. XII. . 2 c
194 ENGLISH BOTANY.
Monoecious. Dark green or olive. Stem slender, translucent, without cortical cells or spine-cells, but with very long retrorse spine- like stipule-cells, in one whorl, lower portion often with small one-celled bulbils. Branchlets 6 to 9 in a whorl, 3- to 5-jointed, the 2 or 3 lower joints nearly equal, and as thick as the stem, the terminal one much smaller and spine-like. Bracts 6 to 8 in a whorl, at all the nodes of the branchlets except the last one, spreading, spine-like, mostly all larger than the nucules. Xucules solitary at the lower nodes of the branches in the axils of the bracts, oval-ovoid, 10- to 12-striate, with a minute persistent subentire crown. Globules solitary on the inner side of the fertile branches, between the bracts alongside of the nucule.
In brackish water, very rare. Abundant in the shallow water of the brine pans on the west mouth of New Town, Isle of Wight, first found by Mr. A. G. More in August, 1862, and again in 1863, in the pits or reservoirs on the east side of the creek close to the village of New Town, growing in salt water 18 inches to 2 feet deep, [also found there in July 1881 by Mr. Charles Bailey]. Journ. Bot. 1863, p. 193 ; 1871, p. 207 ; [and 1881, p. 356].
England. Perennial. Summer.
A small plant, 3 to 6 inches long, the stems scarcely so thick as a darning-needle, with branchlets \ to f inch long, the lowest ones generally unicellular, and without stipule-cells, which are present at the base of all the fertile whorls, and are sometimes nearly as long as the first joint of the branchlet. This first joint is generally about as long as the succeeding one, but sometimes only half as long.
The spine-like bracts and stipule-cells give this plant a very bristly appearance, which, together with the uncorricated cells readily dis- tinguish it from all the British Charae. Messrs. Groves sav that the Isle of Wight specimens appear to be nearer the var. Montagnei of Braun, which I have not seen, but they appear to me not to differ from the Baltic variety Wallrothii in Xordstedt et Wahlstedt, ' Characeee Scan- dinavian Exsiccata?,' Xo. 21 B. The number 21 of the same set, and Xo. 81 of Braun, Rabenhorst and Stizenberger's published set, has more slender branches and longer stipule-cells and bracts than in any of the Isle of "Wight specimens I have seen. [Between Delile's type of C. abpecaroidea, and the so-called varieties Montagnei (Montague's specimens !), and Wallrothii, as named by Braun in the Kew Herba- rium, and the Isle of Wight plant, I fail to find any distinction, beyond degree of incrustation ; and Gay's type of C. PouzoUii only differs in its longer and more slender bract-cells and stipulodes. — X. E. B.]
Foxtail Chara.
CHARACE.E. 195
Section II.-TOLYPELLOPSIS. Leonhardi (CHARGE ASTEPHAN.E. A. Brawn.)
Internodes of the stem pellucid, naked, without a covering of parallel cortical cells, and with the stipule-cells at the base of each whorl of branchlets rudimentary or absent. [Dioecious. Globules at the nodes of the branchlets, between the bracts, solitary or in pairs.] Nucules [at the nodes of the branchlets, solitary (always ?),] with a persistent crown of 5 very minute cells.
SPECIES II.-C HARA STELLIGERA. Bauer*
Plate 1910.
Br ami, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 1, 34.
Nordst, & Waliht. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 49a, 49b.
Chara obtusa, Dcsv. in Loisel. Deslongch. Notice sur les plantes a ajouter a la Flore de
France, p. 136. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 1, t. 216. C. stelligera, "Bauer in Moessler's Handb. der Gewiich. ed. 2, p. 1595." Bischoff,
Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2805. A. Braun in Ann. des Sciences Nat.
2nd ser. Yol. I. p. 352 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 55 ; Consp. Char. Enrop. p. 4 ;
and in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 402. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 11,
t. i. f. iv. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 127. Leonhardi in Brimn
Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 177. Waliht. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 24. Baling. Man.
ed. 8, p. 470. C. vulgaris, var. elongata, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 182. C. ulvoides, Bertol. in Bruni Nuov. Collez. d'Opusc. Scient. 1826, p. 113; and Fl. Ital.
Vol. X. p. 21. Amici, Descriz. Char. p. 21, t. iv. f. viii. and ix. Ganterer, Osterr.
Char. p. 11, t. i. f. v. C. translucens, and var. stelligera, Beichenb., Iconog. Vol. IX. p. 2, t. 804, 805. Nitella stelligera, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 318 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 255 ; Sp. Alg. p. 518 ; and
Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 11, t. 27, f. i. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p.
681 ; and Atlas, pi. 41, f. g ; ed. ii. p. 892 ; and Atlas, pi. 47, f. h. Wallm. in
Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 267. N. ulvoides, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 318. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh.
1854, p. 267. N. Bertolonii, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 11, t. 26, f. ii. Lychnothamnus stelliger. A. Braun, Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 102, t. vi. f. 189. Sydow,
Europ. Char. p. 45.
Dioecious. Olive green. Stem rather stout, translucent or opaque from being encrusted with carbonate of lime, without cortical cells or
* [Mr. Boswell has followed Braun in adopting Bauer's name C. stelligera for this plant ; but Desvaux's name C. obtusa has the claim of priority, and concerning the identity of the two there is no doubt, as specimens from both authors are preserved in the Kew Herbarium. — N. E. B.]
2 c 2
196 ENGLISH BOTANY.
spine-cells, and with rudimentary stipule-cells in one whorl, scarcely projecting above the surface ; lower portion of the stem almost always with the whorls of branchlets rudimentary, and full of starch-grains, [bulbils] resembling white, stellately 5- to 7-lobed rings, surrounding the stem. Branchlets 4 to 8 in a whorl, 1- to 3-celled, subobtuse, apiculate, simple or with 1 or 2 1-celled bracts at the nodes, resembling the terminal portion of the brancblet. " Nucules subglobose, 9-striate ; coronula minute, conical, persistent ; globules solitary or 2 together." (Groves, Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 2.) [When the globules are in pairs, only one bract is developed, the second globule taking the place of one of the bracts.]
In deep water, very rare. In Filby Broad, 8 miles from Great Yarmouth, growing in water 4 feet deep ; Hickling Broad, Somerton Broad, Stalbam Broad, and Hundred Stream, Potter Heigham, Norfolk. South Devon. First found by Mr. Arthur Bennett, in September, 1880.
England. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
A large plant, somewhat resembling Nitella translucens. Stem as thick as a stocking-wire, and the branchlets 2 to 6 inches long, [sometimes, and especially in the form called C. ulvoides, much stouter than represented on Plate 1910]. Eemarkable on account of the white granular starlike bulbils on the lower part of the stem;* from which mainly the plant is propagated, as it very seldom fruits, though Mr. Bennett has found both the male and female plants in Filby Broad.
I have not seen British specimens, nor any foreign specimens, with either nucules or globules.
Star-bearing Chara.
Section III.— EU-CHARA,
Internodes of the stem more or less opaque, [rarely pellucid,] with [or rarely without] a covering of parallel cortical cells, and with 2 whorls (rarely only 1 whorl) of stipule-cells at the base of each whorl of branchlets. Globule placed below the nucule taking the place of one of the bracts, [or borne on a separate plant from that which bears nucules]. Nucule with a persistent crown of 5 conspicuous cells, which are erect or spreading.
[A. Stem and branchlets without cortical cells, stipule-cells in one whorl.
[* For an account of these and the bulbils on other species of Chara, see A. Clavaucl in ' Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France,' Vol. X. pp. 137-148, pi. iii.]
CHARACE.E. 197
SPECIES III.— C HARA BRAUNII. Gmelin.
Plate 1911.
Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 10, 64.
Nordst. & Waldst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 87.
Chara Braunii, Gmelin, Fl. Badensis Alsatica, Vol. IV. (Suppl.) p. 646. Bischoff, Krypt.
Gewachse, p. 26, t. i. f. 5. Reichenb. Iconog. Bot. Vol. IX. p. 1, t. 802. Wallm. in
KongL Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 1854, p. 286. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser
1863, p. 11. Waldst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 24. C. coronata, (Ziz. Herb.) Bischoff, Krypt. Gewachse, p. 26, t. i. f. 7 ; and Handb. Bot.
Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2817. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I.
p. 353 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 59 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 4 ; in Monatsber.
Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 897 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Scbles. Vol. I. p.
403 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 108. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 13, t. i. f. vi.
Kiltz. Sp. Alg. p. 520 ; and Tab. Phyc, Vol. VII. p. 17, t. 43, f. i. Durieu, Explor.
de P Algerie, Bot. Atlas, pi. 39, f. 3. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 179.
Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 59. Allen, Char. Amer. p. 7, pi. iii. ;
and in Amer. Naturalist, Vol. XVI. p. 358, with plate and several woodcuts.
Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 48. Coss. & Germ. Atlas Fl. Envir. Par. ed. ii. pi. 44. C. flexilis, Amiei Descriz. Chara, p. 5, t. i., f. i., and t. iii., f. i., not of Linn. C. Cortiana, Bertoloni in Amiei Descriz. Chara, p. 8 ; and Fl. Ital. Vol. X. p. 16. C. eremosperma, Ru_pr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Buss. Beich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 12. C. Stalii, Tisiani, Fl. Dalm. Vol. III. p. 334. Bleneghini in Atti della ottava Beunione
degli Scienziati Italiani, Genova, 1847, p. 553. Charopsis Braunii, Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 319 ; and Phyc. Germ. p. 257. Nitella Braunii, Rabenh. Deutsch. Krypt. Fl. ed. i. Vol. II. p. 197.
Monoecious. Bright green or olive. Stem slender or moderately stout, flexible, translucent or rarely opaque from being encrusted with carbonate of lime, without cortical cells or spine-cells ; stipule-cells in one whorl, of the same number as there are branchlets in a whorl, and alternating with them, very short, spreading, acute. Branchlets 7 to 11 in a whorl, ascending, or slightly incurved, without cortical cells, 3- to 5-jointed ; their joints of nearly equal length, the terminal joint tipped with from 2 to 5 minute acute cells. Bracts 3 to 10 in a whorl, those on the inner side of the branchlet usually shorter than the nucules, but sometimes as long or longer ; those on the outside of the branchlet shorter than the inner ones, rudimentary, or altogether deficient, especially at the sterile nodes of the branchlet. Nucules in the axils of the bracts at the 2 or 3 lowest nodes of the branchlets, solitary, or in pairs, or at the lowest node sometimes 3 together, ovoid, 9- to 11-striate, with a short erect, somewhat spreading, or connivent crown, when ripe of a brownish-yellow colour with a blackish nucleus. Globules solitary or in pairs placed immediately beneath the nucules.
198 ENGLISH BOTANY.
In a canal near Reddish, South Lancashire ; discovered by Mr. Charles Bailey in September, 1883.
England. Annual ? Summer, Autumn.
Stems branched, slender or moderately stout, very variable in size, being from 2 to 18 inches in length, with branchlets from -L of an inch to an inch or more long, the internodes of the stem being shorter or longer than the branchlets ; the length of the bracts and size of the nucules also vary considerably. The Lancashire plant is rather more slender than usual, and the nodes of the branchlets are not constricted as in the Continental forms.
C. Braunii is one of the most distinct species of British Charas, being readily known by its uncorticated stems and branchlets, and the minute cells at the tips of the branchlets, which consist of the very reduced apical cell and the bracts of the ultimate node, and are very similar to those that terminate the branchlets of Nitella trans- lucens. The claim of this species to be considered a native plant is perhaps somewhat doubtful, since Messrs. Groves state (Journ. Bot. 1884, p. 4) that the water of the canal in which it grows "is raised to an abnormal temperature by the hot water from the adjacent mills. Naias alagnensis* a native of Egypt, has been found in the same neighbourhood, and as its introduction is ascribed to the use of Egyptian cotton in the mills, there seems a possibility of C. Braunii, also an inhabitant of Egypt, having been introduced by the same means, although the distribution of the latter is such as to make its occurrence in this country probable."
This species is found nearly all over the world, therefore it is not unlikely to prove a native of the British Isles, and should be looked for in ponds, streams, lakes, &c. — N. E. B.
B. Stem with as many rows of cortical cells as there are branchlets to a whorl, stipule-cells in two whorls, all well developed, setaceous.']
SPECIES IV.-CHARA CRINITA. WaUr.
Plate 1912.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 6, 65, 66, 67, 68, 80, 118.
Nordst. & WcMst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 29b.
Chara crinita, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 190, t. iii. Bruzel. Obs. Char. pp. 10 and 19.
Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 126. Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2821.
A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 356 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p.
70; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5; in Cuhi, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 401; in
[* A very full account with good figures of this plant, will be found in the Journal of Botany 1884, p. 305, where it is described as Naias graminea, Delile, var. Delilei, Magnus.]
CHARACE.E. 199
Monatsber. Akad. Wissensck. 1867, p. 901 ; and Fragm. Mouog. Char. p. 137, t. vii.
f. 221-2. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 525 ; and
Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 27, t. 69, f. i. Rupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. Russ. Reich.
1815, dritte liefer, p. 18. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 14, t. ii. f. viii. Baling, in
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 88 ; and Man. ed. 8, p. 471. Wallm. in Kongl.
Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 319. Waltht. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 31 ; and
Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 25. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 41.
Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 126. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl.
Vol. II. p. 180. Lange, Fl. Danica, t. 2747. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 52. Allen,
Char. Arner. p. 5, pi. ii. ; and Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. IX. p. 40, pi. xviii. C. hispida, var. crinita, TValrfenb. Fl. Suec. p. 717. C. Karelini, Lessing in Linntea, Vol. IX. p. 213. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.
Stockh. 1854, p. 322. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 28, t. 71, f. ii. C. condensata, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 320 ; not of Rupr. C. pusilla (Dethard), Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 706 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 320.
Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 260 ; (Floerke) Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 526 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol.
VII. p. 28, t. 69, f. ii. C. canescens, H. & J. Groves, in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 134, t. 208, f. 9 ; scarcely of Loisel.
Deslong* C. evoluta, Allen in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. IX. p. 41, pi. xix. C. altaica, A. Br. Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 148, t. vii., f. 228-231.
Dioecious [or rarely monoecious]. Dark green. Stem slender, trans- lucent, or opaque from being encrusted with carbonate of lime, rather faintly spirally striate from being coated with as many cortical cells as there are branchlets in the whorl, and with numerous (usually very numerous) spreadiDg or spreading-retrorse fasciculated long setaceous spines ; stipule-cells in two whorls, all are setaceous and spine-like. Branchlets 8 to 10 in a whorl (mostly 5, Braun), short, slender, often incurved, 4- to 8-jointed (mostly 5-jointed, Braun), clothed with cortical cells, except 1 or 2 joints at the apex. Bracts 7 to 1 1 in a whorl, at all the nodes of the branches, except sometimes the last 1 or 2, spreading-ascending, spine-like, mostly all longer than the nucules, usually twice as long [or the innermost bracts very much shorter than the nucules]. Nucules in the axils of the bracts at 2 or 3 or rarely 4 of the lowest nodes of the branch, obloug-oval, 10- to 13-striate, with a conspicuous erect persistent crown. Globules on separate plants from those bearing nucules, very rarely produced.
In pools of brackish water, very rare. Budock Pool, near Falmouth, Cornwall, Rev. W. L. P. Garnons.f Here it grows in
[* According to specimen named by Desveaux, in the Kew Herbarium, which is probably authentic, C. canescens Loisel. Deslong. is C. aspera, Willd.]
[t By Professor Babington this locality is incorrectly spelt Burdock Pool in Ann. Nat. Hist, and in Man. Brit. Bot. ed. 8.]
200 ENGLISH BOTAXT.
company with Ch. aspera. Little Sea, Studland, Dorset, Mr. Bolton King. West Cornwall. Ireland, D. Moore, no exact locality given. The male plant only is in Professor Babington's Herbarium.
England, Ireland. Annnal. Summer, Autumn.
Very variable in size, being from 1 inch to 18 inches or more, and with the branchlets -J- to 1 inch long. The smaller forms seem to be more densely spinous than the larger, judging from the specimens in the Char. Europ. Exsicc. and the Char. Scandinav. Exsicc. I have not seen any British specimen.
The shape of the nucules is apparently variable. I have described them from the published sets above mentioned. \Yallroth figures them linear-fusiform, and describes them as ' oblongo-linear.' Babington gives 'narrowly-oblong,' and Groves 'oval,' as their form.
The globules are very rarely seen. "Wallroth says he never saw them, and A. Braun says that in Germany and Scandinavia the female plant only is found, and the fructification is parthenogenetic.
[The male plant of this species is excessively rare in Europe, but the hermaphrodite plant is not unlikely to be found, as in N. America a monoecious state of it has been discovered and described as a distinct species (C. evoluta) by Dr. Allen, but it is certainly nothing more than the hermaphrodite plant of C. crinita, and further supports the opinion expressed under N. syncarpa var. opaca, that the character monoecious or dioecious, unless accompanied with such distinctions as cannot be regarded as correlated with sex, is not a specific character, especially in such a group as this, where the species vary exceedingly, and the characters within certain limits are most unstable, and even when constant in certain localities, are possibly only conditional upon the depth, temperature, exposure, and chemical constituents of the water they grow in. C. altaica, Braun, is also the hermaphrodite plant of C. crinita. Not having seen fresh British specimens, my drawing was made partly from the Irish specimen, and partly from Continental ones. — N. E. B.
Bearded Chara.
0. Stem with twice as many rows of cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl ; stipule cells in two ichorls, papillate, ovoid, or setaceous.']
SPECIES V.-C HARA TOMENTOSA. Linn.
Plate 1913.
Braun, Eabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 8, 9, 35, 36. Nordst. & WaMst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 30, 31, 50, 50b, 51, 52, 53, 54, 88, 89. Chara tomentosa, Linn, Sp. PL ed. i. p. 1156. Homemann, Fl. Danica, t. 1941. Bmzel, Obs. Char. pp. 13 and 20. Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 127. Eupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz.
CIIARACE.E. 201
Piuss. Eeicb. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 15. Kuiz. Pbyc. Gen. p. 321 ; Pbyc. Germ.
p. 260 ; Sp. Alg. p. 526 ; and Tab. Pbyc. Vol. VII. p. 29, t. 74, f. i. Baling, in
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 90 ; and Man. ed. 8, p. 472. Walha. in Kongl.
Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 317. Nordst. in Anders*. Bot. Notiser, 1863,
p. 51. WaUst. Monog. Sver. Xorg. Cbar. p. 30. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot.
1880, p. 130, t. 207, f. 5. C. latifolia, Willd. in Gesellscbaft Nat. Freunde zu Berlin Hag. Vol. III. p. 299. Hook.
Lond. Journ. Bot. 1842, Vol. I. p. 43 ; and Icon. PI. Vol. VI. t. 532. C. eeratopbylla, Wall,: Annus Bot, p. 192, t. v. Bruz. Obs. Cbar. p. 20. Agardh,
Syst. Alg. p. 127. Homemann, Fl. Danica. t. 1654. Bischoff, Krypt. Gewacbse,
t. i. f. 16 ; and Handbk. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2816. Kiitz. Pbyc. Gener.
p. 321 ; Pbyc. Germ. p. 260 ; Sp. Alg. p. 526 ; and Tab. Pbyc. Vol. VII. p. 29,
t. 73. Ganterer, Osterr. Cbar. p. 16, t. ii. f. x. xi. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.
Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 318. Wahht. Bidr. Skand. Cbar. p. 34. Leonliardi in
Brnnn Verbandl. Vol. II. p. 197. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser.
Vol. I. p. 355 ; Consp. Cbar. Europ. p. 5 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 65 ; Scbweiz.
Cbar. p. 18 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Scbles. Vol. I. p. 404 ; and Fragm. Monog. Cbar.
p. 139. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 60. Sydow, Europ. Cbar.
p. 66.
Dioecious. Dark green, or greenish-grey, or even greenish-white from beiDg encrusted with carbonate of lime. Stem stout and somewhat translucent when not encrusted, but opaque from having a thick covering of carbonate of lime when growing in fresh water, conspicuously spirally striate from being clothed with twice as many cortical cells as there are branchlets in the whorl, and with scattered ovate-conical or ovoid apiculate spine-cells, situated on the primary cortical cells (i.e. those which correspond to the branchlets). Stipule-cells in 2 whorls (sometimes 3, Braun), ovate-ovoid, acuminated, resembling the spine-cells, but smaller. Branchlets 5 to 7 in a whorl ("mostly 6," Braun), moderately long, stout, often incurved, 4- to 6- jointed, clothed with cortical cells, except 1 to 3 joints at the apex which are naked and larger, pellucid, oblong or cylindrical, some- times tipped by a small cell resembling the spine-cells. Bracts mostly 5 in a whorl, unequal, oval-ovoid or oblong-ovoid or cylin- drical, mostly acute and apiculate ; the lateral ones longer than the nucules, 3 before it shorter or rudimentary. Xucules in the axils of the bracts of 1 or 2, rarely 3, of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, oval-ovoid, 12- to 14-striate, with a conspicuous spreading-erect persistent crown. Globules on a separate plant from that bearing nucules, much more common than nucules.
In fresh and salt water, very rare. Belvedere Lake, West Meath, found by Dr. D. Moore in 1 841 ; and afterwards found by him in
VOL. XII. 2 D
202 ENGLISH BOTANY.
another locality in the river Shannon below Porturnna. Hundred Stream, near Potter Heigham, Norfolk, A. Bennett.
England, Ireland. Perennial. Autumn.
A very variable plant. The Irish specimens I have seen belong to a very small form, with slightly branched, brittle, greatly encrusted stems and branchlets, the latter with 1 or 2 of the lower joints furnished with cortical cells, but sometimes (especially in the lower part of the stem) the branchlets consist of but a single long cell without cortical layers. The primary cortical cells are much more prominent than the secondary cortical cells. The spine-cells and stipule-cells are much smaller in size than in the ordinary continental forms, but Messrs. Groves give a figure of one of the Porturnna specimens in Dr. Moore's herbarium, which is furnished with large stipule-cells.
Xucules appear to be very rare in this plant. I have described them from Xordstedt and TTahlstedt's ' Characess Scandinavia? Ex- siccata?,' Xo. 88. The globules are frequently to be met with, and are much larger than the nucules.
Tomentose Chara.
SPECIES VI.— C HARA FCETIDA. A. Bran*.
Plates 1914 and 1915.
Monoecious. Dark green or more often greenish-grey or even greenish-white, from being encrusted with carbonate of lime. Stem slender or rather slender, brittle, translucent when not encrusted, but much more usually opaque from having a thick covering of carbonate of lime, strongly spirally striate, clothed with twice as many cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl, slightly rough, without spine- cells or with few or (more rarely) numerous scattered papilliform or oblong-cylindrical, generally appressed, obtuse spine-cells, situated on the primary cortical cells in the upper part of the internodes ; stipule- cells in 2 whorls, inconspicuous, resembling papilla?. Branchlets 6 to 10 in a whorl, mostly 8, long or short, slender, often incurved but sometimes recurved, 5- to 7-jointed ; clothed with cortical cells, except from 2 to 4, mostly 3 joints at the apex, which are naked. Bracts 4, rarely 6, developed on the inner side of the branch, those on the outer side rudimentary or absent, oblong-cylindrical or setaceous, obtuse, the two interior ones longer than the others, and generally twice or more
CHARACEiE. 203
the length of the nucule, rarely only equalling it. Nucules in the axils of the bracts at 2 to 5 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, oval-ovoid, 12- to 14-striate, with a conspicuous erect persistent crown. Globule solitary with the nucule, and placed immediately below it.
[Var. a. genuina.
Plate 1914.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 7, 39, 40, 41, 69, 82, 83 91, 110. Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97. C. foetida, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 354; in Flora 1835 Vol. I. p. 63 ; Schweiz. Char. p. 14 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5 ; in Monatsber. Akad. "Wissensch. 1867, p. 910 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 406 ; and Fra^m. Monog. Char. p. 159. Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2807 and 2815. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 679 ; and Atlas, p. 37 ; ed. ii. p. 889, and Atlas, pi. 41, f. 1-7. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 18, t. ii. f. xii. xiii. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 1854, p. 304. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 11 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 26. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 45. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 125. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 190. Baling. Man. ed. viii. p. 471. Mailer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 70 (32 forms described). Sijdow, Europ. Char. p. 72. C. vulgaris, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. p. 1156, in part. 8m. Engl. Bot. No. 336. Wallroth, Annus Bot. p. 179, t. i. Bruzel, Obs. Char. pp. 5 and 21. Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 128. Eiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 319 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 258; Sp. Alg. p. 523 ; and Tab Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 24, t. 58, f. i. Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. Buss. Reich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 12. Babing. in Aun. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 89. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 133, t. 208, f. 8. C. montana, Pers. Synop. Vol. II. p. 530.
C. atrovirens, Loire in Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. Vol. VI. p. 551. C. funicularis, Thuill Fl. Envir. Par. p. 473.
C. decipiens, Desv. in Loisel. Deslong. Notice sur le PI. a ajouter a la Fl. de France, p. 138. C. papillata, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 183.
C. collabens, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxviii. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 524.
C. stricta, C. refracta, Eiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 707 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; and
also C. polysperma, Phyc. Germ. p. 258 ; Sp. Alg. p. 523-4 ; and Tab. Phyc.
Vol. VII. p. 24, t. 59, f. i. and t. 58, f. ii. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.
Stockh. 1854, pp. 306, 307, 328.
C. seminuda and C. longibracteata, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. pp. 21, 25, t. 59, f. ii.
and t. 60, f. i. C. crassicaulis (Schreber), Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 25, t. 60, f. ii. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 921 ;* and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 168.
[* The description at this place does not agree with crassicaulis, but appears rather to belong to the form subhisjjida.]
2 d 2
204 ENGLISH BOTANY.
C. coarctata, C. spbaguoides, C. longibracteata, and C. crispa. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet.
Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, pp. 301, 302, 305, and 811. C. subliispida, A. Braun in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 107 ; and Fragni. Monog.
Char. p. 1G7.
Spine-bearing primary cortical cells, less prominent than the spine- less secondary cells.
Var. /3. contraria. Coss. & Germ.
Plate 1915.
Braun, Babenli. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 37, 38, 84, 88, 89, 90, 120.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 77b.
Cbara fcetida, var. contraria, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. ii. p. 890 ; and Atlas,
pi. 41, f. 8. C. contraria, A. Braun ex Eiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 258 ; Sp. Alg. p. 523 ; and Tab. Pbyc.
Vol. VII. p. 25, t. 61. A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 15; Consp. Char. Europ. p.
6 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 905 ; in Coin, Krypt. Fl.
Schles. Vol. I. p. 405 ; and Fragni. Monog. Char. p. 141. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet.
Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 304. Walilst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 15 ; and Monog.
Sver. Norg. Char. p. 31. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 126. Nordst.
in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 46. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p.
201. E. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 354, t. 224, f. 2. Baling. Man. ed.
8, p. 471. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 64 (14 forms described).
Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 57. C. fcetida, var. moniliformis, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 355. C. fcetida, var. hispidula, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 680 ; and Atlas, p. 37,
f. 5.
Spine-bearing primary cortical cells more prominent than the spine- less secondary cortical cells.]
In pools, ditches, streams, etc. [Yar. a.—] Yery common, and gene- rally distributed, extending to Orkney. [Yar. /3.— Is recorded from several counties, and if searched for, will probably be found in most.]
England, Scotland, Ireland. Annual or perennial. Summer, Autumn.
A very variable plant, varying in length from 3 or 4 inches to nearly 2 feet, with stems usually about the thickness of a darning- needle, but sometimes considerably thicker. The distance of the whorls, the length and direction of the branches, the length of the bracts, the number and shape of the spine-cells, are all liable to great variation. One of the most distinct forms is the var. crassicaulis of Schleicher, which is regarded as a distinct species by Braun. This resembles C. tomentosa in miniature, having the stem and the brancblets thicker than in the type. Messrs. Groves state that there are in the British Museum and Kew Herbaria [Borrer Herbarium] specimens of this
CHARACE.E. 205
form from Coventry Park, "Warwick, collected by Mr. T. Kirk in 1856. [The Kew Herbarium also contains a specimen labelled ' Ireland D. Moore.' The plant collected by Mr. G. Nicholson at Thornton-le- Street, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, is stated by Messrs. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 356 to be var. crassicaulis, it is, however, not that plant, but the form subhispida, (which Braun first described as a variety afterwards as a species,) having very prominent secondary cortical cells and numerous spine-cells. The var. crassicaulis has all the cortical cells nearly equally prominent, no spine-cells, or only very minute ones, and short incurved stoutish branchlets, with their terminal uncorticated joints much stouter than usual, and in the dried state apparently inflated.] The figure they give of this plant in the ' Journal of Botany,' however, appears to have much more tapering branches than the specimens given in Xo. 69 of Braun, Rabenh. and Stiz. Char. Eur., and Xo. 97 of Wahlstedt and Xordstedt, Char. Scand. [This number (97) in the Kew set is not var. crassicaulis at all, but the form subhispida, = C. collabens, Ag. !]
[A form in which the nucleus of the ripe nucules is black instead of brown(var. melanop>yrena,A.. Braun), is stated by Messrs. Groves to have been collected near Bridgerule, Cornwall, by Mr. W. Rogers in 1883.
Yar. contraria is usually smaller, more rigid, and has shorter and more incurved branchlets than most of the forms of var. a, but exhibits much the same general range of variation, and some forms are only to be distinguished from the type, by the greater prominence of the primary cortical cells, i.e., those which correspond to the middle of the base of the branchlets, and upon which the spine-cells are placed, which is the chief and only reliable character ; as in all the forms of var. a they are less prominent than the secondary ones. C.jubata, Braun (C. contraria xsx.jubata, Miiller), which appears to be only a deep-water state of the var. contraria, and only differs from it by its longer stems with very distant whorls of exceedingly short branchlets which are sometimes reduced to mere papilla? £ to -J- of a line long, sometimes 1 to 3 lines long, may perhaps be found in some of our lakes. 1
Generally speaking, C. fcetida is more or less whitish from beino- encrusted with carbonate of lime, but dark bright green forms, \C. atrovirens,~] without encrustation occasionally occur. [The variety or state, gymrwphylla, A. Braun, in which the branchlets are uncorticated is not unlikely to occur, and should be searched for.] Messrs. Groves in their excellent paper on British Characere in the ' Journal of Botany,' have reverted to the name vulgaris for this species, but although the name fcetida has been used with different decrees of latitude by Braun himself, it is generally accepted subject to different opinions as to species and varieties. At any rate, the name vulgaris is untenable as dating back to Linnaeus, who under it included forms now universally considered distinct. C. fcetida possesses in a special degree an unpleasant odour.
Fetid Chara.
206 ENGLISH BOTAXY.
SPECIES VII.— CHARA H ISP I DA. [Oeder and other authors,
not of Linn.*]
Plates 1916-1918.
Monoecious. Dark green or more often greenish-grey or greenish- white, from being encrusted with carbonate of lime. Stem stout or rather stout, brittle, opaque from having a thick covering of carbonate of lime, spirally sulcate, clothed with twice as many cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl, rough with few or numerous, some- times very numerous, more or less fasciculated, retrorse or retrorsely- spreading, setaceous, acute, deciduous spine-cells, situated on the primary cortical cells in the upper part of the stem and branches ; stipule-cells in 2 whorls, very conspicuous, resembling short setaceous spines. Branchlets 7 to 11 in a whorl, mostly 10, rather long, rather slender, ascending-spreading or slightly incurved, 6- to 9-jointed, clothed with cortical cells, except one or two minute joints, [in some varieties 3 to 6 joints] at the apex, which are naked. Bracts 6 to 10 in a whorl, setaceous, acute, unequal, from 2 to 5 of the interior ones being much longer than the others, and generally twice or more the length of the nucule — rarely only equalling it, the outer ones shorter or more rarely rudimentary. Nucules in the axils of the bracts, at 2 to 5, mostly 4 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, broadly oval- ovoid, 12- to 15-striate, with a conspicuous erect-spreading persistent crown. Globules solitary with the nucule and placed immediately below it.
Var. a. genuina.
Plate 1916.
Bram, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 49, 70, 71, 85, 86, 87, 117. Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 55a and b, 56, 57a and b, 58, 59, 59b, 60a,
b, c, and d, 61 ; (rudis, 62, 63, 64a and b, 65, 66) ; (horrida, 98, 99a and b, 100,
101.) Chara hispida, Oeder, Fl. Danica, 1. 154. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 463. Wallr. Annus Bot.
p. 187, t. iv. Bruz. Obs. Char. pp. 9 and 20. Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 128. Bischoff,
Krypt. Gewachse, p. 26, t. i. f. 9-11 ; and Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 56, f.
2799-2801, and t. 57, f. 2813. A. Broun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I.
[* According to Linnaeus' type specimen, the plant he described as C. hispida is that now well known as C. aspera ! But the name C. hispida is so universally adopted for the plant here described as such, that there is little use now in substituting the name C. spinosa, Eupr. for it, which should be done if the Linnean name C. hispida were retained for C. aspcra.~\
CHARACE.E. 207
p. 355 ; Schweiz. Char. p. 17 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl.
Scliles. Vol. I. p. 407 ; and Fragni. Monog. Char. p. 171. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir.
Par. ed. i. p. 679 ; and Atlas, pi. 38 f. b, 1-2 ; ed. ii. p. 888 ; and Atlas, pi. 42,
f. b, 1-2. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 52-1 ; and
Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII., pp. 26, 27, t. 65 to 67, f. i. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 17,
t. ii. f. xiv. Baling, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 89 ; and Man. ed. 8,
p. 471. Walhn. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 308. Waldst. Bidr.
Skand. Char. p. 25 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 28. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot.
Belg. Vol. II. p. 125. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 186. H. & J.
Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 131, t. 208, f. 7. Mutter in Bull. Bot. Geneve, 1881,
p. 83. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 80. C. spinosa, Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Euss. Reich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 15.
Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 47. C. equisetina, Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 706 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ.
p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 525 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 27, t. 68, f. i. ; Walhn. in
Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 319. C. horrida, Walhn. (under C. baltica var. fastigiata) in Kongl. Vet. Akad.Handl. Stockh.
1854, p. 314. A. Broun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p.
172. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 24 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 30.
Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 49. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 84. C. acicularis, Walhn. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 315 ? C. rudis, A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p.
408 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 173. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II.
p. 185. Wahlst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 29. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 83. C. subspinosa, Bupr. Symbols, p. 225.
Encrusted. Spine-bearing primary cortical cells less prominent than the spineless secondary cortical cells. Spine-cells few or numerous.
[Yar. ft. baltica. Hartmann. Plate 1917.
Braun, Bahenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 44, 96, 114.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 35, a, b, c, and d, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 103,
104, 105a and b. Chara hispida, var. baltica, " Hartm. Skand. Fl. ed. i. p. 377," Wahlenberg, Fl. Suec.
ed. 1, p. 693. C. baltica, " Fries in Aspegren's Blekings Fl. p. 65." Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 127. Bruzel,
Obs. Char. pp. 11 and 19. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p.
354 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 156. Kiitz. Phyc.
Germ. p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 524 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t. 63, f. ii. Walhn.
in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 313. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p.
16 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 34. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863,
p. 49. Homemann, Fl. Danica, t. 2311. Bating. Man. ed. 8, p. 472. Sydow,
Europ. Char. p. 64. C. firma, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxviii. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t. 64,
f. i. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 50.
208 ENGLISH BOTANY.
C. Nolteana, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 354 ; and in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 62. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t. 64, f. ii. Wallm. in Kongl. Yet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 312. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 49.
C. Liljebladii, Wallm. in Kongl. Yet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 314. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, p. 50.
C. baltica, var. affinis, H. & J. Groves, in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 354, t. 224, f. 1.
Not encrusted. Spine-bearing primary cortical cells as prominent as, or more prominent than the secondary cells. Spine-cells few or numerous.]
? Yar. y. pseudocrinita. A. Braun. Plate 1918.
Braun, Ralenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsiec. Nos. 48, 72, 97, 119.
Nordst. & Waldst. Char. Scand. Exsiec. Nos. 78, 79, 80a and b.
Cbara bispida, var. pseudocrinita, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Yol. I. p.
355 ; and in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 67. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p.
679 ; and Atlas, p. 38, f . b 3 ; ed. ii. p. 889 ; and Atlas, pi. 42, f. b 3. Wallm. in
Kongl. Yet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 1854, p. 311. C. bispida, var. dasyacantba, A. Braun, Schweiz. Cbar. p. 18. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 525 ;
and Tab. Phyc. Vol. YII. p. 27, t. 66, f. b. C. polyacantha, A. Braun in Br. Eabenb. & Stiz. Exsiec. No. 48 ; Consp. Char. Europ.
p. 6 ; and Fragm. Monog. Cbar. p. 150. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 29 ; and
Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 34. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 48.
Leonhardi in Brunn Yerhandl. Vol. II. p. 199. Lange, Fl. Danica, t. 2746.
H. & J. Groves, in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 131, t. 208, f. 6. Baling. Man. ed. 8,
p. 472. Mutter in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 63. Sydoic, Europ. Char. p. 61. C. pedunculata, Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 706 — altered to C. spondylopbylla in
Kutz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 259. Sp. Alg. p. 525 ; and Tab. Phyc.
Vol. VII. p. 27, t. 68, f. ii. (by error printed C. spondylophora). Wallm. in Kongl.
Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 1854, p. 311. C. intertexta, Tenore, Viagg. in Abruzzo, 1830, p. 90 ; and Syllog. Fl. Neapol. p. 484
(according to an authentic specimen at Kew, not of Desveaux).
Encrusted. Spine-bearing primary cortical cells more prominent than the spineless secondary cortical cells. Spine-cells very numerous.
In ponds, pools, and ditches, &c. Yar. a not uncommon, and generally distributed in England ; less frequent in Scotland, where it has been recorded from the counties of Berwick, Roxburgh, Had- dington, Fife, Forfar, Sutherland, and Perth. In Ireland in counties "Wicklow, Galway, Westmeath, and Deny.
[Yar. /3, rare. In a stream running into Kynance Cove, and in the neighbouring pools, Cornwall.]
charace.t:. 209
Var. y, rare. Recorded from Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire, Hickling Broad, Norfolk, Cumberland, Anglesea, "Roxburgh, Fife, Cork, Gralway, and Mayo.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
A very variable plant, generally much encrusted. Steins 1 to 3 feet long, often as thick as a crow-quill, and sometimes equalling a goose- quill. The number and length of the spines is very variable, and they appear to be more persistent in some forms than in others. The length of the stipule-cells and bracts is also liable to much variation.
One of the most striking varieties is the C. horrkla of Wallman, which is an unencrusted form with short branchlets, and very numerous persistent spine-cells, and with bulbils on the buried portion of the stem [which also occur on typical and other forms of hispida]. Braun enters it as a species in the Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6, and Exsicc. Nos. 71 and 87, but remarks, " Ch. hispidae. proxima, cujus varietas marina esse videtur." Messrs. G-roves give " Groldens Common, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, Herb. A. Gr. More."
[The variety baltica is a maritime form, distinguished by its greener unencrusted stems, with more prominent primary cortical cells : the spine-cells are very variable in number and size, being sometimes reduced to mere papilla?, sometimes short and more or less spreading, sometimes (as in all the Cornish specimens seen) long and more or less appressed to the stem, or (" spreading," H. & J. Groves). C. Liljebladii is merely a large state of this variety, with much longer and more spreading branchlets ; and C. Nolteana is a state in which the branchlets are stout and uncorticated except the lowest joint.]
Var. pseudocrinita is perhaps a subspecies ; it is more spinous than any of the forms of true hispida, except the form horrida, which it considerably resembles, except in the relative size of the primary and secondary cortical cells. I should be inclined to attach more impor- tance to the character taken from the cortical cells, were it not that in C. contraria, Braun, we have a plant bearing the same relation to C. fcetida that C. polyacantha does to C. hispida.
\Yhen we find two plants, which let us call A and B, have forms allied to them which let us call a and b. If A is to a as B is to b, then the probability is that a and b are but varieties of A and B. It is the rule that species have varieties similarly related to them ; but true species, and even subspecies, seldom follow any such relation.
C. hispida bears considerable resemblance to the forms of C. foetida,* in which the stem is furnished with spine-cells ; but it is a stouter plant, with the stem more furrowed when dry, and with
[* In the Monatsbericht Akad. Wissenschaften Berlin, 1867, p. 922, Braun states C. hispida to be a subspecies of C. foetida.'] VOL. XII. 2 E
210 ENGLISH BOTANY.
more numerous and fasciculated spine-cells in the upper part ; the stipule-cells are more developed, the branches have more of the joints clothed with cortical cells, the bracts are more numerous at each node, and the nucules are broader in proportion to their length.
The form or variety horrida, and the variety or subspecies pseudocrinita, especially the latter, bear considerable resemblance to the larger states of C. crinita ; but their stems are stouter, and have more numerous cortical cells than in crinita; the branchlets are stouter, the bracts more unequal and less spine-like ; the nucules are larger, more deeply striate and with a larger crown, and each accompanied by a globule.
\_C. rudis, Braun, is a slight form in which the secondary cortical cells are more prominent than usual.
Another trifling variety of this variable species, which will probably be found to occur, is C. papulosa, Ktitz. (G\ intermedia, Braun). It is like typical C. hispida, but has the primary cortical cells more pro- minent than the secondary ones, and few spine-cells, which are some- times minute and papilliform, sometimes spine-like. Braun quotes C. aculeolata, Kiitz. as one of the synonyms of his C. intermedia ; but to judge from Kiitzing's figure, and a specimen at Kew named by Braun, it belongs rather to the var. pseudocrinita. As so many other characters of Charaeeae are found to be inconstant, it is probable that the relative prominence of the cortical cells is likewise so, and that some of the so-called varieties or species are but states of one plant ; this requires deciding by careful experimental cultivation.]
Bristly Chara.
[D. Stem clothed with three times as many rows of cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl; stipule-cells in two whorls, all setaceous, or the lower whorl or both whorls often rudimentary^]
SPECIES YIII.-C HARA ASPERA. Willd. Plate 1919.
Braun, Rabenh. & Siiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 11, 12, 50, 74a, b, c, 98, 99, 111, 116.
Nordst. & Wahht. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 106, 107, 108, a, b, c, 109a, b, 110, 111, 112a, b, 113, 114.
Chara aspera, WillJ. in Gesellschaft Nat. Freunde zu Berlin Mag. Vol. III. p. 298. Wallr. Annus But. p. 185. t. vi. f. 3. Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 130. Bruzel, Obs. Char, pp. 12 and 22. Greville, Scottish Crypt. Fl. Vol. YI. p. 45, t. 339. Wilson in Suppl. to Engl. Bot. 1834, Yol. II. No. 2738. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 356 ; in Flora, 1835, Yol. I. p. 71 ; Schweiz. Char. p. 20 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6; in Monatsber. Akad. YVissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 923; in (John, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Yol. I. p. 408 ; and Fragna. Monog. Char. p. 174. Cuss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 680 ; and Atlas pi. 38, f. i> ; ed. ii. p. 891 ; and Atlas, pi.
characej:. 211
42, f. d. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 257 ; Sp. Alg. p. 521 ; and
Tab. Phyc, Vol. VII. p. 21, t. 51, f. ii. and t. 52. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 15.
Baling, in Ann. Nat Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 90 ; and Man. ed. 8, p. 472. TTT«///,;.
in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 322. Wahht. Bidr. Skand. Char, p.
32; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 35. LeonJiardi in Brunn Verkandl. Vol. II.
p. 204. B. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 129, t. 207, f. 4. Mutter in Bull.
Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 87. Allen in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. IX. p. 43,
pi. xxi. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 85. C. hispida, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. p. 1156. Rorneman, Fl. Danica, t. 1940. Bupr. in Beitr.
zur Pflanz. des Russ. Keich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 17. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot.
Notiser, 1863, p. 44. C. intertexta, Desv. in Loisel. Deslongeh. Notice sur les PI. a aj outer a la Fl. de France,
p. 138. C. canescens, Loisel. Deslongeh. Notice, &c. p. 139. C. galioides, and C. fallax, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. pp. xxvii. and xxviii. (not C.
galioides, De Condolle). C. tenuispina, A. Bream in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 68 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 7; in
Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 409 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 181, t. vii. f.
267-268. Kutz. Phyc. Germ. p. 259. Walhn. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh.
1854, p. 312. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 89. Sydow, Em-op.
Char. p. 92. C. tenuissima, A. Broun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2ud ser. Vol. I.
p. 355 (not of Desv.) is probably a misprint for C. tenuispina. C. equisetifolia (Nolte), Kutz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 705. C. hirta, Meyen, in Linnasa, Vol. II. p. 78. C. curta (Nolte), Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 22, t. 53, f. i. A. Broun, Fragm.
Monog. Char. p. 177. " C. corallina, Walhn. in Liljeblad, Svensk. Fl. ed. 3 " (Wallman).
Dioecious, [rarely monoecious]. Pale pea-green, or often greenish- grey or greenish-white, from being encrusted with carbonate of lime. Stem slender or very slender, rather brittle, translucent or opaque, when encrusted faintly striate, clothed with three times as many cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl, with numerous or few, scattered or fasciculate, spreading or retrorse, setaceous, acute, subpersistent spine-cells, situated on the primary cortical cells, especially in the upper part of the stem, but the spine-cells sometimes reduced to papillae throughout, or at least on the lower part of the stem ; subterranean part of the stem generally producing at the nodes 2 or 3, rarely 4, smooth, globose, 1-celled bulbils ; stipule-cells in 2 whorls resembling the spine-cells, being very conspicuous when these are long, and papilliform when the latter are short or few. Branchlets 6 to 1 1 in a whorl, mostly 8, short, very slender, ascending or slightly incurved, 5- to 9-jointed ; their joints clothed with cortical cells, except the minute mucro-like apical cell, which is naked and sometimes also the second from the aj3ex. Bracts in the female plant
2 e 2
212 ENGLISH BOTANY.
8 to 10 in a whorl ; the 5 inner ones longer, and usually exceeding the nucule ; those on the outside of the branchlet shorter, and those at the upper nodes of the branchlet, which do not produce nucules, shorter, and often rudimentary. Bracts in the male plant usually shorter than in the female, and only 2 of them longer than the others, which are sometimes rudimentary. Nucules in the axils of the bracts, at 2 to 5 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, oval-ovoid, deeply 12- to 14-striate, with a prominent erect-spreading persistent crown. Globules on separate plants from those bearing nucules, solitary in the axils of the bracts, at several of the lower nodes of the branchlets, [or rarely on the same plant and placed below the nucules (C. tenuispina).]
In lakes, ponds, and ditches, and more rarely in brackish pools ; rather rare, but widely distributed, reaching from Cornwall and Hants, north to Orkney and Shetland ; more common in Scotland ; also more common in Ireland, where it extends from north to south of the island.
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Stems slightly branched, slender, often capillary, 3 inches to I foot long, with the internodes usually rather distant. Branchlets ^ to ^ inch long. The more spinous and condensed states resemble C. crinita, but the stems are much more faintly striate from the cortical cells being smaller ; the bracts and stipule-cells are usually shorter and less spine-like, particularly the bracts towards the ex- tremity of the branchlets ; the nucules are much more strongly striate, and the whole plant is much more brittle when dry. The stouter states of C. aspera often much resemble small forms of C. hispida, particularly its var. pseudocrinita, [as for example C. aspera var. dasi/acantha, A. Braun, in which the stem is densely covered with long setaceous spine-cells] ; but the stems and branchlets are more slender, the cortical cells smaller, and the plant is dioecious, and usually of a much brighter green tint.
C. tenuispina, A. Braun (Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 74), is doubt- less a monoecious form, [the hermaphrodite plant,] variety, or at most subspecies, of C. aspera.
[Occasionally the spine-cells are reduced to mere rudiments like those of some states of C. fragilis, from which it is then difficult to distinguish this species. See remarks under C. fragilis.
One of the most marked forms is C.fallax, Ag., a small state in which the spine-cells are papilliform, and the branchlets variously ecorticate, sometimes having the lowest joint or joints clothed with cortical cells, and the rest naked, and sometimes having all the joints
ciiaracejl 213
without cortical cells. The description given (Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxviii.) is, by a typographical error, a repetition of that of C. colla- bens, as is stated by Agardh himself on the label of a typical specimen in the Kew Herbarium, there being no description of 0. fallax.]
Rough Chara.
SPECIES IX.-C HARA FRAGILIS. Desv.
Plates 1920 and 1921.
Monoecious [or rarely dioecious]. Green, pale pea-green, more rarely greyish-green, from being slightly encrusted with carbonate of lime. Stem slender or very slender, very brittle, usually translucent, faintly spirally-striate, clothed with three times as many cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl, smooth, without spine-cells, [or the spine-cells very minute and wart-like or papilliform] ; subterranean part of the stem sometimes producing bulbils at the nodes ; bulbils consisting of an aggregation of cells, forming a subglobular, granu- lated mass. Stipule-cells in 2 whorls, papilliform, generally very minute, but the upper row sometimes conspicuously developed, and even spine-like. Branchlets 6 to 10 in a whorl, generally 7 or 8, short, or sometimes long, often slightly, [rarely (in var. /3) strongly] incurved, slender, tapering, 7- to 13-jointed, their joints clothed with cortical cells, except the minute mucro-like apical cell, which is naked and sometimes also the second from the apex, [rarely all ecorticate]. Bracts mostly developed on the inner side of the branchlet ; those at the fertile nodes usually shorter than the nucules, but not un- frequently 2 to 4 of them equalling or exceeding it, sometimes con- spicuously so ; those at the upper nodes of the branchlet, which do not produce nucules, shorter and often rudimentary, [rarely (in var. /S) all absent or rudimentary]. Nucules in the axils of the bracts, at 2 to 5 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, narrowly oval- ovoid, deeply 12- to 15 -striate, with a long slender erect persistent crown, often abortive, and then shorter and indistinctly striate. Globule solitary, placed immediately below the nucule, [or on a separate plant].
[Var. a. genuina. Plate 1920.
Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 13, U, 15, 75, 100, 112, 115, 121.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 115a, b, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120.
Chara fragilis, Desv. in Loisel. Deslong. Notice sur le PI. a ajouter a, la El. de France,
214 EXGLTSII BOTANY,
p. 137. Bischoff, Haudb. Bot. Term. t. 57, f. 2806 and 2814. A. Brawn in Ann.
Sciences Nat. ser. 2, Vol. I. p. 356 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 68 ; Schweiz. Char.
p. 21 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 7 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 410 ; in
Monatsber. Akad. Wissenscb. Berlin, 1867, p. 938 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p.
181. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 680 ; and Atlas, pi. 38, f. c ; ed. ii. p.
890 ; and Atlas, pi. 42, f. c. Kiitz. Pbyc. Gener. p. 319 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 257 ; Sp.
Alg. p. 521 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vcd. VII. p. 22, t. 54. Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz.
des Euss. Beicb. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 16. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 20, t. ii.
f. xv. Baling, in Ann. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 91 ; and Man. ed. 8, p. 473. Wallm.
in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 329. WahM. Bidr. Skand. Char. p.
38 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 36. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863,
p. 42. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 126. Leonhardi in Brnnu
Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 207. Lange, Fl. Danica. t. 2796-2798 (six forms). H. & J.
Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 101, t. 207, f. 1. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve,
1881, p. 89, (13 forms described). Allen in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. IX.
p. 45, pi. xxii. Sydoic, Europ. Char. p. 94. C. globularis, Thuill. Fl. Envir. Par. p. 472. C. capillacea, Thuill Fl. Envir. Par. p. 474. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.
Stockh. 1854, p. 330. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 23, t. 55, f. ii. C. delicatula, Desv* in Loisel. Beslong. Notice, &c. p. 137 ; and Fl. de l'Anjou, p. 21.
Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 130. Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Buss. Beicb. dritte
liefer, p. 16. A. Braun in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 411; and Fragm.
Monog. Char. p. 184, t. vii. f. 269, 270. C. pulchella, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 184, t. ii. Bischoff, Krypt. Gewach. p. 26, t. 1, f. 12,
13. Berkeley in Suppl. to Engl. Bot. 1843, Vol. III. No. 2824. C. pilifera, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxviii. C. Hedwigii, Agardh in Bruzel, Obs. Char. pp. 7 and 21. Berkeley in Suppl. to Engl.
Bot. 1834, Vol. II. No. 2762. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 23, t. 55, f. i. « C. viridis, Eartm. Skand. Fl. ed. i. p. 378 " (Wallman). C. foliolata, Eartm. Skaud. Fl. ed. 1843, p. 357. C. virgata, and C. trichodes, Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 705 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol.
VII. p. 23, t. 56, f. i. ii. C. fulcrata, Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 20, t. ii. f. xvi. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.
Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 331. " C. diffusa, Wallm. in Liljeblad, Svensk. Fl. ed. iii. addend." (Wallm.) C. annulata, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 328. C. verrucosa, Bzigsohn in Bot. Zeit. 1850, p. 338.
Monoecious.
[* A. Braun and others consider C. delicatula, Desv. as distinct from C. delicatula, Ag., placing Desveaux's plant under C. aspera. They may be right, but there are no authentic specimens at Kew of either ; yet from description they appear to be the same, and Desveaux himself in bis Fl. de l'Anjou unites bis C. delicatula with C. frag His. Tho oldest name for C. fragilis is C. globularis, Thuill. ; but as he also described it under another name {C. capillacea) in the same book, it is perhaps better to retain the name C. fragilis.]
CHARACE.E. 215
Yar. ? /3. connivens.
Plate 1921.
C. connivens (Sahmann herb.), A. Braun in Flor. 1835, Vol. I. p. 73 ; Consp. Char.
Eui'op. p. 7 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissenscb. Berlin, 1867, p. 927 ; and Fragm.
Monog. Cbar. p. 180. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 521 ; and Tab. Pbyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t.
63, f. i. Walhn. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 327. Chaboisseau
in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Vol. XVIII. p. 119, pi. 1. Wahht. Monog. Sver. Xorg.
Cbar. p. 35, footnote. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 472. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot.
1880, p. 103, t. 207, f. 3. Sydow, Europ. Cbar. p. 89. Coss. & Germ. Atlas Fl.
Envir. Par. ii. pi. 43. C. connivens, var. Durian, KraliJc, PI. Alger. Xo. 154, and PI. Tunet. Xo. 385 (exsicc.)*
Dioecious.]
In ponds, lakes, and ditches, &c, more rarely in running water.
[Var. a. — ] Common and generally distributed ; apparently more rare in Scotland, but extending north to Orkney and Shetland. In Ireland it occurs from south to north.
[Var. ? /3. — Rare ; Stokes Bay, G-osport, Hampshire ; and Slapton Sands, near Dartmouth, Devonshire.]
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
Stems 2 inches to 2 feet ; slender, often capillary ; the branchlets i to 1 or even, [in large forms,] 1-2^ inches long.
In the form C. Hedwigii, Agardh, the plant is dark green and much stouter than the ordinary form, sometimes nearly 2 feet long, and the branchlets | to 2 J inches long ; [a state of it in which all the joints of the branchlets are without cortical cells, has been collected near Blair- gowie, East Perthshire, by Mr. A. Sturrock, and described as var. Sturrockii by Messrs. Groves in ' Journ. Bot. 1884,' p. 2.] The bract cells are extremely variable in length, sometimes much shorter than the nucule, and scarcely perceptible at the upper part of the branches ; at other times they are all conspicuously longer than the nucule, but perhaps most generally there are 2 of the bracts equalling the nucule, and 2 shorter ; [and on the branchlets of barren specimens they are frequently all rudimentary or absent.] The crusted forms are rare, and more brittle than the ordinary green form.
[* Kralik's specimens only differ from Salzmann's in being more slender. And C. connivens, var. Durisei, A. Br. in Explor. de 1' Alger, pi. 39, f. 2 (C concinna, Durieu and Coss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Vol. VI. p. 183, footnote ; C. Durisei, A. Br. in Monatsber. Akad. Wissenscb. Berlin, 1867, p. 926 ; and Fragm. Monog. Cbar. pp. 22, 179, t. vii. f. 252-254, which are reduced copies of tbose in Explor. de 1' Alger.) ; only appears to be a mere form in which tbe bracts are developed at nearly all the nodes of tbe branchlets ; tbere is no specimen of it at Kew. — X. E. B.]
210 ENGLISH BOTANY.
[C. connivens appears to be but a sexual state of C. fragilis, as strictly it only differs from that plant in sex ; the greater incurving of the branchlets and shortness or absence of bracts given as dis- tinctive marks are variable and unreliable characters. In the typical form of 0. connivens (the branch and magnified portion of stem, with the more incurved branchlets represented on Plate 1921, which I have drawn from a typical specimen of Salzmann's in the Kew Herbarium), the branchlets are very much incurved and the bracts absent or rudi- mentary ; but in the British specimens seen, the bracts are nearly half as long as the nucule, and the Slapton plant (a branch and magnified portion of a branchlet of which is shown on Plate 1921, taken from a specimen in the collection of Mr. Arthur Bennett of Croydon) has the branchlets only slightly incurved, whilst the Gosport specimen in Mr. Borrer's Herbarium (now at Kew) has only a few whorls of branchlets strongly incurved as in Salzmann's plant (not all of them as shown in l Journ. of Bot.' 1880, t. 207, f. 3), and the rest but slightly incurved as in ordinary C. fragilis.]
C. fragilis bears a close resemblance to some states of 0. aspera, but is without the very distinct spine-cells [characteristic of that species. Some forms of C. fragilis, however, have minute wart-like or papilliform spine-cells, and sometimes the spine-cells of C. aspera are reduced to a similar condition, it then becomes difficult to dis- tinguish the two species, the only distinctive character (besides that of sex, on which no reliance can be placed) appears to be that of the bulbils ; in C. aspera these appear to be always simple, consisting of a single, smooth, rather large, globose cell, and although two or more such bulbils may arise from the same node, they are not united to each other in a mass ; whilst in C. fragilis the bulbils are always com- pound, consisting of numerous very small cells united into a granu- lated mass]. The globules in C. fragilis are brilliant scarlet, and contrast well with the bright green of the plant; they are very evanescent, and after their fall the specimen might be mistaken for the female of a dioecious species.
[The Kew Herbarium contains a specimen of C. fragilis from the hot springs of Iceland, on the label of which it is stated that, " the temperature of the spring in which this plant was growing was such as to boil an egg in four minutes." A remarkable fact if the water was really so hot at the exact spot ichere the Chara grew, as one would scarcely expect protoplasm to retain vitality at a temperature high enough to coagulate albumen.]
Fragile Chara.
CHARACE.E. 217
SPECIES X. (?)-C HARA FRAGIFERA. Durieu.
Plate 1922.
Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 73a, b.
Chara fragifera, Durieu in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1859, Vol. VI. p. 185. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 7 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 863 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 180. Wahlst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 35, foot- note. Trimen in Journ. Bot. 1877, p. 353, t. 192. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 102, t. 207, f. 2. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 473. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 91.
Dioecious [or rarely monoecious*]. Bright green. Stem very slender, flexible, translucent, spirally striate, clothed with 3 times as many cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl, smooth without spine-cells ; subterranean part of the stem producing bulbils at the nodes; bulbils consisting of an aggregation of cells, forming a subglobular, granulated mass; stipule-cells in 2 whorls, papilli- form, generally very minute and inconspicuous. Branchlets 6 to 10 in a whorl, rather long, capillary, flexuous, rarely firm, ascending or slightly incurved, 10- to 16-jointed, their joints clothed with cortical cells, except the smaller apical cell, which is naked, and sometimes also the second, and even the third, from the apex. Bracts in the female plant 1 to 5 on the inner side of the branchlet, the longest of them about half the length of the nucule ; those of the upper node of the branchlet, which do not produce nucules, rudimentary or absent. Bracts in the male plant usually 2, very minute and tooth-like. Nucules in the axils of the bracts, at 1 to 3 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, oval-ovoid, deeply 11- to 13-striate, with a rather prominent erect or spreading, persistent crown ; globules on separate plants from those bearing nucules, solitary between the minute bracts at several of the lower nodes of the branchlets, [rarely on the same plant, and placed immediately beneath the nucule].
In pools, very rare in West Cornwall and Tresco in the Scilly Isles. First found by Mr. J. Ralfs in 1877.
England. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.
A very delicate plant, 3 inches to 1 foot long, resembling the smaller states of 0. fragilis ; branchlets mostly § to l\ inch long,
* [According to Messrs. Groves (' Journ. Bot. 1882/ p. 350), and they are doubtless right, but I have not seen a monoecious specimen. — N. E. B.] VOL. XII. 2 F
218 ENGLISH BOTANY.
resembling the filaments of a Conferva ; more rarely, as in a plant from the Lizard Downs, \ inch long, and somewhat setaceous. Bracts shorter than in most forms of C. fragilis, particularly in the male plant ; nucules with a shorter crown.
The bulbils of C. fragifera are remarkable for their large size, being T2o to I inch in diameter ; they are formed of an aggregation of cells, and are white.
[C. fragifera bears a close resemblance to the more slender states of C. fragilis, and may possibly be only a distinct variety of that plant ; it is, however, more slender, more flexible, the branchlets have more numerous joints, and the bulbils are usually larger and appear to be more unilateral with respect to the node they arise from, whilst on C. fragilis they seem more generally to grow out all round the node, though this may not be at all constant. With No 73b of Braun, Rabenh. and Stiz. Char. Exsicc, a specimen bearing unicellular bul- bils is given as belonging to C. fragifera ; but in the Kew set (and no doubt, from the statement made on No. 73a, in all other sets) this specimen is not C. fragifera at all, but C. aspera ! of which such bul- bils are characteristic, the specimen is partly decomposed ; but where cortical cells remain on the stem, spine-cells are very evident, the branchlets are also those of C. aspera. Doubtless Durieu has been mistaken in the cases stated on No. 73a, in supposing the specimens with simple bulbils to be C. fragifera ; he appears only to have found them on plants in a more or less decomposed condition, in which state the characteristics of C. aspera might easily be overlooked, especially if growing in a locality where C. fragifera was found.]
My British specimens of C. fragifera are through the Botanical Exchange Club, from Chy-an-hal, near Penzance, and Pond of Lizard Downs, Mr. J. Ralfs, and G-orkhill Down, Helston, Mr. J. Cunnack.
Strawberry Chara.
[Erratum. — For Arthur Bennett on p. 173, line 21, read A. W. Bennett.]
ENGLISH BOTANY. 219
NOTE BY THE EDITOR,
Defining the sense in which certain terms have been employed in the descriptions of plants given in the Third Edition of ' English Botany.'
Terms applied to General Figures of Planes.
Oval. — One and a half to twice as long as broad, broadest in the middle ; sides curved.
Elliptical. — Three to four times as long as broad, broadest in the middle ; sides curved.
Ovate. — One and a half to twice as long as broad, broadest between the base and the middle ; sides curved.
Lanceolate. — Three to four times as long as broad, broadest between the base and the middle ; sides curved.
Obovate. — Once and a half to twice as long as broad, broader between the middle and the apex ; sides curved.
Oblanceolate. — Three to four times as long as broad, broadest between the middle and the apex ; sides curved.
Oblong. — Two to three times as long as broad ; sides parallel.
Strapshaped. — Four to six times as long as broad ; sides sub- parallel.
Linear. — Eight or more times as long as broad ; sides subparallel.
Rhombic. — Any figure which is broadest in the middle and with an angle on each side ; the lines running from this angle to the base and apex being nearly equal and nearly straight.
Deltoid. — An equilateral triangle broadest at the base ; sides nearly straight to the apex.
Triangular. — Limited to triangular figures of which the sides are conspicuously longer than the base.
Obdeltoid. — An equilateral triangle with its apex towards the base of the organ described.
Wedge-shaped. — A triangular figure (in the restricted sense defined above) with its apex towards the base of the organ described.
In most of these definitions some latitude is allowed in regard to their relative length and breadth, and when it becomes necessary to
220 ENGLISH BOTANY.
use more precise terms broadly or narrowly is employed to qualify them. Figures intermediate between two forms are called by the two terms answering to the forms, joined by a hyphen, the latter term being that to which the figure under consideration most nearly approaches. Thus oval-obovate denotes a figure which is nearer obovate than oval, and obovate-oval one which is more nearly oval than obovate. In every case these terms are used without reference to the shape of the base and apex, which is defined by terms in general use, such as acute, obtuse, cordate, obcordate, or to the nature of the margins, which is indicated by the generally received terms entire, serrate, crenate, toothed, etc. The word cut or incised is applied to the form of the margin when the general outline of the figure appears to have incisions made into it. The word lobed is used where there are protuberances extending beyond the general outline of the figure.
Terms applied to the General Figure of Solids.
Ovoid. — A solid whose transverse section is a circle, and its longi- tudinal section a figure longer than broad with curved sides. When it is necessary to define the shape more minutely, the figure of the plane found in the longitudinal section is prefixed to ovoid. Thus ovate-ovoid is a body whose longitudinal section gives an ovate figure.
Oblong-ovoid. — A solid of which the longitudinal section is oblong- oval or oblong-elliptical.
Cylindrical. — A solid of which the cross section is a circle and of which the longitudinal section is rectangular ; the shape is defined by prefixing oblong, straps/taped or linear.
Fusiform. — A solid of which the transverse section is a circle, and its longitudinal section a strapshaped-elliptical or linear-elliptical figure.
Clavate. — A solid whose transverse section is a circle, and longi- tudinal section is a strapshaped - oblanceolate or linear - oblanceolate figure.
Use of Mark of Interrogation in the Body of the Work.
When a ? is placed before the word " subspecies " it implies that perhaps the plant ought to be treated as a species, and when before " var." the variety is perhaps a subspecies; but if the ? is placed after the words " species," " subspecies," [or " variety "], it denotes that the first should perhaps be considered a subspecies, the second a variety, [and the last as being probably a mere form or condition].
INDEX.
[Species in CAPITALS, Sub-species in small letters, Synonyms and foreign names in italics.}
S.B. — The pages given in this index, are made in agreement with the supposition, that the owner has entered into the body
of the work the errata to ba found at the end of each volume.
TLATE PAGE VOL.
Aaron's Beard 267 147 ii.
A'BIES
[excel'sa, DC] (excluded) 2S5 viii.
Abdehender Sclncimjtl (Ger.) 105 xi.
Abiceichende Segge (Ger.) 90 x.
ACANTHUS
[mollis, Linn.'] (excluded) 201 vi.
A'CER
CAMPES'TEE, Linn. ... 321 232 ii.
PSEU'DO-PLATAXUS,
Linn 320 230 ii.
AC'EEAS
AXTHEOPOPH'OEA,
Br 1447 87 ix.
densiflo'ra, Boies 14G5 108 ix.
hirci'na, Lindl 1448 90 ix.
intac 'to, Eeich. fil 1465 108 ix.
pyramida'lis. Eeich. fil. ... 1449 91 ix.
8ecundiflo'ra,JAndl 1465 108 ix.
Ache odorante (Fr.) 99 iv.
ACHILLEA
alpi'na, Koch 59 v.
DECOLO'EAXS, Schrad. 729 59 v.
dentifera, DC 728 58 v.
MILLEFO'LIOI, Linn. 727 57 v.
PTABinCA, Linn 730 59 v.
serra'ta,Sm 729 59 v.
TANACETIFO'LIA, All. 728 5S v.
TOMENTO'SA, Linn. ... 726 56 v.
AchUlee a feuiUes de Tanaisie
Fr.) 58 v.
Bouton iT argent (Fr.) 60 v.
cotonneuse Fr.) 57 v.
Miltefruille (Fr.) 57 v.
Ackfbtattrige Drynde (Ger.) 202 iii.
Achter Alaut (Ger.) 98 v.
Achhs Labhraut (Ger.) 215 iv.
Miidestiss (Ger.) 127 iii.
AC IN OS
vulga'ris, Pera 1048 32 vii.
VOL. XII. 2
PLATE PAfiE VOL.
Acker Elirenpreis (Ger.) 152 vi.
Fuclisschvanz (Ger.) 23 xi.
Gauchheil (Ger, .) 151 vii.
Hornkraut (Ger.) 89 ii.
Hunds-Kamille (Ger.) 52 v.
Klee (Ger.) 47 iii.
Kleinling (Ger.) 153 vii.
Knautie (Ger.) 253 iv.
Ochsenzunge (Ger.) 109 vii.
Bade (Ft.} 74 ii.
Bettig (Ger.) 121 L
Sen/ (Ger.) 124 i.
Sherardle (Ger.) 232 iv.
Trespe (Ger.) 172 xi.
Whule (Ger.) 85 vi.
Ackerdaun (Ger.) 63 vii.
Ackermeier (Ger.) 231 iv.
Ackersteinsame (Ger.) 97 vii.
AconU Fr.) 65 i.
Acouite, Common Winter 43 56 i.
ACOXI'TUM
NAPEL'LUS.Zuih 48 64 i.
Acore odorant (Ft.) 11 ix.
ACORUS
CAL'AMUS, Idnn 1391 11 ix.
ACEOP'TEEIS
septentriona'lis, Link 1S82 13S xii.
ACBOS'TICHUM
alpi'nxiiu Bolton 1863 99 xii.
hyperlo'reum, Liljebl 1S63 99 xii.
Hven'se, Linn 1862 98 xii.
septentriona'le, Linn 1882 138 xii.
Thelyp'leris, Linn 1848 52 xii.
ACTJEA
SPICA'TA, Linn 49 67 i.
Actee en cpi (Fr.) 67 i.
ACTINOCARTUS
DAMASO'XIUM, Booh. 1442 74 ix.
Adder's Tongue, Common 1835 20 xii.
Dwarf 1836 22 xii.
G
222
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE TACE
ADEN A' MUM
peploi'des, Kaf. 239 106
ADIANTUM
CAriLLUS-YEN'ERIS,
Linn 1887 14G
ADO'XIS
AUTUMN AXIS, Linn.... 13 14
Adonisblume (Ger.) „ 14
ADOXA
MOSCHATELLI'NA,Z/hm. 636 198
Adoxe Moscatelline (Fr.) 198
Aechte Kamille (Get.) 48
Aechter Wiederstoss (Ger.) 162
Aehriger Marbel (Ger.) 12
Teufelskrallen (Ger.) 7
^'GILOPS
[ova'ta, L.~\ (excluded) 203
JEGOPO'DIUM
PODAGRA'RIA, Linn.... 580 108
Aestiges Habieht&kraub (Ger.) 179
yETHU'SA
CYNATIUM, L/hh GOO 132
AGATHOPHY'TON
Bon'us-Sen'ricus, Reich.... 1199 24
AG' B APHIS
nu'tans, Link 1528 200
AGBAU'LUS
cani'nus, P. de B 1718 46
AGRIMO'NIA
EUPATO'RIA, Linn 417 129
Eupato'ria, var. odoru'ta,
Benth 41S 131
odora'ta, Mill 418 131
Agrimony, Common 417 130
Fragrant 418 131
Hemp- 785 121
A gripaume cardiaque (Fr.) 6S
AGBOPY'BUM
■ acu'tum, Reich 1S11 ISO
R. &S 1812 1S2
cani'num, R. & S 1809 176
jun'ceum, P. de-B 1S13 183
littora'le, Reich 180
pun'gens, Gr. & Godr 180
R. &S 1811 180
pycnan'thum, G. & G 180
re'pens, P. de B 1810 17S
AGBOSTEM'MA
— t — Githa'go, Linn 215 74
Agrostide blanche (Fr.) 48
commune (Fr.) 50
des chiens (Fr.) 47
jouet du vent (Fr.) 44
AGROSTIS
al'ba, Sin 1719 4S
AL'BA, Linn 1719 & 1720 47
var. stolonif'era, .Sm. 1720 4S
, var. subre'pens, Bab, 1720 48
v. vii.
PLATE PACE VOL.
AGROSTIS
ANEMAGROSTIS, Syme
1715 & 1716 43 xi.
austra 'lis, Linn 1711 37 xi.
CANTNA, Linn 1718 46 xi.
effu'sa, DC 172S 60 xi.
interrup'ta, Linn 1716 44 xi.
lendig'era, DC 1711 37 xi.
littora'lis, Sm 1714 41 xi.
Into 'sa, Poir 1714 41 xi.
min'ima, Linn 1G89 7 xi.
pa'nicea, Ait 1713 40 xi.
pu'mila, Linn 50 xi.
SETA'CEA, Curt 1717 45 xi.
Spi'ca-ven'ti, Linn 1715 43 xi.
stolonif'era, Fries. 1719 & 1720 47 xi.
stolonif'era, Sm 1720 48 xi.
VULGARIS, With 1721 49 xi.
, var. pu'mila, Syme 50 xi.
Ahlkirsche (Ger.) 124 iii.
A h rem bluthiges Ta uscn dbla te
(Ger.) 32 iv.
Alircntra gender Ehnnpreis (Ger.) 1G2 vi.
Aigremoine eupatoire (Fr.) 130 iii.
odorante (Fr.) 131 iii.
Ail a tete ronde (Fr.) 209 ix.
cirette (Fr) 216 ix.
- des lieux cidtires (Fr.) 214 ix.
des ours (Fr.) 219 ix.
des vignes (Fr.) 211 ix.
poireau (Fr.) 206 ix.
rocambole (Fr.) 208 ix.
trigone (Fr.) 218 ix.
AI'RA
aggrega'ta, Tim 70 xi
alpi'na, Linn 1730 65 xi.
aquai'iea, Linn 1750 94 xi.
caru'lca, Linn 1747 90 xi.
csespito'sa, Benth ...1730 & 1731 63 xi.
cajspito'sa, Linn 1730 64 xi.
var. brevifo'lia, Parn 64 xi.
pseudalpi'na, Syme 64 xi.
canes'eens, Linn 1729 62 xi.
capilla'ris, Mert. & Koch 71 xi.
caryophyl'lea, Bor 70 xi.
CARYOPHYL'LEA,
Linn 1734 C9 xi.
var. aggrega'ta, Syme 70 xi.
pat'ulipes, Syme 70 xi.
crista'ta, Linn 1746 SS xi.
discolor, ThuiU 1733 68 xi.
eu-flexuo'sa, Syme 1732 G7 xi.
flex uo'sa, Auct 1732 67 xi.
FLEXUO'SA.imn. 1732 & 1733 GG xi.
, var. )9, Hook. fil. ... 1733 68 xi.
var. mouta'na, Syme 67 xi.
Iseviga'ta, Sm 1731 G5 xi.
MX'JOll, Syme 1730 & 1731 G3 xi.
monta'na, Linn 67 xi.
multicul'mis. Dumort 71 xi.
INDEX.
22:J
PLAT1. PAGE
AI'RA
pattdipe&rJoTd 70
pleisan'tfia, Joid 70
proviiicia'lis, Jord 71
PBJB'COX, Linn 1735 71
setcteea, Huda 1733 G8
uligiiiofaa, )\\ih<? 1733 68
Airdl anguleust (Fr.) 25
Canneberge (Ft.) 21
ponetuee (Fr.) 23
>•. <V-.(Fr.) 2i
AIIIOCHLO'A
crisfa'ht, Link 1740 83
A I HOP SIS
earyophyUata, Fries 1731 69
precox, Fr 1735 71
Idbula'ris, Haw 15S
PsetSdo-nards'sus, Haw 1501 157
Ajoucde Legall (Ft.) 7
<rEurope(Fr.) 5
nain (Vr.) 7
A'JUGA
alpi'na. Auct. Angl 78
[ , Linn.] (excluded) 87
[ -, Sm.] (excluded) 87
CHA>LETITYS,L('hh.... 1090 80
[Geneven'sis, Linn.'] (ex-
eluded) 87
PYKAMIDA'LIS, Linn. 1089 79
REP'TANS, Linn 1088 77
Akelei (Ger.) (31
ALBU'CEA
nutans. Beich 1523 191
ALCHEMLLXA
ALPI'NA. Linn 425 HO
. var. $, Hook. & Am 424 139
ABVEN'SIS, Scop 422 136
CONJUNCTA, Bab 424 139
monta'na, Willd 138
VULGA'BIS, Linn 423 137
vur. monta'na, Synn 138
, var. subseri'cea, Koch 13S
Alchemilk ties Alpes (Fr.) 141
des champs (Fr.) 137
vulgairi (Fr.) 138
Alder, Berry-bearing 319 229
Common 12i'4 179
ALECTOBOL'OPHUS
granddflo'rus, a. glabra'tus,
Vail 999 181
ma'jor, var. gla'bra, Reich. 999 181
mi'nor, Reich 998 180
■ parvijii/rux, Wall 998 180
Alexanders, Common 031 177
Aline glnttnettx (Fr.) 179
Alisitr Almushier (Ger.) 244
aubepine Fr.) 237
torminal (Fr.) 212
XI.
vi. vi. vi.
in.
iii.
vn. vii. vii. vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
in. iii.
in. iii. iii.
PLATE
ALIS'MA
damaso'nium, Liun 1412
hini'ttilu'tum, With 1138
NATANS, Linn 1441
PLANTA'GO, Linn. 1437 & 1438
, Dor 1437
, var. lanccola'tum,
Syme 1438
rantmctdo€de8, Sm 143'J
RANUXCULOI'DLS,
Linn 1439 & 1440
var. re'pens, Sm 1440
reopens, Daviea 1440
Alkanet, Common 1112
Evergreen 1113
Allgood 1199
ALLIA'BIA
ujjicina'li*, Audrz 100
AL'LIOI
[amlig'uum, Sibth. & Sm.]
excluded
AMPELOPBA'SUM,
Linn 1530 & 1531
Sm 1530
var.Babiugto'nLjjS'jfme 1531
buibif'erum, Syme
annu'rium, Sm 153S
Linn 1532
Babinijton'ii, Borrer 1531
[carina'tum, Linn.] (ex-
cluded)
Sm 1536
compac'tum, Tliuill
complana'tum, Bor 153G
Deseglis'ii, Bor 1533
eu-Sehcenopra'sum, Syme 1537
folio'sum, Clair 1538
Bal'leri, Bab 1531
[Moly, Linn.] (excluded)
[ni'grnm, Linn.] (excluded
OLEBA'CEUM, Linn.
1535 & 1536
, Sm 1535
var. angusti/o'lium,
Koch 1535
var. complana'tum,
Fries 1536
[paradox'um, Don] (exclu-
ded)
[ro'seum, Linn.] (excluded)
SGH<ENOPBA*SUM,
Koch 1537 & 1538
Liun 1537
var. a, Bab 1537
var. alpi'num, Gaud. 1538
\SLT.Sihir'icum, Hook.
& Am 1538
- SCOBDOPBA'SUM, Linn. 1532
Sibir'icum, Liun 1538
|
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ix. |
212
212
227 227
214 215 215 216
216 207 210
224
ENGLISH BOTANY.
TLATE PAGE
AL'LIUM
SPHiEROCEPH'ALON,
Linn 1533 208
TRIQUE'TRUM, Linn.... 1539 217
UBSTNUM, Linn 1510 218
YINEA'LE, Linn 1531 210
var. bulbif'erum,
Syme 1531 210
var. capsulif'erum,
Syme 210
var. conipac'turu,
Syme 210
ALLOSO'EUS
aquili'nus, Presl 18S6 145
cris'pus, Bernhardt 1841 44
All-seed, Four-leaved 25S 134
AL'NTJS
GLUTINO'SA, Gdrtn. ... 1294 ITS
var. inci'sa, Syme 179
Aloebliittrige Krebsscheere (Ger.) 81
ALOPECU'EUS
AGEESTIS, Linn 1699 22
ALPI'XUS, Sm 1704 28
var. Watso'ni, Syme 29
bulbo'sus, Linn 1702 26
ful'vus, Sm 1700 23
genicula'tus, Linn 1701 25
■ hyb'ridus, Wimmer 26
monspelien'sis, Linn 1713 40
PALUS'TRIS, Syme
1700-1702 23
■ pa'niceus, Lam 1713 40
PRATEN'SIS, Linn 1703 27
praten'sis-genicula'tus, Wichura 26
pr&nus, Mitten 26
Alpen Hornkraut (Ger.) 86
Pfennigkraut (Ger.) 205
Alsike Clover 361 51
ALSINAN'THE
ttrieft a, Reich 244 115
ALSI'NE
CHEELE'RIA, Fenzl. ... 240 10S
FASTIGIA'TA, Bab. 243 (bis) 114
hyb'rida, Vill 113
Jacqui'ni, Koch 213 {bis) 114
lax'a, Jord 113
me'dia, Linn 229 93
peploi'des, Syme 239 106
RUBEL'LA, WaU 242 111
s/nV7u, "Wakl 244 115
TENUIFO'LIA, Crantz... 243 112
Bor 243 112
var. hyb'rida, Syme 113
— — var. lax'a, Syme 113
■ var. viseo'sa, Bab 113
ULIGINO'SA, ViU 244 115
VER'NA, Bart 211 109
var. Gerar'di, Symi 110
?— var. glacia'lis, Led. -J.-&1 111
ix.
xii. xii.
vm. viii.
XI.
xi.
xi.
PLATE TAGE VOL.
ALSI'NE
visco'sa, Schreb 114 ii.
Alsine a feuiUes menues (Fr.) 114 ii.
de Jaquin (Kr.) ' 115 ii.
printaniere (Fr.) 110 ii.
ALTERA
HIRSU'TA, Linn 277 102 ii.
OFFICINALIS, L»m. ... 278 163 ii.
Alysson a calices persistans (Fr.) 197 i.
maritime (Ft.) 198 i.
ALYS'SUM
CALYCrNUM,£»»n 139 196 i.
[inca'num, Linn.'], excluded 224 i.
MARIT'DIUM, Lamarck 140 197 i.
sati'vum, Srn 141 199 i.
Alyssum, Calycine 139 197 i.
Seaside ....; 140 198 i.
Sweet 140 19S i.
Amaranth, Wild 1177 lt)3 vii.
Amaranthe blette (Fr.) 185 vii.
AMAEANTHUS. See AMAEAN'TUS. AMAEAN'TUS
BLITOI, Linn 1177 184 vii.
[retroflex'us, Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 185 vii.
American Cress 124 176 i.
Americanischer Kresse (Ger.) 176 i.
AMESIUM
German' icum, Newm 1881 136 xii.
Ru'ta-mura'ria, Newm. ... 1880 135 xii.
septeniriona'le, Newm 1882 138 xii.
Amethystfarbene Sommerwurz (( Jer.)... 200 vi. AM'MI
[ma'jus, Linn.] (excluded) 179 iv.
A3IMOPU1LA
arena'ria, Link 1722 51 xi.
arundina'cea, Host 1722 51 xi.
Ampferbldttriger Knoterich (Ger.) 77 viii.
ANACAMP'TIS
pyramida'lis, Rich 1449 91 ix.
ANACLTAEIS
Alsinas'trum. Bab 1446 SI ix.
Canadensis. Planch 1446 SI ix.
Nuttal'lii, Planch 1446 SI ix.
ANACYCLUS
[radia'tus. Pers.] (excluded j 216 v.
ANAGAL'LIS
ARYEN'SIS, Linn. 1146 & 1147 150 vii.
Sm 1146 150 vii.
var. csernlea, Syme... 1147 151 vii.
var. phceni'cia, Syme 1146 150 vii.
cseru'lea, Sm 1147 151 vii.
phceni'cea, Lam 1146 150 vii.
TENEL'LA, Linn 1148 152 vii.
ANCHU'SA
ARVEN'SIS, M. Bieb. ...1111 109 vii.
OFFICINA'LIS, Linn. ... 1112 110 vii.
SEMPEBVTBENS, Linn. 1113 111 vii.
INDEX.
225
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Anrolie(Fi:) Cl L
ANDROMEDA
ca-ru'lea, Linn 8SG 34 vi.
Dahoe'cia. Linn 885 33 vi.
POLIFO'LIA. Linn 883 30 vi.
Andromede a feuUlea de Folium
(Ft.) 31 vi.
AXDBOSJEAIUM
fw'tidum, Spach 2GG 146 ii.
offidna'le, All 264 143 ii.
parvijlo'rum, '• Spach,"
Hook. & Am 2G5 145 ii.
Androseme officinale (Ft.) 144 ii.
ANEMAGBOS'TIS
intetrup'ta, Trin 171G 44 xi.
Spi'ca-ven'ti, Trin. 1715 43 xi.
ANEMO'NE
APENNTNA, Linn 10 12
NEMORO'SA, Linn 11 12
PULSATILLA. Linn. ... 9 10
KAXUXCULOI'DES,
Linn 12 13
Anemone 9 H
Blue 10 12
Crowfoot Wood 12 13
Wood 11 13
Yellow Wood 12 13
Anemone (Ft.) 11
ANE'THUM
Fosnic'ulum, Linn G01 133 iv.
ANGELICA
A It CI I ANGELICA,
Linn G08 14G iv.
Garden 608 147 iv.
■ BYLVES'tRK, Linn. ... GUT 145 iv.
Wild G07 145 iv.
Angelique officinale (Ft.) 147 iv.
sauvage (Fr.) 145 iv.
Anise 58G 11G iv.
Anserine a f entiles defiguier (Ft) 16 viii.
Argentine (Ft.) 150 iii.
blanche (Fr.) 15 viii.
Ion Henri (Fr.) 25 viii.
hot ride (Ft.) 21 viii.
derille(VT) 20 viii.
des murs (Ft.) 17 viii.
htidc (Fr.) 13 viii.
glauqne (Fr.) 24 viii.
hybride (Fr.) IS viii.
polysperme (Fr.) 12 viii.
rougedtre (Ft.) 23 viii.
AXTENNA'BIA
dioi'ca, Giirtn 747 & 748 7S v.
hyperbo'reu, D. Don 748 78 v.
margarita'cea, R. Br 74G 77 v.
ANTIIEMIS
An'glica, Spi 722 51 v.
ARVEN'SIS, Linn. 721^722 50 v.
PLATE TACK
AN'THEMIS
arven'sis, Sin 721 51
COTTJLA, Linn 720 49
marit'ima, Sm 722 51
XO'BILIS. Linn 724 53
TIXCTO'RIA, Linn 723 52
ANTKEKIGUM
bi'color, Deaf. 1541 220
calycula'tum, Linn 1543 223
Ossifragum, Linn 1542 222
planifo'lium, Linn 1541 220
ttrot'inum, Linn 1521 192
ANTHOXANTHUM
odora'tum, Dum 1G0G 17
ODORA'TUM, Linn. ... 1696 17
var. viLlo'sum, Syme 17
rillo'sum, Dum 17
ANTHBIS'CUS
aborti'vus, Jord 16S
Cerefo'lium, Hoffm 623 167
sylves'tris, ~H.offm 624 168
mdga'rvs, Pera 622 166
Anthyllide vulnt'raire (Fr.) 20
ANTHYL'LIS
Dfflen'ii, Sclmltz 20
VULXERA'KIA, Linn.... 333
Bor 333
var. Dilkn'ii, Syme.
var. vulga'riSj Syme
ANTIRRHINUM
Cymbala'ria, Linn
Elat'ine, Linn
Lina'ria, Linn 962-964
Lina'ria, Pelo'ria 963
MA'JUS. Linn 953
nn'nMS.Linn 966
Monspessula'num, Linn
ORON'TIUM, Linn 954
Pelisseria'num, Linn 959
purpu'reum, Linn 960
re' pens, Linn 961
spu'rium, Sin 957
supi'num, Linn 95S
AP ALAN' THE
Schiceinit'zii, Planch 1446
APAB'GIA
autumna'lis, Willd. ... 794 & 795
his'pida, WiUd 793
APE'BA
interrup'ta, P. de B 1716
Spi'ca-ven'ti, V. de B 1715
APLTANES
arven'sis, Linn 422
ATIUM
GRAV'EOLBNS, Linn.... 572
inunda'tum, Reich, til 575
nodijlo'rum, Reich, lil 573
PetroseU'num, Linn 576
oo3
955 956
19 19
20 19
133 134 140 142 130 143 139 131 138 138 139 135 137
SI
131 133
44 43
136
9S 102
100 -1U3
iv. iv. iii.
in. iii.
vi. vi. vi. vi.
22G
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAOE
AP'IUM
re'pens, Reich, fil 574 100
APORAN'THUS
Trifolias'trum, Blomf. 345 34
Apple, Crab 489 255
Wild 490 25G
AQUILE'GIA
VULGA'RIS, Linn 46 60
Arabette (Fr.) 163
avelue(Fr.) 106
de Thalle (Fr.) 164
des picrres (Fr.) 165
ARABIS
Allio'nii, DC 168
aroua'ta, ShutU 168
cilia'ta, R. Brown 117 166
var. bis'pida, Syme 167
Crantzia'na, Fhvh.? 113 164
Gerar'di, Bess 168
glabre(Ft.) 170
HIRSU'TA, Syme ...116 & 117 166
Auct. Angl 116 167
his'pida. Linu. fil 113 164
PERFOLIA'TA, Lamarck 119 169
PETR.E'A, Lamarck 113 164
Reichenbach'ii, Syme 168
aagitta'ta, DC. 116 167
var. glabra'ta, Syme 168
STRIC'TA, Huils 114 165
THALIA'NA, Linn 115 163
Tourrette (Fr.) 169
TURRI'TA, Linn 118 169
Arabischer Schneckenklee (Ger.) 28
Arbousier Busserole (Fr.) 28
des Alpes (Ft.) 27
Fraisier (Ger.) 29
Arbutus St2 29
AR'BUTUS
alpi'na, Lirm SS0 26
UXE'DO, Linn 882 28
U'vcMtr'si, Linn 881 27
Archangel, Yellow 1087 77
ABCHANGEL'ICA
officinalis, Uoffm 60S 146
ARCTIUM
eu-mi'uus, Syme 702 26
interme'dium, Lange 700 25
Bab 701 25
Lap' pit, Linn, var. a, Hook.
&Arn 699 23
Linn. var. fi, Hook.
& Am 7U0-702 24
MA'JUS, Schkuhr 699 23
MI'NUS, Schkuhr 700-702 24
Bab 702 26
nemoro'sum, Lej 701 25
pu'bens, Bab 700 25
tomento'sum, Bab 699 23
[ Pers.] (excluded) 215
in. iii.
m. vi. vi.
vi.
vi.
PLATE PA> E VOL.
ARCTOSTAPH'YLOS
ALPI'NA, Spreng 8S0 26 vi.
— - U'VA-UR'SI, Wimm 881 27 vi.
AUEMONIA
[agrimonioi'des, DC] (ex-
cluded) 260 iii.
ARENA'RIA
CILIA'TA, Linn 238 104 ii.
var. Benth 237 1<>4 ii.
fastigia'ta, Sm 243 (pis) 114 ii.
fascicula'ta, Jacq 243 (bis) 114 ii.
leptocia'dos, Guss 236 K>2 ii.
Lloyd'ii, Jord 103 ii.
mari'na,Sm 257 131 ii.
. Roth 255 129 ii.
margina'ta, DC 257 131 ii.
me'dia, Linn 257 131 ii.
NORYEGTCA, Gunn. ... 237 104 ii.
peploi'des, Linn 239 106 ii.
quadrival'vis, R. Brown ... 242 111 ii.
rubra, Linn 254 129 ii.
Sm.,E.B.ed.i.i ... 255 129 ii.
rubella. Hook 242 111 ii.
SERPYLLIFO'LIA,
Linn 235 & 230 102 ii.
Auct. PI 235 102 ii.
Ten 236 102 ii.
var. glutiuo'sa, Koch 103 ii.
xar. leptocia'dos, Reich. 236 102 ii.
var. spha;rocar'pa,
Syme 235 102 ii.
var. tenui'or, Kuch... 236 102 ii.
sphxrocar'pa, Teu 235 102 ii.
tenuifo'lia, Linu 243 112 ii.
TEINEB'VIS, Linn 234 101 ii.
ulitjiuo'sa, Schlecht 244 115 ii.
ver'na, Hook. & Arn 241 109 ii.
var., Benth 242 111 ii.
var. glacia'lis, Ledeb. 242 111 ii.
Argousier faux nerprun (Fr.) 83 viii.
Aristoloche clematis (Fr.) 92 viii.
ARISTOLO'CHIA
CLEMATI'TIS, Linn. ... 1250 91 viii.
Armbluthige Simse (Ger.) 55 x.
ARMERIA
alpi'na, WiUd 158 vii.
elouga'ta, Uoffm 158 vii.
marit 'ima, Willd 1152 157 vii.
PLANTAGIX'EA, Willd. 1154 159 vii.
sa&ufo'sa, Jord 1154 159 vii.
vulga'ri - plantagiu'ea, (?)
Syme 1155 159 vii.
VTJLGArRI8,Benth. 1152 & 1153 157 vii.
■ var. marit'iina, Syme 1152 157 vii.
var. planifo'lia, Syme 1153 157 vii.
var. pubes'ceits, Reich.
fil. (?) 1153 157 vii.
Armerie a feuilles de Plantain (Ft.) ... 159 vii. gazon FOlympe (Fr.) 158 vii.
INDEX.
227
PLATE TAGr. VOL.
Armoise Absinthe (Fr.) G2 v.
commune (Fr.) 63 v.
des champs (Ft.) G5 v.
maritime (Fr.) 66 v.
ABMOBA'CIA
amphih'ia, "Koch" 128 181 i.
rwtica'na,"Yl. derWett." 129 1S3 i.
ARNOS'ERIS
rUSIL'LA, Gartn 78S 127 v.
Arrhenathere (levee. (Fr.) 83 xi.
A BB HEN A TH'EB UM
arena'ceum, P. de B 1712 81 xi.
bvJbo'swm, Presl 82 xi.
ela'tius, M. &K 1742 81 xi.
ela'tius, Presl 1742 82 xi.
Arroche des rivages (Ft.) 28 viii.
en fer dc lance (Fr.) 32 viii.
■ — etalee (Fr.) 30 viii.
laciniee (Fr.) 36 viii.
pendonculee (Fr.) 38 viii.
pompier (Fr.) 37 viii.
Arrowgrass, Marsh 1433 65 ix.
Sea-side 1434 66 ix.
Arrowhead, Common 1436 69 ix.
ARTEMISIA
ABSINTHIUM, Linn. ... 731 61 v.
cxrules'cens, Linn. (excluded) ... 216 v.
CAMPES'TRIS, Linn. ... 733 64 v.
Gal'lica, Willd 735 66 v.
MARIT'IMA, Linn. 734 & 735 65 v.
. Sm 734 65 v.
var. gal'lica, Syme ... 735 66 v.
sali'na, Willd 734 65 v.
VULGA'RIS, Iwnra 732 63 v.
ABTHBOLO'BIUM
ebraetsa'tum, DC 279 78 iii.
A' RUM
ITALIC UM, Mill 1393 15 ix.
MACULA'TUM, Linn. ... 1392 13 ix.
ABUN'DO
arcna'ria, Linn 1722 51 xi.
Cidamagros'tis, Linn 1724 54 xi.
colora'la, Willd 1697 19 xi.
Epige'ios. Linn 1723 53 xi.
epige ios (Fr.) 54 xi.
neglec'ta, Ehrh 1725 55 xi.
nig'ricans, Merat 58 xi.
1'ltragmi'tes, Linn 1727 58 xi.
Merat 1727 58 xi.
rseu'do-phragmi'tes, Lej 5S xi.
stric'ta, Schrad 1725 55 xi.
Asarabacca 1249 90 viii.
Asaret d' Europe (Ft.) 90 viii.
AS'ARUM
EUROPIUM, Linn. ... 1249 90 viii.
Ash, Drooping 59 vi.
Mountain 486 248 iii.
Mountain, Bastard 485 247 iii.
Shrew ' 902 58 vi.
ri.ATF. TAOF. VOL.
Ash, Taller or Common ... 902 & 903 56 vi.
Asparagus 1515 183 ix.
ASPARAGUS
OFFICINALIS, Linn 1S2 ix.
var. campes'lris, Syme 182 ix.
marit'imns, Syme 1515 182 ix.
prostra'tus, Du Mort. ? ...1515 182 ix.
Aspen 1301 197 viii.
Asperge officinale (Ft.) 1S3 ix.
ASPERU'GO
PROCUM'BENS, Linn. 1120 120 vii.
ASPER'ULA
ARVEN'SIS, Linn. ... 662 (Ms) 230 iv.
CYNAN'CHICA, Linn.... 661 229 iv.
ODORA'TA, Linn 660 228 iv.
TAURI'NA, Linn 662 229 iv.
Asperule a trois nervures (Ft.) 230 iv.
des champs (Fr.) 231 iv.
des sahles (Fr.) 229 iv.
odorante (Fr.) 228 iv.
Asphodel, Lancashire 1542 222 ix.
Scottish 1543 224 ix.
ASPID'IUM
abbrc via' turn, Poiret 61 xii.
aculea'tum, Milde 1861 95 xii.
Sm 93 xii.
Willd 1860 92 xii.
var. aculea'tum, Hook.
& Bak 93 xii.
var. angula're, Gren.
&Godr 1861 95 xii.
loba'tum, Hook. &
Bak I860 93 xii.
var. ridga're, Doll. ... 1860 92 xii.
adna'tum, Blume 60 xii.
ic'mulum, Swart z 1858 88 xii.
affi'ne, Fischer & Meyer 59 xii.
alpes'tre, Schkuhr 1870 & 1871 112 xii.
alpi'num, Swartz 1806 104 xii.
angula're, Willd 1S61 95 xii.
Braun'u,-Milde 97 xii.
crini'tum, Martins & Ga-
leotti 60 xii.
crista' turn, Milde 1853 70 xii.
Swartz 1853 70 xii.
var. spinido'sum,
Hook. & Am 1855 77 xii.
var. uligino'sum,
Milde 1S54 73 xii.
dilata'tum, var. reeur'vum,
Bree 1S58 SS xii.
Swartz 1857 82 xii.
Donnia'num, Spreng 59 xii.
dumeto'rum, Sm S4 xii.
Fi'lix-fai'mina, Swartz ... 1869 108 xii.
Fi'lix-mas, Swartz 1850 57 xii.
" Filix-mas,vai. eloneja'tum,
Hook." 1852 G7 xii.
228
ENGLISH BOTANY.
TLATE TAGE VOL.
ASPID'IUM
Filix-mas, var. glandulo'-
sum, Milde Gl xii.
var. recur'vum, Francis GO xii.
fonta'num, Swartz 1872 117 xii.
fra'grans, Gray 1851 65 xii.
loba'tum, Schkuhr 1860 92 xii.
Smith 1860 93 xii.
Lonchi'tis, Swartz 1859 90 xii.
monla'num, Ascherson ... 1849 54 xii.
Swartz 1868 106 xii.
Oreop'teris, Swartz 1849 54 xii.
palea'ceum, Don 59 xii.
parallelogra'mum, Kunze 60 xii.
2xitentis'simum, Don 59 xii.
recur'vum, Bree 1858 88 xii.
remo'tum, A. Braun 1852 67 xii.
Bhx'ticum, Swartz 1871 & 1872 112 xii.
rig'idwm, var. remo'tum,
A. Braun 1852 67 xii.
Swartz 1851 65 xii.
rufid'ulum, Swartz 1862 98 xii.
var. a, Fries 1855 77 xii.
spinulo'sum, Swartz 1855 77 xii.
x crista'tum, Milde 1854 73 xii.
vi.r. dilata'tum, Fries 1857 82 xii.
var. 7, Hook. & Arn. 1858 88 xii.
var. eleva'tum, A.
Braun 1855 78 xii.
var. exaltu'tum, Lasch 78 xii.
var. multiflo'rum,
Hook. & Arn 1S57 82 xii.
Thelyp'teris, Schwartz 1848 52 xii.
WaUichia'num, Spreng 59 xii.
ASPLE'NIUM
acu'tum, " Bory, MS." 1875 123 xii.
ADIANTUM-NI'GKUM,
Linn 1S74 & 1875 121 xii.
var. acu'tum, roll. ... 1875 123 xii.
var. obtusa'tum, Moore 122 xii.
var. obtu'sum, Kit. &
Milde 122 xii.
var. obtu'sum, Moore 123 xii.
var. serpenti'ni, Koch 123 xii.
var. Virgil'ii, Heufl. 1875 123 xii.
alternifo'lium, Wulf. 1881 136 xii.
alpes'tre, Mettenius 1870 & 1871 112 xii.
Rabenh 1870 113 xii
Brey'nii, Retz 1181 130 xii.
Ce'tcrach, Linn 1S83 139 xii.
CLFRMONTiE, Syme ... 1S79 132 xii.
[ebene'um, Ait.'] (excluded) 148 xii.
Fi'lix-fce'mina, Bernb 1869 108 xii.
FONTA'NUM, Bernh. ...1872 117 xii.
[ Milde] (excluded) 148 xii.
var. angusta'tuni, Koch ... 119 xii.
pedicularifo'lium, Koch ... 119 xii.
GEiniANTCUM, Weiss. 1S81 130 xii.
Hal'leri, Spreng 1872 117 xii.
LANCEOLA'TL'M, Rials. 1873 119 xii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
ASPLE'NIUM
lanceola'turu, var. mi'crodon,
Moore 120 xii.
obova'tum, Grcn. & Godr. 120 xii.
MARI'NUM, Linn 1870 127 xii.
var. acu'tum, Moore 128 xii.
var. mi'crodon, Moore 1873 120 xii.
mura'le, Bernh 1880 135 xii.
obova'tum, Viviani 120 xii.
obtu'sum, Kit. & Milde 122 xii.
Presl 123 xii.
Onop'teris, var. acu'tum,
Milde 1875 123 xii.
Petrar'c\h~\x, Newm 1879 132 xii.
produc'tum, Lowe 1875 123 xii.
[refrac'tum, Moore] (excl.) 148 xii.
Ru'ta-mura'ria, var. cunea'-
tum,Tsloove 18S0 136 xii.
RU'TA-MURA'RIA, Linn. 1880 135 xii.
var. ela'tum, Lang 135 xii.
Scolopen'drium,lAx\x\ 1884 141 xii.
SEPTENTRIONA'LE,
Hull 1882 138 xii.
Serpenti'ni, Tausch 123 xii.
TRICHOM'ANES, Linn. 1878 131 xii.
var. an'ceps, Soland 131 xii.
pseu'do-german'icum,
Heufler 136 xii.
Virgil'ii, Guss 1875 123 xii.
VIRTDE, Buds 1877 129 xii.
ASPBEL'LA
oryzoi'des, Lam 1686 2 xi.
AS'TER
[bruma'lis, Nees] (excluded) 217 v.
des Lieux Sales (Fr.) Ill v.
[leucan'themos, Des/.'] (ex-
cluded) 217 v.
LINOSY'RIS, Bernh 777 112 v.
[No'vi-bel'gii, Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 217 v.
Sea-side 776 111 v.
TRIPOLIUM, Linn 776 110 v.
var. discoi'deus, Syme 770 111 v.
ASTEBOCEPH 'AL US
columba'rius, Reich 678 251 iv.
Ast ige Ingelsholbe (Ger.) 6 ix.
Astiger Sommericurz (Ger.) 191 vi.
Astragale hypoglotte (Fr.) 75 iii.
reglisse (Fr.) 76 iii.
ASTBAG'ALUS
ALPI'NUS, Linn 375 73 iii.
campes'iris, Linn 374 72 iii.
- GLYCYPHYL'LUS, Linn. 377 75 iii.
HYPOGLOT'TIS, Linn. 376 74 iii.
uraleu' sis, Linn 373 71 iii.
Astrana a grandes feuilles (Fr.) 92 iv.
ASTEANTIA
Greater 567 92 iv.
MA'JOll, Linn 567 91 iv.
INDEX.
229
PLATE TAGE
ATEAMAN'TA
Libano'tis, Sm 602 137
Me'um, Linn 605 HI
AT HAN A SI A
marit'ima, Linn 725 oo
ATHYKTUM
ALPES'TRE, Milde
1870 & 1871 112
var. flex' He, Milde ... 1871 115
var. obtusa'tum, Syme 114
convex'um,'Sev?m 109
— — eu-alpes'tre, Syme 1870 113
FI'LIX-FCE'MINA, Roth 1869 108
var. alla'tum, Moore Ill
var. confiu'ens, Moore Ill
var. dissec'tum, Wall Ill
var. erec'tum, Syme 109
— — var. latifo'lium, Bab Ill
var. mari'num, Moore Ill
var. mol'le, Moore HI
var. plumo'sum, Moore Ill
var. Watso'ni, Syme... 1S69 110
&ex'ile, Syme 1871 115
fonta'num, Both 1872 117
' Halle' ri, Roth 1872 117
inci'sum, "Roth " 110
mol'le, Roth HI
Bhse'ticum, " Roth " 109
AT'EIPLEX
angustifo'lia, Sin 1202 29
ARENA'RIA, Woods 1207 34
BABINGTO'NII, Woods 1206 33
calothe'ca, Fries 33
crassifo'lia, Fries 1206 33
Gren. and Godr 1207 34
deltoid'ea, Bab 1204 31
var. triangula'ris, Bab 31
erec'ta, Auct 29
Sm 1203 29
HASTA'TA, Linn. 1204 & 1205 31
Huds 1205 32
[horten'sis, Linn.] (excluded) ... 39
lacinia'ta, Sm 1207 34
lati/o'lia, Wahl. ... 1204 & 1205 31
LLTTORA'LIS, Wahl.
1200 & 1201 26
lUtora'lis, Linn 1200 27
var. mari'na, Linn. ... 1201 27
var. serra'ta, Moq.-
Tand 1201 27
mari'na, Linn 1201 27
[ni'tens, Beb.'] (excluded) 39
pat'ula,Sm 1205 32
PAT'ULA, Wahl. 1202 & 1203 29
var. angustifo'lia, Syme.
1202 29
var. erec'ta, Syme 1203 29
var. 7, Sin 1206 33
var. murica'ta, 'Led.' 1203 29
vol. xir.
xu. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii.
viii. viii.
viii.
viii. viii. viii. viii.
viii.
viii. viii. viii. viii.
2
|
34 |
viii |
|
33 |
viii |
|
27 |
viii |
|
32 |
viii |
PLATE PAGE VOL.
AT'EIPLEX
pat 'ula, var. serra'ta, Syme 29 viii.
PEDUNCULA'TA, Linn. 1209 37 viii.
PORTULACOI'DES,
Linn 1208 36 viii.
prostra'ta, Bab. (olim) 31 viii.
ro'sea, Bentli 1207
Bab. (olim) 1206
serra'ta, Huds 1201
Smith'ii, Syme 1205
triangula'ris,1 Willd.' 31 viii.
AT'EOPA
BELLADON'NA, Linn. 934 100 vi.
Aubepine a style (Fr.) 238 iii.
Aufgeblasener Taubenkropf (Gex.) 57 ii.
Aufrechte Monetae (Ger.) 77 ii.
2Vespe(Ger.) 160 xi.
Aunee charnue (Fr.) 101 v.
commune (Fr.) 191 v.
dyssenterique (Fr.) 103 v.
officinale (Fr.) 98 v.
rude (Fr.) 99 v.
Ausdauender Lein (Ger.) 183 n.
Ausdauerndes Bingelkraut (Ger.) 115 viii.
Knauel (Gei:) 183 vii.
Ausgebreitete Gloclcenblume (Ger.) 16 vi.
Melde (Ger.) 30 viii.
Ausgebreitetes Glaskraut (Ger.) 126 viii.
Ausgedehnte Segge (Ger.) 156 x.
AVE'NA
alpi'na, Kunth 1739 76 xi.
bromoi'des, Linn 77 xi-
bulbo'sa, Willd 82 xi.
caryophyl'lea, "Wigg 1734 69 xi.
ELATIOR, Linn 1742 81 xi.
Willd 1742 82 xi.
var. nodo'sum, Beich 82
FATTJA, Linn 1741 79
var. mterme'dia, Syme 79
var. pilosis'sima, Gray 79
FLAVBS'OENS, Linn.... 1736 73
flexuo'sa, M. & K 1732 67
liyb'rida, Peterm 79
interme'dia, Lindg 79
lana'ta, Kol 1744 84
mol'lis,Kol 1743 83
orienta'lis, Schreb 78
[planicul'mis, Schrad.']
(excluded) 200
planicul'mis, Sm 1739 th
prse'cox, P. de B 1735 71
PRATEN'SIS, Linn.
1738 & 1739 75
Sm 1738 76
var. alpi'na, Syme ... 1739 76
PUBES'CENS, Linn 1737 71
STRIGO'SA, Schreb 1740 77
[subspica'ta, Linlc] (ex-
cluded) 200
U
xi. xi. xi.
xi. xi. xi.
230
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
AVENEL'LA
flexuo'8a,¥arl 1732 67 si.
A vens, Intermediate 458 199 iii.
Mountain 460 201 iii.
"Water 459 200 iii.
Wood 457 198 iii.
Amine culticee (Fr.) 74 xi.
ties pres (Fr.) 77 xi.
foJlette (Fr.) 80 xi.
pulteecente (Fr.) 75 xi.
rude (Ft.) 78 xi.
Awl wort, Water 143 201 i.
AZALEA
proeum'bens, Linn 884 32 vi.
Trailing 884 32 vi.
Azale'e couchee (Fr.) 32 vi.
Bachbunge (Ger.) 170 vi.
Bach Montie (Ger.) 137 ii.
Netkeavntrz (Ger.) 200 iii.
BfiOTHRY'ON
cxspito'sum, Dietr 1590 55 x.
na'num, Dietr 1591 56 x.
pauciJJo'rum, Dietr 15S9 54 x.
BALDEL'LIA
ranunculoi'des, Pari. 1439 k 1440 71 ix.
BALDIN'GEBA
arundina'cea. Dura 1697 19 xi.
colora'ta, Fl. Wett 1697 19 xi.
Baldingere ', colore e (Fr.) 20 xi.
Bald-Money 605 141 iv.
BALLO'TA
fae'tida, Lam 1065 52 vii.
NI'GRA, Linn. ... 1065 & 1066 52 vii.
var. foe'tida, Koch ... 1065 52 vii.
var. rudera'lis, Koch 1066 52 vii.
rudera'lis, Svensk. Bot. ... 1066 52 vii.
Ballotte noire (Fr.) 53 vii.
Balm, Bastard 1062 & 1063 50 vii.
Common 1053 38 vii.
leaved Figwort 950 125 vi.
Balsam, Orange 314 218 ii.
Small 315 218 ii.
Yellow 313 217 ii.
Bahamine jaune (Fr.) 217 ii.
Baltische Binse (Ger.) 27 x.
Baneberry 49 67 i.
BARBAE E' A
areua'ta, Reich 121 172
eu-vulga'ris, Syme 120 171
interme'dia, Boreau 123 174
parviflo'ra, Fries 122 173
paifula, Fries 124 17.5
PRJE'COX, B. Broicn ... 124 175
Fries 121 172
stric'ta. Andrz 122 173
VULGATES, li. Br. ... 120-123 171
Auct. Plur 120 171
PLATE PAGE
Barlaree a Siliques elale'es (Fr.) 171
precoce (Fr.) 176
Barbenhraut (Ger.) 171
Barberry, Common 51 72
Bar darie {Ft.) 25
commune (Fr.) 24
Barenlauch (Ger.) 219
Bdrtntraube (Ger.) 27,29
BABKHAUS'IA
faz'tida, DC 815
seto'sa.'DC 817
taraxacifo'lia, DC 816
Barley, Meadow 1S21
Sea 1813
Wall 1812
Wood 1820
Barren Strawberry 427
Barrenwort, Alpine 52
BABT'SIA
ALPI'NA, Linn
Alpine
ODONTITES, Huds
var. rotunda'ta, Syme
var. sero'tina, Syme ...
var. vulga'ris, Syme...
Red
VISCO'SA, Limn
Yellow
Bartsie des Alpes (Fr.)
rouge (Fr.)
visqueuse (Fr.)
995 995 993
993 993 994
994
Base Rocket 162
Basil Tbvme 104S
Wild 1047
Basket-Osier, Fine, var. £ 1321
Bastard Balm 1062 & 1063
Cress, Per foliate-leaved 145
Klee (Ger.)
Mountain Asli 485
Pimpernel 1149
Toadflax 1248
BATBA'CHIUM
eireina'tum, Fries 15
heterophyl'lum, Fries 19
pelta'tum, Fries 17 & 18
Bauernsenf (Ger.)
Bay, Rose 495 & 496
Bay-leaved Willow 1303
Beam, White, Common 482
Lobed-leaved 4^4
Rock 483
Bearberry, Alpine 880
Common 881
Beard-grass, Annual 1713
Perennial 1714
Bear's-foot 45
BEC'CHIA
al'bida, Tail
157 159 15S 194
197 195 193 144 74
177 177 174 174 174 174 175 176 176 177 175 176 3
32
32 222
50 204
54 247 154
88
16
21
19
20S
10
203
244
247
245
27
28
41
42
59
xi. xi. xi.
xi.
vi. vi.
ii.
vii.
vii.
viii.
vii.
i.
iii.
iii.
vii.
viii.
iv. viii.
1161 103 ix.
INDEX.
231
IV.
is.
viii.
xii.
ii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Bedford Willow 1308 20S viii.
Bedstraw, Common Great 650 218 iv.
Cross-leaved 646 213 iv.
Diffuse GiS (bis) 216 iv.
Heath 651 219 iv.
Hispid-fruited, Corn 657 225 iv.
Marsh 653 & 654 222 iv.
Mountain 652 220 iv.
Narrow-leaved, Great 649 217 iv.
var. 7
649 (bis) 217 iv.
KoughCorn 659 227 iv.
Rough Marsh 655 223 iv.
Slender, var. $ 652 221 iv.
Wall 656 224 iv.
■ Yellow 628 215
Bee Orchis 1467 111
Beech, Common 1291 165
Fern 1847 50
Beerentragender Hiihntrbiss (Ger.) ... 55
Beet, Sea 11S4 9 viii.
Behaarte Fahniciclce (Ger.) 73 iii.
Platterbee (Ger.) 104 iii.
Behaarter Ginst (Ger.) 9 iii.
Marbd (Ger.) 6 x.
Belladonna 934 100 vi.
Belladonne vene'neuse (Fr.) 100 vi.
Bell-flower, Clustered 866 8 vi.
Creeping 869 12 vi.
Giant 868 11 vi.
Hare-bell S70 13 vi.
Ivy-leaved S75 19 vi.
Nettle-leaved S67 9 vi.
Peach-leaved 871 14 vi.
Rampion 872 15 vi.
Spreading 873 16 vi.
BEL'LIS
PEREN'NIS, Linn 772 104 v.
Bennet, Herb 629 174 iv.
Benoite commune (Fr.) 198 iii.
des ruisseaux (Fr.) 200 iii.
inttrme'diaire (Fr.) 199 iii.
Bent-grass, Bristle-leaved 1717 46 xi.
Brown 1718 47 xi.
Common 1721 50 xi.
Dense-flowered Silky 1716 45 xi.
Marsh 1719 & 1720 4S xi.
Spreading Silky ... 1715 44 xi.
BERBERIS
VULGA'RIS, Linn 51 71 i.
Berce Bruneursine (Fr) 154 iv.
Berg Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 167 vi.
Harthen (Ger.) 159 ii.
Hundzunge (Ger.) 120 vii.
Jasione (Ger.) 5 vi.
Platterbse (Ger.) Ill iii.
Schotenwe iderich (Ger.) 13 iv.
Segge (Ger.) 126 x.
B.rgamot Mint' 1029 13 vii.
Berle a feuilles e'troites (Fr.) largcs feuilles (Fr.) ..
Bertram Garbe (Ger.)
Berufte Fettkenne (Ger.)
BEB'ULA
angustifo'lia, Koch 5S8
Besenartige Ffrienen (Ger.)
BETA
MARIT'IMA, Linn 1184
vulgaris, var. ma r it' i ma,
Moq.-Tand. 11S4 Bet'dubender Kalberhropf (Ger.)
BETONICA
officinalis, Linn 1067
Betony, Common Water 947
Ebrhart's Water 948
Wood 1067
Bette maritime (Fr.)
BETTJLA
AL'BA, Linn 1295 & 1296
Koch 1295
Reich 1296
var. a, Hook. & Arn. 1295
var. p, Hook. & Arn. 1296
Al'nus, Linn 1294
carpat'ica, Walds. & Kit
glutino'sa, Fries 1296
Wallr 1296
var. denuda'ta, Gr. &
Godr
var. pubes'cens, Syme
[interme'dia, Thomas] (excluded)
lacinia'ta, Wahl
NANA, Linn 1297
odora'ta, Bech 1295
pen'dula, Roth
pubes'cens. Ehrh 1296
Wallr
verrucosa, Ehrh 1295
BIDENS
CER'NUA, Lt'nn 763
var. discoid'ea, Syme
var. radia'ta, Syme
TRIPARTITA, Linn. ... 764
Bident penche (Fr)
trefolie (Fr.)
|
TAGE |
VOL. |
|
119 |
iv. |
|
US |
iv. |
|
60 |
v. |
|
54 |
iv. |
|
118 |
iv. |
|
11 |
iii. |
Biegsames Nixkraut (Ger.)
Bieiu-niihuliche F 'ram nth rune (Ge
Bilberry, Common
Great
Bindweed, Large
Sea
Small
Binsenformiger Weizen (Ger.).. Birch, Common
Dwarf
White
r.)... S/9 878 924 925 923
1296 1297 1295
8 viii.
8 viii. 169 iv.
54 vii.
121 vi.
123 vi.
54 vii.
9 viii.
181 viii.
182 viii. 186 viii. 182 viii. 1S6 viii. 178 viii. 186 viii. 186 viii.
186 viii.
1S6 viii.
187 viii. 261 viii. 182 viii. 187 viii. 182 viii. 182 viii.
186 viii.
187 viii. 182 viii.
93 v.
763, fig. a
93 v.
763, fig. J3
93 v.
94 v.
94 v.
95 v. 63 ix.
Ill
25
24
87
88
85 vi.
184 xi.
187 viii.
188 viii. lbo viii.
ix. vi. vi. vi. vi.
232
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE
Bird Cherry 413
Bird's-Foot 345
Least 378
Sand 379
Trefoil, Common ... 368
Bird's-nest Orchis 1478
Yellow 901
Birthwort, Common 1250
Bisamduf tender Beiherschnabel (Get.)
Bischofsmutze (Ger.)
Bistort, Amphibious ... 1241 & 1242
Common 1243
Viviparous 1244
Bitterblatt (Ger.)
Bitter Candytuft 149
Cress 108
Milkwort, Small 189
sweet 930
Vetch, Black 407
Tuberous 406
Wood 386
Bittere Schaumkraut (Ger.)
Schleifenblume (Ger.)
Bitterliraut Sommericurz (Ger.)
Bittersuss (Ger.)
Bl ackberry 444-455
Black Bitter Yetch 407
Bryony 1508
Currant 523
Horehound 1065 & 1066
■ Knapweed, var. a 706
var. 13 707
Medick 337
Mustard 85
Nightshade 931 & 932
Oat 1740
Poplar 1302
Saltwort 1150
Spleenwort 1874 & 1S75 j
Blackthorn 408
Bladder Campion, Common 199
Sea 200
fern, Alpine 1867
Brittle 1865
Mountain 1868
Nut, Common 322
Sedge 1682
seed, Cornish 630
Bladderwort, Greater 1125
Intermediate 1127
Lehman's 1125 (bis)
Lesser 1126
Blasensegge (Ger.)
Blasse Segge (Ger.)
Blass-gelber Klee (Ger.)
Blasses Habichtshraut (Ger.)
Blattlose Platterbse (Ger.)
Blatttoser Widi rbart (Ger.) .. Blane Molinie (Ger.)
PAGE
124
35
78
79
66
122
54
92
20S
74
78
79
81
70
208
158
41
96
112
111
89
158
208
198
96
163
112
170
45
53
32
32
24
127
9S
78
199
154
122,\ 123/ 115
57
58 104 102 107 235 171 176 127 129 127 128 171 133
42 1S5 103 131
91
VI.
viii.
ii.
i.
viii.
viii.
viii.
vi.
i.
vm. vii.
n. xii. xii.
xii.
IV.
vii.
vii. vii. vii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Bliiuliche Sommericurz (Ger.) 193 vi.
Blauliches Sabichtskraut (Gtr.) 193 v.
Bleaberry 879 25 vi.
BLECH'NUM
— — borea'le, Swartz 1885 143 xii.
Spi'cant, Both 1885 143 xii.
BLI'TUM
Bo'nus-Henri'cus, Beich.... 1199 24 viii.
glau'cum, Koch 1198 23 viii.
ru'brum, Reich. 1195, 1196, 1197 20 viii.
[virga'tum, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 38 viii.
Bloody Crane's-bill 293 192 ii.
veined Dock 1211 42 viii.
Blue-bottle 709 34 v.
Blvmenblattlose Sagine (Ger.) 119 ii.
Blut-ffirse (Ger.) 11 xi.
Blutrother Kranichschnabel (Ger.) ... 192 ii. BLYS'MUS
Broad-leaved 1583 48 x.
COMPEES'SUS, Panz. ... 1583 48 x.
Narrow-leaved 15S4 49 x.
EU'FUS, Link 15S4 48 x.
Bocks Biemenzunge (Ger.) 91 ix.
Bogbean 920 & 921 79-81 vi.
Bog Hair-grass 1733 69 xi.
Myrtle 1298 190 viii.
Orchis 1489 135 ix.
Pimpernel 1148 153 vii.
Sandwort 244 116 ii.
Stitchwort 233 100 ii.
Bois franc (Ft.) 220 ii.
Borage, Common 1114 13 vii.
BOEA'GO
OFFICINALIS, Linn. ... 1114 112 vii.
BOBKHAUS'IA
fa'Mda, Hook. & Am 815 157 v.
seto'sa, Hook. & Arn 817 158 v.
taraxacifo'lia, Hook. & Arn. 816 158 v.
Borstenformige Simse (Ger.) 60 x.
Borstige Grundfeste (Ger.) 159,160 v.
Borstiges Bapiinzclien (Ger.) 244 iv.
BOTBYAN'THUS
odo'rus, Kunth 1529 201 ix.
BOTITYCH'IUM
Inci'sum, Milde 1S37 25 xii.
[lanceola'tum, Angstrom]
(excluded) 28 xii.
Luna'ria, Fries 1837 25 xii.
Lowe 1837 25 xii.
LUNA'RIA, Swartz 1S37 24 xii.
[ ■ var. 8, Sm.] (excluded) ... 27 xii.
var. inci'sum, Milde 25 xii.
var. Moor'ei, Lowe 25 xii.
var. ruta'ceum, Fries 25 xii.
luna'tum, Gray 1837 24 xii.
[matricariifolium, A.
Braun] (excluded) 27 xii.
[ruta'ceum, Newm.~] (ex-
cluded) 28 xii.
INDEX.
233
PLATE PAGE VOL.
BOTRYCHTUM
[Euta'ceum, Sicarfz'] (ex-
cluded) 27 xii.
Bottle Sedge 1680 169 x.
Boucage a grandes feuilhs (Fr.) 116 iv.
Boucuge Saxifrage (Fr.) 116 iv.
Bouleau blanc(Vx.) 183 viii.
Bouleau nain (Fr.) 188 viii.
Bouleau pubescent (Fr.) 187 viii.
Bourrache officinale (Fr.) 113 vii.
Box, Common 1252 95 viii.
Brachypode des Bois (Fr.) 174 xi.
Brachypode primielle (Fr.) 176 xi.
BRACHYPODIOI
grac'ile, P. de B 1807 173 xi.
Mia'ctum.Tr 1792 153 xi.
E. &S 1759 110 xi.
PIXXATCM. P. deB. ... 1808 175 xi.
var. glabres'cens, Syme 175 xi.
pubes'cens, Syme 175 xi.
SYLYAT'KTM. B. & S. 1807 173 xi.
var. glabres'cens, Syme 174 xi.
■ — • var. pubes'cens, Syme 174 xi.
Bracken Fern 1886 145 xii.
BBACONNOTIA
elymoi'des, Godr 1S09 176 xi.
Brake Fern 1886 145 xii.
Brakes, Common 1S86 145 xii.
Bramble, Balfour's 192 iii.
Bloxam's 181 iii.
Broad-leaved 170 iii.
Brownish-black 186 iii.
Buckthorn-leaved ... 446 169 iii.
Coarse 183 iii.
Colemans 174 iii.
■ Common 447 163 iii.
Cuspidate-leaved 451 179 iii.
Dwarf 1S2 iii.
File-stemmed 452 1S5 iii.
Glandular-stemmed... 404 191 iii.
Grabowski's 449 174 iii.
Giinther's 189 iii.
Hazd-leaved 455 193 iii.
Hedgehog 181 iii.
Hornbeam-leaved 176 iii.
Imbricated-leaved 170 iii.
Ineurved-leaved 170 iii.
Intermediate 167 iii.
Kohler's 453 186 iii.
Large-leaved 450 178 iii.
Leafy-fiowered 190 iii.
Lejeune's 188 iii.
Leaser sub-erect 166 iii.
Lindley's 168 iii.
Long-clustered 44S 173 iii.
Mallow-leaved 194 iii.
Pilose-stemmed 176 iii.
Plaited-leaved 445 167 iii.
Pyramidal-flowered 18S iii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Bramble, Rose-flowered 182 iii.
Bough 183 iii.
Salter's 175 iii.
Sprengel's 180 iii.
Stone 441 160 iii.
Sub-erect 444 165 iii.
Thyrsus-flowered 172 iii.
Trailing 190 iii.
Tubercular 195 iii.
Various-leaved 187 iii.
Brandy Bottle 54 79 i.
BRAS'SICA
ADPEES'SA, Boiss 86 129 i.
AL'BA, Boiss 84 125 i.
BEEYTPES, Syme 94 & 95 140 i.
campes'tris, Linn 89 134 i.
L. (cultivated vars.) 135 i.
Cheiran'thus, Vill 92 139 i.
eu-monen'sis, Syme 91 138 i.
MONEN'SIS, Huds. ...91&92 138 i.
Auct. Plur 91 13S i.
mura'lis, Boiss 94 140 i.
var. Babington'ii, Syme 141 i.
Xa'pus, Linn 88 133 i.
XI'GEA, Koch 85 126 i.
OLEEA'CEA, Linn 87 130 i.
L. (cultivated vars.) 131 i.
orienta'lis, Linn 101 14S i.
perfolia'ta, Lamarck 101 14S i.
POLYMOETHA, ,S'(/me... 88-90 133 i.
Ea'pa, Linn 90 135 xi.
L. (cultivated vars.) 136 i.
SIXAPIS'T RUM, .Boiss.... 83 124 xi.
TENUIFOTilA, Boiss. ... 93 139 i.
vi'minea, Boiss 95 142 l.
Braune Moorsimse (Ger.) 46 x.
Simse 49 x.
Breitbldttrige Glockenblume (Ger.) ... 11 vi.
Linde(Gev.) 173 ii.
Platterbse (Ger.) 108 iii.
Sumpficurz (Ger.) 125 ix.
Wol/smilch (Ger.) 101 viii.
Breitblattriger MerJ; (Ger.) 118 iv.
BreitbVdttriges Knabenkraut (Ger.) ... 101 ix. Kolbenrohr (Ger.) 3 ix.
Pfefferhraut, or Kresse
(Ger.) 213 i.
Breitfriichtiger Wasserstern (Ger.) ... 120 viii.
Brennende Nessel (Ger.) 131 viii.
Briar, Baker's 473 217 iii.
Leathery-leaved 472 221 iii.
Scentless 471 215 iii.
Bristle-fern 1839 35 xii.
Bristle-grass, Green 1693 14 xi.
Eough 1694 14 xi.
Bristol Eock Cress 114 166 i.
Brittle Bladder-fern 1 S65 102 xii.
BEIZA
lutts'cens, Fouc 131 ^i-
234
ENGLISH BOTANY.
TLATE TAGE VOL.
BEI'ZA
ME'DIA, Lima.
MTNOR, Linn.
Brize commune (Ft.) .
■fluette (Fr.)
1774 1775
Brombeere (Ger.)
Brome-grass, Barren
Confused
False, Barren
Wood
Brome des pres (Fr.) ,
dresse' (Fr.) ,
rude (Fr.) ....
sterile (Fr.)
Field
Great
Racemose
Bough
Bye 1800 &
Soft 1S04&
Tall 1793 &
Upright Annual . . . Perennial
1799 1802 1808 1807 1S06 1798 1803 1795 1801 1805 1794 1797 1796
1795
1795 1802 1797 1796
1803
BEO'MUS
am'bigens, Jord 1798
ARVEN'SIS, Linn 1806
Sin 1802
as'per, Benek
ASTER, Murr
var. Beneken'ii, Syme
var. sero'tinus, Syme
comrnuta'tus, Schrad
dian'drus, Curt
EREC'TUS, Huds
var. villo'sus, Syme...
eu-racemo'sus, Syme
Ferron'ii, Mab
GIGANTE'US, Linn.
1793 & 1794 var. triflo'rus, Syme... 1794
hordea'eeus, Linn
MADEITEN'SIS, Linn....
R. & S
var. Curtis'ii, Bab. ...
var. rig'idus, Bab. ...
MAX'MUS, Desv
moll if or' mis, Lloyd
MOL'LIS, L 1S04 &
Fr
var. glabres'cens, Coss.
var. Lloydia'nus, Syme
(var. Ferro'nii on plate)
midtiflo'rus, Sin
[pat'ulus, M. & iv.] (ex-
cluded)
pinna'tus, L 1808
polysta'chyus, DC 1797
praten'sis, Ehrh 1802
ramo'sus, Huds 1795
racemo'sus, Fries 1803
1797 1797
1798 1805 1S05 1804
1805 1801
130 132
131 132
158 164 169 176 174 172 163 168 158 166 171 156 162 160 168 160 158 164
162 171 168 157 156 157 157 168 160 159 159 167 170
155 156 170 160 161 1G1 161 162 170 169 170 170
170 166
201 175 160 168 156 167
XI.
xi. xi.
xi. xi.
xi. xi.
TLATE PAGE VOL.
BEO'MUS
RACEMO'SUS, Linn.
1802 & 1803 166 xi.
var. comrnuta'tus, Hook. f.
1802 16S xi.
rig'idus, Koch 1798 162 xi.
Roth 161 xi.
SECALI'NUS, L. 1800 & 1801 165 xi.
Schrad 1800 165 xi.
var. diver'gens, Reich 166 xi.
var. veluti'nus, Syme 1801 166 xi.
sero'tinus, Benek 1795 157 xi.
[squarro'sus, L.] (excluded) 202 xi.
STERTLIS, L 1799 163 xi.
sylvat'icus, Sin 1807 173 xi.
[Tecto'rum, £.] (excluded) 201 xi.
trifto'ra, Linn 1794 156 xi.
[uniolui'des, Willd.'] (excluded) 201
veluti'nus, Schrad 1801
Brooklinie 990
Brook Saxifrage, Alpine 553
■ -weed 1151
Broom, Common 329
rape, Bluish 1017
Branched 1007
Clove-scented ... 1012
-Greater 1010
Ivy 1015
Lesser 1016
Picris 1014
Purple 1009
Red 1011
Sand 1008
Tall Brown 1013
Brownworts 947 & 94S
166 170
76 156
11 200 191 196 194 199 200 198 193 195 192 197 121- 23
xi. xi.
VII.
iii.
VI.
vi.
{^}
Bruch TFe/de (Ger.) 207
Bruisewort 197 53
BBUNEL'LA. See PEUNEL'LA. 45 Brunelle commune (Fr.) 47
BBUN'IEBA
vivip'ara, Franch 1398 24
Brunnenkresse (Ger.) 176
Bruyere a quatre faces (Fr.) 38
ce tulree (Fr.) 41
commune (Fr.) 44
vaqabonde (Fr ) 42
Bryone diolque (Fr.) 36
BEYO'NIA
DIOI'CA, Linn 517
Bryony, Black 1508
Rcd-benied 517
BUCE'TUM
ela'tius, Parn 1789 & 1790
gigante'um, Parn. ... 1793 & 1794
lolia'ceum, Parn 1792
praten'se, Parn 1791
Buchiceizen Knvterich (Ger.)
Buckbean, Common 920
VII.
vii.
|
42 |
VI |
|
36 |
iv |
|
35 |
iv |
|
170 |
ix |
|
36 |
iv |
|
150 |
xi |
|
155 |
xi |
|
153 |
xi |
|
152 |
xi |
|
60 |
viii |
|
79 |
vi |
INDEX.
235
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Buckbean, Bound-leaved 921 81 vi.
BuekeUge WasserUnae (Ger.) 23 ix.
Buckler-fern, Female 1S4S 52 xii.
BuckVkorn Plantain 116S 174 vii.
Buckthorn, Breaking 319 229 ii.
leaved Bramble ... 446 169 iii.
Purging 318 227 ii.
Sea 1245 S3 viii.
Buckwheat, Climbing 1227 62 viii.
Common 1226 60 viii.
Copse 1228 63 viii.
BUFFO'NIA
[an'nua, DC] (excluded) 134 ii.
[tenuifolia, Sm.] (excluded) 134 ii.
Bugle, Common 1088 78 vii.
Pyramidal 1089 79 vii.
faux-pin (Fr.) 80 vii.
pyramidale (Fr.) 79 vii.
rampante (Fr.) 78 vii.
Bugloss, Common Viper's 1095 89 vii.
Purple Viper's 1096 90 vii.
Small 1111 109 vii.
Buglosse des campagnes (Fr.) 109 vii.
— - ojneiaale (Fr.) 110 vii.
toujour* verte (Fr.) 112 vii.
Bugrane des champs (Fr.) 18 iii.
e'pineuse (Fr.) 16 iii.
Bui's toujours vert (Fr.) 95 viii.
BULBI'NE
planifo'Ua, R. & S 1541 220 ix.
Bullace 409 117 iii.
Bull-dogs 953 131 vi.
Bullock's-wort 937 111 vi.
Bull-rush, Common 1596 63 x.
Glaucous 1597 64 x.
Leafy-stemmed 1600 67 x.
Three-edged 1599 66 x.
Trigonous-stemmed 159S Q5 x.
BU'NIAS
Caki'le, Linn 79 117 i.
BU'NIUM
Bulbocas'tanum, Linn 583 112 iv.
Ca/ri, Bieb 582 111 iv.
FLEXUO'SUM, With. ... 5S4 113 iv.
verticilla'tum, Gr. & Godr. 581 110 iv.
Bunny 953 131 vi.
Bunter Da un (Ger.) 66 vii.
BUPLEU'RUM
AEISTA'TUM, Bartl. ... 590 120 iv.
FALCA'TUM, Linn 592 122 iv.
Odoitti'tes, Sm 590 120 iv.
ROTUXDIFO'LIUM,
Linn 589 120 iv.
TEXUIS'SDIOI, Linn... 591 121 iv.
Buplevre a feuilles rondes (Fr.) 120 iv.
BupUvre arieie (Fr.) 121 iv.
des haies (Fr.) 123 iv.
menu (Ft.) 122 iv.
Burdock, Greater 699 24 v.
Intermediate 700 25 v.
PLATE PAGE
Burdock, Lesser 702 26
Xarrow-leaved 701 26
Bur-Marygold, Common 860 214
Xodding 763 94
Tripartite 764 95
Bur Medick, Little 340 28
Burnet, Common Salad 409 143
Great 421 132
Muricated Salad 420 136
Rose, Common 461 204
Irish 463 206
Red-fruited 462 205
Saxifrage, Common 585 116
Great 586 116
Bur-Parsley, Great 618 162
Small 617 161
reed, Branched 1387 6
Floating 1389 8
Small 1390 9
Unbranched 1388 7
Bush Vetch 3S8 92
Butoher's-Broom, Common 1516 1S5
Butone en ombelle (Fr.) 76
BUTOMUS
OIBELLATUS, Linn.... 1443 76
Butter-and-eggs 962-964 142
bur, Common (sub-female) 784 120
(sub-male) 783 120
Buttercup 33 39
Butterfly Orchis, Greater 1464 107
Lesser 1463 106
Butterwort, Alpine 1123 125
Common 1121 123
Large-flowered 1122 124
Pale 1124 125
Buxbaum Segge '(Ger. ) 108
Buxbaum's Speedwell 973 153
BUX'US
SEMPERVI'REXS, Linn. 1252 95
Cabbage Mustard 101 149
Sea 87 130
Wild 87 130
CAKI'LE
MARIT'IMA, Scop 79 117
CALAMAGBOS'TIS
arena'ria, Roth 1722 51
cohm'ta, DC 1697 19
EPIGETOS, Both 1723 53
LAXCEOLA'TA, Roth ...1724 54
Lappon'ica, Hook 1726 56
neglec'ta, Fl. Wett 1725 & 1726 55
STRIC'TA, Xutt. 1725 & 1726 55
Hook 1725 56
var. Hooke'ri, Syme... 1726 56
Calament ascendant (Fr.) 36
des champs (Fr.) 33
des hois (Fr.) 36
Xepe'ta (Fr.) 34
Cola magrostis la needle (Fr.) 55
Calamint, Common 1050 & 1051 36
VOL.
v.
IX.
vii. vii. vii. vii.
x.
vi.
viii. i.
XI.
xi. xi.
vii.
vii. vii. vii.
236
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
vii. vii.
Calainint, Lesser 1049 34
Wood 1052 36
CALAMIN'THA
AC'INOS, Clairv 1048
ascen'dens, Jord ... 1050 & 1051
CLINOPO'DIUM, Spenn. 1047
MENTHIFO'LrA, Host.
1050 & 1051 var. Brigg'sii, Syme... 1051
NEP'ETA, Clairv 1049
officinalis, J ord 1052
Monch 1050 & 1051
var. ascen'dens, Reich.
fil 1051
var. menthifo'lia, Reich.
fil 1050
officina'lis, var. vulga'ris,
Reich, fil 1052
SYLVAT'ICA, Bromf. ... 1052
CALENDULA
[arven'sis, Linn.'] (excluded) ...
[officina'lis, Linn.'] (excluded) ...
Callitriche a fruits larges (Fr.)
printaniere (Fr.)
PLATE PAGE VOL.
CALLITKICHE
aqua'tica, Sm 1271
AUTUMNA'LIS, Linn.... 1275
Hook 1274
Kiitz 1273
cophocar'pa, Sendtn
eu-autumna'lis, Syme 1275
eu-ver'na, Syme 1271
■ hamula'ta, Kiitz 1273
var. peduncula'ta,
Bab 1274
pal'lens, Gold
peduncula'ta, DC 1274
var. ses'silis, Bab. ... 1273
platycar'pa, Kiitz 1272
slagna'lis, Hegelm 1272
trunca'ta, Guss
ver'na, Auct. Plur 1271
YER'NA, Linn 1271-1274
verna'lis, Kiitz 1271
Ckdlitrique en crochet (Fr.)
CALLU'NA
VULGA'RIS, Salisb 894
var. glabra' ta, Syme
var. inca'na, Syme
CAL'THA
alpes'tris, Schott ? 41
eu-palus'tris, Syme 40
flabellifo'lia, Boreau 41
Pursh
Grueranqe'rii, Boreau
PALUSTRIS, Linn 40
Auct. Plur 40
Boreau 40
32 vii. 34 vii 31 vii.
34 vii.
35 vii.
33 vii.
36 vii.
34 vii.
35 vii.
35 vii.
36 vii. 36 vii.
216 v.
216 v.
120 viii. 119 viii.
119 viii. 122 viii.
121 viii.
120 viii. 119 viii.
122 viii.
119 viii.
120 viii.
121 viii.
119 viii.
121 viii.
120 viii. 120 viii.
120 viii.
122 viii. 119 viii.
118 viii.
119 viii.
121 viii.
43 vi 43 vi. 43 vi.
52 50 52 52 50 50 50 50
CAL'THA
palus'tris, var. mi'nor, Syme
radi'cans, Forster 41
ripa'ria, Don ?
vidga'ris, Schott
Caltrops, Water 41
CALYSTE'GIA
Se'pium, R. Br 924
Soldanel'la, R. Br 925
CAMELI'NA
denta'ta, " Pers." ? Boreau 142
eu-sati'va, Syme 141
foe'tida, Fries 142
macrocar'pa, Reich 141
SATI'VA, Crantz 141, 142
Fries 141
Cameline cultivee (Fr.)
dente'e (Fr.)
Camomille des champs (Fr.)
des teinturiers (Fr.)
— fetide (Fr.)
Ptomaine (Fr.)
Campanula a feuilles radicates
rondes (Fr.)
a larges feuilles (Fr.)
agglomerte (Fr.)
e'talee (Fr.)
fausse Eaiponce (Fr.)
gantelee (Fr.)
Persicifolia (Fr.)
Eaiponce (Fr.)
CAMPANULA
GLOMERA'TA, Linn. ... 866
HEDER A'CE A, Linn. ... 875
HYB'RIDA, Linn 874
LATIFO'LIA, Linn 868
PAT'ULA, Linn 873
PERSICIFO'LIA, Linn. 871
RAPUNCULOI'DES, Linn. 869
RAPUN'CULUS, Linn,... 872
ROTUNDIFO'LIA, Linn. 870
var. monta'na,
Syme
[Spec'ulum, Linn.] (excluded)...
TR ACHE'LIUM, Linn. ... 867
Campion 202
Common Bladder 199
Moss 205
Red 211
Sea Bladder 200
Striated 201
White 210
Canadian Fleabane 773
Canadische Lurrwurz (Cer.)
Canary-grass 1698
Canche caryophyllee (Fr.)
gazonnante (Fr.)
pre'cose (Fr.)
Candytuft, Bitter 149
51 52 50 50 52
86 87
200
199
200
199
199
199
200
200 52 53 50 54
13 11
8
16 12
9 14 15
8
18 17 10 15 14 11 14 12
13
19
9
00
57
63
70
58
59
6S
108
108
21
71
05
72
208
vi. vi.
vi. vi.
vi.
INDEX.
237
PLATE PAGE
CAN'NABIS
SATI'VA, Linn 12S3 131
Canterbury Bell 8G7 9
Caper Spurge 1267 113
CAPSEL'LA
BUR'SA-PASTO'RIS,
MSnch 152 211
Capselle Bourse a-pasteur (Ft.) 212
Caraway, Common 582 111
Whorled 5S1 110
Caquille (Ft.) 117
Caquillier maritime (Fr.) 118
CARDAMI'NE
AMA'RA, Linn 108 157
[bellidifo'lia, Linn.'] (excluded) 224
BULBIF'EKA, It. Br 107 156
eu-hirsu'ta, Syme 110 160
hasiula'ta, Sm 113 164
HIRSU'TA, Linn. ... 110 & 111 160
Eng. Bot Ill 161
Auct. Plur 110 160
var. sylvat'ica, Auct.
Plur Ill 161
IMPATIENS, Linn 112 161
petree'a, Linn 113 164
PRATEN'SIS, Linn 109 158
sylvat'ica, Link Ill 161
Cardamine (Fr.) 156
amere (Fr.) 158
bulbifere 157
des pre's (Fr.) 159
impatiente (Fr.) 162
velue (Fr.) 160
CABDA'BIA
Dra'ba, De Vaux 158 218
Cardere cultire'e (Fr.) 247
Cardere sauvaije (Fr.) 246
CAR'DUUS
acantlioi'dts, Gr.&Godr.... 685 9
Koch 8
Sm 684 7
acau'Ii-arven'sis, Syme 697
(a misprint for arven'si-acau'lis)
acau'li-praten'sis, Syme ... 696 19
ACAU'LIS, Linn.
692 & 692 (bis) 16
arven'si-acau'lis, Syme 697 20
ARYEN'SIS, Curt. 693 & 694 17
var. seto'sus, Syme ... 694 18
CRIS'PUS, Linn 684 7
var. litigio'sus, Gr. &
Godr 8
var. polyan'thenios, Godr.... 8
ERIOPH'ORUS, Linn. ... 687 11
HETEROPHYL'LUS,
Linn 691 15
LANCEOLA'TUS, Linn. «86 10
Maria'nus, Linn 681 4
multiflo'rus, Gaud 8
VOL. XII.
PLATE PAGE
CAEDUUS
NU'TANS, Linn 6S3 7
nutan'ti-cris'pus, Bond. ... 685 9
[olera'ceus, Pers.] (excluded) ... 215
PALUS'TRIS, Linn 688 12
polyacarithos, Schreb 8
polyan'themos, Doll 685 9
Koch 8
praten'si-palus'tris, Syme... 695 19
PRATEN'SIS, Iluds 690 14
pyenoceph' alus, Bentli 6S2 6
TENUIFLO'RUS,Citrt.... 682 6
TUBERO'SUS, Linn 689 13
Woodwar'dii, Wats 696 19
CA'REX
acu'ta, Curt 1678 165
ACU'TA, Linn 1639 109
agasta'chys, Ehrh 1660 139
ALPI'NA, Sicartz 1636 106
AMPULLA'CEA, Linn. 1680 168
ampulla' cea, var. Baker &
Hunt 1681 169
AQUATTLIS, Wahl.
1641 & 1642 112 var. "VVatso'ni, Syme 113
ARENA'RIA, Linn 1618 86
argyroglo'chin, Lond. Cat 104
ATRA'TA, Linn 1635 104
AXILLA'RIS, Good 1628 97
BINER'VIS, Sm 1667 147
BOENNINGHAUSENIA'NA,
Weihe 1629 98
[brizoi'des, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 174
BUXBAUM'II, Wahl. ... 1637 107
[exspito' sa, Fries] (excluded) ... 175
Gay 1638 108
Good 1643 114
canes'cens, Liun 1637 107
Koch 1631 102
capilla'ris, Leers 1665 144
CAPILLA'RIS, Linn. ...1662 138
cilia' ta, Willd 1654 128
clandesti'na, Good 1651 124
colli'na, Willd 1652 125
cur'ta, Bab 1631 102
CUR'TA, Good.... 1631 & 1632 101
var. alpic'ola, Wahl 16:52 102
DAVALLIA'NA, Sm. ... 1611 79
DEPAUPERA'TA, Good. 1664 142
DIGITA'TA, Linn 1650 122
DIOTCA, Linn 1610 78
DISTANS, Linn 1668 149
DIS'TICHA, Iluds 1617 85
DIVI'SA, Uuds 1616 84
divul'sa, Gaud 93
divul'sa, Good 1625 94
[Dre'jeri, Lange] (excluded) ... 175
Drymei'a, Ehrh 1665 144
echina'la, Murr 1626 94
Ehrhartia'na, Hoppe 1620 88
I
2.18
ENGLISH BOTANY
PLATE
CA'REX
ELONGA'TA, Linn 1630
ERICETO'RUM, Poll, ... 1654
eu-fla'va, Syme 1672 & 1673
eu-murica'ta, Syme 1624
EXTEN'SA, Good 1675
var. £, Maclaren 1674
var. nri'nor, Syme
FILIFOR'MIS, Linn 1676
Jlac'ca, Schreb 1644-1646
fla'va, Ehrh 1672 & 1673
FLA'YA,Linn 1672-1674
Sm 1672
var. lepidocar'pa, Syme.
1673
• var. GE'deri, Kunth ... 1674
var. pat'ula, Coss. ... 1674
- FUL'VA, Good. ... 1669 & 1670
—Koch
Sm 1669
var. Hornschuchia'na,
Bab 1670
var. speirosta'chya, Syme.
1660 stcr'ilis, »S'£/?n«
Gehhar'di, Hoppe 1632
Gehhar'di, Schk
Gibso'ni, Bab
. GL AU'C A, Scop. ... 1644-1646
var. Michelia'na, Sm. 1645
. var. stictocarpa, D. Don,
1646
Goodenov'ii, Gay 1643
grac'ilis, Curt 1639
Wimm 163S
Gra'harai, Boott 1684
HIR'TA, Linn 1677
■ var. ebractea'ta, Syme
var. hirtifor'mis, Syme
Itirtifur'mis, Pers
[hordeifor'mis, Wahl.~\ (excluded)
Hornschuchia'na, Hoppe.
1669 & 1670
Reich 1670
■ HU'MILIS, Leyss 1651
ENCUR'VA, Lightf. 1615
■ — — intermedia, Good 1617
INYOLUTA, Bab 1681
IRRIG'UA, Hoppe 1648
juncifo'lia, All
Kochia'na, DC
L/EVIGA'TA, Sm 1666
LAGOPI'XA, WaU 1633
lepidocar'pa, Tausch 1673
fl633 [1634
LIMO'SA, Linn 1647
var. a, Wahl 1617
var. irrig'ua, Wahl. 1648
limo'sa, var. rariflo'ra, Wahl. 1649
lepori'na, Linn.
PAGE VOL.
99 X.
128 x.
158 x.
93 x.
154 x.
157 x. 153 x.
160 x. 116 x.
158 x.
156 x.
158 x.
159 x.
157 x, 157 x.
152 x.
153 x.
152 x.
153 x.
153 x.
153 x.
102 x. 100 x.
115 x.
116 x.
117 x.
117 x. 114 x. 109 x. 109 x. 172 x.
161 x.
162 x. 162 x. 162 x. 175 x.
152 x.
153 x, 124 x.
83 x.
85 x
169 x,
118 x. (84) x. 166 x. 146 x. 100 x. 159 x. 100 x.
103 x.
119 x,
119 x. 118 x.
120 x.
PLATE
CA'REX
max'ima, Scop 1660
Michelia'na, Sm 1645
Mielichof'eri, Sm 1659
MOXTA'XA, Linn 1652
murica'ta, Auct. Plur 1624
MURICA'TA, Linn. 1624 & 1625
var. compac'ta, Syme
pseu'do-divul'sa, Syme
var. virens, Koch
Oe'deri, Ehrh 1674
Sm 1673
OVA'LIS, Good 1634
var. bractea'ta, Syme
PALLES'CENS, Linn.... 1657
PALUDO'SA, Good 1678
paludo'sa, Reich 1678
var. Kochia'na, Gaud
PA'NICEA, Linn 1658
pa'nicea, var. sparsiflo'ra,
Wahl 1659
PAXICULA'TA, Linn. ... 1622
PARADOX'A, Willd. ... 1621
pat'ula, Scop 1665
PAITCIFLO'RA, Light/. 1614
PEX'DULA, Huds 1660
Persoon'ii, Sieb 1632
phieosta'chya, Sm 1659
PILULIF'ERA, Linn. ... 1653
PR.E'COX,J«cg 1655
PSEU'DO-CYPE'RUS,
Linn 1685
Pseu' do-paradox' a, S. Gib. 1620
PULICA'RIS, Linn 1612
- — • pul'la, Good 1683
PUNCTATA, Gaud 1671
RARIFLO'RA, Sm 1649
recur'va, Huds 1644-1646
Sm 1644
REMO'TA, Linn 1627
remo'ta-panicula'ta, Garcke 1629
RIGTDA, Good 1640
RIPA'RIA, Curt 1679
RUPES'TRIS, All 1613
SAXATTLIS, Linn. 16S3 & 1684
Willd 1640
var. a, Hook. & Arn. 16S3
var. Gra'hami, Hook.
& Arn 1684
[secali'na, Sm.] (excluded)
spadic'ea, Roth
sparsiflo'ra, Steud 1659
speirosta'chya, Sm 1670
STELLULA'TA, Good. ... 1626
stictocar'pa, Sm 1646
STRIC'TA, Good 1638
— - STRIGO'SA, Huds 1661
styg'ia, Frit s
SYLVATICA, Suds 1665
tenel'la, Sm.
PAGE VOL.
139
117
134
125
93
92
93
93
93
157
159
103
104
132
165
166
166
133
134
90
89
144
82
139
102
134
127
129
163
88
80
173
150
120
116
117
96
98
111
167
81
172
111
173
172 175 166 134 153
94 117 108 141 122 144
96
INDEX.
239
PLATE PAGE VOL.
CA'EEX
TEEETIUS'CULA, Good.
1619 & 1G20 87 x.
var. Ehrhartia'na,
Syme 1620 87 x.
TOMENTO'SA, Linn. ... 1656 130 x.
vndida'ta, Kunze 132 x.
USTULA'TA, Wahl 1663 136 x.
YAGINA'TA, Tausch. ... 1659 134 x.
Vdhl'ii, Schk 1636 106 x.
VESIOA'EIA, Linn 1682 170 x.
var. alpig' ena, Fr. ... 16S4 172 x.
var. involu'ta, Bab 1681 169 x.
vit'ilis, Fries 1632 102 x.
vi'rens, Lam 93 x.
VULGA'RIS, Fries 1643 114 x.
var. Gibso'ni, Syme 115 x.
var. uligino'sa, Syme 115 x.
VULPI'XA. Linn 1623 91 x.
Withering' ii, Gray 87 x.
Carex a deux epis (Fr.) 86 x.
nervures (Fr.) 148 x.
epis greles (Ft.) 142 x.
pendants (Fr.) HO *•
pilules (Fr.) 127 x.
quat re fleurs (Fr.) 83 x.
aigu (Fr.) HI x.
alonge- (Fr.) 100 x.
ampoule (Fr.) 169 x.
apauvre (Fr.) 144 x.
arrondi (Fr.) 89 x.
capillaire (Fr.) 139 x.
changeant (Fr.) 90 x.
clandestin (Fr.) 125 x.
commun (Fr.) 116 x.
compacte (Fr.) 92 x.
cotonneux (Fr.) 131 x.
de Buxbaum (Fr.) 108 x.
de Daval (Fr.) 80 x.
de montagne (Fr.) 126 x.
d' Qider (Fr.) 158 x.
desbois (Fr.) 145 x.
des bruyeres (Fr.) 129 x.
des fanges (Fr.) 120 x.
des frimas (Fr.) 112 x.
des haies (Fr.) 93 x.
des marais (Fr.) 166 x.
des rives (Fr.) 168 x.
des rochers (Fr.) 82 x.
des sables (Fr.) S7 x.
digite(Fr.) 123 x.
dioique (Fr.) 79 x.
endeuil(Fr.) 106 x.
en vessie (Fr.) 171 x.
espaee (Fr.) 97,150 x.
etire (Fr.) i56 x.
etoile (Fr.) 95 x.
fauve (Fr.) 154 x.
faux souchet (Fr.) 164 x.
filiforme (Fr.) '.. 161 x.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Carex glauque (Fr.) 118 x.
herisse- (Fr.) 163 x.
inter rompu (Fr.) 94 x.
jaune (Fr.) 160 x.
leporina (Fr.) 104 x.
lisse(Fr.) 147 x.
pale (Fr.) 133 x.
panic (Fr.) 134 x.
panicule (Fr.) 91 x.
ponctue'(Fr.) 151 x.
precoce (Fr.) 130 x.
puce (Fr.) 81 x.
raide (Fr.) 1C9 x.
CAELI'NA
racemo'sa, Linn, (excluded) 215 v.
VULGA'RIS, Linn 698 21 v.
Carline commune (Fr.) 22 v.
Carliue Thistle 698 22 v.
Carnation, Wild 194 49 ii.
Carotte commune (Fr.) , 158 iv.
de Boccone (Fr.) 157 iv.
CAEPI'NTJS
BET'ULUS, Linn 1293 176 viii.
var. provincia'lis, Gay 176 viii.
Carrot, Sea 615 157 iv.
Wild 616 158 iv.
CA'RUM
BULBOCAS'TAXUM,
Koch 583 112 vi.
CAE'VI, Linn 582 111 iv.
flexuo'sum, Fries 584 113 iv.
VEETICILLA'TUM, Koch
581 110 iv.
Carum carvi (Fr.) HI iv.
verticille (Fr.) HO iv.
CARYOL'OPHA
semper vi'rens, Fiach. & Traut.
1113 111 vii.
CASTA'NEA
sati'va, Mill 1290 159 viii.
ves'ca, G'artn 1290 159 viii.
VULGA'EIS, Linn 1290 159 viii.
CATABRO'SA
AQUATIC A, P.deB. ... 1750 94 xi.
Catabr ose aquatique (Fr.) 95 xi.
CATAPO'DIUH
lolia'ceum, Link 1759 110 xi.
CATA'BIA
vulga'ris, Munch 1054 38 vii.
Catchfly 201 59 ii.
Common Garden 204 62 ii.
English 202 60 ii.
Italian 208 66 ii.
Lobel's 204 62 ii.
Night-flowering 209 67 ii.
Nottingham 207 65 ii.
Red Alpine 214 73 ii.
Red German 213 72 ii.
240
ENGLISH BOTANY.
TLATE PARE
Catchfly, Spanish 206 64
Spotted 203 61
Variegated 203 61
CA THAR TOLI'NUM
praten'se, Eeich 289 181
Cat Mint 1054 39
Cat's-ear Hawkweed 842 187
Long-rooted 790 130
Smooth 7S9 129
Spotted 791 130
Cat's-Tail, Common 1385 3
: — Narrow-leaved 1386 4
Caucalide Anihrisque (Fr.) 164
a feuilles de Carotte
(Fr.) 161
a larges feuilles (Fr.) 162
noueuse (Fr.) 165
CAU'CALIS
■ ANTHKIS'CUS, Huds.... 620 163
DAUCOI'DES, Linn 617 160
• INFES'TA, Curt 619 162
LATIFO'LIA, Linn 618 161
NODO'SA, Huds 621 164
CATJLWIA
flex' His, Willd 1432 63
Celandine, Common 67 100
Crowfoot 39 49
■ Lesser 39 49
Celery, Wild 572 99
CENTAU'EEA
ama'ra, DC 31
ASTEEA, Linn 710 36
CALCITBA'PA, Linn.... 711 37
[Clu'sii, Gay] (excluded) 215
CY'ANUS, Linn 709 34
Debraux'ii, Gr. & Godr. ... 707 32
decip'iens, Thuill 707 32
[intyba'cea, Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 216
Lsnar'di, Linn 710 36
JA'CEA, Linn 705 30
[Kotschya'na, Koch] (ex-
cluded) 215
[leucopliaj'a, Jord.] (ex-
cluded) 215
microp'tilon, Gr. & Godr.... 707 32
[monta'na, Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 216
nemom'lis, Joid 31
NI'GEA, Linn 706 & 707 31
Hook. &Arn 706 31
var. decip'iens, Bah. 707 32
nigres'cens, Gr. & Godr. ... 707 32
Willd. (?) Hook. &
Arn 707 32
[panicula'tar Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 215
praten'sis, (?) Gr. & Godr. 707 32
pulla'ta. Linn 36
TLATE PAGE VOL.
CENTAU'EEA
[Salaman'tica, Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 215 v.
SCABIO'SA, Linn 708 33 v.
eeroti'na, Bor 31 v.
SOLSTITIA'LIS, Linn. 712 38 v.
Centauree Bleuet (Fr.) 34 v.
Chausse-trappe (Fr.) 37 v.
du Solstice (Fr.) 3S \.
Jacea (Fr.) 31 v.
noir (Fr.) 32 v.
— — rude (Fr.) 36 v.
sea bieuse (Fr.) 33 v.
Centaury, Broad-leaved 907 66 vi.
Common 909 68 vi.
• — Narrow-leaved 908 67 vi.
Slender 910 69 vi.
Yellow 913 72 vi.
Centenille naine (Fr.) 153 vii.
Centrante Chausse-trappe (Fr.) 235 iv.
rouge (Fr.) 234 iv.
CENTEAN'THUS
CALCITRA'PA, DC. 665 234 iv.
RU'BER, DC. 664 233 iv.
CENTUN'CULUS
MINIMUS, Linn 1149 153 vii.
CEPHALAN'THEEA
ENSIFO'LIA, Rich 1484 128 ix.
GEANDIFLO'RA, Bab. 1485 129 ix.
Lonchophyl'lum, Eeich. fil. 1485 129 ix.
pal'lens, Eich 1485 129 ix.
EU'BEA, Rich 1483 127 ix.
Xiphophyl'lum, Eeich. fil. 1484 128 ix.
CEPHALA'BIA
pilo'sa, Gr. & Godr 676 248 iv.
Ceraiste a larges feuilles (Fr.) 88 ii.
commun (Fr.) 83 ii.
des Alpes (Fr.) 86 ii.
des champs (Fr.) 89 ii.
griie (Fr.) 79 ii.
nain (Fr.) 80 ii.
pentandre (Fr.) 81 ii.
trivial (Fr.) 84 ii.
Cerfeuil Anihrisque (Fr.) 167 iv.
' herisse (Ft.) 166 iv.
penche (Fr.) 169 iv.
sauvage (Fr.) 168 iv.
CERAMAN'THE
— — ■ rerna'lis, Eeich 951 125 vi.
CEEAS'TIUM
ALPI'NUM, Linn 223 84 ii.
Eeich.? 85 ii.
var. hirsu'tum, Gr. &
Godr 85 ii.
var. lana'tum, Syme S5 ii.
var. pilo'so-pubes'cens,
Benth 224 87 ii.
var. pubes'cens, Syme 85 ii.
aquat'icum, Linn 227 91 ii.
INDEX.
241
PLATE PAGE '
CERASTIUM
ARVEN'SE, Linn 225 88
var. Andrew'sii, Syme 89
var. pubes'cens, Syme 225 89
atrovi'rens, Bab. (olim) ... 218 78
glaciale, Gaud 88
glau'cum, var. y. quater-
nel'lwm, Gr. & Godr. ... 217 77
GLOMERA'TUM, Thuill. 221 82
glutino'sum, Fries 219 79
lana'tum, Lam 223 85
laricifo'lium, Vill. ? 89
latifo'lium, Auct. Scand 87
Edmonst 87
LATIFO'LIUM, Smith... 224 86
var. compac'tum, Syme 87
var. Edmonston'ii,
Bab 87
var. nigres'cens, Syme 87
var. Smith'ii, Syme 87
nigres'cens, Edmonst 87
ohscu'rum, Cbaub 219 79
PU'MILUM, Curtis 219 79
Gr. &Godr 218 78
QUATERNEL'LUM,
Fenzl 217 77
SEMIDECAN'DRUM,
Linn 220 81
stric'tum, Linn. ? 89
suffrutico' sum, Linn. ? 89
TETRAN'DRUM, Curtis. 218 78
TRl'GYNUM, Vill 226 90
TRIVIA'LE, Link 222 83
var. holosteoi'des,
Fries 84
var. pentan'drum,
Syme 84
visco'sum, "Linn.," Smith 222 83
" Linn.," Fries 221 82
vulga're, Hartm 222 83
vulga'tum, Benth 218-222 84
" Linn.," Smith 221 82
" Linn.," Fries 222 83
CEEATOPHYL'LUM
apicula'tum, Cham 124
AQUAT'ICUM, Wats.
1276 & 1277 123
demer'sum, Benth. 1276 & 1277 123
Linn 1276 123
platyacan'thum, Cham 124
submer'sum, Linn 1277 123
Cerisier Merisier (Fr.) 120
CETERACH
OFFICINA'RUM, Desv. 1883 139
var. crena'tum, Milde 1883 140
CHZEROPHYL'LUM
ANTHRIS'CUS, Lam. ... 622 166
[aromat'icum, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 180
vm. viii. viii. viii. viii. iii.
Xll.
xii.
PLATE PAGE
CH^ROPHYL'LTJM
[au'reum, Linn.'] (excluded) 180
Cerefo'lium, plate 623, should
read C. sati'vum, Lam.
SATI'VUM, Lam 623 167
SYLVES'TRE, Linn. ... 624 168
temuleu'tum, 8m 625 169
TEM'ULUM, Linn 625 169
CHAMjEME'LUM
inodo'rum, De Vis. ... 717 & 718 46
CHAMMPLIUM
officinale, Wall 96 143
polyccra'tium, Wall 97 144
CHAMAGEO'STIS
MIN'IMA, Borhh 1689 7
CHAMIT'IA
reticula'ta, Kerner 1379 260
Chamomile, Common 724 54
Corn 721 & 722 52
Ox-eye 723 53
Wild 719 48
CHAMOMIL'LA
no'bilis, Godr 724 53
Chanvre cultive (Fr.) 132
Chapeaua"Eveque{¥r.) 74
CHA'RA
acicula'ris, Wallm 1916 207
aeuleola'ta, Kiitz 210
ALOPECUROI'DEA,
"Delile" 1909 193
vars. Montagn'ei and
Wallroth'ii, A. Br 194
alopecuroi'des, Wallm 1909 193
alta'ica, A. Br 1912 199
annula'ta, Wallm 1920 214
AS'PERA, Willd 1919 210
var. dasyacan'tha,
A. Br 212
atrovi'rens, Lowe 1914 203
bal'tica, " Fries " 1917 207
Hartm 1917 207
var. affi'nis, Groves... 1917 208
BarUer'ii, Bals 1902 182
Bor'reri, Babing 1908 189
BRAUNTI, Gmelin 1911 197
brevicau'lis, Bertol 1902 182
Brongniartia'na, Wedd. ... 1899 175
canes'cens, H. & J. Groves 1912 199
Loisel 1919 211
capilla'cea, Thuill 1920 214
capita' ta, "Nees ab Esenb." 1890 177
ceratoPhyl'la,Wal\T 1913 201
coarcta'ta, Wallm 1914 204
colla'bens, Agardh 1914 203
commuta'ta, Rupr 1899 175
condensa' ta, Wallm 1912 199
conni'vens, Salzm 1921 215
var. Durix'i, Kralik 1921 215
contra'ria, A. Braun 1915 204
rv. iv.
vm. i.
Xll.
xii.
xu. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
242
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
CHA'EA
contra'ria, var. gymmo-
phylla, A.Bt 205 xii.
var. juba'ta, Miill 205 xii.
" coralli'na, Wallm." 1919 211 xii.
corona ta, Bischoff 1911 197 xii.
Cortia'na, Bertolini 1911 197 xii.
erassicau'lis (Schreber),
Kiitz 1914 203 xii.
CRINI'TA, Wallr 1912 198 xii.
crispa, Wallm 1914 204 xii.
cur'ta, (Note) Kiitz 1919 211 xii.
delicat'ula, Desv 1920 214 xii.
decip'iens, Desv 1914 203 xii.
" diffu'sa, Wallm." 1920 214 xii.
elas'tica, Amid 1890 177 xii.
egMwefc/o'Ka,(Nolte) Kiitz. 1919 211 xii.
equiseti'na, Kiitz 1916 207 xii.
eremosper'ma, Rupr 1911 197 xii.
evolu'ta, Alien 1912 199 xii.
ex'Uis, Barbieri 1903 183 xii.
/alTax, Agardh 1919 j2^'} xii.
fascicula'ta, Amici 1907 188 xii.
,/i/ma, Agardh 1917 207 xii.
flex'Uis, Amici 1911 197 xii.
Linn 1899 175 xii.
Reichenb 1902 182 xii.
Sm 1900 178 xii.
Thuill 1901 181 xii.
[ var. mari'na, Wabl.],
(excluded) 191 xii.
[ var. nidi'fica, Hartm.]
(excluded) 191 xii.
[ var. prolifera, Wallr.]
(excluded) 191 xii.
var. stella' ta, Wallr.... 1902 182 xii.
FCE'TIDA, A. Braun.
1914 & 1915 202 xii. var. contra'ria, Coss.
&Germ 1915 204 xii.
var. crassicau'lis,
Schleieh 204 xii.
var. hispid'ula, Coss.
& Germ 1915 204 xii.
var. melanopyre'na,
A. Br 205 xii.
var. monilifor'mis, A.
Br 1915 204 xii.
var. subhis'pida, A. Br 205 xii.
folioWta, Hartm 1920 214 xii.
FRAGIF'ERA, Durieu ... 1922 217 xii.
FRAG'ILIS, Desv. 1920 & 1921 213 xii.
var. conni'vens, N. E.
Br 1921 215 xii.
var. Sturrock'ii,
Groves 215 xii.
fulcra'ta, Ganterer 1920 214 xii.
fwricula'ris, Thnill 1914 203 xii.
furca'ta, Amici 1902 182 xii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
CHA'EA
"furcula'ta, Reich." 1899 175 xii.
galioi'des, Agardh 1919 211 xii.
ghbula'ris, Thum. ......... 1920 214 xii.
glomera'ta, Desv 1905 186 xii.
glamerulif'era, Rupr 1905 186 xii.
grac'ilis, Sm 1903 183 xii.
Hedwig'ii, Agardh 1920 214 xii.
7m-'ta,Meyen 1919 211 xii.
his'pida, Linn 1919 211 xii.
HIS'PIDA, Oeder. ... 1916-1918 206 xii.
var. bal'tica, Hartm. 1917 207 xii.
var. crinita, Wallr. ... 1912 199 xii.
dasyacan'tha, A. Br. 1918 20S xii.
pseu'do-crinita, A. Br. 1918 208 xii.
hor'rida, Wallm 1916 207 xii.
interme'dia, A. Br 210 xii.
intertex'ta, Desv 1919 211 xii.
Teuore 1918 208 xii.
intrica'ta, Agardh 1909 193 xii.
Roth 1907 188 xii.
var. robustior, Baker 1908 189 xii.
juba'ta, A. Br 205 xii.
Kareli'ni, Lessing 1912 199 xii.
latifo'lia, Willd 1913 201 xii.
Liljebla'dii, Wallm 1917 208 xii.
longibractea'ta, Kiitz 1914 203 xii.
-Wallm ...1914 204 xii.
longifur'ca, Rupr 1902 182 xii.
monta'na, Pers 1914 203 xii.
mucrona'ta, A. Braun 1902 182 xii.
nidif'ica, Borrer 190S 189 xii.
[ Rotli] (excluded) 191 xii.
Sm 1906 186 xii.
Noltea'na, A. Braun 1917 208 xii.
obtu'sa, Desv 1910 195 xii.
opa'ca, Agardh 1900 178 xii.
papiOa'ta, Wallr 1914 203 xii.
papillo'sa, Kiitz 210 xii.
papulo'sa, Wallr 1909 193 xii.
peduncula'ta, Kiitz 1918 208 xii.
pilif'era, Agardh 1920 214 xii.
polyacan'tha, A. Braun ... 1918 208 xii.
polyspermia, A. Braun 1907 188 xii.
Kiitz 1914 203 xii.
Pouzol'sii, A. Braun 1909 193 xii.
prolifera, Babing 1905 186 xii.
A. Braun 190S 189 xii.
pulchel'la, Wallr 1920 214 xii.
pusil'la, Kiitz 1912 199 xii.
refrao'ta, Kiitz 1914 203 xii.
ru'dis, A. Bratm 1916 207 xii.
seminu'da, Kiitz 1914 203 xii.
Smith'ii, Babing 1906 1S6 xii.
sphagnoi'des, Wallm 1914 204 xii.
spino'sa, Rupr 1916 207 xii.
Stal'ii, Visiani 1911 197 xii.
STELLIG'ERA, Bauer... 1910 195 xii.
[Stenhammaria'na, Wallm.]
(excluded) 191 xii.
INDEX.
243
PLATE PAGE VOL.
CHARA
stric'ta, Kutz 191*
suhhh'pida, A. Braun 1914
subspino'sa, Rupr 1916
synca/pn. vars. A. Braun 1900
A. Braun, etc
Reichenb
Thuill 1900
var. capitata, Gant
var. Smith ii, Coss. &
Germ 1900
tenuispi'na, A. Braun 1919
tenuis' sima, A. Br
Desv 1904
TOMENTCSA, Linn. ... 1913
translu'cens, Persoon 1901
Reichenb 1910
tricho'des, Kiitz 1920
uhoi'des, Bertol 1910
rerruco'sa, Itzigsohn 1920
virga'ta, Kiitz 1920
"vir'idis, Hartm." 1920
vulgaris, ~Lirm 1914
var. elonga'ta, Wallr. 1910
WaMroth'ii, Rupr 1909
Chara, Bearded 1912
Braun's 1911
Bristly 1916-1918
Fetid 1914 & 1915
Foxtail 1909
Fragile 1920 & 1921
Rough 1919
Star-bearing 1910
Strawberry 1922
Tornentose 1913
Char don a fleurs menues (Ft.)
cre'pu (Ft.)
— penche (Ft.)
Charlock 83
Jointed 81
Sea 82
White 81
Wild 81
Charme commun (Ft.)
CHABOP'SIS
Braun'ii. Kiitz 1911
Chatarie commune (Ft.)
Cheddar Pink 193
Cheese-Rennet 648
CHEIRAXTHUS
CHE'IRI, Linn 106
fruticulo'sus, Linn 106
inca'nus, Linn 105
sinua'tus, Linn 104
Che'lidoine Eclair -e (Ft.)
CHELIDO'NIUM
cornicula'tum, Linn 65
Glau'cium, Linn 66
hyb'ridum, Linn 64
203 204 207 178 177 177 178 177
178 211 211 184 200 181 195 214 195 214 214 214 203 195 193 198 197 206 202 193 213 210 195 217 200 6 9 7 124 121 123 121 121 177
197 39 48
215
154 154 152
152 100
96 97 95
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Xll.
vii.
CHELIDO'NIUM
lacinia'tum. Mill 67b
MA'JUS, Linn 67a
Mill 67
var. lacinia'tum, Syme 67b
var. vulga'ris, Syme 67a
Chene a fruits pedoncules (Fr.),
99
99 99 99 99 146
sessiles (Ft.) 157
vni. viii.
CHEXOPODl'NA
marit'ima, Moq.-Tand.
1179
3 viii.
24 22 21
CHENOPO'DIUM
acutifo'lium, Sm 1186
AL'BUM,^«cf 1188-1190
Linn. Herb 1188
var. Benth 1191
var. can'dicans, Syme 1188
var. commu'ne, Moq.- Tand 1188
var. paga'num, Syme 1190
var. vir'ide, Moq.- Tand 1189
var. virides'cens, Moq.- Tand 1190
[ambrosioi'des, Linn.-] (ex-
cluded) 38
angulo'sum, Lam 1193 17
BO'NLS-HENRI'CUS,
Linn 1199
lotryoi'des, Bab 1197
Sm 1195
[Bo'trys, Linn.'] (excluded) 38
can'dicans, Lam 11S8 13
chry'so-melanosper'mum,
Bab 19
crassifo'lium, Hornm 23
cymo'sum, Chev 1185 11
deltoi'deum,~Lhm 19
eu-ru'brum, Syme 1196 & 1197 22
FICIFOLIUM,Sm 1191
fce'tidum, Linn 1187
frutico'si'm, Linn 1178
GLAU'CUM, Linn 1198
HYB'RIDUM, Linn 1193
interme'dium,N.ert. &Koch. 1194
var. melanosper'mum,
Schur
hiosptr'mum, DC. ... 1188-1190
marit'imum, Linn 1179
melanosper'mum, Wallr
[multif'idum, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 38
MURA'LE, Linn 1192 16
ol'idum, Curt 1187 12
[opulifo'lium, Schrad.] (ex-
cluded) 38
paga'num, Reich 1190 14
POLYSPER'MUM, Linn.
1185 & 1186 10 Sm 1185 11
|
11 |
vm. |
|
13 |
viii. |
|
13 |
viii. |
|
15 |
viii. |
|
13 |
viii. |
|
13 |
viii |
|
11 |
viii |
14 viii.
14 viii.
vm.
viii.
15
12 2
23 17 19
19
13
3
19
vm. viii. viii. viii. viii.
viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii- viii.
viii. viii. viii. viii.
viii. viii. viii.
vni. viii.
viii. viii.
244
ENGLISH LOT ANY.
PLATE PACE VOL.
acuti-
CHENOPODIUM
polysper'mum, var.
fo'lium, Syme
var. cymo'sum, Moq.-
Tand
var. spica'tum, Moq.-
Tand
■ rhomb if o'lium, Miihl
EU'BRUM, Linn. ... 1195-
Sm 1196 &
var. botryoi'des, Auct.
var. pseudobotryoi'des,
Wats
sero'tinum, Huds
[ Linn.'] (excluded)...
stramoniif o'lium, Chev. ...
UR'BICUM, Linn
Mert. & Koch
Sm
var. interme'diuni,
Koch
vir'ide, Curt
Linn
VULVA'RIA, Linn
CREBLE'BIA
sedoi'des, Linn
Cherle'rie gazonnante (Fr.)
Cherry, Bird
Dwarf
Wild
Chervil, Common
Garden
Rough
Wild
1186
1185
1186 1194 -1197 1197 1197
1197 1191
1193 1194
1194
1194 1191 1189 1187
240
413 412 411 622 623 625 624 1290
Chestnut, Sweet
Chevrefeuille des bois (Fr.)
haies (Fr.)
ja rd i7is (Fr. )
Chick weed, Berry-bearing 198
Broad-leaved Alpine 224
Mouse- ear 221
Common 229
Curtis's Mouse-ear 219
Dark Green Mouse- ear 218
Field 225
Hairy Alpine 223
leaved Willow-herb 505
Little Mouse-ear ... 220
Narrow-leaved
Mouse-ear 222
Sand 251
Three-styled Alpine 226
Umbelliferous
Jagged 216
Upright 217
Water...., 227
259
Winter-green 1139
11 viii.
11 viii.
11 viii.
19 viii.
20 viii. 22 viii. 22 viii.
22 viii.
15 viii.
38 viii.
17 viii.
18 viii.
19 viii. 19 viii.
19 viii.
15 viii.
14 viii.
12 viii.
108 ii.
109 ii. 124 iii. 123 iii. 120 iii.
166 iv.
167 iv. 169 iv.
168 iv. 159 viii.
207 iv.
208 iv. 206 iv.
55 ii.
8S ii.
85 ii. 95 ii.
80 ii.
79 ii.
89 ii.
86 ii.
21 iv.
81 ii.
84 ii.
126 ii.
91 ii.
76 ii.
77 ii.
92 ii. 137 ii. 142 vii.
FLATE PAGE VOL.
Chickweed, Wood 228 93 ii.
Chicore'e sauvage (Fr.) 123 v.
Chiendent dactyle (Fr.) 9 xi.
ChildingPink 196 52 ii.
Chives, Garden 1537 216 ix.
Greater 1538 216 ix.
CHILOCHLO'A
arena'ria, P. de B 1709 34 xi.
Boh'meri, P. de B 1708 33 xi.
CHIBO'NIA
Centau'rium, Curt 909 67 vi.
littora'lis, Sm 908, 908 (bis) 66 vi.
pulchel'la, Swartz 910, 910 (bis) 68 vi.
CHLO'EA
PERFOLIA'TA, Linn. ... 913 72 vi.
Chlore perfolie'e (Fr.) 72 vi.
CHLO'EIS
[compres'sa, IVees] (excluded) 203 xi.
Choin noirdtre (Fr.) 43 x.
Chou a feuilles rudes (Fr.) 136 i.
des champs (F r.) , 135 i.
Navet (Fr.) 134 i.
potager (Fr.) 130 i.
Christdom (Ger.) 220 ii.
Chrysantheme des bles (Fr.) 40 v.
grande Marguerite
(Fr.) 42 v.
inodore (Fr.) 47 v.
Matricaire (Fr.) 43 v.
CHEYSANTH'EMUM
CHAMOMIL'LA, E. Mey. 719 48 v.
INODO'RUM, C. H. Schultz
717 & 718 46 v. var. marit'imum, Pers. 718 46 v.
LEUCAN'THEMUM, Linn.
714 41 v.
[macrophyl'lum, W. & K.]
(excluded) 216 v.
PARTHENTUM, Pers.... 715 43 v.
SEG'ETUM, Linn 713 40 v.
TANACE'TUM, Syme ... 716 44 v.
CUB YSOCO'MA
Linosy'ris, Linn 777 112 v.
Chrysocome a feuilles de Lin (Fr.) 112 v .
CHRYSOSPLE'NIUM
ALTERNIFO'LIUM, Linn.
564 85 iv.
OPPOSITIFO'LIUM, Linn.
563 84 iv.
GIIBYSU'BUS
echina'tus, P. de B 1777 134 xi.
Cicely, Sweet 626 170 iv.
CICEN'DIA
Candol'lii, Griseb 911 70 vi.
FILIFOR'MIS, Delarb. ... 912 71 vi.
Least 911 70 vi.
PUSIL'LA, Griseb 911 70 vi.
Slender 912 71 vi.
IXDEX.
245
IV.
iv. iv.
111. iii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
CICER'BITA
alpi'na, Wallr 809
mura'lis, Wallr 808
CICHORIUM
IXTYBUS, Linn 786
CICUTA
YIRO'SA, Linn 571
Cicutaire ve'ne'iieuse (Fr.)
Cigue commune ou tachee (Fr.)
CINERARIA
campes'tris, Retz 760
integrifo'lia, "With 760
pahis'tris, Linn 759
Cinquefoil, Alpine Yellow 429
Creeping 432
Hoary 435
Marsh 437
Shrubby 436
Spring 428
Strawberry-flowered 434
CIRCEA
ALPI'NA, Linn 512
intermedia, Elirh
LUTETIA'NA, Linn 511
Circle commune (Fr.)
Circe'e des Alpes (Fr.)
Cirse afeuilles variables (Fr.)
des marais (Fr.)
des pres, on, a Angleterre
(Fr.)
la ineux (Fr.)
lance'ole (Fr.)
nain (Fr.)
tuherent (Fr.)
CIR'SIUM
acau'le, All 692 & 692 (bis)
An'glicum, Lam 690
arven'se, Scop 693 & 694
lulbo'sum, DC 689
erioph'orum, Scop 687
heterophyl'lum, All 691
lanceola'tum, Koch GS6
nemora'le. Reich
pcdus'tre, Scop 68S
seto'sum, M. Bieb 694
Cistenhlumiger Steinbrech (Ger.)
CIS'TUS
gutta'tus, Linn 165
Helian'themum, Linn 168
[ledifr/lius, Linn.] (ex-
cluded)
marifo'lius, Smith 167
polifo'lius, Linn 169
tomento'sus, Scop 168
Cladie marisque (Fr.)
CLA'DIUM
German 'icuni, Schrad 1580
MARIS'CUS, R.Br 1580
Clandestine ecailleuse (Fr.)
YOL. XII.
152
150
122
97
97
174
89
89
89 145 149 152 153 152 145 151
29 29 28 29 30 16 13
15 12 11 17 14
16 14 17 13 11 15 10 11 12 IS 73
7 10
235
9
11
10
45
44
44
190
PLATE PAGE
Clary, Meadow 1058 45
Small-flowered 1057 44
Wild English 1056 43
CLAYTO'NIA
PERFOLIA'TA, Don 260 137
Perfoliate 260 138
Cleavers 658 226
CLEMATIS
VITAL'BA, Linn L 2
Cle'matite blanche (Fr.) 3
Clinopode (Fr.) 32
CLINOPO'DIUM
vulga're, Linn 1047 31
Cloudberry 440 158
Clove Fink 194 49
Clover, Alsike 361 54
Cow 318 41
Crimson 352 45
Dodder 929 9:5
Dutch 362 55
Meadow 348 41
Red 347 39
"White 362 55
Yellow 337 25
Clubmoss, Common 1833 16
Fir 1830 12
Interrupted 1S32 15
Lesser Alpine 1829 10
Marsh 1831 14
Savin-leaved 1S34 17
Club-rush, Bristle-like 1594 60
Chocolate-headed ... 15S9 55
Floating 1592 58
Least 1591 56
Link's 15S7 53
Many-stemmed 1588 54
Marsh 15S6 52
Rjund-headed 1595 62
Savi's 1593 59
Scaly-stemmed 1590 56
. Sea 1601 69
Slender 1585 51
Wood 1602 70
Cluster Pine 1381 271
CNI'CUS
acau'lis, Willd.. ..692 & 692 (bis) 16
arven'sis, Hoffin 693 & 694 17
erioph'orus, "Wild 687 11
Forstefri, Sin 695 19
heterophyl'lus, Willd 691 15
lanceola'tus, Willd 686 10
palus'tris, WilW 688 12
prdten'sis, Willd 690 14
tubero'ms, Willd 689 13
CNI'DIUM
Srta'^, Spreng 604 139
COCHLEA' RI A
alpi'na, Watson 131 1S6
K
VOL.
vii. vii. vii.
vii. iii.
ill.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
x.
x.
2-46
ENGLISH BOTANY.
184 137
105
PLATE PAGE VOL.
COCHLEA'RIA.
AN'GLICA, Linn 133 187
ABMOBA'CIA, Idrm. ... 129 183
coron'opus, Linn 160 221
da'nica, Linn 132 186
Dra'ba, Linn 158 218
groenlan'dica, Sin 131 186
officinalis, Linn 130 185
var. o, Hook. & Arn. 130 185
var. cdpi'na, Bab 131 186
var. 7, Hook. & Arn. 132 186
POLVMOKTHA, Byrne
130-132
Cock's-foot-gras?, Rough 1778
CCELOGLOSSUM
vir'ide, Hartm 1462
COL'CHICUM
AUTUMNA'LE, Linn.
1544 & 1545
Colchique d'automne (Fr.)
Coleseed 88
Wild 89
Colewort, Sea 87
COLLO'MIA
[grandiflo'ra, Dougl~] (excluded)
|
225 |
is. |
|
225 |
ix. |
|
134 |
i. |
|
135 |
i. |
|
130 |
i. |
|
83 |
vi |
|
116 |
V |
|
118 |
V |
|
119 |
V |
|
61 |
i |
|
153 |
iii |
|
153 |
iii |
|
116 |
vii |
|
117 |
vii |
Coltsfoot, Common 7S0
Sweet-scented 781
White 782
Columbine, Common 46
Comaret dea marais (Fr.)
COM' AHUM
pahis'tre, linn 437
Comfrey, Common 1115 & 1116
Tuberous 1H7
CONFER'VA
[nidif'ica, Midler] (ex-
cluded; 191 xiL
CONIUM
MACULA'TOI, Linn. ... 629 173 iv
CONOPODIUM
denuda'tum, Koch 5S4 113 iv.
CONBIN'GIA
orienta'lis, Reich 101
thalia'na, Reich 115
Consoude officinale (Fr.) 116
t ulxfre me (Fr.) 117
CONVALLA'EIA
bifo'lia, linn 1510
MAIA'LIS, Linn 1514
muitiflo'ra, Linn 1513
Polygona'tum, Linn 1512
vertieilla'ta, Linn 1511
CONVOL'VULUS
ABVEN'SIS, Linn 923
SBTIUM, Linn 924
SOLDANEL'LA, Linn.... 925
Convolvulus 923-925
|
148 |
l. |
|
163 |
i. |
|
116 |
vii. |
|
117 |
vii. |
|
175 |
ix |
|
180 |
ix |
|
177 |
ix |
|
178 |
ix. |
|
176 |
ix. |
85 86 87
TLATE PAGE
CONY'ZA
squarro'sa, Linn 767 99
Coral Peony 50 69
Root, Common 1487 133
Spurge 1259 105
Coralline de Hailer (Fr.) 133
CORALLORKETZA
INNA'TA, Br 14S7 132
Coral wort, Bulbiferous 107 157
Cord-grass, Many-spiked 1688 6
Twin-spiked 1687 5
COB EOF SIS
Bi'dens, Linn 763 93
Coriander, Common 632 179
Coriandre cultive' (Fr.) 179
CORIAN'DRUM
SATTVUM,Linn 632 178
Corn Bedstraw, Hi=pid-fruifed 657 225
Bough 659 227
Chamomile 721 & 722 52
Cockle 215 74
Crowfoot 38 46
Gromwell H02 97
Horsetail 1889 152
Marigold 713 40
Mint 1038-1040 21
Mustard 83 124
Parsley 577 105
Poppy 58 88
Rose 58 88
Snapd-agon 954 132
Sow-thistlj 813 155
Bpnmy 252 128
var. jB 253 128
Woundwort 1072 60
Cornel, Dwarf 634 186
Corn-flower 709 34
Gornifle submerge' QH:.") 124
Corni'sh Bladler-seed 630 176
Heath 892 42
Moneywort 1499 148
Cornouillier (Fr.) 1S6
CornouiUer sanguin (Fr.) 187
COR'XUS
SANGUIN'EA, Linn 635 186
SUE'CICA, Linn 634 186
COEONA'BIA
Flos-cucu'li, Brann 212 71
CORONIL'LA
va'ria. Linn, (excluded) 113
COBO'NOPUS
did'yma, Sm 159 220
Buel'lii, Gaert 160 221
CORRIGI'OLA
LITTOEA'LIS, Linn. ...1170 177
COBVISAB'TIA
HeU'nium, Merat 766 97
CORYDALIS
CLAVICULA'TA, DC. ... 70 103
v-
i.
ix.
viii.
ix.
l.
xi.
xi.
V.
iv. iv.
iv. v.
ii.
i. vii. xii.
v.
vii.
i.
INDEX.
247
PLATE PAGE
CORYD'ALIS
digita'ta, Pera OS 101
LU'TEA, DC 09 102
SOL'IDA, Hool; 6S 101
Corydalis 69 103
Solid-rooted 68 102
hvrilb -<(Fr.) 104
jaune (Ft-) 103
taberetsse (Ft.) 102
COEYLUS
AYELLA'XA, Linn 1292 170 viii.
Corynephore llanehdtre (Fr.) 62 xi.
COEYNEPH'OEUS
e AXES'CEXS, P. de B. 1729 02 xi.
COTONEASTEB
YULGA'EIS, Lindl 477 233 iii.
Common 477 234 iii.
Cotonnier commnn (Fr.) | 68 v
en AJene (Fr.) 72 v.
Cottun-grass, Alpine 1603 71 x.
Common, var. a 1605 74 x.
var. 7 ... 1006 74 x.
Downy-Stalked ... 160S 70 x.
Hare's-tdl 1004 72 x.
Slender 1607 75 x.
Cotton- weed, Seaside 725 55 v.
COTYLEDON
lu'tea, Huds. (excluded) 63
UMBILI'CUS, Linn 539 62
CotyWoti Ombilic (Fr.) 03
Couch-grass, Common 1810 178
Decumbent S>_a ... 1812 183 xi.
Erect Sea 1S11 181 xi.
Sand 1813 184 xi.
Wood 1S09 177 xi.
Cmidrier noisetier (Fr.) 171 viii.
Low Clover 348 41 iii.
Cress 156 217 i.
Parsley 024 16S iv.
Parsnip, Common 613 154 iv.
Cowslip ' 1130 134 vii.
Oxlip 1133 137 vii.
Cow-wheat, Common 10.H-1003 ISO vi.
Crested 1000 184 vi.
Field 1001 1S4 vi.
Wood 1005 187 vi.
Crab-apple 489 255 iii.
CBAC'CA
ma'jor, Frank 3S5 87 iii.
mi' nor, Kiv 382 S4 iii.
Crack Willow 1306 207 viii.
CKAM'BE
MAIUT'DIA, Linn SO 119
Crambt (Fr.) 118
maritime (Fr.) 11'.)
Cran de Bretagne (Fr.) 1S3
Cranberry, American (excluded
species) 54
iv.
iv. iv. xi.
TLATE PACE 1
Cranberry, Marsh 870 21
Crane's-bill, Bloody 293 192
Blue Meadow 297 196
Duskv 294 193
Jagged-leaved 302 201
Knotty 295 194
Long-ltalked 303 202
Mountain 298 197
Kound-leaved 301 200
Shining 3(14 203
Small-tiowered 300 199
Soft 299 198
Wood 296 195
Crayon (Fr.) 182
de Bretagnt - (Fr.) 183
officinal (Ft.) 185
CEAT/E'GUS
JV/a, Linn, (in part) 4S2 243
Linn, (in part) 483 244
var. a. Scun'dica, Linn.
484 245
var. £. Sue'cica, Linn. 484 245
var. 7, Linn 4S5 247
monog'yna, Jaeq 480 237
OXYACANTHA, Linn.
479 & 4S0 236
Jacq 479 236
var. £. mono'qyna,
Bab '. 4S0 237
oxyaeanthoi'des, ThuiU. ... 479 236
torminu'liSjJjhm 4S1 241
Creeping Cintraefoil 332 149
Crowfoot 34 41
Jenny 1144 149
Tormentil 431 148
Crepide a feuilles de Pissenlit
(Fr.) 159
de Sisymbre
(Fr.) 162
bis-annneiie (Fr.) 162
felide (Fv.) 158
)u'ris*e. (Fr.) 100
verte(Fr.) •. 101
CEE'PIS
BIEN'XIS, Linn 819 161
FCETIDA, Linn 815 157
hieracioi'des, Willd 826 162
PALUDO'SA, ffiach...'.*. 821 103
[pul'chra, Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 217
SETO'SA.jffoB.^I 817 159
SUCCISIFO'LIA, Tausck. S20 102
TARAXACIFO'LIA,
ThuiU 816 158
hcto'rum, Sm SIS 100
VI'KEXS, Linn 818 160
Cress, Alpine Rock H3 165
American 124 176
Amphit'ious Yellow 128 182
Annual Yellow 127 181
in. iii.
in. id.
248
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE
Cress, Bitter 108 158
Bristol Rock 114 166
Common Water 125 178
Common Wall 115 164
Cornfield Penny 144 202
Cow 156 217
Creeping Yellow 126 180
Early Winter 124 176
Field Penny 144 202
Fringed Rock 117 167
Garden 155 152
Green Alpine Penny 148 207
Hairy Rock 116 167
Hairy Wall 116 166
Lesser Wart 159 221
Long-styled Alpine Penny 147 206
Marsh Yellow 127 181
Pendulous-podded Wall 118 169
Perfoliate-leaved Bastard 145 204
Perfoliate Penny 145 204
Shepherd's 150 209
Short-styled Alpine Penny 146 205
Smooth Tower Wall 119 170
Swine's 160 222
Thalius'Wall 115 164
Tower Wall 118 169
Wart 160 222
Winter 120 171
Cresson (Fr.) 176
amphibie (Fr.) 182
d'Amfrique (Fr.) 176
defontaine (Fr.) 178
des maraix (Fr.) 181
officinal (Fr.) ITS
sauvage (Fr.) 180
Crested Cow- wheat 1000 1S4
Dog's tail-grass 1776 134
Hair-grass 1746 89
Shield-fern 1853 70
Grit hme maritime (Fr.) 143
CRITH'MUM
MARITTMUM, Linn. ... 606 142
CKO'CUS
AU'REUS, Sibth 1498 150
[autumna'lis, Sm.J (excluded) ... 155
BIFLO'RUS, Mill 1497 149
Golden 1498 151
lu'teus, Lam 151
min'imus, Hook. & Am. ... 1497 149
multifidus, Lam 1500 154
Naked-flowering 1500 154
NUDIFLO'RTJS, 8m 1500 154
prse'cox, Haw 1497 149
Purple 1419 154
reticula'tus, Sm 1497 149
[sati'vus, Linn.'] (excluded) 155
Scotch 1497 150
specio'sus, Wils 1500 154
VER'NUS, .1/? 1499 153
Cross leaved Bedstraw 646 213
IX.
ix.
ix.
TLATE
Cross-leaved Heath 888 & 889
Crowberry 1251
Crowfoot, Baudot's Water ... 22 & 23 Bulbous-rooted 35
Celandine 39
Celery-leaved 27
Corn 38
Creeping 34
Floating Water 16
Golden-haired 32
Hairy 36
Ivy-leaved Water 26
Lenormand's Water... 25
Rigid-leaved Water... 15
River 16
Small-flowered 37
Three-lobed Water ... 24
Upright Meadow 33
Water 21
Wood 32
Wood Anemone 12
Crow Garlic 1534
CRUCIANELLA
stylo'sa, DC. (excluded)
CRYP'SIS
[aculea'ta, Ait.~] (excluded)
CRYPTOGRAM'ME
CRISTA, R. Brown 1844
CTENOFTEBIS
vulga'ris, Newm 1842
(109
1213
Cuckoo-pint, Common 1392
Italian 1393
Ciccuhale porte-haies (Fr.)
CUCU'BALUS
bac'cifer, G'artn 198
BACCIF'ERUS, Linn 198
Be'hen, Linn 199
ital'icus, Linn 208
Oti'tes, Linn 206
Cudweed, Common 736
Dwarf. 745
Highland 744
Jersey 742
Marsh 741
Narrow-leaved 740
Red-tipped 737
blender 739
Spathulate 738
Upright 743
Curled Dock 1218
Grainlesa 1219
Mint 1028
Pondweed 1413
Cuckoo Flower
Currant, Black 523
Cultivated bed 520
Tasteless Mountain ... 519
Wild Red 521 & 522
PAOE
38,39 94 26 42 49 32 46 41 19 37 44 30 29 17 19 45 28 39 24 37 13 211
233
203
44
3S 159 72 14 16 55
54 54 56 65 63 68 76 75 74 73 72 69 71 70 75 50 51 12 44 45 42 41 45
TOt
vi.
viii.
i.
v. v.
v.
V. V. V. V.
V.
V.
viii.
viii.
vii.
ix.
INDEX.
249
PLATE PACE
CUSCU'TA
[corymho'sa, Ruiz & Pav.] (ex-
cluded) 93
densiflo'ra, Soy .-Villm 926
EPILI'NUM, Weihe 926
EPITHY'MUM, Murr. ... 928
EUROP^E'A, Murr 927
Linn 927
var. epithy'mum, Linn. 928
var. nef'rens, Fr
Smith, Eng. Bot 928
[Hassi'aca, Pfeiff.'] (excluded)...
ma'jor, DC 927
mi'nor, DO 928
[racemo'sa, Engelm.] (excluded)
\_xuav' eolens, Ser.] (excluded) ...
TRIFO'LII, Bah 929
Cuscute a grandes fleurs (Er.)
a petites fleurs (Fr.)
Strangle lin (Fr.) 89
Tre/Ze(Fr.) 93
|
89 |
VI. |
|
89 |
vi. |
|
91 |
vi. |
|
90 |
vi. |
|
90 |
vi. |
|
91 |
vi. |
|
90 |
vi. |
|
91 |
vi. |
|
93 |
vi. |
|
90 |
vi. |
|
91 |
vi. |
|
93 |
vi. |
|
93 |
vi. |
|
92 |
vi. |
|
91 |
vi. |
|
92 |
vi. |
140 141 140
|
93 |
vi. |
|
3 |
xi. |
|
102 |
xii. |
|
102 |
xii. |
|
104 |
xii. |
|
104 |
xii. |
|
10G |
xii. |
|
104 |
xii. |
|
140 |
vii. |
|
156 |
vii. |
|
140 |
vii. |
|
140 |
vii. |
140 vii.
CUSCUTI'NA
[suav'eolens, Pfeiff.] (excluded)
Cut-grass, European 1G8G
CYATH'EA
denta'ta, Smith 1865
frag'ilis, Sin 1864
var. alpi'na, Bab. ... 1866
inci'sa, Sm 1866
monta'na, Sm 1868
reg'ia, Forst 1866
CYCLAMEN
Europx'um, Sm 1136-1138
[ Linn.] (excluded)
ficarixfo'lium, Reich 1138
hederxfo'linm, Reich. 1136, 1137
HEDERlFO'LIUM,TFi7M.
1136-1138
var. ficariifo'lium,
Syme 1138
Ivy-leaved 1136-1138
Neapolita' num, Ten. 1136-1138
Cyclamen a feuilles delierre (Fr.) 141
CY'NODON
DAC'TYLON, Pers 1690 8
Cynoglosse de montagne (Fr.) 120
officinale (Fr.) 119
CYNOGLOS'SUM
OFFICINALE, Linn. ... 1118 118 vii
var. subgla'brum,
Syme 118
MONTA'NUM, Lam 1119 119
sylrat'icum, Hanke 1119 119
Cynosure a crete (Ft.) 134
fc<«Ws«f(Fr.) 135
CYNOSU'RUS
cxru'leus, Linn 1710 36
CRISTA'TUS, Linn 1776 133
vii. vii. vii.
vii.
xi.
vii. vii.
vii. vii.
vii.
|
134 |
xi. |
|
164 |
X. |
|
41 |
X. |
|
41 |
X. |
|
41 |
X. |
|
109 |
ii. |
|
108 |
viii. |
|
55 |
v. |
|
108 |
viii. |
136
TLATE PAGE VOL.
CYNOSU'RUS
ECHINA'TUS, Linn 1777
Cypergrasahnliche Segge (^Ger.)
CYPE'RUS
FUS'CUS, Linn 1577
LON'GUS, Linn 1578
Brown 1577
Cyphel, Mossy 240
Cypress Spurge 1262
Cypressen Kraut (Ger )
Wdtfsmilch (Ger.)
CYPRIPE'DIUM
CAL'CEOLUS, Linn 1490
CYSTOP'TERIS
Allio'ni, Newm 1868
alpi'na, Desv 1866 & 1867
Link 1866
denta'ta part), Bab 1867
Dickiea'na, R. Sim 1867
eu-frag'ilis, Syme... 1864 & 1865
FRAG'ILIS, Bemh. 1864-1867
var. denta'ta, Hook. 1865
var. Dickiea'na, Milde
1864 & 1865 var. Dickiea'na, Moore 1867
MONTA'NA, Bemh 1868
myrrhidifo'lia, Newm 1868
reg'ia, Presl 1866
CYT'ISUS
scopa'rius, Link 329
|
106 |
xii. |
|
103 |
Xll. |
|
104 |
xii. |
|
104 |
xii. |
|
104 |
xii. |
|
101 |
xii. |
|
101 |
xii. |
|
102 |
xii. |
|
101 |
xii |
|
104 |
xii |
|
106 |
xii |
|
106 |
xii |
|
104 |
xii |
11
DABOE'CIA
polifo'lia, Don
Dach Hauslach (Ger.)
Dactyle agglomere" (Fr.)
DACTYLIS
cynosuroi'des, Linn.
parte)
filifor'mis. R61
GLOMERA'TA, Linn.
hispan'ica, Linn
stric'fa, Soland
Daffodil, Common
Short-crowned
885
(ex
1687 1691
Daisy
Damask Violets ,
BAMASO'NWM
stella turn, Pers -...
Dame's Violet
Dandelion
Danewort
DANTHO'NIA
decum'bens, DC
strigo'sa, P. de B
Dcurfhome de'combante (Fr.).
DAPHNE
LAURE'OLA, Linn. .
MEZE'REUM, Linn. ,
33
61 137
4
10
1778 136
137
1687 4
1501 159
1502 161 772 105 103 151
1442 74
103 151
802 144
638 201
1745 1740
IV.
xi.
xi.
xi. ix. ix.
1247 1246
87
77 87
86 84
xi. xi.
Till.
viii.
250
ENGLISH BOTANY.
Daphne bois gent ii (Ft.) 85
laiir&ie (Fr.)
PLATE PAGE VOL.
viii.
viii.
xi.
87 188
Darnel, Common 1S16 & 1817
DATURA
BTKAMCNTDM, Linn.... 935 103 vi.
var. Tat'ula, Syme 103 vi.
Tat'ula, Linn 103 vi.
DAU'CUS
CABu'TA, Linn. ... G15 & 616 156
Caro'ta, Sm 615 157
var. gum'iuifer, Syme 616 157
gum'mifer, Lam 616 157
marif imas, With 616 157
Dauphindle (Fr.) Co L
fZes champs (Fr.) 61 i.
DaraFsche Segge (Ger.) 80 x.
Deadly Nightshade 930-934 j^} vi.
Dead-nettle, Cut-leaved 1083
Henbit 1081
Intermediate 1082
Eed 1084
Spotted 10S5
White 1086
|
72 |
VII. |
|
70 |
vii. |
|
71 |
Vll. |
|
73 |
vii. |
|
74 |
vii. |
|
75 |
vii. |
DELPHINIUM
A JA'CIS, Beieh 47a C2
CONSOL'IDA, Linn 47b 63
eansol'ida, Auet. Angl 47a 62
eansol'ida, var. pubesfeens,
Lowe 47a 62 i.
Deltabhimige Xelke (Ger.) 47 ii.
DENTA'BIA
bulbifera, Auct. Plur 107 156 i.
Deptford Pink 191 46 ii.
DESCHAMFSIA
aZj»'na,B. &S 1731 65 xi.
casspito'sa, P. de B 1730 204(64) xi.
dis' color, Crep 1733 68 xi.
flexuo'sa, Trin 1732 67 xi.
TftittHteVt,Gren.&Godr.... 1733 68 xi.
Deschampsie flexutuse (Fr.) 67 xi.
Deutsche Lonitzere (Ger.) 207 iv.
MtspeJ (Ger.) 235 iii.
D'utsches SchimmeUcraut (Ger.) 68 v.
Deutsche Schneide (Ger.) 45 x.
Deutscher Ziest (Ger.) 57 vii.
Devale 934 102 vi.
Devil's-bit Scabious 677 250 iv.
Dewberry 456 197 iii.
DEYFI'XIA
neglec'ta, Kunth ... 1725 & 1726 55 xi.
DIAX'THUS
AEME'EIA, Linn 191 45 ii.
CjE'SIUS, Linn 193 48 ii.
CABYOPHYI/LTJS,iinn. 194 49 ii.
DELTOrDES, Linn 192 46 ii.
var. glau'cus, Syme 46 ii.
ijliu'crts, Linn 46 ii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
DIAX'THUS
PLUMATtlUS, Linn 195 50 ii.
PEO'LIFEB, Linn 196 51 ii.
DICHODON
cerastoi'des, Reich 226 90 ii.
DICHOS'TFLIS
jZu'i&uu, Beaav 1592 57 x.
Dichtblattriges SamJaraut (Ger.) 45 ix.
Dickblattrige Sdlzmiere (Ger.) 107 ii.
DickvmrzeUge Walhcurz ^Ger.) 117 vii.
DIERVIL'LA
[canadensis, WiBcL] (ex-
cluded) 210 iv.
Digitals rougeatre (Fr.) 1-7 vi,
DIGITA'LIS
PUEPU'EEA, Linn 952 127 vi
DIGIT ARIA
[eilia'ris, P. de £.] (ex-
cluded) 19S xi
glan>ra,U.&S 1691 10 xi
HUMIFU'SA. Pers 1691 10 xi
[sanguina'lis, P. de B.~] (excluded) 198 xi
DI'GRAPHIS
AEUNDINA'CEA, Trin. 1697 19 xi
DIOTIS
candidis'sima, Desf 725 55 v
MAEIT'DIA, Cass 7.'5 55 v
Diplotaxe a/euilies memoes (Fr.) = . 140 i
des murs (Fr.) 141 i
DLTLOTAX'IS
mura'lis, DC
tenuifolia, DC
vi'minea, DC
DIP'SACUS
FULLO'NUM, Mill
PILtySUS, Limn
SYLYESTEIS, Linn
syhes'tris, var Benth
DISCHA'SIUM
parallelogra'mum, A. E-raun
putrutis'simum, A. Braun
IHstelartige Flochenblunv: (Ger.)
Dock, Bloody-veined
Broad-leaved
|
94 |
140 |
|
93 |
139 |
|
95 |
142 |
675 676 674 675
-Curled
-Fiddle
— Golden
-- GraraLesB Curled.
— Great Water ....
— Hartman's
— Meadow
— Sharp
--Yellow Marsh....
Dodder, Clover ,
Flax ...
Great...
Lesser .
Thvmc
1211
1215
1218
1214
1212
1219
1220
1217
1216
1210
1213
929
926
927
928
92S
247
248 245 247
60 60 37 42 47 50 45 43 51 52 49 48 41 44 93 89 91 92 92
xn. xii.
v. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii.
vi.
INDEX.
251
TLATE
Dog-rose, Columnar-styled 475
Common 474
Dog Violet, Dillenius's 175
GeraraVs 173
■ Haller's 177
Reiehenbach's 174
Sand 174 (bis)
Smith's 176
Dog's-Mereury, Animal 1269 & 1270
Peivnnial 12G8
tail-grass, Crested 1774
Rough 1777
— -tooth-grass, Creeping ... 1690
PAGE VOL.
231 iii.
226
99
in. ii.
Dogwood. Common 635
Bold snbluthige Schwanenblume
(Ger.)
• Spurre (Ger.)
Doldiges Eabichtskraut (Ger.)
Doppehaine Ger.)
Dorine a /turtles alternes (Fr.)
opposees (Fr.) ...
Dornige Hauhechel (Ger.)
DOEONICUM
PARDALIAX'CHES,
Linn 761
PLAXTAGIS'EOI. Linn. 762
Dorouie a feuHles de Plantain
(Fr.)!
en etfiir (Fr.) ...
Dusttnbldttriger Schoteniceiderich
(Ger.)
DEA'BA
AIZOI'DES, Linn 138
brachycar'pa, Jord. (Fig. 2) 134
confu'sa, Ehrh
eu-ver'na, Syme... (Fig. 1) 134
hir'ta, Sm 137
DJCA'NA, Linn 136
infla'ta, Watson ... (Fig. 3) 134
MURATiLS, Linn 135
precox, Reich. ... (Fig. 2) 134
RUPES'TRIS, B. Brown 137
YER'XA, Linn 134
Reich (Fig. 1) 134
£, Koch (Fig. 2) 134
£, Hook. & Arn.
(Fig. 3) 134
Draw (Ft)
Uanchdtre (Fr.)
des mars (Ft.)
des rockers (Fr.)
printaniere (Fr.)
20 ii. 23 ii.
21 ii. 236 ii.
22 ii. 117 viii. 115 viii.
134 xi.
135 si. 9 xi.
137 iv.
76 ix
76 ii.
204 v.
140 i.
S5 iv.
84 iv.
16 iii.
91
92
92 91
Brt iblattriger Biber (Ger.)
Ehrenpreis (Ger.)
WoUgras (Ger.)...
Dreifarbiges VeUehen (Ger.)
Dreifingeriger Steinbrech (Ger.) Dre ifu rch ige 1 1 ' tsst rlinse (Ger.)
Breihbrniges Labkraut
Breinetvige Saudkraut (Ger.) ...
v.
v.
21 iv.
194 190 193 1S9 193 192 191 191 190 193 189 1S9 190
191 1SS 193 192 194 189 79 154
ID
17 227 101
TLATE PAGE
Dreispalti/je Binse (Ger.) 14
Breithettiger Wasser-dost (Ger.) 95
Drooping Ash 59
Star of Bethlehem ... 1523 195
Dropwort 416 129
Callous-fruited Water- 594 126
Common Water- 593 125
Fine-leaved Water- ... 598 131
Hemlock Water- 597 129
Parsley Water- 596 128
River Water- 599 132
Sulphurwort Water-... 595 127
DROS'ERA
AXG'LICA, Hud* 1S3 32
INTERME'DIA, Heyn.... 184 33
longifolia, " Linn.," AucL
Plur 183 32
"Linn.,' Smith 1S4 83
obova'ta, Mert 32
EOTtrNDIFOXIA, Linn. 1S2 30
rot undifo'lio-ang'lica, Syme 33
Drusenhaarige Fetthenne (Ger.) 51
Dnjade a liuit pttales (Fr.) 202
DRY'AS
depres'sa, Bab 201
OCTOPET ALA, Z7/!n. ... 460 201
var. depres'sa, Syme 201
DRYOFTEBIS
abbreviate:, Xewin 61
api'ais, Xewm 59
Bor'reri, Xewm 60
Fi'lix-mas.Schott 1850 57
Duckling Vetch 404 109
Duckweed, Gibbous 1396 23
Greater 1397 24
Ivy-leaved 1394 17
Lesser 1395 22
Rootless 1398 25
Dunkelgriiner Schoteniceiderich
(Ger.) 18
Diinnbldttriger Lein (Ger.) 184
Durchlochertes Hartlieu, or Jo-
hannis Kraut (Ger.) 149
Durchwachsender Bitterling (Ger.) ... 72
Fitifchicachsendes Samkraid (Ger.) ... 43
Dutch Clover 362 55
Rush 1894 162
Duval's Simse (Ger.) 65
Dwale 934 102
Dwarf Adder's-tongue 1836 22
Birch 1297 188
Cherrv 412 123
Cornel 634 1S6
Cudweed 745 76
Elder 638 201
Furze 325 7
Grasswrack 1431 62
Mallow 2S2 169
Meadow-L'rass 1759 111
iv.
iii.
m. iii.
xn. xii. xii. xii.
vi. xii.
viii. iii. iv.
252
ENGLISH BOTANY.
TLATE
Dwarf Spunre 1266
Thistle 692
Willow 1356-1362
Dyers' Green Weed 328
— Weed HI
Woad 161
deB. 1602 12 xi.
628 172 iv.
Early Hair-grass 1735
Purple Orchis 1155
Sand-grass 16S9
Spider Orchis, var. a 1169
Winter Cress 121
Earth-nut, Common 581
Great 583
Earth-Smoke, Common 76
Eampant 71
Ebenstraussige Vogelmilch (Ger.)
Eberesche (Ger.)
ECHIXOCHLO'A
CEUS-GAL'LI, P
ECHLXOPH'OEA
SPLNO'SA, Linn.
ECHLNOSPER'MILU
defiex'uru, Lehm. (excluded) ...
Lap'pula, Lehm. (excluded) ...
E'CHIOI
Ital'ieum, Auct. Angl
PLANTAGIN'EUAI, Linn.
1096
viola'eeum. Koch 1096
VULGA'EE, Linn 1095
Edelminze (Ger.)
Ectte Garhe (Ger.)
Eglantine 468
Egopode des goutteux (Ft.)
Eiblattriger Frauenflachs (Ger.)
Eichhornschioanz-Sch wingel (Ger.)
Eichtrose (Ger.)
Einh'dJziges Ried (Ger.)
Einbldttriges Zweihbrft (Ger.)
Einbliithiges Perlgras (Ger.)
Wintergriin (Ger.)
Einfache Ingrfskolbe (Ger.)
Eingeschnittene Taubnersd (Ger.)
Eimjricachsene Korallenwurz (Ger.)..,
Einjahriger Know I (Ger.)
Z«V*f (Ger.)
Einjdhriges BingeUrraut ((ier.)
ffispengras (Ger.)
PAGE
112 17
248
10
5
223
72 98 8 112 176 111 113 111 108 196 248
VOL.
viii.
IX.
xi.
122 121
Til.
vii.
89 vii.
EinknoUige Bugicurz (Ger.)
Eisenhut(GexS)
ELATTXE
HEXAN'DRA, DC 262
HYDKOPI'PER, Linn.... 263
var. 0, Linn 262
paludo'sa, Scub 262
ScAfeurta'nu, Drev.&Hayne 263
trip'f ala, Sm 26:i
Elatine a six eiamines (Er.)
89 89
88 16,20
58 210 109 136 113
69
53 121
91
52 7
72 133 1S2
61 117 112 110
65
111 112 111 111 112 111 141
VLl.
vii. vii. vii.
v.
iii.
iv.
vi.
xi. i. x.
ix.
si.
vi.
ix. vii.
ix. vii.
vii. viii.
xi.
PIATT. PACE VOL.
Elatine Poirre cTccm (Fr.) 142 ii.
Elder, Common 637 200 iv.
Dwarf 638 201 iv.
E mpane 766 9S v.
ELEOCHARIS.
See Hellocharis. ELEOGITON.
See Heleogitox. ELEUSI'NE
[In'dica, Garfn.] (excluded) 203 xi.
Eller (Ger.) 1™ vii'-
Elm, Broad-leaved 12-7 142 viii.
Common, var. a 1285 138 viii.
Common, var. 7 1286 139 viii.
ELO'DRA
CANADENSIS, Mich. ... 1446 81 ix.
ELODES
fakuftris, Spach 276 159 ii.
Elsbeere (Ger.) 212 iii.
Elymed' Europe (Fr.) 191 xi.
EL'YMUS
AEEXA'REUS.L 1819 190 xi.
carinas, L 1S09 176 xi.
Evropafus,l 1820 192 xi.
[genicula'tus, Curt.'] (excluded) 202 xi.
ELY'NA
carici'na. Mert. & Koch ... 1609 77 x.
EMPETKUM
NTGBTJM, Linn 1251 93 viii.
Enchanters Nightshade. Alpine 512 30 iv.
Common 511 29 iv.
END YM' ION
Mmscritftus, Garcke 1528 200 ix.
nu'tans, Du Mort 1528 200 ix.
ENGEL1IANNIA
[sttOB'eofefw.PfeJffi] (excluded)... 93 vi.
Englische Kratzdistd (Ger) 15 v-
Englischer Bonnenthau, (Fr.) 33 ii.
EngUsches Habiehtskraut (Ger.) 181 v.
Baygra* (Ger.) 186 xi.
Engriffeleger Wei&sdom (Ger.) 23S iii.
ENODIUM
atro-vi'rens, Dum 90 xi.
caru'leum, Dum 1747 90 xi.
Gaud 1717 90 xi.
Entferntahrige Segge (Ger.) 97, 150 x.
Euerviere a feuiUes de Pre'nanthe
(Fr.) 211 v.
d' Orange (Fr.) 167 v.
des murs (Fr.) 192 v.
embras&ante (Fr.) 1<9 v.
en OmheUe (Fr.) 204 v.
PiloseUe (Ft.) 166 v.
vetue (Ft.) 181 v.
Epheu Sommtricurz (Ger.) 199 vi.
Epheublattrige Wahlehbergie (Ger.) ... 19 vi.
Epheublattriger Ehrenprei* (Ger.) 150 vi.
Frauznjiachs (Ger.)... 131 vi.
INDEX.
258
PLATE PAGE
Epiaire annuelle (Fr.) 61
d'AUemagne (Ger.) 57
(bs hois (Ft.) 60
des champs (Ft.) 55,60
■ des marais (Fr.) 57
EpUdbe a feuiUea de Bomarin
(Fr.) 7
apetMesfleurs(Fi.) 12
de montagne (Fr.) 13
des marais') (Fr.) 19
enepi(¥t.) 10
he'risse (Ft.) 11
obscur (Fr.) IS
Llose(Fr.) 15
• te'tragone (Fr.) 17
EPILOBIOI
adna'tum, Griseb 502
ALITXOI. Linn 507
, — Koch 506
var. Hook. & Am 506
ALSIXIFO'LIUM. Vm... 505
AXAGALLIDIFO'LIUM,
Lam 506
angustifo'li urn, height 496 8
AXGUSTIFO'LIUM. Linn.
495 & 496 7
Lam 494 7
var. a, Hook. & Am. 496 8
var. j3, Hook. & Am. 405 8
var. braehycar'pum,
496 8
var. macrocar'pum,
Syme 495 8
august is'simum, Bertol 494 7
braehycar'pum, Lei*kt 496 8
coUinum, Gmel 13
Dodonx'i, Till 494 7
HIRSU'TDM, Linn 497
Lam'yi, F. Schnltz
LANCEOLA'TUMLfl
Maur. 500
ligula'tum, Baker
macrocar'pum, Steph 495
MONTA'NUM, Linn 499
OBSCU'BUM, Sehreb 503
origanifo1ium,Lsaa 505
PALTJS'TBE, Linn 504
FAKYIFLO'EOI. Sehreb. 498
rivuhi're, Wahl
RCSEUM, Sehreb 501
ro'seum, var. Bentk 500
ROSMARIXIFO'LIUM,
Hancke 494
spica'tum, Lam 495 & 496
0. la'tum, Ser 496
srjlvat'icurn, Boreau 499
TETEAGO'XDLIfHH... 502
var. Bentk 503
virga'tum, Gr. & Godr 503
VOL. XII.'
VOL.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
16 iv.
22 iv.
21 iv.
21 iv.
19 iv.
21 iv.
iv. iv.
|
10 |
iv. |
|
17 |
iv. |
|
14 |
iv. |
|
19 |
iv. |
|
8 |
iv. |
|
12 |
iv. |
|
17 |
iv. |
|
19 |
iv. |
|
IS |
iv. |
|
11 |
iv. |
|
12 |
iv. |
|
15 |
iv. |
|
14 |
iv. |
|
7 |
iv. |
|
7,8 |
iv. |
|
8 |
iv. |
|
13 |
iv. |
|
16 |
iv. |
|
17 |
iv. |
|
17 |
iv. |
|
O |
PLATE PAGE VOL.
EPntETHUM
- — ALLTXUM, Linn 52
Epine vinette (Ft.)
EPIPAC'TIS
■ atroru'bens. Sehultes 1481
ensifo'lia, Sw 14S4
grandiflo'ra, Sw 1485
HELLEBOEI'XE, Crantz.
1479-1481
var. rubigino'sa,
Crautz 1481
var. var' tans, Reich... 1479
var. vir'idans, Cr. ... 14S0
latifo'lia. All 1480
Bentk 1479-1481
var. a, Hook. & Am. 14S0
var. &Sm 1481
longifo'lia, Schmidt 1482
, " „ . fl479
media. Jfrtes )
1,1481
var. purpura'ta, Syme
■ var. vir'idis, Syme
ovei'lis, Bab 14S1
paVhns. Witld 1485
PAIiUSTBIS, Cranfa 1482
purpura'ta, Sin
■ rubigino'sa, Koch 1481
ru'bra, Swartz 1483
viridiflo'ra,Tlofim 1479
■ xiphophyl'Ia, Sw 1484
Epipactis a larges fewiUes (Fr.)
blanc de neige (Fr.)
blanc-jaundtre (Ft.)
des marais (Ft.)
rouge (Fr.)
EPIPO'GIUJL
See Eplpogum.
Epipogium. Leafless I486
Epipogon sans/euiUes (Fr.)
EPIPO'GUM
APHYL'LOI. Sir I486
GntJi'ni.Tdch I486
EQUISE'TUM
amphibo'lium, Beta 1890
ARYEX'SE. Linn 18S9
var. alpes'tre, Wahl
var. campes'tre,
SchuUz
var. sero'tinum, F. W.
Mey
Drummoud' it, iJook 1890
ebur'neum, Sehreb 1888
Ehrhar'ti, Meyer 1890
elonga'tum. Hook 1896
eu-hyemale, Syme 1894
fluviaPile, Linn 1S93
Sm 1S88
hvema'le, A. Braun 1894
|
125 |
IX. |
|
128 |
ix. |
|
129 |
ix. |
|
123 |
ix. |
|
125 |
ix. |
|
123 |
ix. |
|
124 |
ix. |
|
124 |
ix. |
|
123 |
ix. |
|
124 |
ix. |
|
125 |
ix. |
|
126 |
ix. |
|
123 |
ix. |
|
125 |
ix. |
|
123 |
ix. |
|
123 |
ix. |
|
125 |
ix. |
|
129 |
ix. |
|
126 |
ix. |
|
123 |
ix. |
|
125 |
ix. |
|
127 |
ix. |
|
123 |
ix. |
|
128 |
ix. |
|
125 |
ix. |
|
129 |
ix. |
|
130 |
ix. |
|
127 |
ix. |
|
128 |
ix. |
|
131 |
ix. |
|
131 |
ix. |
|
131 |
ix. |
|
131 |
ix. |
|
154 |
xii. |
|
152 |
xii. |
|
153 |
xii. |
153 xii.
153 xii.
154 xii. 150 xii. 154 xii. 166 xii. 162 xii. 159\ .. 160/ sn- 150 xii 1»J2 xii.
2 L
254
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
EQUISETUM
HYEMA'LE, Linn. 1894 & 1895 161 xii.
Neicm 1S94 162 xii.
var. Mackaii, Newm. 1896 166 xii.
var. Moor'ei, Hook. &
Am 1895 164 xii.
var. Schleicheri, Milde 1895 164 xii.
limo'sum, Linn 1893 160 xii.
LIMO'SUM, Smith 1893 159 xii.
var. Linnsea'num,
Doll 1S93 160 xii.
var. verticillatum,
Doll 1893 160 xii.
Macka'ii, Newm 1896 166 xii.
MAXIMUM, Lam 1888 150 xii.
var. sero'tinum, A.
Br 151 xii.
Moor'ei, Newm 1S95 164 xii.
palea'ceum, "Schleicher,
e.p." 1895 164 xii.
PALUS'TRE, Linn 1S92 157 xii.
var. alpi'num, Hook 15S xii.
var. nu'd urn, Newm 158 xii.
var. polysta'chyum,
Till 158 xii.
var. subnu'dum, Long.
Cat 158 xii.
PRATEN'SE, Ehrh 1890 154 xii.
ramo'sum, Benth 1896 166 xii.
[ Schleicher'] (ex- ,
eluded) 172 xii.
SYLVAT'ICUM, Linn. ... 1891 156 xii.
var. mi'nus, Wahl. ... 1890 154 xii.
TelmebeVa, Ehrh 1888 150 xii.
TRACHY'ODON, A.
Broun 1896 166 xii.
Rdbenh 1895 164 xii.
umbro'sum, Meyer 1S90 154 xii.
V APiIEGA'T 0 M , Sch I ich .
1897 & 1898 168 xii. var. arena rin in,
Newm 1897 169 xii.
var. ma'jus, Syme 169 xii.
var. pseu'do-elonga'-
tum, Milde 171 xii.
var. trachi/odon,
Hook 1896 166 xii.
var. "Wilso'ni, Newm. 1898 169 xii.
Erable commun (Fr.) 233 ii.
Sycomore (Fr.) 231 ii.
EBAGEOS'TIS
[Poseoi'des, P. de B.~] (ex-
cluded) 201 xi.
ERAN'THIS
HYEMA'LIS, Salkb 43 55 i.
Eranthis d'hiver (Ft.) 56 i.
Erdbeeh Klee (Ger.) 59 iii.
Erdbi erbliittriger Ganserich (Ger.) 144 iii.
PLATE TAGE
Erdnuss (Ger.) <
EEI'CA
cxru'lea, Willd 886
car 'una. var. Benth 892
CILLVBIS, Linn 887
CINE'REA, Linn 891
Uabrje'ci, Sm 885
Daboe'cii, Linn 885
eu-Tet'ralix, Syme 889
HTBEE'NICA, Syme 892
Maekaia'na, Bab 890
Macka'ii, Hook 890
mediterra'nea, Bab 892
£. hiber'nica, Hook. S92
Tetral'ici-cilia'ris, Syme ... 888
TET'RALIX, Linn... SS8 & 889
Sm 889
var. Benth 890
VA'GANS, Linn 893
vulga'ris, Linn 894
Waiso'ni, Benth 888
EEIGEEON
A'CRIS, Linn 774
alpi'num, Sm 775
ALPPNUS, Linn 775
CANADENSIS, Linn. ... 773
sero'tinus, Reich
uniflo'rum, Linn
uniflo'rum, Sm 775
EBINOS'MA
ver'num, Herb 1506
EEIOCAU'LON
decangula're, With 1546
peUu'ddum, Mich 1546
SEPTANGULA'RE,
With 1546
EEIOPH'OEUM
ALPI'NUM, Linn 1603
ANGUSTIFO'LIUM,
Both 1605 & 1606
— Sm 1605
var. ela'tius, Koch
var. mi'nus, Bab 1606
[capita'tum, Hi>st.~\ (excluded)...
GKACTLE, Koch 1607
Sm 1606
LATIFO'LIUM, Eoppe... 1608
polysta'chium, Linn. 1605 & 1606
Sm 160S
pubes'cens, Sm 160S
[Scheuch'zeri, Hoppe] (excluded)
trique'trum, Hoppe 1607
• ■ YAGINATUM, Linn 1604
Erodie a feuilles de Cigue (Fr.)
maritime (Fr.)
musque'e (Fr.)
EEO'DIUM
CICUTA'RIUM, L'Htrit. 307 206
106 114
34 42 36
40 33 33 37 42 38 3S 42 42 39 37 37 38 41 43 39
108 109 109 107 109 110 109
165
2
9
VOL.
iii. iv.
70
|
73 |
X |
|
73 |
X |
|
73 |
X |
|
73 |
X. |
|
174 |
X |
|
74 |
X |
|
73 |
X |
|
75 |
X |
u
75
174
74
71
207
209
20S
INDEX.
255
PLATE PAGE VOL.
|
ERO'DIUM |
|||
|
cieuta'rium, var. ckmro- |
|||
|
phyl'lum, DC. |
206 |
n. |
|
|
var. vulga'tum, Syme |
307 |
206 |
ii. |
|
207 |
u. |
||
|
MABIT'IMUM, Sm |
309 |
209 |
ii. |
|
MOSCHA'TUM, L'Herit. |
308 |
208 |
ii. |
|
207 |
11. |
||
|
EBOPE'ILA |
|||
|
189 |
l |
||
|
189 189 |
i. |
||
|
131 |
i. |
||
|
189 |
l. |
||
|
vulga'ris, DC (Fig. 1) |
134 |
189 |
l. |
|
84 |
in. |
||
|
EBUCAS'TBUM |
|||
|
86 |
129 |
l. |
|
|
EB'VUM |
|||
|
384 |
86 |
in. |
|
|
382 |
84 |
iii. |
|
|
383 |
85 |
iii. |
|
|
ERYN'GIUM |
|||
|
CAMPES'TRE, Linn. ... |
570 |
95 |
IV. |
|
MARITTMUM, Linn. ... |
5G9 |
94 |
IV. |
|
570 |
96 |
IV. |
|
|
ERYSIMUM |
|||
|
100 |
146 |
1. |
|
|
120 |
171 |
1. |
|
|
CHEIRANTHOI'DES, |
|||
|
102 9fi |
149 143 |
||
|
ORIENTA'LE, R. Brown. |
101 |
148 |
|
|
101 |
148 |
||
|
124 |
175 |
||
|
ERYTHR^VA |
|||
|
august if u'lia, Wallr. |
|||
|
908, 908 |
(bis) |
GG |
VI. |
|
CENTAU'RIUM, Pers. ... |
909 |
66 |
vi. |
|
chloo'des, Gr. & Godr. |
|||
|
908, 908 (bis) |
66 |
VI. |
|
|
LATIFO'LIA, Sm |
907 |
65 |
VI. |
|
linarifo'lia, Griseb. 908, 908 (bis) |
66 |
VI |
|
|
LITTORA'LIS, Fries |
|||
|
908, 908 |
(his) |
66 |
VI. |
|
PULCHEL'LA, Fries |
|||
|
910, 910 (bis) |
68 |
VI. |
|
|
ramosis'sima, Pers. |
|||
|
910, 910 (bis) |
68 |
VI. |
|
|
Erytlire'e a grandes feuilles (Fr.) |
66 |
VI. |
|
|
68 |
VI. |
||
|
69 |
VI. |
Esels Distel (Ger.)
Elliuse petite Cigue (Fr.) .. EUFBA'GIA
■ visco'sa, Bentk
Euf raise officinale (Fr.) ..
EUONYMUS
EUROP^'US, Linn.
994
3 133
176 172
317 224
PLATE PAGE VOL.
EUON'YMUS
europa/us, var. macro-
phyl'lus, Schleich 225 ii.
Enpatoire a feuilles de Chanvre
(Fr.) 121 v.
EUPATO'RIUM
CANNABPNUM, Linn. 785 121 v.
Eupliorbe a larges feuilles (Fr.) 101 viii.
a petites fleurs (Fr.) 102 viii.
corail (Fr.) 105 viii.
de Portland (Fr.) Ill viii.
des bois (Fr.) 106 viii.
— des sahles (Fr.) 99 viii.
■ des vignes (Fr.) Ill viii.
epurge (Fr.) 113 viii.
eSule (Fr.) 107 viii.
fluet (Fr.) 112 viii.
maritime (Fr.) 109 viii.
petit Cypres (Fr.) 108 viii.
■ — — - — poilu (Fr.) 104 viii.
r e'veille-mati n (Fr.) 100 viii.
EUPHOR'BIA
AMYGDALOFDES, Linn.
1260 105 viii.
[Chara'cias, Linn.'] (excluded) 117 viii.
■ (JORALLOFDES, Linn. 1259 104 viii.
CYPARIS'SIAS, Linn. ... 1262 107 viii.
[dul'cis, Linn.'] (excluded) 117 viii.
E'sula, Bor 1261 107 viii.
E'SULA, Linn 1261 100 viii.
var. pseudocyparis'-
sias, Syme 107 viii.
■ EXIG'UA, Linn 1266 111 viii.
HELIOSCO'PIA, Linn. 1254 99 viii.
HIBER'NA, Linn 1257 102 viii.
LATH'YRIS, Linn 1267 113 viii.
palus'tris, Bab 1258 103 viii.
PARA'LIAS, Linn 1263 109 viii.
PEP'LIS, Linn 1253 98 viii.
[peploi'des, Gouan] (excluded) 117 viii.
PEP'LUS, Linn 1265 111 viii.
PILO'SA, Linn 1258 103 viii.
var. a, Honk 1259 104 viii.
PLATYPHYL'LA, Linn. 1255 100 viii.
var. ,8, Hook. & Am. 1256 101 viii.
PORTLAN'DICA, Linn. 1264 110 viii.
proce'ra, var. trichicar'pa,
Koch 1259 104 viii.
P se it! do-cy pans' sias, Jord 107 viii.
retu'sa, DC 112 viii.
ru'bra, DC. 112 viii.
[salicifo'lia, Hist.] (ex-
cluded) 117 viii.
segcta'lis, var. Benth 1264 110 viii.
STRIC'TA, Koch 1256 101 viii.
Sm 1255 100 viii.
stjlrat'ica,Ja.cq 1260 105 viii.
EUPHRASIA
graces, Fries 992 171 vi.
256
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
EUPHRASIA
Odontites, Linn 993
Koch 993
OFFICINALIS, Linn.
991 & 992
Fries 991
var. grac'ilis, Syme... 992
sero'tina, Lam 993
Eupkrasie 991 & 992
EU'PTEBIS
aquili'na, Newrn 1886
Europdischer Gaspendorn (Ger.)
Hasehvurz (Ger.)
■ Liebenstern (Ger . )
Sanikel (Ger.)
Europdiselies Pfafferikappch&n (Ger.). . . Evening Primrose, Common ... 508
Sweet-scented 509
Evergreen Alkanet 1113
Everlasting, Mountain, var. a... 747
var. 0... 748
■ Orpine 526
Pea, Broad-leaved 403
Narrow-leaved 402
Pearly 746
EX'ACUM
filifor'me, Sm 912
Eyebrigkt, Common 991 & 992
Gennauder 986
Fadenbldttriges Samkraut (Ger.)
Fadenformige Binse (Ger.)
Segge (Ger.)
FadenfSrmiger Diinnschwanz (Ger.)... Kite (Ger.)
FAGOPTBUM
emden'twm, Munch 1226
FA'GUS
Casta! nea, Linn 1290
SYLVAT1CA, Linn 1291
FALCAT'ULA
Falso-trifo'lium,Brot 345
Farber Ginst (Ger.)
Hunds-Kamille (Ger.)
Scliarte (Ger.)
Waid (Ger.)
■ -Wait, (Ger.)
Faulbaum Pulverholz (Ger.)
Faux Aizoon (Fr.)
FE'DIA
Auridida, Gaud 671
ca/rina'ta, Stev 670
denta'ta, Vahl 672
erioca/r'pa, Reich 673
olito'ria, Vahl 669
Feigi riblattrigt r Gansefuss (Ger.)
Feindlicher Haftdolde (Ger.)
Feines Ilascnohrchen (Ger.)
vm. vii.
IV.
iv. vii.
174 174
171 171 171 174 171
145
5
90
142 93
225 24 26
112 79 79 49
108
107 77
71 171 165
54 ix.
27 x.
161 x.
189 xi.
04 iii.
59 viii.
159 viii.
164 viii.
34 iii.
10 iii.
53 v.
29 v.
223 i.
5 ii.
229 ii.
195 i.
241 241
243 244 240 16 163 122
iv. iv. iv. viii. iv.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Feld Ahorn (Ger.) 233 ii.
Baldgreis (Ger.) 90 v.
Beifuss (Ger.) 65 v.
Calaminthe (Ger.) 33 vii-
Elirenpreis (Ger.) 156 vi.
Genziane (Ger.) 77,78 vi.
Hauhechel (Ger.) 18 iii.
Kratzdistel (Ger.) 19 v.
Loivenmaid (Ger.) 132 vi.
Mdnncrtreu (Ger.) 96 iv.
Pfefferhraut (Ger.) 217 i.
PfennigJcraut (Ger.) 203 i.
Quendel (Ger.) 26 vii.
Bittersporn (Ger.) 64 i.
.Rose (Ger.) 232 iii.
Saudistel (Ger.) 155 v.
Sinau (Ger.) 137 ii'.
Sperk, or Spark (Ger.) 128 ii.
Ulme (Ger.) 142 viii.
Wachtekoeizen (Ger.) 184 vi.
Zkst (Ger.) 55,60 vii.
Feldminze (Ger.) 23 vii.
Feld ulme (Ger.) 139 viii.
Felsen Brombeere (Ger.) 160 iii.
Gdnserich (Ger.) 151 iii.
Labkraut (Ger.) 219 iv.
Sagine (Ger.) 122 ii.
Segge (Ger.) 82 x.
Felwort 914-919 76 vi.
Fenchelsamige Pferdesaat (Ger.) 131 iv.
Fennel, Common 601 134 iv.
leaved Pondweed 1422 54 ix.
Marsh Hog's 610 150 iv.
Sea Hog's 609 149 iv.
Fenouil officinal (Fr.) 134 iv.
Fenugreek 345 35 iii.
Fern, Alpine Bladder 1867 104 xii.
Alpine Holly 1859 90 xii.
Beech 1847 50 xii.
Bennett's Shield 1856 80 xii.
Bracken 1886 145 xii.
Brake 1886 145 xii.
Bristle 1S39 35 xii.
Brittle Bladder 1865 102 xii.
Broad Shield 1857 82 xii.
Common Scale 1883 139 xii.
Crested Shield 1853 70 xii.
- Female Buckler 1848 52 xii.
Flexile Lady 115 xii.
Flowering 1838 32 xii.
Hard Holly I860 92 xii.
— — Hart's-tongue 1884 141 xii.
Hay-scented 1S58 87 xii.
Hind 1885 143 xii.
Lady 1S69 108 xii.
Alpine 1870 113 xii.
Dwarf Alpine 1871 112 xii.
Limestone 1846 48 xii.
Lloyd's Shield 1854 73 xii.
Male 1850 57 xii.
INDEX.
257
PLATE PAGE
Fern, Male Shield 1850 57
Marsh 1848 52
Mountain 1849 54
Bladder 186S 106
Narrow Shield 1855 76
Oak 1S45 46
Parsley 1S44 44
Remote Shield 1852 67
Rigid Shield 1851 65
Royal 1838 32
Smith's 1S46 48
Soft Holly 1861 95
Tunbridge Filmy 1840 35
Wilson's Filmy .; 1841 36
Fescue-grass, Ambiguous 1780 140
Barren 1782 143
Creeping 1786 148
Hard 1785 147
Meadow ...1791 & 1792 154
Mouse-tail 17S1 142
Sheep's... 1783 & 1784 144
Single-glumed ... 1779 139
Tall 1789 & 1790 151
Wood ... 1787 & 1788 149
FESTU'CA
ambig'ua, Le GaM 1780 140
arena'ria, Osbeck 1786 147
arundina'cea, Auct. 1789 & 1790 150
Schreb 1790 151
bromoi'des, Crep 1779 138
Sm 1782 142
var. a, Hook. &
Am 1782 142
var. j3, Hook. & Am. 1781 141
cseru'lea, DC 1747 90
cse'sia, Sm 147
calama'ria, Sm. ... 1787 & 1788 148
crista'ta, Poll 1746 88
decid'ua, Sm 1788 149
decum'bens, Linn 1745 87
dis'tans, Kunth 1755 104
durius'cula, Reich 144
Linn 1785 145
ELA'TIOR, Linn. 1789 & 1790 150
da'tior, Koch 1791 153
Sm 1789 151
var. arundinacea,
Syme 1790 151
flu'itans, Linn 1752 & 1753 96
gigante'a, Sm 1793 155
. Vill 1793 & 1794 155
glau'ca, Lam 144
lolia'cea, Huds 1792 153
MYU'ROS, Linn. ... 1780-1782 139
Poll 1781 141
var. ambig'ua, Hook.
fil 1780 140
OVI'NA, Linn. ... 1783 & 1784 143
Hook, fil 1783 & 1784 143
Sibth 1783 144
VOL.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xi. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xi.
xi.
xi. xi.
xi. xi.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
FESTU'CA
ovina, var. a. Hook. & 143,'l .
Am 1783, 1784 & 1786 147i
var. durius'cida,
Hook. & Am 1785 145 xi.
var. glau'ca, Koch 144 xi.
var. ma'jor, Syme 144 xi.
var. ru'bra, Hook. &
Arn 1786 147 xi.
tenuifo'lia. Syme (ovina
vivipara, on plate) 1784 144 xi. pinna' ta, Huds 1808 175 xi.
PRATEN'SIS, Hook.
1791 & 1792 152 xi.
Huds 1791 153 xi.
var. lolia'cea, Syme... 1792 153 xi.
procum'bens, Kunth 1757 107 xi.
Pseu'do-myu'ros, Soy-Will. 1781 141 xi.
Pseu'do-myu'ros, var. Lloyd 1780 140 xi.
rig'ida, Kunth 1758 108 xi.
rottbollioi'des, Kunth 1759 110 xi.
ru'bra, Gren. & Godr 1785 145 xi.
RU'BRA, Linn. ... 1785 & 1786 145 xi.
Sm 1786 147 xi.
var. a, Bab 1785 145 xi.
var. arena'ria, Hook.
&Arn 1786 147 xi.
sabulic'ola, L. Duf 1786 147 xi.
sciuroi'des, Bot h 1782 142 xi.
syhalfica, Huds 1807 173 xi.
SYLVAT'ICA,m 1787 & 1788 148 xi.
var. decid'ua, Syme... 1788 149 xi.
tenuifo'lia, Sibth 1784 144 xi.
thalas'sica, Kunth 1754 102 xi.
triflo'ra, Sm 1794 156 xi.
UNIGLU'MIS, Sol 1779 138 xi.
var. 0, Bromf. 17S0 140 xi.
Fe'tuque des brebis (Fr.) 145 xi.
dubois(Fr.) 150 xi.
dure (Fr.) 147 xi.
e lanc€e (Fr.) 156 xi.
deve'e (Fr.) 151 xi.
fausse queue de rat (Fr.) 142 xi.
queue d'e'cureuil (Fr.) 143 xi.
rouge (Fr.) 148 xi.
uniglume (Fr.) 139 xi.
Feuer-Lilie (Ger.) 187 ix.
Feverfew, Common 715 43 v.
FICA'BIA
ambig'ua, Boreau 39 48 i.
calthiefo'lia, Reich 48 i.
ranunculoi'des, Monch 39 47 i.
Reich 39 48 i.
Ficaire renonculoide (Fr.) 49 i.
Fiddle Dock 1214 45 viii.
Fig-leaved Goosefoot 1191 16 viii.
Figwort 39 49 i.
Balm-leaved 950 125 vi.
Knotty-rooted 949 124 vi.
Yellow 951 126 vi.
258
ENGLISH BOTANY
PLATE PAGE VOL.
FILA'GO
APICULA'TA, G.E.Sm. 737 6S v.
eanetfcens, Jord 736 67 v.
GAL'LICA. Linn 740 71 v.
GEEMAN'ICA, Linn 736 67 v.
var. a, Hook, & Am.... 736 67 v.
var. a. httes'cens, Gr.
&Godr 737 6S v.
var. 0, Hook. 6: Am. 737 68 v.
var. 0. canes'cens, Gr.
&Godr 736 67 v.
var. spathula'ta, DC. 738 69 v.
Jusn&'i, Coss. & Germ. ... 738 69 v.
lutedcens, Jord 737 68 v.
MIN'IMA. Fries 739 70 v.
monta'na, DC 739 70 v.
SPATHULA'TA, Presl ... 738 69 v.
Filmy Fern, Tunbridge 1840 35 xii.
Wilson's 1841 36 xii.
FOzfrSehUge Segge (Ger.) 131 x.
FOzigeBose(Ger.) 209 iii.
FirC'lubmoss 1830 12 xii.
Scotch 1380 265 viii.
Flachs Seide (Ger.) S9 vi.
Flachsstengeliges Samkraut (Ger.) 46 ix.
Flatterige Binse (Ger.) 21 x.
Flax, Common 292 1S5 ii.
Dodder 926 80 vi.
Narrow-leaved 291 1S4 ii.
■ Perennial 290 183 ii.
Purging 2S9 181 ii.
Seed 288 ISO ii.
Fleabane, Alpine 775 110 v.
Blue 574 109 v.
Canadian 773 108 v.
Greater 770 103 v.
Lesser 771 104 v.
Flea Sedge 1612 81 x.
Fleawort, Field 760 90 v.
Marsh 759 S9 v.
Fleischfarbiges Knabenkraut (Ger.) ... 100 ix.
Fle'ole des Alpes (Fr.) 31 xi.
des pre* (Fr.) 33 xi.
FUegenShnliehe Frauenthrane (Ger.)... 115 ix.
Fliegenartige Hosumrz (Ger.) 103 ix.
FlixWeed 98 145 i.
Jflohscunige Segge (Ger.) SI x.
Floun odor' i nt': (Fr.) IS xi.
Flowering Fern 1838 32 xii.
Rush 1443 76 ix.
Willow 933 99 vi.
Fluellin, Round-leaved 957 136 vi.
Sharp-leaved 956 135 vi.
Flug- or Wind-Hafer (Ger.) SO xi.
Fhtss-Ampfer (Ger.) 52 viii.
Fluteav e'toile'(Fi.) 75 ix.
nageant (Fr.) 74 ix.
Plantain tEeau (Fr.) 71 ix.
renoncle (Fr.) 73 ix.
Fluthende Schicaden (Ger.) 98 xi.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Fluthende Simse (Ger.) 58 x.
FLUVIA'LIS
jtee'tffe, Peru 1432 63 ix.
Fly Honeysuckle, Upright 643 20S iv.
Orchis 1471 115 ix.
FCENICTJLTJM
officinale, Al\ 601 133 iv.
VULGATBE, Gart 601 133 iv.
Fohre (Ger.) 265 viii.
Fool's Parsley, Common 600 133 iv.
Forget-me-not, Alpine 1106 103 vii.
Creeping Water 1105 102 vii.
Dwarf 1109 107 vii.
Field 1108 106 vii.
Great Water 1104 100 vii.
Tufted Water ... 1103 98 vii.
Wood 1107 104 vii.
Yellow and Blue 1110 108 vii.
Forster*8 Marbel (Ger.) 5 x.
Foxglove, or Folksglove 952 127 vi.
Fox-tail Chara 1909 193 xii.
grass, Alpine 1704 30 xi.
Bent-stemmed... 1701 26 xi.
Meadow 1703 28 xi.
Orange-anthered 170) 24 xi.
Slender 1699 23 xi.
Tuberous 1702 27 xi.
FEAGAEIA
ELA'TIOR, Ehrh 439 156 iii.
mag'na, Thuill 439 156 iii.
moscha'ta, Duch 439 156 iii.
sfer'ilis. Linn 427 143 iii.
VES'GA, Linn 438 154 iii.
Fragile Chara 1920 & 1921 213 xii.
Fragon piquant (Fr.) 185 ix.
Fragrant Agrimony 418 131 iii.
Orchis 1460 103 ix.
Fraisier commun (Fr.) 155 iii.
e'hve' (Fr.) 156 iii.
FBAN'GULA
Al'nus. Miller 319 228 ii.
FEAXKEXIA
[pulverulen'ta, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 43 ii.
I,mrVJS, Linn 190 42 ii.
Franhe'ni- Lis*'- (Fr.) 43 ii.
Fr Schimmelkraut (Ger.)'... 72 v.
Frauenschuh (Ger.) 136 is.
FEAXIXUS
EXCEL'SIOR, Linn 902 56 vi.
heterophyha, Willd 903 56 vi.
7 ■ der Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 157 vi.
French Sorrel 1222 54 viii.
-Willow, Rosemary-leaved 494 7 iv.
Wild ...... 495 & 496 10 iv.
Frene e'leieiYr.) 57 vi.
FEITILLAEIA
MELEA'GRIS, Linn. ... 1519 1SS ix.
Fritillaire meleagre (Fr.) 189 ix.
INDEX.
259
PLATE PAGE VOL.
F miliary, Common 1519 ISO ix.
Frog-Bit 14-14 79 ix.
Orchis 1462 105 ix.
Froscheppich (Ger.) 32 i.
Frvhlings-AMne (Ger.) 110 ii.
Brdumourz (Ger.) 126 vi.
Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 155 vi.
Genziane (Ger.) 74 vi.
Knotenbhime (Ger.) 166 ix.
So/ran (Fr.) 154 ix.
Wasserstern (Ger.) 119 viii.
Friihzeitige Segge (Ger.) 130 x.
ifVwftzeiiiger .Hd/er (Ger.) 72 xi.
Furhxbraune Segge (Ger.) 92 x.
Fuller's Herb 197 53 ii.
FUMA'KIA
agra'ria, Mitt 73 107 i.
Bastar'di, Boreau 73 107 i.
Bor»'i, Jord 72 106 i.
bulbo'sa y, Liun 6S 101 i.
calyci'na, Bab 75 109 i.
CAPREOLA'TA, Linn. 71-74 104 i.
Leighton 74 10S i.
0. Leigltto'nii, Bah.... 72 106 i.
7. me'dia, Bab 73 107 i.
clavicula'ta, Linn 70 103 i.
eonfu'sa, Jord 73 107 i.
densiflo'ra, DC 75 109 i.
leuoan'tha, Viv 78 114 i.
lu'tea,IAmi 69 102 i.
me'dia, Bast 73 107 i.
Loisel Ill i.
MECRAN'THA, Lag 75 109 i.
mura'lis, Boreau 72 106 i.
Sonder 74 108 i.
officinalis, Bentb 72-78 115 i.
OFFICINALIS, Linn, ... 76 110 i.
pallidiflo'ra, Jord 71 105 i.
var. a. Jorda'ni, Bab. 71 105 i.
var. 0. Boraii, Bab. ... 72 106 i.
parviflo'ra, Lamarck 78 114 i.
ad'ida,Sm 68 101 i.
specio'sa, Lloyd 71 105 i.
TENUISEC'TA, Syme 77 & 78 113 i.
Vaillan'tii, Lois 77 113 i.
partly B .b. (E. B. S.) 7S 114 i.
Wirtge'ni, Koch Ill i-
Fumeterre a pediceUes recourbes
(Fr.) 108 i.
a petites Jleurs (Fr.) 115 i.
de VaiUant (Ft.) 114 i.
officinale (Ft.) Ill i-
Fumitory, Bastard's Bampant ... 73 107 i.
Boreau's Rampant ... 72 106 i.
Climbing White 70 104 i.
Close-flowered 75 110 i.
Common 76 111 i.
Lamarck's Small- flowered 7S 115 i.
Le Vaillant's 77 114 i.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Fumitory, Rampant 74 108 i.
Small-flowered 77 114 i.
Solid Bulbous 6S 102 i.
Yellow 69 103 i.
Fiinfmannige Weide (Ger.) 203 viii.
Fiinfmanniges Homhraut (Ger.) SI ii.
Furze, Common 323 5 iii.
Dwarf 325 7 iii.
Needle 326 8 iii.
Planchon's 321 7 iii.
Fusain d' Europe (Fr.) 225 ii.
Gaertn (Ger.) 24S iii.
GA'GEA
LU'TEA, Ker 1522 193 ix.
Gage'e grisatre (Fr.) 194 ix.
Gaillet a trots cornes (Ft.) 227 iv.
frZanc(Fr.) 218 iv..
bore'al (Fr.) 213 iv.
croisette (Ft.) 214 iv.
de Piemont (Fr.) 220 iv.
des Anglais (Fr.) 221 iv.
des marais (Fr.) 222 iv.
des rochers (Fr.) 219 iv.
dress<f(Fr.) 217 iv.
fangeuz (Fr.) 223 iv.
Gratoron (Fr.) 226 iv.
jaune (Fy.) 215 iv.
sauvage (Fr.) 221 iv.
GALAN'THUS
NIVA'LIS, Linn 1507 167 ix.
GALATEL'LA
Linosy'ris, Reich, ffl 777 112 v.
GALEOB'DOLON
lu'teum, Huds 1087 76 vii.
Reich 77 vii.
monta'num, Reich 10S7 77 vii.
Gale'ope des champs (Fr.) 63 vii.
douteuse (Fr.) 65 vii.
tetrahite (Fr.) 67 vii.
GALEOP'SIS
angustifo'lia, Llirh 1074 62 vii.
Reich. 62 vii.
var. canes'cens, Syme 63 vii.
arvat'ica, Jord 63 vii.
bifida, Bonn 1079 67 vii.
ca nes'cens, Schultz 63 vii.
— — eannabi'na, "Willd 1077 65 vii.
du'bia, Leers 1076 64 vii.
eu-Tet'rahit, Syme 1078 & 1079 66 vii.
Galeob'dolon, Linn 1087 76 vii.
interme'dia, Fill 1075 63 vii.
Lad'anum, Auct. AngL ... 1074 62 vii.
Guss 1075 63 vii.
LAD'ANUJI, Li'isn. 1074 & 1075 62 vii.
OCHROLEU'CA, Lam. 1076 64 vii.
specio'sa, Mill 1077 65 vii.
260
ENGLISH BOTANY.
vn. vii.
vii. vii.
vii. vii.
vii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
GALEOP'SIS
Tet rahit, Auct. plur.
1078 & 1079 66
Koch 107S 66
TET'EAHIT, Linn. 1077-1079 65
var. bifida, Syme ... 1079 67
var. grandiflo'ra,
Benth 1077 65
versic'olor, Curt 1077 65
rilh/sa, Tluds 1076 64
Galingale 1578 42
GALIXSO'GA
PAEVIFLO'RA, Cav. ... 765 96
Small-flowered 765 96
GAXIUM
ANG'LICUM, Suds 656 223
. APAEI'XE, Linn 658 225
var. a, Koch 658 225
var. VaiUaritii, Koch 657 224
■ arista'twm, Sm 649 (bis) 217
BOREA'LE, Linn 646 212
cine'reum , Sm 648 (bis) 215
commuta'tum, Bab. ? 220
[commuta'tum, Jord.] (ex-
cluded) 232
crucia'ta, Scop C47 213
CRUCIA'TUM, With 647 213
decoh'rans, Gr. & Godr 214
DIFFU'SOI. Hook. 648 (bis) 215
ela'tum, ThuiU 650 218
var. Bake'ri, Syme 218
var. insu'bricum,
Gaud 21S
elonga'tum,~Pieal 653 221
erec'tum, Euds. 649 & 649 (bis) 217
var. arista'twm, Bab.
64S (bis) 215
var. arista'tum, Bab.
649 (Mr)
Hercy'nicum, Weig 651
Ix've, ThuiU 652
lu'cidum, Koch 649
MOLLU'GO, Linn.
649, 649 (his) & 650 Huds 650
monta'num. Till 652
PALUS'TEE, Linn. 653 & 654
Presl
Sm. Eng. Bot 653
var. elouga'tum, Syme 653
var. Witherin'gii,
Syme 654 222
Parisien'se, var. ang'licum,
Linn 656 223
. var. leiocar'pum,
Tausch 656 223
var. nu'dum, Gr. &
Godr 656 223 iv.
pusil'lum,Sm 652 219 iv.
|
217 |
iv. |
|
219 |
iv. |
|
220 |
iv. |
|
217 |
iv. |
|
216 |
iv. |
|
218 |
iv |
|
220 |
iv |
|
221 |
iv |
|
222 |
iv |
|
221 |
iv |
|
221 |
iv |
PLATE PAGE VOL.
GA'LIOI
[saeehara'tum. All.'] (ex-
cluded) 232 iv.
SAXAT'ILE. Linn 651 219 iv.
[spu'rium, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 232 iv.
— var. YaiUan'tii, Bab. 657 224 iv.
BTLVES'TBE, PoU 652 219 iv.
Till 220 iv.
var. monta'num, Till. 652 220 iv.
var. nitid'ulum, ThuiU. ... 220 iv.
TEICOE'NE. With 659 226 iv.
ULIGINO'SUM. Linn. ... 655 222 iv.
var. Benth 654 222 iv.
VAILLAN'TII,DC. 657 224 iv.
[verruco'sum, Sm.] (ex-
cluded) 232 iv.
VErBUM, Linn 648 214 iv.
var. lu'teum, Syme ... 648 214 iv.
var. oehroleu'cum,
Syme 214 iv.
Withering'ii, Sm 654 222 iv.
Gants de noire Dame (Fr.) 61 i.
Ganzekraut (Ger.) 163 i.
Garance etrangere (Fr.) 212 iv.
Garbe (Ger.) 57 v.
GarUc, Crow 1534 211 ix.
Field 1535 & 1536 214 ix.
Hedge Mustard 100 147 i.
Eouncl-headed 1533 209 ix.
Triquetrous 1539 21S ix.
Garten Taubenkropf (Ger.) 62 ii.
Wolfsmilch (Ger.) 99,111 viii.
Gartenkresse (Ger.) 215 i.
Gartenmdhn (Ger.) 84 i.
GASTEID'IUM
austra'le, P. de B 1711 37 xi.
LENDIG'ERUM, Gaud. 1711 37 xi.
GauchheiTblattriger Schotenweide-
rich (Ger.)' 22 iv.
Gauklerblume (Ger.) 146 vi.
Gean 411 120 iii.
■<fe Esparsette (Ger.) S2 iii.
Gebauter Koriander (Ger.) 179 iv.
Leindotter (Ger.) 200 i.
Gebirgs-Ampfer (Ger.) 53 viii.
Bartschia (Ger.) 177 vi.
Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 159 vi.
Fetthenne (Ger.) 51 iv.
Hexenkraut (Gtr.) 30 iv.
Johannisbeere (Ger.) 41 iv.
Mikhlattieh (Ger.) 152 v.
-Bispengras (Ger.) 115 xi.
Sinau (Ger.) 141 iii.
Wollgras (Ger.) 71 x.
Gebirgslische (Ger.) 31
Gebr'ducldiche Boretsch (Ger.) 113
Brunnenkresse (Ger.)... 178
Calaminthe (Ger.) 36
Engelwurz (Ger.) 147
xi. vii.
INDEX.
261
PLATE PAGE
Gehrduchliche Hundzunge (Ger.) 119
Klette (Ger.) 24
Loffelkraut (Ger.) 185
Melisse (Ger.) 38
Xeunkraft (Ger.) 120
Ochsenzunge (Ger.) 110
Richblume (Ger.) HI
Wattwurz (Ger.) 116
Gebrauchlicher Augentrost (Ger.) 172
Baldrian {Ger.) 237
Z7?;-< npreis (Ger.) . Eibisrh (Ger.) ... . Fenchel (Ger.) ... . Haarstrang (Ger.). Himmelschliissel (Ger.)
vu.
V.
vii. vi. iv. vi.
164 103 134 149 iv.
134 vii.
Steinklee (Ger.) 30,32 iii.
vii. vi. vii. ii. x. xi. vii.
Steinsame (Ger.) 96
Gtbrtiuehh'ches Eisenhraut (Ger.) 202
Lungenkraut (Ger.) ... 93
Sei If 'enkraut (Ger.) 53
Gefingerte Segge (Ger.) 123
Gefingerter Hundszahn (Ger.) 9
Gefleckte Tanbnessel (Ger.) 74
Gefleckter Aron (Ger.) 14 ix.
Hachelkopf (Ger.) 130 v.
Schierling (Ger.) 174 iv.
Gefleektes Knabenkraut (Ger.) 102 ix.
Gegenblattriger Steinbrech (Ger.) 65 iv.
Gegenblattriges Milzkraut (Ger.) 84 iv.
Geglattete Segge (Ger.) 147 x.
Gegliederte Binse (Ger.) 32 x.
Gehornte ScJtollkraut (Ger.) 98 i.
Gehornter Sauerklee (Ger.) 214 ii.
Geissblatt (Ger.) 206 iv.
Gekieltes Rapiinzchen (Ger.) 241 iv.
Geknaulte Bime (Ger.) 20 x.
Geknieter Fuchsschiranz (Ger.) 26 xi.
Gelappte Melde (Ger.) 36 viii.
GelblMttriger Augentrost (Ger.) 176 vi.
Gelbblumiger Giimel (Ger.) 80 vii.
Gelbe Hornmohn (Ger.) 98 l.
,%3e(Ger.) 160 x.
Teichrose (Ger.) 79 i.
JJ7cfce (Ger.) 94 iii.
Gelber Goldstem (Ger.) 194 ix.
Traa(Ger.) 3 ii.
Gelblich Weisser Daun (Ger.) 65 vii.
Gelbliehwasses Ruhrkraut (Ger.) 74 v.
Gelbnelke (Ger.) 154 i.
Gemeine Bachburgel (Ger.) 5
BarenkJau (Ger.) 154
Barentra ube (Ger.) 28
5irAe (Ger.) 183
Brunelle (Ger.) 47
Eberwurz (Ger.) 22
.E*e(Ger.) 2
Erdbeere (Ger.) 155
Erdrauch (Ger.) HI
£We(Ger.) 179
VOL. XII.
iv. iv. vi. viii. vii.
v.
8 viii.
in.
PLATE PAGE
Gemeine Feldkresse (Ger.) 222
Flockenblume (Ger.) 31
Gemsicurz (Ger.) 91
Genziane (Ger.) 74
Goldruthe (Ger.) 114
Grasnelke (Ger.) 158
IZa/n or TFe/ss Buclie
(Ger.) 177
Hasel (Ger.) 171
BTeide (Ger.) 44
Heidelbeere (Ger.) 25
iu-ebs (Ger.) 3
Kreuzblume (Ger.) 37
Lirhtnelke (Ger.) 67
Lonitzere (Ger.) 208
Araj7,h»ne (Ger.) 181
Mariendistel (Ger.) 5
Meerkohl (Ger.) 119
MSfere (Ger.) 158
Nachtriole (Fr.) 151
Narcisse (Ger.) 159
Nelkemourz (Ger.) 198
Otterhizei (Ger.) 92
Pastinake (Ger.) 152
Perhnelke (Ger.) 72
Petersilie (Ger.) 104
Pflaume (Ger.) 118
Pimpernuss (Ger.) 235
RainkoM (Ger.) 126
Scliachblume (Ger.) 189
Schaumkraut (Ger.) 159
ScMinqe or Schneeball
(Ger.) , 203
Schmeerwurz (Ger.) 171
ScMUkraut (Ger.) 100
Sehuppenwurz (Ger.) 190
Se^e (Ger.) 116
SeWerie (Fr.) 99
Siegwurz (Ger.) 142
SUchapfel (Ger.) 104
Stechpalme (Ger.) 220
Snmpfwurz (Ger.) 127
r<K/e/ir i'cfce (Ger.) 88
PTa c/Jio/cfer (Ger.) 274
• TFef/warfe (Ger.) 123
■ Wolfsmilch (Ger.) 107
Zwergmispel (Ger.) 234
VOL.
i. v.
V.
vi. v.
vii.
viii. viii.
vi.
vi.
vm. iv.
iv. iii.
ix.
i.
Gemeiner Amaranth (Ger.) 185
A ndom (Ger.) 51
Apfelbaum (Ger.) 256
Beifuss (Ger.) 63
Birnbaum (Ger.) 252
Daun (Ger.) 67
. Dn*t (Ger.) 30
^pftett (Ger.) 182
Frauenflachs (Ger.) H2
Friedhs (Ger.) 145
FroschMss (Ger.) 79
FroschWel (Ger.) 71
G«geZ(Ger.) 190
ix. vi. ii. ix.
vm.
iii. vii.
vii.
iii. v.
iii.
vii.
vii.
iv.
vi.
vii.
2 M
262
ENGLISH BOTAXY
TLATE PAGE VOL.
Gemeiner Gamander (Ger.) 81 vii.
Gdtisefuss (Gar.) 15 viii.
Glinserich (Gear.) 150 iii.
Gersch, or Giersch (Ger.) ... 109 iv.
Hb/er (Ger.) 71 xi.
Han/ (Ger.) 132 viii.
Eartriegel (Ger.) 60 vi.
— Rirtentaschd (Ger.) 212 i.
Hop/en (Ger.) 131 viii.
Horofcfee (Ger.) 66 iii.
Huflattich (Ger.) 116 v.
. Kalmus (Ger.) 11 is.
Kellerhals (Ger.) 85 viii.
Ker6eZ(Ger.) 167 iv.
Knbterich (Ger.) 75 viii.
Kreuzdom (Ger.) 227 ii.
Kiimmel (Ger.) HI iv.
Mark* (Ger.) 9,10 x.
ATatferfcop/ (Ger.) 89 vii.
Odermennig (Ger.) 130 iii.
Sandhalm (Ger.) 52 xi.
Sauerklee (Ger.) 211 ii.
Schammling (Ger.) 117 vi.
Schildtrdger (Ger.) IS vii.
Spargel (Ger.) 183 ix.
■ Steinpeterlein, or Biber-
neUe(Gcr.) 116 iv.
. Strangling (Ger.) 177 vii.
• Tauniredel (Ger.) 31 iv.
Teufelszirirn (Ger.) 99 vi.
Wasserhelm (Ger.) 127 vii.
TPas8ernafeZ (Ger.) 90 iv.
Weiderich (Ger.) 3 iv.
JFie«enftnqp/(Ger.) 132 iii.
Fetsafom (Ger.) 237 iii.
Windhalm (Ger.) 11 xi.
Wolfstrapp (Ger.) 3 vii.
Wundklee (Ger.) 20 iii.
Gemeines Beinheil (Ger.) 222 ix.
J5/«a mfera id (Ger.) 198 iv.
Fettkraut (Ger.) 123 vii.
Flattergras (Ger.) 61 xi.
Flohkraut (Ger.) 101 v.
BiaHcktshraut (Ger.) 166,198 v.
Herzgespaim (Ger.) 6S vii.
■ Hexenkraut (Ger.) 29 iv.
Hornkraut (Ger.) 81 ii.
— Kammgras (Ger.) 131 xi.
Katzenkraat (Ger.) 39 vii.
Knalenkraut (Ger.) 97 ix.
Knaulgras (Ger.) 137 xi.
Labkraut (Gcer.) 218 iv.
OhnbJatt (Ger.) 51 vi.
P/eilkraut (Ger.) 69 ix.
■ Bapiinzchen (Ger.) 210 iv.
. Bispengras (Ger.) 130 xi.
ifo7ir (Ger.) 59 xi.
Buchgrcu (Ger.) 18 xi.
^V(/r/;rauKGer.) 5 viii.
Schneegldckchen (Ger.) 167 ix.
PLATE PAGE
Gemeines Seegras (Ger.) 61
Springkraut (Ger.) 217
Straussgras (Ger.) 50
VogeOeraut (Ger.) 95
Vogelnest (Ger.) 122
Zittergras (Ger.) 131
Gemiise-Lauch (Ger.) 211
Genduelte Glockenblume (Ger.) 8
Gendidter Ampfer (Ger.) *1
Genaultes Hornkraut (Ger.) 83
Genef Anglais (Ft.) 8
des teinturiers (I"r.) 10
0eZ»(Fr.) _9
Genevrier commun (Ft.) 271
GENISTA
ANG'LICA. Lmwj 326 S
PILO'SA, i/nn 327 9
sen pa' ri a, ~Lam 329 11
TINCTCmiA, Linn 328 9
var. gWbra, Syme ... 328 9
var. huniifu'sa, Syme 10
Gentian, Autumnal 917 76
Calathian Violet 911 71
Field 919 78
German 91S 77
Small Alpine 916 75
Spring 915 71
GEXTIA'NA
[AcauTis, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 81
AMAKEL'LA, Linn. 917 & 918 75
OAMPES'TRIS, Linn. ... 919 77
eu-Amarel'la, Syme 917 76
German'ica, Willd 918 76
NIYA'LIS. Linn 916 75
PXEUMOXAN'THE,
Linn 911 73
VEB'NA, Linn 915 71
Gentiane amarelle (Ft.) '6
a feuilles elroites (Ft.) 71
d,Alkmagne(Fr.) 77
des champs (Ft.) 78
printaniire (Ft.) 71
Gebhrte Weide (Ger.) 233
Gebhrtes Bapiinzchen (Ger.) 212
GEKA'XIOI
COLUMBI'NUM, Linn.... 303 201
DISSEGTDM, Linn 302 200
Lancastrien'se, With 293 b 191
LTJ'CIDUM, Linn 301 202
minutiflo'rum,Jotd. 306 201
modes'tum, Jord 201
MOI/LE, Linn 299 197
XODO'SUM, Linn 295 193
PHOSTIM, Linn 291 192
PRATEN'SE, Linn 297 195
jyrostra'tum, Cor 191
pwrpu'reum, Vill 306 201
PUSIL'LOL Linn 300 198
VOL.
ix.
ix. xi.
vi.
viii.
in.
viii.
in.
iii.
vi. vi.
INDEX.
263
196 204
203 204
PLATE
GEEA'NIUH
PYRENA'ICUM, Linn.... 29S
Ba'ii, Lindl. ?
ROBERTIA'NUM, Linn.
305 & 306
Jord 305
var. f$. marit'iminn.
Bab.? 204
var. modcs'tuni, Syme 204
var.purpu'reum,<%/He 306 204
ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,
Linn 301 199
Fries 300 198
BANGUIN'EUM, Linn. 293 191
var. prostra'tum, Syme 191
[stria'tum, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 209
BYLVATTCUM, Linn. ... 296 194
viscid'ulum. Fries 301 199
Ge'ranium afeuilles rondes (Ft.) 200
6run(Ger.) 193
colombin (Ft.) 202
de'coupe {Ft.) 201
desbois (Ft.) 195
des pre's (Ft.) 196
des Pyre'ue'tS (Fr.)
fluet (Fr.)
herbe a Robert (Ft.)
bison* (Fr.)
Molht(Fi:)
none u x (Ft.) 194
sanguin (Fr.) 192
197 199 205 203 19S
165 82
165 84 83 85 83
Gerard's Binse (Ger.) 37
Germander Ehrenpreis (Ger.)
rut-leaved 1091
Speedwell 986
Wall 1094
Water 1092
Wood 1093
Germandre'e aqnatique (Fr.)
. botride(FT.) 82
— des bois (Fr.) 86
petite chene (Ft.) 84
Geruchlose Kamille (Ger.) 47
Geschldngtlte Schmiele (Ger.) 67
Geschnabelte Segge (Ger.) 169
Gesse a larges ft-uilles (Ft.) 108
des marais (Fr.) 109
des pre's (Fr.) 105
sans feuilles (Ft.) 102
sans vrilles (Ft.) 103
sauvage (Ft.) 107
tubercuse (Fr.) 106
velue(FT.) 104
Gestreckler Ganserich (Ger.) 1-18
Gestrecktes Samkraut (Ger.) 42
Getupfter Sonnengunsel 8
GE'UH
INTERME'DIDM, Ehrh. 458 199
EIVA'LE, Linn 459 200
s.
vi. vii. vi. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
GE'UM
urba'no-riva'le, Meyer 458 199 iii.
URBA'NUM. Linn 457 197 iii.
Gmob%nUche Meerrettig (Get) 183 i.
Gewbhnlicher Lem (Ger.) 185 ii
Gezahnter Leindotter (Ger.) 200 i.
Gezahntes Eapunzchen (Ger.) 243 iv.
Gezahntfruchtiger Schneckenklee
(Ger.) 27 iii.
Gift Lattich (Ger.) 146 ▼«
Gifthahnenfuss (Ger.) 32 1
GifUger WuOierig (Ger.) 97 iv,
Gilbkraut (Ger.) l°u i
GIL'IA
[tri'color, Benth.~\ (excluded) ...
Gilliflower 1°6
Queen's 103
v.
in. iii.
m. ix.
83 154 151 163 163 2
Gimauve he'risse'e (Fr.)
■ officinale (Ft.)
Gipsy Wort 1019
Giroflee (Ft.) 149,154 i.
violier (Ft.) 154 i.
GITHA'GO
setfetum, Derf. 215 74 n.
GLADIOLUS
communis, Hook. & Arn.... 1493
[ Koch] (excluded)
du'bius, Pari
[eu-commu'nis, Syme"] (ex-
cluded)
ILLYE'ICUS, Koch 1493
imbricxt'tus, Bab 1493
Lesser 1^93
Glaievl eommun (Fr.)
Glanz-gras (Ger.)
Glanzender Ehrenpreis (Ger.)
. — Kranichsch nabel (Ger.) . . .
Gldnzendes Samkraut (Ger.) 37
Glatter Igellock (Ger.) ,
Glauciere cornue (Fr.)
jaune (Fr.)
GLAU'CIUM
CORNICULA'TUM, Curt. 65
fla'vum, Crantz 66
liyb'ridum, Lois 64
LU'TEUM, Scop 66
phceni'ceum, Crantz 65
oiola'ceum, Juss 64
GLAUX
MABITTMA, Linn Ho0
maritime (Ft.)
GLECHOMA
hedera'cea, Linn 1055
hirsu'ta, Walds. & Kit
Glechome (Ft.)
Gletscher-Segge (Ger.)
Globe Flower
GLY'CE
marM ima, Lindley 140
42
|
141 |
IX. |
|
|
155 |
ix. |
|
|
142 |
ix. |
|
|
155 |
ix. |
|
|
141 |
ix. |
|
|
141 |
ix. |
|
|
142 |
ix. |
|
|
142 |
ix. |
|
|
20 |
xi. |
|
|
151 |
vi. |
|
|
203 |
ii. |
|
|
37 |
ix. |
|
|
124 |
viii. |
|
|
97 |
i. |
|
|
98 |
i. |
|
|
96 |
; |
|
|
97 |
: |
|
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95 |
||
|
97 |
||
|
96 |
||
|
95 |
i. |
|
|
154 |
vii. |
|
|
154 |
vn. |
|
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40 |
vii. |
|
|
40 |
vn. |
|
|
41 |
vii. |
|
|
119 |
X |
|
|
54 |
i |
197
264
ENGLISH BOTANY
Glyce'rie aquatique (Fr.)
e~carte'e (Ft.)
flottante (Fr.) ..
■ ivraie (Fr.)
GLYCE'RIA
airoi'des, Reich 1750
uqiuit' tea, Presl 1750
AQUAT'ICA, Sra 1751
Bor'reri, Bab 1756
confer' ta, Fr 1756
dis'tans, Hook. fil....l755 & 1756
Sin 1755
eu-flu'itans, Syme 1752
FLU'ITAXS.'i?. .Br. 1752 & 1753
Fr 1752
Towns 1752
var. pedicella'ta, Syme
lolia'cea, Gren. & Godr. ... 1702
Wats 1759
marit'ima, WabJ 1754
pediciUa'ta, Towns
plica'ta, Fr 1753
var. subspica'ta. Farn
procum'bens, Sin 1757
ri'j'idn, Sin 175S
spectab'ilis, M. & K 1751
Gnaphale de Wahlenberg (Fr.)
des bois (Fr.)
des marais (Fr.)
jaundtre (Fr.)
perle'e (Fr.)
petite (Fr.)
pied de chat (Fr.)
GXAPHALIUM
omm'8e,Willd 739
DIOI'CUM, Linn.... 747 & 748
var. hyperbo'reum,
DC '. 64S
GaVlicv.ru. Huds 740
German' ieum, Sm. 736
hyperbo'reum, Don 748
LU'TEO-AL'BUM. Linn. 742
MARGARITA'CEUM,
Linn 746
minimum, Sm 739
mbnta'num, Huds 739
NOBVE'GICUM, Gunn 744
pihda're, "Wahl
rec'tum, Sm 743
SUITNUM, Linn 745
var. fus'curn, Scop. ... 745
SYLYAT'KTM, Linn.... 74:;
Sm 744
var. a. rec'tum, Hook.
& Arn 743
var. #. Norvefgicum,
Hook. & Am 711
ULIGIXO'SUM, Linn. ... 741
Gr. & Godr
var. pilula're, Koch
|
PAGE |
VOL |
|
|
98 |
xi. |
|
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105 |
xi. |
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101 |
xi. |
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111 |
xi. |
|
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94 |
xi |
|
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94 |
xi |
|
|
100 |
xi |
|
|
105 |
xi |
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105 |
xi |
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103 |
xi |
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104 |
xi |
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97 |
xi |
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96 |
xi |
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97 |
xi |
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97 |
xi |
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97 |
xi |
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153 |
xi |
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110 |
xi |
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102 |
xi |
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97 |
xi |
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97 |
xi |
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98 |
xi |
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107 |
xi |
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108 |
xi |
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100 |
xi |
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75 |
V |
|
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75 |
V |
|
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73 |
V |
|
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74 |
V |
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77 |
■\ |
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76 |
\ |
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79 |
y |
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70 |
V. |
|
|
78 |
V. |
|
|
78 |
V. |
|
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71 |
V. |
|
|
67 |
V. |
|
|
78 |
V. |
|
|
73 |
V. |
|
|
77 |
V. |
|
|
70 |
V. |
|
|
70 |
V. |
|
|
75 |
V. |
|
|
73 |
V. |
|
|
74 |
V. |
|
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76 |
V. |
|
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76 |
V. |
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74 |
V. |
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|
75 |
V. |
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74 |
V. |
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75 |
V. |
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72 |
V. |
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73 |
V. |
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73 |
\ |
r-LATE PAGE VOL.
Goat's-beard, Yellow, var. a 798 140 v.
var.£ 799 140 v.
var. 7 800 140 v.
Gold of Fleasure, Cultivated ... 141 200 i.
Fetid 142 200 i.
Golden Dock 1212 43 viii.
Moss 532 55 iv.
Saxifrage, Alternate- leaved 564 85 iv.
Opposite- leaved 563 84 iv.
-rod, Common, var. a ... 778 114 v.
var. £ ... 779 114 v.
Samphire 769 101 v.
Willow 1311 213 viii.
Goldgelber Ampfer (Ger.) 43 viii.
Goldilocks ....." 32 37 i.
Goldlach (Ger.) 154 i.
GoldnesseJ (Ger.) 77 vii.
Goldwurz (Ger.) 100 i.
Goldyloeks 777 112 v.
GOODYE'RA
RE'PEXS, Fr 1475 118 ix.
Goodyere rampantt (Fr.) 119 ix.
Gooseberry 518 39 iv.
Goosefoot, Fig-leaved 1191 16 viii.
Many-clustered 1195 21 viii.
Many-seeded, var. a. 1185 11 viii.
: var. £ 1186 12 viii.
Maple-leaved 1193 18 viii.
Xettle-leaved 1192 17 viii.
Oak-leaved 1198 24 viii.
Red, var. a 1196 23 viii.
var. £ 1197 33 viii.
■ Stinking 1187 13 viii.
Upright 1194 20 viii.
White, var. a 1188 13 viii.
var. 3 1189 14 viii.
var. y 1190 14 viii.
Goosegrass 658 226 iv.
Gorse 323 5 iii.
Gouet commun (Fr.) 14 ix.
d'Falie (Fr.) 16 ix.
Gvutte de sang (Fr.) H i-
Goutweed, Common 580 109 iv.
Graine de beurre ' (Fr.) 125 l.
GRAM'MICA
[aphyl'la, Lour.] (excluded) 93 vi.
GBAM'MITIS
Ce'terach, Swartz 1883 139 xii.
leptophyl'la, Swartz &
Willi 1S43 42 xii.
Grasarttges Samkrcaii (Ger.) 36 ix.
Grass. Alpine Fox-tail 17o4 30 xi.
-Hair 1731 66 xi.
Meadow 1762 115 xi.
Timothy 1705 31 xi.
Ambiguous Fescue 17S0 140 xi.
Annual Beard 1713 41 xi.
INDEX.
265
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Grass, Annual Meadow 1760 111 xi.
Balfour's Meadow 1767 122 xi.
Barren Brome 1799 164 xi.
False Brome 1808 176 xi.
Fescue 1782 143 xi.
Bent-stemmed Fox-tail 1701 26 xi.
Blue Moor 1710 36 xi.
Bog Hair 1733 69 xi.
Borrer's Meadow 1756 107 xi.
Bristle-leaved Bent 1717 46 xi.
Brown Bent 1718 47 xi.
Bulbous Meadow 1761 114 xi.
Csesious Meadow 1765 119 xi.
Canary 169S 21 xi.
Common Bent 1721 50 xi.
Couch 1810 178 xi.
Quaking 1774 131 xi.
Eye 1814 186 xi.
Scurvy 130 185 i.
Timothy 1706 & 1707 32 xi.
Confused Brome 1802 169 xii.
Creeping Dog's-tooth ... 1690 9 xi.
Fescue 1786 148 xi.
Sea Meadow ... 1754 103 xi.
Soft 1743 84 xi.
Crested Dog's-tail 1776 134 xi.
Hair 1746 89 xi.
Decumbent Heath 1745 87 xi.
Sea Couch... 1812 183 xi.
Dense - flowered Silky
Bent 1716 45 xi.
Downy Oat 1737 75 xi.
Dwarf Meadow 1759 111 xi.
Early Hair 1735 72 xi.
Sand 1689 8 xi.
Erect Sea Couch 1811 181 xi.
European Cut 1686 3 xi.
False Oat 1742 83 xi.
Wood Brome 1S07 174 xi.
Field Brome 1806 172 xi.
Flat-stemmed Meadow ... 1770 126 xi.
Floating Meadow 1752 98 xi.
Folded-leaved Meadow... 1753 99 xi.
Fox-tail Meadow 1703 28 xi.
Glabrous Finger 1691 11 xi.
Oat 1738 & 1739 76 xi.
Glaucous Meadow 1766 120 xi.
Great Brome 1798 163 xi.
Green Bristle 1693 14 xi.
Grey Hair 1729 63 xi.
Hard Fescue 1785 147 xi.
Meadow 1758 109 xi.
Heath Hair 1732 67 xi.
Hoary Whitlow 136 193 i.
Italian Rye 1815 187 xi.
Loose Panic 1692 12 xi.
Many-spiked Cord 1688 6 xi.
Marl 347 39 iii.
Marsh Bent 1719 & 1720 48 xi.
Mat 1814 198 xi
PLATE
Grass, Meadow Fescue... 1791 & 1792
Mountain Scurvy 131
Mouse-tail Fescue 1781
Nodding Melic 1748
Northern Holy 1695
of Parnassus 565
Orange-anthered Fox-tail 1700
Ovate Hare's-tail 1712
Pepper 1825
Perennial Beard 1714
poly, Hyssop-leaved 492
Procumbent-Meadow 1757
Purple Melic 1747
Purple-stalked Timothy 1708
Racemose Brome 1803
Reed Meadow 1751
Eeflexed Meadow 1755
Eibbon 1697
Rough Bristle 1694
Brome 1795
Cock's-foot 1778
Dog's-tail 1777
Meadow 1773
Rye Brome 1800 & 1801
Sand Couch 1813
. Lyme 1819
Timothy 1709
Sea, Hard ..'. 1818
Shave 1894
Sheep's Fescue ... 1783 & 1784
. Silvery Hair 1734
Single-glumed Fescue . . . 1779
Slender Fox-tail 1699
Small Quaking 1775
Smooth Meadow... 1771 & 1772
Soft Brome 1804 & 1805
Spreading Silky, Bent ... 1715
Straight-stemmed Meadow
1763
— — Sweet-scented Vernal ... 1696
Tall Brome 1793 & 1794
Fescue 1789 & 1790
Tuberous Fox-tail 1702
Tufted Hair 1730
Twin-spiked Cord 1687
Upright-annual Brome... 1797
perennial Brome 1796
Wavy Meadow 1764
Wood Couch 1809
Fescue 1787 & 1788
Meadow ... 176S & 1769
Melic 1749
Millet 1728
Yellow Oat 1736
PAGE
154 186 142 93 16 86 24 39
2 42
4 10S
9
34
168
100
105
20 14 158 137 135 130 166 184 191
35 189 162 144
71 139
23 132 128 171
44
116
18
156
151
27
65
5
162
160
117
177
149
124
94
61
74
99
124
VOL.
xi.
i. xi. xi. xi. iv. xi. xi. xii.
xi.
xii.
xi. xi. xi.
Grassblattriges Vog elk r aid (Ger.) .. Grassette a grandes fleurs (Fr.) ..
commune (Ft.) 123
de Portugal (Fr.) 125
jaunatre (Fr.) 125
Grasswrack, Common, var. a ... 1429 61
xi. xi.
Vll.
vii. vii. vii.
266
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE
Grasswrack, Common, var. £ ... 1430 61
Dwarf 1131 62
leaved Pondweed 1115 46
Grave Glockenheide (Ger.) 41
Pappel (Ger.) 195
Weide (Ger.) 232
Graues Silbergras (Ger.) 63
Graugriine Nelhe (Ger.) 48
Greek Valerian 922 82
Green Hellebore 44 57
Spleenwort 1877 129
Weed, Dyers' 328 10
Hairy 327 9
winged Meadow Orchis 1454 97
Gre'mil des champs (Fr.) 97
officinal (Fr.) 96
violet (Ft.) 95
GrenouiOette (Fr.) 24
Gromwell, Common 1101 96
Corn 1102 97
Purple 1100 95
Groseille a rnaquereau (Fr.) 39
cassis (Fr.) 45
commune (Fr.) 42
des Alpes (Fr.) 41
Grossamige Klette (Ger.) 25
Grossblumiges Vogelhraut (Ger.) 97
Grossbliithiges Zymbelkraut (Ger.) 130
Grosse Kaseblume (Ger.) 42
Strenze, or Astranze (Ger.) 92
Grosser Steinpeterlein (Ger.) 116
Wegerich (Ger.) 168
Grussere Klapper (Ger.) 182
Grosses Lowenmaul (Ger.) 131
Grbsster Zirmet (Ger.) 156
Ground Ivy 1055 41
Pine 1090 80
Groundsel, Common 749 SO
Mountain, var. a 750 82
var. 0 ... 751 82
Stinking 752 82
Griim Grand feste (Ger.) 161
Kuckucksblume (Ger.) 105
Niessicurz (Ger.) 57
Griiner Fennich (Ger.) 14
Guarelle (Fr.) 182
Guelder Rose, Common 639 203
Guiblane (Fr.) 190
Guter Heinrich (Ger.) 25
GYMXADE'XIA
AL'BIDA, Rich 1461 103
CONOP'SEA, Br 1460 102
vir'idis, Rich 1462 105
GYMNOCABPIUM
Dryop'teris, Newm 1S45 46
Phegop'teris,'Se\\m 1847 50
Robertia'num, Newm 1846 48
GYMNOGRAMATA
LEPTOPHYL'LA, Desv. 1843 42
VOL.
ix.
ix.
ix.
vi. viii. yin.
ix.
vii. vii. vii. i. vii. vii. vii.
iv.
iv.
iv. vii.
vi.
vi.
iv.
vii.
vii.
v.
vu. iv.
xii. xii. xii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
GYMNOGRAM'ME
Ce'terach, Spreng 1S83 139 xii.
Haarbltittrige Baricurz (Ger.) 141 iv.
Haarformiges Samkrant (Ger.) 52 ix.
Haarhalmige Segge (Ger.) 139 x.
Haariger Hundslattich (Ger.) 132 v.
HABEXA'RIA
al'bida, Br 1461 103 ix.
bifo'lia,Biib 1464 106 ix.
BIFO'LIA, Br. ... 1463 & 1464 105 ix.
chloran'tha, Bab 1463 107 ix.
eu-bifo'lia, Syme 1464 106 ix.
VIR'IDIS, Br 1462 105 ix.
Habichtskraut : (Ger.) 164-213 v.
Habichtskrautahnlicher Bitterich
(Ger.) 136 v.
Haferschlehe (Ger.) 117 iii.
Hag-taper 937 111 vi.
Rahnenfuss, or Krdhenfuss (Ger.) 17 i.
Hahnenfussartiger Froscldoffel
(Ger.) 73 ix.
Hain-Ampfer (Ger.) 42 viii.
Hain-Friedlos (Ger.) 150 vii.
Hain-Rispengras (Ger.) 125 xi.
Ha in-Yogelkraut (Ger.) 93 ii.
Hair-grass, Alpine 1731 66 xi.
Bog 1733 69 xi.
Crested 1746 89 xi.
Early 1735 72 xi.
Grey 1735 63 xi.
Heath 1732 67 xi.
Silvery 1734 71 xi.
. Tufted 1730 65 xi.
Ilakenfurmiger Was*erst'.rn (Ger.) ... 121 viii.
HALIAN'TEUS
peploi'des, Fries 239 106 ii.
JIAL'IMUS
peduncula'ta, Wallr 1209 37 viii.
portulacoi'des, Duniont ... 1208 36 viii.
HALOS'CIAS
Scot'icum, Fries 603 138 iv.
Hammer Sedge 1677 163 x.
Hangende Segge (Ger.) 140 x.
Hard Rush." 1563 26 x.
Hare-bell *70 13 vi.
Hare's-ear, Falcate-leaved 592 123 iv.
Mustard 101 149 i.
Narrow-leaved 590 121 iv.
Perfoliate 589 120 iv.
Slender 591 122 iv.
foot Sedge 1633 101 x.
Trefoil 354 47 iii.
tail Cotton-grass 1604 72 x.
grass, Ovate 1712 39 xi.
Hart's-tongue Fern 1858 87 xii.
Haxl-wort, Great 614 156 iv.
Hasenpfoten Segge (Get.) 104 x.
INDEX.
267
TLATE PAGE VOL.
Haufartiges Kunigumderikra ut
(Ger.) 121 ▼•
Haus-Ampfer (Git.) 51 ™j-
Hautbois Strawberry 439 I56 iiL
Hawk-bit, Autumnal, var. a ... 794 135 v.
var. /3 ... 795 135 v.
, Hairy 792 132 v.
Rough 793 133 v.
Hawk's-beard, Bristly 817 160
Large Rough ... 819 162
Marsh 821 164
Scabious-leaved 820 162
Small Rough ... 816 159
Smooth 818 161
— Stinking 815 158 v.
Hawkweed, Alpine 828 172
Amplexicaul-leaved 835 179
Black-headed 832 176
Broad-leaved S54 205
Ctesious 847 193
Oafs-ear 842 187
Compact 845 190
Corymbose S55 207
English 836 & 837 181
. Globose-headed 829 173
Gold-flowered, var. a 830 175
var.jS S31 175
Grey-headed 825 169
Grey lingulate-
leaved 833 177
Irish 838 182
Liugulate-leaved ... 834 178
Marygold-flowered 824 168
-Mouse-ear 822 166
Naked-headed 851 200
Narrow-leaved 853 204
Orange 823 167
Ox-tongue 796 136
Pale 840 185
Rough-leaved 858 211
Saffron 856 208
Scaly-stalked 844 189
Shaggy 839 184
Silvery 843 188
. Slender 828 173
Small-toothed 859 213
Spotted 849 196
Stellately-downy ... 848 195
Straight-branched... 857 210
Three-toothed 852 202
Wall 846 192
-Wood 850 198
Woolly -headed 826 170
Hawthorn 479 237
Common 480 238 hi.
Hazel 1292 17 viii.
leaved Bramble 455 193 iii.
HeadWark 58 88 i.
Heartsease 178 25 11.
Heath Bedstraw 651 219 iv.
PLATE
Heath, Cornish 892
Cross-leaved 8S8 & 889
Fine-leaved 891
Fringed-leaved 887
grass, Decumbent 1745
Grey 891
Hair-grass 1732
Irish 893
Mackay's 890
Rush 1576
Sedge, Glaucous ... 1644 1646
Silvery 1651
St. Dabeoc's 885
XI.
vi. xi. vi. vi.
x.
x.
Heather 894
Hecken-Knoterich (Ger.)
Heckensame (Ger.)
HED'EEA
HE'LIX, Linn 633
Hederich (Ger.)
Hedge Mustard 96
Garlic 100
Parsley, Field 619
— Knotted 621
Upright 620
Stonewort 578
Woundwort 1070 & 1071
HEDYP'NOIS
autumna'lis, Sin 794
hir'tum, Sin 792
his'pidum,Sm 793
Tarax'aci, Sm 795
HEDYS'ABUN
Onobry'chis, Linn 381
Eeide Labkraut (Ger.)
Segge(Ger.)
HeidenUattriger Spierstaude (Ger.) ... Heidliches Tausendgiildenkraut
(Ger.)
Heilvmrz Sesel (Ger.)
HELEOCH'ABIS
PAGE VOL.
42 vi.
38 vi.
41 vi.
36 vi. 87 41 67 43 39 39 118
129 x.
34 vi.
44 vi.
63 viii.
5 iii.
1S1 iv.
144,148 i.
144 i.
147 i.
163 iv. 165 iv.
164 iv. 107 iv.
59-60 vii.
aciculu'ris, Sm ,
Bazothry'on, Nees ..
exspito'sa, Reich. ..
flu'itans, Hook
midticau'lis, Sm. .
palus'tris, R. Br. ...
Koch
par'vula, Hook
pauciflo'ra, Link .
uniglu'mis, Reich..
Watso'ni, Bab
HELEOGETON
flu'itans, Link ....
glau'cum, Reich. .
par'vula, Link ....
pun'gau, Reich. .
trigo'num, Reich. .
trique'trum, Reich.
1585
1589
1590
1592
1588
1586 & 1587
, 1586
1591
1589
1587
1592 1597 1591 1600 1598 1599
134 v.
131 v.
133 v.
134 v.
81 iii.
220,221 iv.
129 x.
126 iii.
69 vi.
138 iv.
50 x.
54 x.
55 x. 57 x.
53 x.
51 x.
51 x.
56 x.
54 x.
52 x. 52 x.
57 x. 64 x. 56 x. 66 x.
64 x.
65 x.
268
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL
He'liantheme afeuilles de Folium
(Fr.) 11 ii.
blanchdtre (Fr.) 10 ii
commun (Ft.) 11 ii.
— tacJie (Fr.).
HELIAN'THEMUM
Brewe'ri, Planch
CA'NUM, Duwrf
ca'num, Reich
var. vinea'le, Byrne... ,
eu-gutta'tum, Syme
GUTTATUM, Miller.
165 &
Auct. Plur
var. $, Hook. & Am.
■ ital'icum, Pers
[ledifo'lium, Willd.'] (ex-
cluded)
oelan'dicuui, Wahl ,
POLIFO'LIUM, Pers. ...
pulverulen' turn, DC
surreja'num, Mill ,
vinea'le, Pers
VULGA'RE, Gdrtn
Heliotrope, Winter
Hellebore fe'tide (Fr.)
vert (Fr.)
166 167 167
165
166 165
166
9 9 9
7
7
7
8
10
169 169
Hellebore, Green
• Stinking
Helleborine, Broad-leaved Loner-leaved..
235 10 11 11
11
9 168 10 781 118
59
57
57 59
44 45
— Marsh
— Narrow-leaved.
— Oval-leaved ....
— Red
-White
1480 125
1484 129
1482 127 1479 124
1481 126
1483 128
1485 130
HELLEB'ORUS
FlE'TIDUS, Linn 45 58
hyema'lis, Linn 43 55
VIR'IDIS, Linn 44 56
HELMIN'THIA
ECHIOI'DES, Gdrtn 797
Helminthie vipe'rine (Fr.)
Helosciadie nodiflore (Fr.)
HELOSCIA'DIUM
INUNDA'TUM, Koch ... 575
NODIFLO'RUM, Bab.
573 & 574
Koch 573
var. longipeduncula'-
tum, F. Schultz 574
var. re'pens, Syme ... 574
var. vulga're, Schultz 573
re'pens, Koch 574
Hemes' theum monta'num, Newm. 1849
Thelyp'teris, Newm 1848
Hemlock, Common 629
Water 571 97
137 v.
138 v.
101 iv.
102 iv.
|
100 |
iv |
|
100 |
iv |
|
100 |
iv |
|
100 |
iv |
|
100 |
iv |
|
100 |
iv |
|
54 |
xii |
|
52 |
xii |
|
174 |
iv |
PLATE PACK VOL.
Hemlock, Water-Dropwort 597 129 iv.
Hemp- Agrimony, Common 785 121 v.
Common 1283 132 viii.
nettle, Common 1078 67 vii.
Downy 1076 65 vii.
Intermediate 1075 64 vii.
Large-flowered ... 1077 66 vii.
Narrow -leaved 1074 63 vii.
Henbane, Common 936 107 vi.
Henbit Dead-nettle 1081 70 vii.
Henne-belle 936 108 vi.
HEBAC'LEUM
SPHONDYL'IUM, Linn. 613 154 iv.
Herb Bennet 629 174 iv.
- Christopher 49 67 i.
Gerard 611 151 iv.
Paris 1509 174 ix.
Robert 305 203 ii.
__ var. 7 306 205 ii.
St. Barbara 120 171 i.
Herbe djaunir (Ger.) 5 ii.
au ehantre (Fr.) 144 i.
aux cuilliers (Fr.) 185 i.
aux-varices (Fr.) 19 v.
Sainte-Barbe (Fr.) 171 i.
Herbst Lowenzahn (Ger.) 135 v.
Wasserstern (Ger.) 123 viii.
Wendelorche (Ger.) 116 ix.
Zeitlose (Ger.) 225 ix.
HEKMINTUM
clandesti'num, Gren. &
Godr 1466 109 ix.
MONORCHISM 1466 109 ix.
HEBMODAC TYL US
tubero'sus, Salisb 1496 147 ix.
HEENIA'EIA
CILIATA, Bab 1172 179 vii.
GLA'BRA, Linn 1171 178 vii.
[hirsu'ta, Linn.'] (excluded) 183 vii.
latifo'lia, Lapey 180 vii.
Herzbldttriges Ziveiblatt (Ger.) 120 ix.
HESTERIS
inodo'ra, Linn., Sm 103 150 i.
MATRONA'LIS, Linn. ... 103 150 i.
Hetre fayard (Fr.) 165 viii.
HIERACIUM
AGGREGA'TUM, Bach. 845 189 v.
alpi'num, Back 827 170 v.
Sm 826 169 v.
var. o, Hook. & Am. 827 170 v.
var. 0, Hook. & Arn. 826 169 v.
AMPLEXICAU'LE,
Linn 835 178 v.
AN'GLICUM, Fries 836 & 837 179 v.
var. acutifo'lium,
Back 180 v.
var. amplexicau'le,
Bab 838 180 v.
IXDEX.
269
PLATE PAGE VOL.
HIEEA'CIUM
an'glicum, var. dccip'iens,
Syme ISO v.
ARGEXTEUM, Fries ... 843 187 v.
atra'tum, Bab 831 171 v.
Fries 833 176 v.
AURAXTI'ACUM, Linn. 823 1G6 v.
[Auric'ula, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 218 v.
[ Sm.] (excluded) 218 v.
bifidum, Kit 190 v.
BOREA'LE, Fries 854 204 v.
BOR'RERI, Syme 859 212 v.
CLE'SIUM, Fries (?) 847 192 v.
Fries 848 193 v.
var. obtusifo'lium,
Syme 193 v.
CALENDULIFLO'RUM,
Back 824 167 v.
cerinthoi'dee, Back.... 836 & 837 179 v.
[ Linn.] (excluded) 218 v.
var. a, Back 837 180 v.
var. $, Back 836 ISO v.
CHRYSAXTHUM, Bach.
830 & 831 174 v.
var. 7, Hook. & Am. 833 176 v.
var. microcepb'alum,
Bach 831 174 v.
CIXERES'CEXS, Jord.... 841 185 v.
COR YMBO'SUM, Fries... 855 206 v.
CROCA'TUM, Fries 856 207 v.
dent icula' turn, Sm 857 208 v.
Borrer 859 212 v.
[Dovren'se, Fries'] (ex-
cluded) 219 v.
[du'bium, Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 218 v.
[ Sm.] (excluded) 218 v.
EXIM'IUM, Back 825 168 v.
var. a, Hook. & Am. 825 168 v.
var. 0, Hook. & Am. 824 167 v.
var. tenel'lum, Bach 169 v.
flocco'sum, Bab 848 193 v.
FLOCCULO'SUM, Bach. 848 193 v.
G IBSO'XI, Bach 842 186 v.
[glacia'le, Lachn.] (ex-
cluded) 218 v.
GLOBO'SUM, Bach 829 173 v.
GOTH'ICUM, Fries 851 199 v.
var. latifo'lium, Bach 200 v.
GRACILEXTUM, Bach. 828 172 v.
heterophyl'lum, Bladon 854 204 v.
HOLOSERIC'EUM. Bach. 826 169 v.
hypochseroi'des, S. Gibson 842 186 v.
inquina'tum, Jord 849 195 v.
inuloi'des, Tauscb 856 207 v.
IR'ICUM, Fries 838 181 v.
Lapeyrou'sii, Bab 838 181 v.
■ lasiophyl'lum, Back 841 185 v.
Koch 186 v.
VOL. XII. 2 N
HIEEA'CIUM
La war/ a i, Sm 836 &
LIXGULATUM, Bach....
MACULA'TUM, Sm
MELANOCEPH'ALUM,
Tausch
var. insig'ne, Syme ...
mol'le, Jacq
MUROR'UM, Fries
Sm
" var. a, Linn." Frios
var. canes'cens, Syme
var. rotunda'tum,
Bach
var. sub-caj'sium,
Fries (?)
" var. /3. sylvat'icum,
Linn."
XIGRES'CEXS, Willd. ...
XIT'IDUM, Bach
Norve'gicum, Fries (?)
obtusifo'lium, Back
[Ore'ades, Fries] (excluded)
PAL'LIDUM, Fries
var. (?) per sici folium,
Fries
paludo'sum, Linn
Peleteria'num Merat
PILOSEL'LA, Linn
var. pilosis'simum,
Fries
[plum'beum, Fries] (excl.)
PREXAXTHOI'DES, Vill
puhnona'rium, Sm
rig'idum, Back
[ Hartm.] (excluded)
Kocb
rupes'tre, Bab
Sabau'dum, Sm
Saxif'ragum, Bab
[ Fries] (excluded) . . .
Schmid'tii, Kocb
SEXES'CEXS, Bach
stellig'erum, Back
[stolonif'erum, W. & K-]
(excluded)
STRIC'TUM, Fries
sylvat'icum, Sm
var. nemoro'sum, Back.
TRIDEXTATUM, Fries
UMBELLA'TUM, VOL ...
var. filifo'lium. Back.
YILLO'SUM, Linn
Sm
vires' cens, Sonder
VULGATUM, Fries
var. cine'reum. Bach.
var. nemoro'sum, Back.
var. rosula'tum, §yme
var. rufes'cena, Bach.
|
t837 |
179 |
|
834 |
177 |
|
819 |
195 |
|
827 |
170 |
|
171 |
|
|
820 |
162 |
|
846 |
190 |
|
847 |
192 |
|
847 |
192 |
|
191 |
846 832 844
840
844 821
822
. 858
830?
855
852 830 854 834
840 833 848
857 850
852 853
839
825
850 849
191
191
190 175 188 200 193 218 184
188 103 165 165
165 218 210 174 200 219 201 174 204 177 218 184 176 193
218 208 196 196 201 202 204 182 169 205 196 197 195 197 197
270
ENGLISn BOTANY.
PLATE PAOB
HIERA'CIUM
vulga'tum, var. subnigres'-
cens, Syrne 197
RIEBOGHLOA. See Hierochlo'e. HIEEOCHLO'E
BOREA'LIS, It. & S. 1695 16
odora'ta, Wahl 1695 16
Higtaper, or High-taper 937 111
HIMANTOGLOS'SUM
Mrci'num, Spreng 1448 90
Eimbeere (Ger.) 161
Eimmelschliisscl - Sclrfiisselblume
(Ger.) 132
Eippoere'pide en OmbeUe (Fr.) 80
HIPPOCRE'PIS
COMO'SA, Linn 380 79
HIPPOPHA'E
RHAMNOI'DES, Linn.... 1245 82
HIPPU'RIS
VULGA'RIS, Linn 516 33
HIRSCHFEL'DIA
adpres'sa, Miinch 86 129
Eirsenartige Segge (Ger.) 134
Hog's-Fennel, Marsh 610 150
Sea 609 149
Eohe Esche (Ger.) 57
Sommerwurz (Ger.) 197
Wolfmiilch (Ger.) 104
Holier Eimmehcldiissel (Ger.) 135
Schwingel (Ger.) 151
Wieserihqfer (Ger.) 83
HOL'CUS
avena'eens, Scop 1742 81
LANA'TUS, Linn 1744 84
MOL'LIS, Linn 1743 83
odoru'tus, Linn 1095 16
Holly 316 220
Sea 569 95
Holly-fern, Alpine 1859 90
. Hard 1S60 92
. Soft 1861 95
HOLOSCHCE'NUS
Linnx'i, Reich. & Sch. ... 1595 61
vidga'ris, Link 1595 61
Eol oste'e en ombelle (Fr.) 76
HOLOS'TEUM
UMBELLA'TUM, Linn. 216 75
Holy-grass, Northern 1695 16
EOMOG'YNE
[idpi'na, Cass.] (excluded) 217
Eonche'nye ponrpier (Fr.) 107
Honeystalks 347 39
Honeysuckle 642 207
Trefoil 347 39
Upright Fly 643 208
HONKENEYA
dblongifo'lia, Torr. & G ray 107
PEPLO-1'DEK, Ekrh 239 106
VI.
vi.
viii. vii.
xi.
xi.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Hop, Common 1284 134 viii.
Trefoil 365 61 iii.
Hopfen Schneclcenldee (Ger.) 25 iii.
HOR'DEUM
MARITTMUM, With 1823 195 xi.
MURI'NUM, Linn 1822 194 xi.
var. 0, Linn 1821 193 xi.
PRATEN'SE, Ends 1821 193 xi.
secali'num, Schreb 1821 193 xi.
SYLVATTCUM, Huds.... 1820 192 xi.
Horehound, Black 1065 & 1066 53 vii.
Water 1019 3 vii.
White 1064 51 vii.
Hornbeam 1293 177 viii.
leaved Bramble 176 iii.
Horned Pondweed, Common ... 1425 57 ix. Stalked-fruited
1426 57 ix.
Horn Poppy, Red 65 97 i.
Violet 64 96 i.
Yellow 66 98 i.
Eomschuch's Segge (Ger.) 154 x.
Horuwort, Common 1276 124 viii.
Unarmed 1277 124 viii.
Horse Mint, Broad-leaved 1021 6 vii.
Common 1022 7 vii.
Horseradish 129 183 i.
Horseshoe Vetch 380 80 iii.
Horsetail, Blunt-topped 1890 154 xii.
Corn 1889 152 xii.
Great 1888 150 xii.
Mackay's 1896 166 xii.
Marsh 192 157 xii.
Moore's 1895 164 xii.
Rough 1894 162 xii.
Variegated ... 1897 & 1898 169 xii.
Water 1893 159 xii.
Wood 1891 156 xii.
Eottone des marais (Fr.) 130 vii.
HOTTO'NIA
rALUS'TRTS, Linn 1128 130 vii.
Houhlon grimpant (Fr.) 134 viii.
Eoulque laineuse (Fr.) 85 xi.
mo/fc (Fr.) 84 xi.
Hound's Tongue, Common 1118 119 vii.
Green-leaved 1119 120 vii.
Housedeek, Common 538 61 iv.
Houx commun (Fr.) 220 ii.
Hiigel Meier (Ger.) 229 iv.
Euhner-Eirse (Ger.) 12 xi.
Eiilsenbaum (Ger.) 220 ii.
HU'MULUS
LU'PULUS, Linn 1284 133 viii.
Eunds Gleisse (Ger.) 133 iv.
Rose (Ger.) 226 iii.
Straussgras (Ger.) 47 xi.
Weizen (Ger.) 177 xi.
Eungcrblumchen (Ger.) 188 i.
Hutchiusia, Rock 151 210 i.
INDEX.
271
PLATE PAGE
HUTCHINSIA
PETILE'A, R. Brown 151 210
Hyacinth, Starch 1529 203
Wood 152S 201
HTACIN'THUS
non-scrip' tus, Linn 1528 200
racemo'sus, Linn 1529 201
HYDEOCH'AEIS
MOR'SUS-RA'N,E, Linn. 1444 78
HYDROCHLO'A
aquat' ica, Hartm 1751 100
HYDEOCOTYLE
VULGA'RIS, Linn 566 89
Hydrocotyle vulgaire (Fr.) 90
HYMENOPHYL'LUM
ala'tum,Sw 1839 33
pelta'tum, Desv 1841 36
TUNBRIDGEN'SE,
Smith 1S40 35
var. Bentham 1841 36
var. j3, Sm 1839 33
UNILATERAL^, Bory. 1841 36
Wilso'ni, Hook 1S41 36
HYOSCY'AMUS
[al'bus, Linn.'] (excluded) 109
NI'GER, Linn 936 106
var. pal'lidus, Syme 106
pal'lidus, Kitt 106
HYOS'ERIS
min'ima, Linn 788 127
HYPEKTCUM
ANDROS^TML'M, Linn. 264 143
Eng. Bot ed. i 265 145
Ang'licum, Bert 265 145
[barba'tmn, Jacq.] (ex-
cluded) 160
BCE'TICUM, Boiss. ...270 (bis) 153
CALYCI'NUM, Linn. ... 267 147
decip'iens, Wats 270 (bis) 153
decum'bens, Peterm 156
DU'BHM, Leers 269 151
var. niacula'tum,
Syme 151
ELATOI, Ait 265 145
ELO'DES, Linn 276 159
(j rand i folium, Chois 265 145
ElTRGTNUM, Linn 266 146
ELTBSUTUM, Linn 274 157
HUMIFU'SOI, Linn. ... 271 155
LINARIIFO'LHDI, Vill 272 156
lincola'tum, Joid 149
macula'tum, Bab. (olim) 151
microphyl'lnm, Jord 148
MONTA'NUM, Linn 275 158
PERFORATUM, Linn. 268 148
Joid 268 148
xn. xii.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
vi. vi. vi. vi.
273
270 269
HYPEE'ICUM
perforatum, var. angusti-
fo'lium, Syme
PUL'CHRUM, Linn
guadran' gulum, " Linn.,"
Sm
"Linn.," Reich., Fries
var. €. undida'tum,
DC.? 270 (bis)
TETRAP'TERUM, Fries. 270
undula'tum, " Schousb.,-'
Reich 270 (his)
HYPOCHCEEIS
Balli8'ii,'Lois
GLA'BRA, Linn 789
var. Balbis'ii, Syme
MACULA'TA, Linn 791
RADICA'TA, Linn 7'JO
HYPOPI'TYS
gla'bra, Bernh 901
multiflo'ra, Scop
HYSSO'PUS
[officinalis, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded)
|
PAGE |
VOL. |
|
148 |
ii. |
|
157 |
ii. |
|
152 |
ii. |
|
151 |
ii. |
|
153 |
ii. |
|
152 |
ii. |
153
|
128 |
V |
|
128 |
V |
|
128 |
V |
|
130 |
V |
|
129 |
V |
|
53 |
vi |
|
53 |
vi |
Iberide amere (Fr.)
IBE'EIS
AMA'RA, Linn
nudicau'lis, Linn
If commun (Fr.)
ILEX
AQUIFO'LIUM, Linn. ...
ILLECEBEUM
VERTICILLATUM,
Linn
Whorled
Immergriiner Buchsbaum (Ger.)
IMPATIENS
FUL'VA, Nutt
NOLI-ME-TAN'GERE,
Linn
PARVIFLO'RA, DC. ..
I»q>otiente-riy-touchez-pas(Fi.) Impe'ratoire commune (Fr.)
BIPEBATO'BIA
Ostru'thium, Linn
Tnkarnat Klee (Ger.)
INULA
CONY'ZA,X»C.
CRITHMOI'DES, Linn.
DYSENTER'ICA, Linn.
HELE'NIUM, Linn
PULICA'RIA, Linn
SALKTNA, Linn
semianinlexicau'lis, /<'< ">■
Willow-leaved
86 vii.
208
149 207 i.
150 209 i .... 278 viii'
316 219 ii.
1173 180 vii. 1173 181 vii. 95 viii.
314 217 ii.
313 216 ii.
315 218 ii. 217 ii.
151 iv.
611 150 iv. 45 iii.
767 99
769 101
770 102 766 97
771 103
768 100 100
768 1U0
272
EXGLISn BOTANY.
IV.
viii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
I'RIS
acorifor'mis, Bor 1495 145 ix.
Bastar'di, Bor 146 ix.
Foetid 1494 144 ix.
FffiTIDIS'SIMA, Linn.... 1494 143 ix.
var. citri'na, Syme 144 ix.
[Gcrnian'ica, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 155 ix.
Pseud-a'corus, Bor 145 ix.
PSEUD-A'CORUS, Linn. 1495 145 ix.
. var. acorifor'mis, Syme 1495 145 ix.
var. Bastar'di, Syme 146 ix.
[pu'mila, Linn.} (excluded) 155 ix.
[Susia'na, Willd.] (excluded) 155 ix.
TUBERO'SA, Linn 1496 147 ix.
Tuberous 1496 149 ix.
[xiphioi'des, Elirh.] (excluded)... 155 ix.
[Xiph'ium, Ehrh.] (excluded) ... 155 ix.
Yellow Water 1495 146 ix.
Iris faux-acore (Fr.) 146 ix.
gigot (Fr.) 144 ix.
tube'reux (Fr.) 149 ix.
Irish Buruet Rose 463 206 iii.
■ Hawkweed 838 182 v.
Heath 893 43 vi.
' (81-1
Mossy Saxifrage 558-562 i g3 >
Spurge 1257 103
ISA'TIS
TINCTO'RIA, Linn 161 222 i.
ISNAB'DIA
Marsh 510 27 iv.
palus'tris, Linn 510 27 iv
Isnardie des marais (Fr.) 27 iv.
ISOE'TES
Durise'i, Hook 1828 8 xii.
echinos'pora, Dur 1827 7 xii.
eu-lacus'tris, Syme 1826 4 xii.
Hys'trix, Bur 1828 8 xii.
LACUS'TRIS,Zmn. 1826, 1827 4 xii.
var. Mor'ei, Syme 1826* 5 xii.
Mor'ei, D. Moore 1826* 5 xii.
seta'cea, Del 7 xii.
vela'ta, A. Br 7 xii.
ISOL'EPIS
aciculu'ris, Schl 15S5 50 x.
fiu'itans, R. Br 1592 57 x.
Holoschce'nus, Rom. & Sch. 1595 61 x.
pygmas'a, Kunth 59 x.
Sa'viana, Kunth 1593 59 x.
Schult 1593 58 x.
Mini, Hook 1593 58 x.
seta'cea,~R. Br 1594 60 x.
Italian Catclifly 208 66 ii.
Cuckoo-pint 1393 16 ix.
Rye-grass 1815 187 xi.
Ttalienisches Eaygras (Ger.) 187 xi.
Ivraie d'ltalie (Fr.) 187 xi.
enivrante (Fr.) 188 xi,
vivace (Ex.) 186 xi
PLAT3 PAGE VOL.
Ivy Broom-rape 1015 199 vi.
Common 633 182 iv.
Ground 1055 41 vii.
Ivy-leaved Bell-flower 875 19 vi.
Cyclamen 1136-1138 141 vii.
Duckweed 1394 17 ix.
Lettuce 808 151 v.
Speedwell 970 150 vi.
Toadflax 955 134 vi.
Water Crowfoot 26 30 i.
IX' I A
Bulboco'dium, Sm 1492 140 ix.
Jack-by-the-Hedge 100 147 i.
Jacobs Baldgreis (Ger.) 85 v.
Jacob's Ladder 922 82 vi.
Joaquin's Alsine (Ger.) 115 ii.
Jasione de montagne (Fr.) 5 vi.
JASIO'NE
MOXTA'NA, Linn 863 4 vi.
Jonc a fleurs aigues (Fr.) 30 x.
obtuses (Fr.) 29 x.
a fruits lustre's (Fr.) 32 x.
a trois glumes (Fr.) 16 x.
pointes (Fr.) 14 x.
agglomere' (Fr.) 20 x.
aigu (Fr.) 18 x.
arctique (Fr.) 27 x.
bothnieus (Fr.) 37 x.
des terres argileuses (Fr.) 36 x.
diffus (Fr.) 25 x.
entete(Fr.) 34 x.
tfpars (Fr.) 21 x.
Jil if orme (Fr.) 27 x.
glauque (Fr.) 26 x.
maritime (Fr.) 19 x.
multiflore (Fr.) 10 x.
se'tace' (Fr.) 33 x.
Joubarbe des toits (Fr.) 61 iv.
JU'GLANS
[re'gia, Linn.'] (excluded) 261 viii.
Julienne des dames (Fr.) 151 i.
JUN'CUS
ACUTIFLOHUS, Ehrli. 1567 29 x.
var. macrocepk'alus,
Koch 30 x.
ACU'TUS, Linn 1558 17 x.
var. £, Linn 1559 18 x.
arc'ticus, Hook 1564 26 x.
arcua'tus, Wahl 1552 11 x.
arUcula'tus, Fries 1568 31 x.
Linn 1567 29 x.
BAL'TICUS, Willd 1564 26 x.
BIGLUTJilS, Linn 1557 16 x.
Bott'nicus, Wahl 1574 37 x.
breviros'tris, Nees 30 x.
bufo'nius, Bor 1572 35 x.
BUFO'NIUS, Linn. 1572, 1573 34 x.
INDEX.
273
PLATE PAGE VOL.
JUN'CUS
bufo'nius, var. fascicula'-
tus, Koch 1573
var. rana'rius, Syme
BULBO'SUS, Linn. 1574 & 1575
Sm 1575
cxno'sus, Bichen 1574
campes'tris, Linn 1551
var. 7, Linn 1550
CAPITA'TUS, Weig 1571
CASTA'NEUS, Sm 1555
COMMU'NIS, E. Mey.
1560 k 1561
compres'sus, Jacq 1575
var. a, Hook. & Am. 1 575
var. 0, Hook. & Am. 1574
conglomera'tus, Linn 1560
DIFFU'SUS, Hoppe 1562
effuso-glau'cus, Schn. et
Frickh 1562
effu'sus, Linn 1561
ericeto'rum, Poll 1571
fascicula'tus, Bert 1573
FILIFOR'MIS, Linn 1565
Fors'teri, Sm 1547
Gerar'di, Lois 1574
[Ges'neri, Sm.] (excluded)
GLAU'CUS, Sibth 1563
var. fi.diffu'sus, Hook.
& Am 1562
var. Ehrhar'ti, Hook.
& Am 1563
var. littora'lis, Wahl. 1564
[gracilis, Sm.] (excluded)
hyb'ridus, Bret 1573
lampocar'pus. SeeLAMPRO-
CARPUS.
LAMPROCAR'PUS,
Ehrh 1568 & 1569
D.Don 1568
var. nigritel'lus, Syme 1569
MARIT'IMUS, Sm 1559
max'imus, With 1549
nigritel'lus, D. Don 1569
Koch
OBTUSIFLO'RUS, Ehrh. 1566
pilo'sus, Linn 1548
polyceph'alus, Hook 1569
rana'rius, Soug. & Perr
[Smith' ii, Kunth] (excluded) . . .
spica'tus, Linn 1553
SQUARRO'SUS, Linn.... 1576
subverticilla'tus, Wulf.
SUPI'NUS, Monch 1570
var. Koch'ii, Bab
var. subverticilla'tus,
Syme
var. uligino'sus, Syme 1570
sylvat' icus, Huds 1549
Reicbard 1567
35 35 36 37 37
8
9 34 14
20 37 37 37 20 24
24 21 34 35 27 4 37 39 25
24
25 26 39 35
30 31 31 18
7 31 33 28
5 31 35 39 12 38 33 32 33
33 33
7 29
PLATE PAGE VOL
JUN'CUS
[ten'uis, Willd.] (excluded) 39 x.
TRIF'IDUS, Linn 1554 13 x.
TRIGLU'MIS, Linn 1556 15 x.
uligino'sus, Hook. & Am. 1570 32 x.
Sibth 1570 33 x.
Juniper, Alpine 1383 276
Common 13S2 274
JUNIP'EKUS
alpi'na,C\u3 1383 275
COMMU'NIS, Linn.l382& 1383 273
Willd 1382 273
var. a, Hook. & Arn. 1382 273
var. na'na, Hook. &
Am 1383 275
eu-commu'nis, Syme 1382 273
na'na, Willd 1383 275
[Sabi'na, Linn.'] (excluded) 285
Jusquiame noire (Fr.) 107
vm. viii.
viii. viii. viii. viii.
viii. viii. viii. viii. vi.
Kahles Ferkdkraid (Ger.)
Tausendkorn (Ger. ,)
Kahlstengelige Teesdalee (Ger.)
Kdlberkropf (Ger.)
Kalk-Kreuzblume (Ger.)
Kamm'dhriger Wachtehveizen (Ger.)...
Kammformige Kolerie (Ger.)
Kammformiger NadelJcerbel (Ger.) ...
Kanarien-Hirse (Ger.)
Kegelkelchiger Taubenkropf (Ger.)
Kelchfriichtiges Schildkraut (Ger.)
Kidney Vetch, Common 333
Kiefer (Ger.)
Kingcup 33
King's-taper 937
Klapperrose (Ger.)
Klatschmohn (Ger.)
Klebriger Baldgreis (Ger.)
Klee Seide (Ger.)
Kleinbldttiger Schotemoeiderich
(Ger.)
Kleinblumige Galinsoge (Ger.)
Kleinblumiger Steinklee (Ger.)
Kleinblumiges Wollkraid (Ger.)
KleinUiithige Erdrauch (Ger.)
Kleinbliithiger Ganserich (Ger.)
Kleinbluthiges Knabenkraid (Ger.) ...
— Springkraut (Ger.)
Kleine Butterblume (Ger.)
Klapper (Ger.)
Klauenschote (Ger.)
Salbei (Ger.)
Simse (Ger.)
Sommerivurz (Ger.)
Wolfsmilch (Ger.)
Kleiner Ampfer (Ger.)
Baldrian (Ger.)
Frauenflachs (Ger.)
129 v.
179 vii.
209 i.
106 iv.
40 ii.
184 vi.
89 172
21 xi.
59 ii.
197 i.
20 iii.
265 viii.
39 i.
Ill vi.
xi. iv.
i. v.
vi.
88 82 93
12
96
33 111 115 152
93 218
39 181
78
44 vii.
57 x. 200 vi. 112 viii.
57 viii. 239 iv. 144 vi.
vi.
iii.
274
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Kleiner Knolerich (Gcr.)
Schildtriiger (Ger.)
Wasserhelm (Ger.)
Kleines Lammkraut (Ger.)
Samkraut
Wintergrun (Ger.)
Kleiniste Ingelskolbe (Ger.)
Wasserlinse (Ger.)
Kleinster Schneckenklee (Ger.)
Kleinstes Schimmelkraut (Ger.)
Kletterndes Lablcraut (Ger.)
KNAP'PIA
agrostid'ea, Sm 1689
Knapweed, Black, var. a 706
, var. 0 707
Brown-rayed 705
Greater 708
|
73 |
viii. |
|
49 |
vii. |
|
128 |
Vll. |
|
12? |
v. |
|
51 |
ix. |
|
50 |
vi. |
|
8 |
ix. |
|
22 |
ix. |
|
28 |
iii. |
|
71 |
v. |
|
226 |
iv. |
KNAU'TIA
arven'sis, Coult 679
Knawel, Common... 1174, var. ft 1175
Perennial 1176
Knoblauchduf tender Gamander
(Ger.)
7 xi.
32 v.
32 v. 31 v.
33 v.
252 iv.
182 vii.
183 vii.
Knoblauchkraut (Ger.)
Knollentragende Kratzdistel (Ger.)
Knollentragender Kummel (Ger.)
— Steinbrcch (Ger.) ...
Knollentragendes Madesiiss (Ger.)
Knopf grasartige Simse (Ger. )
Knotenbinse (Ger.)
Knotenbluthiger Scheiberich (Ger.)
Knotenfruchtiger Haftdolde (Ger.)
Knotgrass, Common 1229-1231
Kay's 1232
Sea 1233
Knotige Braunwurz (Ger.)
Sagine (Ger.)
|
83 |
Vll. |
|
147 |
i. |
|
14 |
v. |
|
113 |
iv. |
|
78 |
iv. |
|
129 |
iii. |
|
62 |
X. |
|
36 |
X. |
|
101 |
iv. |
|
165 |
iv. |
Knotted Hedge-Parsley 621
Spurrey 251
KOBRESIA
carici'na, Willd 1609
Sedgelike 1609
Kobre'sie carex (Ft.)
KOELERTA
albescens, DC
arena'ria, Dum
CRISTA'TA, Pers 1746
crista'ta, Bor 1746
var. albes'cens, Stjme
var. grac'ilis, Syme... 1746
var. vulga'ris, Syme 1746
grac'ilis, Bor 1746
Koelerie a crete (Fr.)
Kohl (Ger.)
Kohlartige Saudistel (Ger.)
KOHLBAU'SCHIA
prolif'era, Kunth 196
KO'NIGA
marit'ima, E. Brown 140
64 viii.
69 viii.
70 viii. 124 vi. 126 ii. 165 iv. 126 ii.
77 x.
77 x.
77 x.
89 89 88 88 89 89 89 88 89 130 153
51 ii.
197 i.
Konrad's Kraut (Ger.)
Kopfbliithige Blnse (Gcr.) ,
Korb-Weide (Ger.)
Korn Bade (Ger.)
Kornblume (Ger.)
Krdhenfussartiger Wegerich (Ger.).
Kratzbeere (Ger.)
Krause Distel (Ger.)
Krauser-Ampfer (Ger.)
Krauses Samkraut (Ger.)
Krautartige Weide (Ger.)
Krautartiges Glasschnalz (Ger.) .
Kreichende Goody ere (Ger.) , .
Weide (Ger.)
m. v.
Kreuz- Kraut (Ger.)
Labkraut (Ger.)
Kreuzblattrige Wolfsmilch (Ger.) Kriechender Gdnserich (Ger.) ...
Giinsel (Ger.)
Kugelranunkel (Ger. )
Kukuks Krauzrade (Ger.)
KurzgeMelte Zannichellie (Ger.) Kurzhaarige Segge (Ger.)
PAGE VOL.
144 ii.
34 x. 224 viii.
74 ii.
34 v.
174 vii.
197
9
50 viii.
44 ix.
260 viii.
7 viii.
119 ix.
248 viii.
80 v. 214 iv. 113 149
78
54
71
57 163
vui.
Lachenal'8 Pferdesaat (Gcr.) ...
Lack (Ger.)
Lackviole (Ger.)
LACTU'CA
MURA'LIS, Fresen
SALIG'NA, Linn
var. runcina'ta, Gr. &
Godr
SCARl'OLA, Linn
VIKO'SA, Linn
Ladies'-finger
Smock
Hairy-leaved . . .
Impatient-podded
Meadow
808 807
— Tresses, Autumnal ....,
Creeping
— Summer
Three-ranked
Lady-fern
Alpine
Dwarf Alpine
Flexile
806
805
333
108
110
112
109
1472
1475
1473
1474
1869
1870
1871
Lady 's-man tie, Alpine ....
Common .
Field ....
~ Silvery....
■ Slipper, Common.
LAGU'EUS
OVATUS, Linn
Laitron des Alpes (Fr.)
des champs (Fr.)
des lieux cultives (Fr.)...
des marais (Fr.)
rudetji:)
425 423
?422 424
1490
1712
128 154 154
150 149
150 148 145 20 158 160 162 159 116 119 116 118 108 113 112 115 141 138 137 140 136
39 152 155 153 157 154
iv. i.
v. v.
iii.
l.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix. xii. xii. xii. xii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
INDEX.
275
PLATE PAGE
Laitue des murs (Fr.) 151
effilee(Fr.) 150
sauvage (Fr.) 148
vireuse (Fr.) 146
Lamb's-Lettuce, Carinated 670 241
Common 669 240
Hairy-fruited 673 244
Narrow-fruited 672 243
Sharp-fruited 671 242
Lamb-toe ? 333 20
Lamier blame (Fr.) 75
d&oupe' (Fr.) 72
embrassant (Fr.) 70
jaune (Fr.) 77
pourpre (Fr.) 73
tacluf (Fr.) 74
LABIUM
AL'BUM, Linn 1086 74
var. 0, Hook. & Am. 1085 73
■ AMPLEXICAU'LE, Linn. 1081 69
var. Benth 1082 70
confer' turn, Fries 1083 71
GALEOB'DOLON, Crantz 1087 76
hirsu'turn, Lam 1085 73
hyb'ridum, Yill 1083 71
INCI'SUM, Willd 1083 71
INTERME'DIUM, Fries 10S2 70
MACULA'TUM, Linn. ... 1085 73
PURPU'REUM, Linn. ... 1084 72
var. decip'iens, Sond 72
ru'brum, Wallr 1085 73
rugo'sum, Ait 1085 73
LAMPB0THA31'NUS
aleopecuroi'des, A. Braun... 1909 193
LAMPSA'NA
commu'nis, DC 787 125
Lampsane commune (Fr.) 126
minima (Fr.) 127
Lancashire Asphodel 1542 222
Land-Schilf (Ger.) 54
Langestielte Zannichellie (Fr.) 57
Langliches Samkraut-gewachse
(Ger.) 29
Langwurzeliges Ferkelkraut (Ger.) 130
Lanzettliche Kratzdistel (Ger.) 11
Lanzettlicher Schotenweiderich
(Ger.) 14
Wegerich (Ger.) 171
Lanzettliches Schilf (Ger.) 55
LAPPA
ma'jor, Gartn 699 23
mi'nor, Lam 700-702 24
officinalis, All 699 23
LAPPA'GO
[racemo'sa, Willd.] (excluded)... 203
Lappldndische Weide (Ger.) 253
LAPSA'NA
COMMU'NIS, Linn 787 125
2msiria, Willd 788 127
VOL. V. V. V. V. IV.
iv.
iv.
u. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
IX.
xi.
vu. xi.
|
99 |
ii. |
|
99 |
ii. |
|
63 |
i. |
|
64 |
i. |
|
61 |
xii. |
|
87 |
xii. |
|
84 |
xii. |
|
48 |
xii. |
|
70 |
xii. |
|
84 |
xii. |
|
70 |
xii. |
|
76 |
xii. |
|
73 |
xii. |
|
70 |
xii. |
|
70 |
xii. |
|
82 |
xii. |
|
85 |
xii. |
|
84 |
xii. |
TLATE PAGE VOL.
LABBBM'A
aquat'ica, Ser 227 91 ii.
LABBBE'A
aquat'ica, St. Hil 233
uligino'sa, Reich 233
Larkspur, Branching 47
Wild 47
LAS'TEEA
abbrevia'Ui, Wollaston
iE'MULA, Brackenridge 1858
alpi'na, Moore 1S57
ca Ica'rea, Bory 1846
Cuftip'tem, Newm 1853
colli'na, Bab 1857
CRISTA'TA, Presl 1S53
var. spinulo'sa, Moore 1855
var. uligino'sa, Moore 1854
crista' turn, F. Moore 1S53
var. Callip'teris,H.ook 1853
DILATA'TA, Presl 1857
var. alpi'na, Moore
var. colli'na, Bab
var. dumeto'rum,
Moore
var. glandulo'sa,
Moore 1856
var. lepido'ta, Moore
var. tanacetifo'lia,
Moore
Dryop'teris, Bory 1845
dumeto'rum, Moore 1857
FI'LIX-MAS, Presl 1850
var. abbrevia'ta, Bab
var. am ' nis, Bab
var. Bor'reri, Bab
var. inci'sa, Moore
var. palea'cea, Moore
var. pu'mila, Moore
var. subin'tegra,
Moore
Foznise'cii, Watson 1858
GLANDULO'SA, Newm. 1S5G
lepido'ta, Moore 1S57
monta'na, Newm 1S49
multiflo'ra, Newm 1857
var. na'na, Newm
OREOP'TERIS, Presl ... 1849
palus'tris, J. S. Wilde 1S48
Phegop'teris, Bory 1847
84 xii.
80 xii.
85 xii.
84 xii. 46 xii. 84 xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
57 61 59 59
59
59 xii.
60 xii.
xn. xii. xii.
propin qua,
Wollaston "
pseu'do-mas, Wollast
recur' va, Newm 1858
REMO'TA, Moore 1852
RIG'IDA, Presl 1851
Bobertia'na, Newm 1846
rufid'ula, Presl 1862
spino'sa, Newm 1855
SPINULO'SA, Presl 1855
. var. decip'iens, Syme
62 87 80
84 xii. 54 xii. 82 xii. 84 xii. 54 xii. 52 xii. 50 xii. 61 xii. 59 xii. 87 xii. 67 xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
65
48 98 76 76
276
ENGLISH BOTANY.
|
101 |
iii. |
|
99 |
iii. |
|
103 |
iii. |
|
107 |
iii. |
|
110 |
iii. |
|
111 |
iii. |
|
109 |
iii |
|
109 |
iii |
|
110 |
iii |
|
14 |
iii. |
|
102 |
iii |
|
108 |
iii |
|
104 |
iii |
|
106 |
iii |
|
105 |
iii |
PLATE PAGE VOL.
LASTREA
spinulo'sa, var. eleva'tum,
Syme 78 xii.
var. exalta'turn, Syme 78 xii.
tanacetifo'lia, Moore 1857 84 xii.
THELYP'TERIS, Presl... 1848 52 xii.
ULIGINO'SA, Neicm 1854 73 xii.
Late Spider Orchis 1468 112 ix.
LATHR^E'A
SQUAMA'RIA, Linn. ... 1006 189 vi.
LATH'YRUS
APH'ACA, Linn 397
bithyriicus, Lam 396
HIRSU'TUS, Linn 399
LATIFO'LIUS, Linn. ... 403
MACRORRHI'ZUS.TFmm. 406
var. tenuifo'lius, Syme Ill
MARIT'IMUS, Big 405
var. aeutifo'lius, Bab 109
monta'nus, Bernh 406
NI'GER, Wimm 407
NISSO'LIA, Linn 398
PALUS'TRIS, Linn 404
PRATEN'SIS, Linn 400
SYLVES'TRTS, Linn. ... 402
TUBERO'SUS, Linn 401
Lauchbldttrige Haferwurx (Ger.) 141 v.
Laurel, Spurge 1247 87 viii.
LAVATE'RA
ARBO'REA, Linn 279 165 ii.
Lavatere en arbre (Ft.) 165 ii.
Lavender, Great Sea 1156 & 1157 161 vii.
Lesser Sea 1159 165 vii.
Matted Sea 1161 166 vii.
Remote-flowered Sea 1158 163 vii.
Lederblattrige Rose (Ger.) 221 iii.
LEDUM
[palus'tre, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 54 vi.
Leek, Sand 1532 208 ix.
Wild 1530 & 1531 206 ix.
LEER'SIA
ORYZOI'DES, Soland, ... 1686 2 xi.
Le'ersie iifleurs de riz (Ft.) 3 xi.
Leinkraut (Ger.) 112 v.
LEM'NA
ARRHI'ZA, Linn 1398 24 ix.
GIB'BA, Linn 1396 22 ix.
MI'NOR, Linn 1395 21 ix.
POLYRRHI'ZA, Linn. ... 1397 23 ix.
TRISUL'CA, Linn 1394 17 ix.
Lenticule a plusieurs racines (Fr.) 24 ix.
gonfle'e (Fr.) 23 ix.
naine (Ft.) 22 ix.
prolifere (Ft.) 17 ix.
LEONTODON
AUTUMXA'LIS, Linn.
794 & 795 134 v. var. prateua'is, Koch 795 134 v.
PLATE PAGE
LEON'TODON
has'tilis, var. vulga'ris,
Koch 793 133
HIR'TUS, Linn 792 131
HIS'PIDUS, Linn 793 133
palus'tre, Sm 804 143
proteifur'mis, var. vulga'ris,
Gr. & Godr 793 133
Tarax'acum, Linn 802-804 142
Sm 802 142
LEONU'RUS
CARDI'ACA, Linn 1080 68
Leopard's-bane, Great 761 91
Plantain-leaved 762 92
LEPIDTUM
CAMPES'TRE, R. Broum. 156 216
did'ymum, Linn 159 220
DRA'BA, Linn 158 218
heterophyl'lum 0. canes' cens,
Gr. &Godr 157 217
[hir'tum, Linn.'] (excluded) 224
Sm., in part 157 217
LATIFO'LIUM, Linn. ... 153 213
petne'um, Linn 151 210
RUDERA'LE, Linn 154 214
SATI'VUM, Linn 155 215
SMITH'II, Hook 157 217
LEPIG'ONUM
margina'tum, Koch 257 131
mari'num, "Wahl 257 131
me'dium, Fries 130
neglec'tum, Kindb 255 129
and 130
ru'brum, Fries 254 129
rupes'tre, Kindb 256 132
sali'num, Kindb 130
LEPTU'RUS
FILIFOR'MIS, Trin 1818 189
[incurva'tus, Trin.] (ex-
cluded) 203
fr.filifor'mis, Bab. ... 1818 189
Lerchenspom (Ger.) 102
Lettuce, Ivy-leaved 808 151
Least 807 150
Prickly 806 148
Strong-scented 805 146
LE UCAN' THEMUM
Chamxme'lum, Lam 719 48
Parthen'ium, Gr. & Godr. 715 43
vulga're, Lam 714 41
LEUCOTUM
mSTYYTJM., Linn 1505 164
YER'NUM, Linn 1506 165
LIBANO'TIS
monta'na, All 602 137
vulga'ris, DC 602 137
Liclttnclkcnartiges Wollkraut
(Ger.) 114
Liebstbckel (Ger.) 139
INDEX.
277
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Liegende Sieglingie (Ger.) 87 xi.
Liegendes ScMangenatigh in (Ger.) 121 vii.
Lierre grimpant (Fr.) 182 iv.
terrestre (Fr.) 41 vii.
LIGUS'TICUM
Me'um.DC 605 141 iv.
SCOT'ICUM, Lima 603 138 iv.
Lignstique Levesche (Fr.) 139 iv.
LIGUS'TBOI
YULGA'EE, Linn 904 CO vi.
LILTOI
MAB'TAGOX, Linn 1518 187 ix.
pompo'nium, Bab 1517 186 ix.
PYEEXA'ICUM, Gouan 1517 186 ix.
Lily, Least Water 56 80 i.
— -of the Valley 1514 181 ix.
Purple Martagon 1518 188 is.
WhiteWater 53 77 i.
Yellow Martagon 1517 187 ix.
Water 55 79 i.
Lime, Common 2S6 174 ii.
Large-leaved 285 173 ii.
Small-leaved 287 177 ii.
Limestone-Fern 1S46 4S xii.
Polypody 1846 48 xii.
Limewort 196 52 ii.
LIMXAX'THEMUM
NYMPELEOI'DES, Link. 921 80 vi.
LIMNETIS
pun'gens, Pers 1687 4 xi.
LniNOCHLO'A
acicuJa'ris, Eeich 15S5 50 x.
Bseotkry'on, Fieich 1589 54 x.
csespito'sa, Beich 1590 55 x.
par' vula, Reich 1591 56 x.
LBIOSEL'LA
AQUAT'ICA, Link 968 146 vi.
Limoselle aquaMque (Ft.) 147 vi.
Lin a feuittes e'troites (Fr.) 184 ii.
cidtive Fr.) 185 ii.
purgatif (Er.) 181 ii.
usud (Fr.) 185 ii-
vivace (Er.) 183 n.
Linaigrettealargesgaines(Fr.) 72 x.
— a pe'doncules lisses (Fr.) ... 74 x.
. ■ pubescent*
(Fr.) 75 x.
rudes
(Fr.) 76 x.
des Alpes (Fr.) 71 x.
Linaire a racine rarnpante (Fr.) 140 vi.
■ commune (Fr.) 142 vi.
coucMe (Fr.) 137 vi.
cymbalai re (Fr.) 134 vi.
dela pe'lissier (Fr.) 138 vi.
Elatijie (Ft.) 135 vL
naine (Fr.) 144 vi.
pur purine (Fr.) 139 vi.
velrote (Fr.) 136 vi.
VOL. XII.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
LINA'EIA
CYMBALA'EIA, MOL... 955 133 vi.
dalma'tica, Mill 142 vi.
ELATTNE, Mill 956 134 vi.
[jun'cea, DC] (excluded) 188 vi.
[Losel'ii, Schweg.] (excluded) .. . 188 vi.
MI'XOE, Desf. 966 143 vi.
PELISSEEIA'XA. Mill. 959 138 vi.
PTJRPU'BEA, Mill 960 138 vi.
RETENS,JfiH 961 139 vi.
St'pium, Allm 965 142 vi.
[Spar'tia, Soffm.'] (ex-
cluded) 187 vi.
specio'sa, Ten 964 141 vi.
SPU'EIA, Mill 957 135 vi.
8/rm'ta, DC 961 139 vi.
SUPI'XA, Desf. 958 137 vi.
vulga'ri-re'pens, Syme 965 142 vi.
VULGARIS, MB 962-965 140 vi.
latifolia, Bab 964 141 vi.
Pelo'ria 963 142 vi.
Ling, Common 894 44 vi.
LLNN^IA
BOEEA'LIS, Gronov 644 209 iv.
Two-flowered 644 210 iv.
Linne'e du nord (Fr.) 210 iv.
LINOSY'BIS
vulga'ris, Cass 777 112 v.
LTNOI
alpi'num, Jacq 183 h.
ang'licum, Mill 290 182 ii.
ANGUSTIFO'LIUM.
Ends 291 183 ii.
austri'acum, Linn 1S3 ii.
CATHAE'TICUM, Linn. 289 181 ii.
crepitans, Durnort 184 ii.
hu'mile, Mill 184 ii.
Leo'nii, F. Schultz 183 ii.
PEEEX'XE, Linn 290 182 ii.
var. ang'licum,
Planch 290 182 ii.
Radi'ola, Linn 28S 179 ii.
USITATIS'SIMUM.
Linn 292 1S4 ii.
var. crepitans, Bab 184 ii.
Liondent d'automne (Fr.) 135 v.
hispide (Fr.) 133 v.
LIPAEIS
LOESELTI, Rich 14SS 133 ix.
Liquorice Vetch 377 76 in.
. Wild 331 18 iii.
Liseron des champs (Fr.) 85 vi.
des haies (Fr.) 87 vi.
solda nelle (Fr.) SS vi.
LIS'TEEA
COEDA'TA, Br 1476 120 ix.
ni'dus-a'vis, Huok 1478 122 ix.
OVA'TA, Br 1477 120 ix.
O
278
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGB
LITHOSPERMUM
AEVEN'SE, Linn 1102 96
marit'imum, Lehm 1099 93
OFFICTNA'LE, Linn. ... 1101 95
PURPU'REO-C^IRU'-
LEUM, Linn 1100 91
LITTOEEL'LA
LACUS'TRIS, Linn 1159 174
LittoreUe des lacs (Ft.) 175
Live-long 526 49
Lizard Orchis 1448 91
LLOYDTA
Mountain 1521 192
SEROTTNA, Reich 1521 192
LOBE'LIA
Acrid 862 4
DORTMAN'NA, Linn. ... 861 2
speciosa, [a mistake for
L. Erinus, Linn.] 4
U'RENS, Linn 862 3
Water 861 2
Lobe'lie brulante (Fr.) 4
Lobe'lie de Dortmann (Fr.) 2
LOBULA'BIA
marit'ima, Desv 140 197
LockerblutMge Segge (Ger.) 135
Lockerbluthiges Knabenkraut (Ger.) ... 99
Lbtfelkresse (Ger.) 185
LOG'FIA
Gal'lica, Coss. & Germ. ... 740 71
subula'ta, Cass 740 71
LOISELEUEIA
PROCUM'BENS, Desv.... 884 32
LO'LIUM
arven'se, With 1817 187
Boucliednum, Kunth 1815 186
eu-peren'ne, Syme 1814 185
festuca'ceum, Link 1792 183
Ital'icum, Braun 1815 186
[linic'ola, Sond.'] (ex- 188,'
eluded) 202
[multiflo'rurn, Lam.~\ (ex-
cluded) 202
PEREN'NE, L. ...1814 & 1815 1S5
var. tenue, Syme 185
robus'tum, Reich 1S17 187
TEMULEN'TUM, L. ... 1816
& 1817 1S7
Sm 1816 187
var. arvense, Syme ... 1817 187
tcn'ue, Linn 185
LOMA'EIA
[alpi'na, Spreng.'] (ex-
cluded) 148
borealAs, Link 1885 143
SPrCAUT.Desw 1885 143
London Pride, Andrews' 549 72
Common 547 71
Hairy 546 70
TLATE PAGE VOL.
VL1.
vii.
vii.
vii. vii.
x.
ix.
xn. xii. xii. iv.
iv. iv.
London Pride, Kidney-leaved.
513-545
Rocket 99
LONIC'ERA
[alpig'ena, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded)
CAPRIFO'LIUM, Linn. 641
pallida, Host 641
PERICLYM'ENOI,
Linn 642
XYLOS'TEUM, Linn. ... 643
Loosestrife, Ciliated 1143
Common
Punctate 1142
Purple 491
Tufted 1140
LOPHO'DIUM
Callip'teris, Newm 1853
colli 'num, Newm
Fi'Ux-mas, Newm 1850
Fcenise'cii, Newm 1858
fra! grans, Newm 1851
gland ulif'erum 1856
glandulo'sum, Newm 1856
multiflo'rurn, Newm 1857
no! num, Newm
recur'vum, Newm 1858
rig'idum, Newm 1851
spino'sum, Newm 1855
uligino'sum, Newm 1854
LOBOGLOS'SUN
hirci'num, Rich 144S
LoseVs Glanzkraut (Ger.)
Lotier cornicule (Fr.)
diffus (Fr.)
hispide (Fr.)
LOTUS
ANGUSTIS'SIMUS,
Linn 371 & 372
Koch 371
var. a, Benth 371
var. liis'pidus, Benth. 372
var. ma'jor, Hook. &
Arn
— — var. mi' nor, Hook. &
Arn
CORNICULA'TUS, Linn.
368 & 369
Koch 36S
vars. a and /3, Hook.
& Arn 368
vars. a, £, and y,
Bab 368
vars. b and c, Bentk. 368
var. crassifolius, Syme
var. ma'jor, Benth.... 370
var. tenuifo'lius, Hook.
&Arn 369
var. ten'uis, Benth.... 369
var. villosus, Syme
|
69 |
iv. |
|
146 |
l. |
|
210 |
iv. |
|
205 |
iv. |
|
206 |
iv. |
|
206 |
iv. |
|
208 |
iv. |
|
148 |
vii. |
|
145 |
vii. |
|
147 |
vii. |
|
3 |
iv. |
|
144 |
vii. |
|
70 |
xii. |
|
84 |
xii. |
|
57 |
xii. |
|
88 |
xii. |
|
65 |
xii. |
|
80 |
xii. |
|
80 |
xii. |
|
82 |
xii. |
|
84 |
xii. |
|
88 |
xii. |
|
65 |
xii. |
|
77 |
xii. |
|
73 |
xii. |
|
90 |
ix. |
|
134 |
ix. |
|
66 |
hi. |
|
69 |
iii. |
|
70 |
hi. |
|
6S |
iii |
|
69 |
iii |
|
69 |
iii |
|
69 |
iii |
372 69 iii.
371 69 iii.
65
65
65
65 65 65 67
67 67 65
INDEX.
279
|
65 |
in. |
|
67 |
in. |
|
69 |
in. |
|
65 |
iii. |
|
69 |
iii. |
|
69 |
iii. |
|
67 |
iii. |
|
68 |
iii. |
|
68 |
iii. |
|
67 |
iii. |
|
67 |
iii. |
|
67 |
iii. |
|
180 |
VI. |
|
179 |
vi. |
|
139 |
iv. |
PLATE PAGE VOL.
LOTUS
cornicula'tus, var. vulgaris,
Syme 368
decumbens, Forst 369
diifu'sus, Sm 371
eu-coruicula'tus, Syme 368
grac'ilis, Waldst. & Kit. ... 371
his'pidus, Deaf. 372
MA'JOR, Scop 370
var. hirsutus, Syme... 370
var. subglaber, Syme
tenuifo'lius, Reich 369
teu'uis, Kit 369
uligino'sus, Schkiihr 370
Lousewort, Procumbent 997
Upright 996
Lovage, Sea 603
Lihcenfuss (Ger.) 138
Loydie tardive (Fr.) 192
Lucerne, Common 334 22
Fries' 335 23
Yellow 336 21
Lucerne (Fr.) 22
en fancille (Fr.) 24
denticuUe (Fr.) 27
lupuline (Fr.) 25
naine (Fr.) 28
tacMe (Fr.) 28
LU'CIOLA
See Luzdla. LUDWIGTA
PALUS'TRIS, Elliot 510 27
Lungwort, Common 1098 93
Narrow-leaved 1097 92
Luzerne (.Ger.) 22
LU'ZULA
ARCUA'TA, Hook 1552 11
Bor'reri, Bromf. 5
CAMPES'TRIS, DC. 1551 8
var. 0, Hook. & Am. 1550 9
var. congesta, Syme 8
var. umbellata, Syme 8
conges'ta, Lej 1550 9,10
FORS'TERI, DC 1547 4
MAXIMA, DC. 1549 7
multiflo'ra, Koch 1550 9
Lej 10
var. congesta, Syme 10
var. nigricans, Koch 10
var. Sudetica, Syme 10
var. umbellata, Syme 10
[niv'ea, DC] (excluded) 39
PILO'SA, Willd 1548 5
var. Bor'reri, Syme 5
SPICA'TA, DC. 1553 12
Sudet'ica, DC 10
SYLVA'TICA, Bichen ... 1549 7
verna'lis, DC 154S 5
Luzule a larges feuilles (Fr.) 7
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Luzule de Forster (Fr.)..
des champs (Fr.)
en dpi (Fr.)
m. iii. iii.
iv. vii. vii. iii.
— poilue (Fr.).
Lychnide des Alpes (Fr.)
diotque (Fr.)
laciniCe (Fr.)
nielle (Fr.)
rouge (Fr.)
visqueuse (Fr.)
LYCHNIS
ALPI'NA, Linn 214
dio'ica, Linn 210
did tea, flore al'bo, Smith... 210
flore ru'bro, Smith... 211
Sibth 211
FLOS-CUCU'LI, Linn. ... 212
GITHA'GO, Lam 215
praten'sis, Spreng 210
Smooth 212
vesperti'na, Sib 210
VISC ARIA, Linn 213
LYCHNOTHAM'NUS
alopecuroi'des, H. & J.
Groves 1909
stel'liger, A. Braun 1910
Wallroth'ii, Wahlst 1909
Lyciet de Barbarie (Fr.)
LYCTUM
BAR'BARUM, Linn 933
Lycope d' Europe (Fr.)
LYCOPO'DIUM
ALPI'NUM, Linn 1834
[an'ceps, Wallr.] (excluded)
ANNOT'INUM, Linn. ... 1832
[cliamsecyparissus, A. Br.]
(excluded)
CLAVA'TUM, Linn 1833
[complana'tum, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded)
INUNDA'TUM, Linn. ... 1831
juniperifo'lium, DC 1832
SELA'GO, Linn 1830
var. recur' vum, Syme
var. vulga'tum, Syme 1830
selaginoi'des, Linn 1S29
LYCOFSIS
arven'sis, Linn HH
LY'COPUS
EUROP^E'US, Linn 1019
Lynie-grass, Sand 1819
Lys des Fyre'ne'es (Fr.)
- martagon (Fr.)
LYSLMACHIA
CILIA'TA, Linn 1143
NEM'ORUM, Linn H45
. NUMMULA'RIA, Linn. 1144
puncta'ta, Jacq HI2
PUNCTA'TA, Linn 1142
5 9
12
6
73
68 71
74 70
72
73 67 67 69 69 71 74 67 71 67 72
193 xii.
195 xii.
193 xii.
99 vi.
9S vi.
3 vii.
17 xii.
18 xii.
15 xii.
18 xii.
16 xii.
18 xii.
14 xii.
15 xii.
12 xii.
13 xii. 12 xii. 10 xii.
109 vii.
2 191 187
188
vii. xi. ix. ix.
147 vii. 149 vii.
148 vii. 146 vii. 146 vii.
280
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATB PAGE VOL.
LYSIMA'CHIA
puncta'ta.var.vcrtieilla'ta, Syme 146 vii.
[quadrifo'lia, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 156 vii.
THYKSIFLO'RA, Linn. 1140 143 vii.
verticilla'ta, Bieb 146 vii.
VULGA'RIS, Linn 1141 144 vii.
var. punrta'ta, Benth. 1142 146 vii.
I/ysimaque a bouquets (Fr.) 144 vii.
commune (Fr.) 145 vii.
fifes hois (Fr.) 150 vii.
numrmdaire (Fr.) 149 vii.
ponctue'e (Fr.) 147 vii.
LYTH'EUM
altemifo'lium, Lorey 3 iv.
HYSSOPIFO'LIA, Linn. 492 3 iv.
hyssopifo'lium, Sib 492 3 iv.
SALICA'RIA, Linn 491 2 iv.
Maceron (Fr.) 177 iv.
Marhe a fruit velu (Fr.) 244 iv.
commune (Fr.) 240 iv.
de Morison (Fr.) 243 iv.
en Nacelle (Fr.) 241 iv.
oriellette (Fr.) 242 iv.
Madder, Blue Field 663 232 iv.
Wild 645 212 iv.
Madwort, German 1120 120 vii.
Large-calyxed 139 197 i.
MAIAN'THEMUM
bifo'lium, DC 1510 175 ix.
Maiden Pink 192 47 ii.
Maidenhair 1887 146 xii.
Annual 1843 42 xii.
Spleen wort 1878 131 xii.
NALA'CHIUM
aquat'icum, Fries 227 91 ii.
MALAXTS
Losel'ii,Sw 1488 133 ix.
PALUDO'SA, Sio 1489 135 ix.
Malaxis des marais (Fr.) 135 ix.
MALCOL'MIA
[marit'ima. B. Broicn~] (ex-
cluded) 224 i.
Male-fern 1850 57 xii.
Peony, Eutire-leaved 50 69 i.
Shield-fern 1850 57 xii.
Mallow, Common 281 167 ii.
Dwarf 282 169 ii.
Erect 284 170 ii.
Hispid 277 163 ii.
leaved Bramble 194 iii.
Marsh 278 163 ii.
Musk 280 166 ii.
Small-flowered 2S3 170 ii.
Tree 279 165 ii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
MA'LUS
acer'ba, Merat 489 255 iii.
cmnmu'nis, Poir 490 256 iii.
MALTA
BOEEA'LIS, Wall 283 169 ii.
MOSCHA'TA, Linn 280 166 ii.
parviflo'ra, Huds 283 169 ii.
jmsil'la, Sm 283 169 ii.
ROTUNDIFO'LIA, Linn. 282 168 ii.
Fries 283 169 ii.
SYLVES'TRIS, £*'«». ... 281 167 ii.
VERTICILLA'TA,
Linn 284 170 ii.
rulga'ris, Fries 282 168 ii.
Ten 281 167 ii.
Man Orchis 1447 87 ix.
Mandelbliittrige Weide (Ger.) 216 viii.
Wolfsmilch (Ger.) ... 106 viii.
Mannliches Kndbenkraut (Ger.) 98 ix.
Maple, Common 321 233 ii.
Great 320 231 ii.
leaved Goosefoot 1193 18 viii.
Mare's-tail, Common 516 34 iv.
Marigold, Corn 713 40 v.
Marsh 41 52 i.
Marjoram, Common 1045 30 vii.
Marl Grass 347 39 iii.
Marram 1722 52 xi.
Mar rube commun (Fr.) 51 vii.
MAEEU'BIUM
VULGA'RE,ii7in 1064 51 vii.
Martagon Lily, Purple 1518 188 ix.
Yellow 1517 187 ix.
MABU'TA
Cot'ula,J)C 720 49 v.
Massette a feuilles etroites (Fr.) 4 ix.
largesfi uillcs (Fr.) 3 ix.
Massholder (Ger.) 233 ii.
Master-wort 611 151 iv.
Mat-grass 1814 19S xi.
Matricaire camomille (Fr.) 48 v.
MATRICARIA
Chamomil'la. Linn 719 48 v.
inodo'ra, Linn 717 46 v.
var. a, Bab 717 46 v.
var. marit'ima, Bab. 718 47 v.
marit'ima, Linn 718 48 v.
Parthen'ium, Linn 715 43 v.
MATTHI'OLA
INCA'NA, B. Brown 105 152 i.
SINUA'TA, B. Brown ... 104 152 i.
MattUole (Fr.) 151 i.
hlanchdtre (Fr.) 153 i.
sinue'e (Fr.) 152 i.
Matter Gunsefuss (Ger.) 17 viii.
Habichtskraut (Ger.) 192 v.
LatticJi (Ger.) 151 v.
Maure musgue'e (Fr.) 166 n.
r sauvage (Fr.) 167 "•
INDEX.
281
PLATE PAOE VOL.
Mause Gerste (Ger.) 195 xi.
Mauseschicanz (Ger.) 15 i.
Mauseschwanz-Schicingel (Ger.) 142 xi.
May ?479 237 iii.
?480 238 iii.
Flower 109 159 i.
Mni/mmen (Ger.) 84 i.
Mayweed, Scentless, var. a 717 47 v.
var. £ 718 47 v.
Stinking 720 50 v.
Meadow Rout 41 52 i.
Rue, Alpine 2 4 i.
Koch's 6 7 i.
Lesser, var. a 3 5 l.
Lesser, var. £ 4 5 i.
Stone 7 8 i.
Yellow 8 10 i.
Zigzag 5 6 i.
sweet 415 127 iii.
Meal-tree 640 204
Me'conopside de Galles (Fr.) 94 i.
MECONOP'SIS
CAM'BRICA, Vig 63 94 i.
MEDICA'GO
apicula'ta, Willd 26 iii.
DENTICULA'TA, Benth. 338 26 iii.
denticula'ta, Willd 338 26 iii.
var. apicula'ta, Syme 26 iii.
var. vulga'ris, Syme 338 26 iii.
eu-falca'ta, Syme 336 24 iii.
FALCATA, £/«».... 335 & 336 336 iii.
Fries 336 24 iii.
var. j3, Hook. & Arn. 335 23 iii.
var. versicolor, Wallr. 335 23 iii.
falca'to-sati'va, Gr. & Godr. 335 23 iii.
LUPULI'NA, Linn 337 24 iii.
MACULA'TA, Sibth 339 27 iii.
me'dia, Pers 22,23 iii.
MINIMA, Lam 340 28 iii.
[inurica'ta, Willd.'] (ex-
cluded) 112 iii.
orniihopodioi'des, Fries ... 345 34 iii.
polycar'pa, Willd 338 26 iii.
polymor'pha, Linn 339 27 iii.
SATrVA, Linn 334 21 iii.
sylves'tris, Fries 335 23 iii.
Medick, Black 337 25 iii.
Little Bur 340 28 iii.
Reticulated 338 27 iii.
Spotted 339 28 iii.
Medlar, Wild 478 235 iii.
Meer-Samhraut (Ger.) 55 ix.
Meerfeuche Strandsbazille (Ger.) 143 iv.
Meergriine Binse (Ger.) < 26 x,
Segge (Ger.) 118 x.
Trinie (Ger.) 108 iv.
Mcergruner Gansefuss (Ger.) 24 viii.
MeergrUnes Vogelkraut (Ger.) 98 ii.
Meerhohl (Ger.) 118 i.
Meerrettig (Ger.) ., 182 i.
PLATE PAGE
Meersenf (Ger.) 117
Meerst rands Beifuss (Ger.) 66
Binse (Ger.) 19
Dn izack (Ger.) 66
Gansefiisschen (Ger.) 4
Gerste (Ger.) 197
Mannertreu (Ger.) 95
Milchhraut (Ger.) 154
Platterhse (Ger.) 110
Bunkelrube (Ger.) 9
Ruppie (Ger.) 59
Sagine (Ger.) 118
Sch ildkra id (Ger.) 198
Simse (Ger.) 69
Wegerich (Ger.) 173
Winde (Ger.) 88
Meerzwiebel (Ger.) 200
Mehlbeere (Ger.) 214
Meisterwurz (Ger.) 151
Melampyre a cretes (Fr.) 184
, — des champs (Fr.) 184
des pre's (Fr.) 186
MELAMPY'EUM
ABVEN'SE, Linn 1001 184
CRIST A'TUM, Linn 1000 183
monta'num, Johnst 1004 185
PRATEN'SE, Linn. 1002-1004 184
var. latifo'lium, Syme 1002 185
var. monta'num, Syme 1004 185
var. vulga'ris, Syme... 1003 185
SYLVAT'ICUM, Linn. ... 1005 186
Melancholy, Thistle 691 16
MELAN'DRIUM
al'hum, Garcke 210 67
dioi'cum, Cost. & Germ. ... 210 67
diur'num, Fries 211 69
noctiflo'rum, Fries 209 66
praten'se, Rohling 210 67
rv'brum, Garcke 211 69
sylves'tre, Rohling 211 69
vesperti'num, Fries 210 67
Melic-grass, Nodding 1748 93
Purple 1747 91
Wood 1749 14
MELTCA
aeru'lea, Linn 1747 90
monta'na, Huds 1748 92
NUTANS, Linn 1748 92
UNIFLO'RA, Linn 1749 93
Meiilot a petites fleurs (Fr.) 33
blanc (Fr.) 31
de Fetit-pierre (Fr.) 32
officinal (Fr.) 30
Meiilot, Common 341 30
Field 343 32
Small-flowered 344 33
White 342 31
MELILO'TUS
AL'BA, Lam 342 31
x. ix.
viii.
xi.
iv. vii.
iii. viii.
ix.
ii, i. x.
vii.
282
ENGLISH BOTANY.
6Z
33
37 50
38 50
49
87
15 21 22
21
Y11.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
50 vii.
vii. ix.
vii.
vii. vii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
MELILO'TUS
ARYEN'SIS, WaUr 343 32 iii.
in'dica, All 344 33 iii.
leucan'tha, Koch 342 31 iii.
macrorrhi'za, Pera 341 29 iii.
OFFICII A'LIS, Will J.... 341 29 iii.
Lam 343 32 iii.
PAEYIFLO'RA, Beef. ... 344 33 iii.
Petitpierrea'na, Willd 32 iii.
vulga'ris, Wallr 342 31 iii.
Mdique penclte'e (Fr.) 93 xi.
uniflore (Fr.) 94 xi.
MELISSA
Ac'inos, Benth 1048
Kep'eta, Linn 1049
OFFICER A'LIS, Linn. ... 1053
Mc'lisse cles hois (Fr.)
officinale (Ft.)
MeUssenblattrige Biensauge (Ger.)
MELIT'TIS
grandiflo'ra, Sm 1063
MELISSOPHYL'LUM,
Linn 1062 & 1063
Menschenahnliches Ohnhorn (Ger.)
MENTHA
acutifo'lia, Sm 1031
agres'tis, Sole 1040
Allio'nii, Boreau
ALOPECUROI'DES,
BuU 1021
aquat'ica, vars. a & /8,
Benth., and var. a, Bab. 1030
var. 5, Benth 1026
vars. 8, e & £ Fries.
1031 & 1032
vars. Sole 1030
var. eris'pa, Benth.... 1028
var. glahru'ta, Benth. 1029
ARYEN'SIS, Linn.... 1038-1040
vars. a & fS, Hook. &
Am 1038-1040
var. e, Benth 1038
var. C, Benth 1037
var. 7, Hook. & Am. 1037
var. agres'tis, Syme 1040
var. Allio'nii, Syme
var. nummula'ria,
Syme 1039
var. parietariifo'lia,
Syme
var. prse'cox, Syme
var. ru'bra, Benth. ... 1033
var. saliva, Benth.
1031 & 1032
Cardi'aca, Baker... 1034 & 1035
var. 1, Baker 1035
var. 2, Baker 1034
CITEA'TA, Lluh 1029
CRISTA, Linn 102S
|
13 |
vii. |
|
11 |
vii. |
|
15 |
vii |
|
13 |
vii |
|
12 |
vii |
|
12 |
vii |
|
21 |
vii |
|
21 |
vii |
|
21 |
vii |
|
19 |
vii |
|
19 |
vii |
|
21 |
vii |
|
22 |
vii |
|
22 |
vii |
|
22 |
vii |
|
16 |
vii |
|
15 |
vii |
|
17 |
vii |
|
IS |
vii |
|
17 |
vii |
|
12 |
vii |
|
12 |
vii |
|
PLATE |
PAGE |
VOL. |
|
MENTHA |
||
|
5 |
vii. |
|
|
20 |
vii. |
|
|
GEN'TILIS, Linn 1037 |
19 |
vii. |
|
Sole 1035 |
18 |
vii. |
|
vars. 1, 2, and 3, Baker 1037 |
19 |
vii. |
|
var. 4, Baker 1036 |
18 |
vii. |
|
var. Paulia'na, Syme 1037 |
20 |
vii. |
|
var. Wirtgenia'na, |
||
|
20 |
vii. |
|
|
GRACILIS, Sm. ...1034 & 1035 |
17 |
vii. |
|
Sole 1034 |
17 |
vii. |
|
var. a, Sm 1034 |
17 |
vii. |
|
var. j8, Sm 1036 |
18 |
vii. |
|
18 |
vii. |
|
|
var. Cardi'aca, Syme 1035 |
18 |
vii. |
|
hirci'na, Hull 1027 |
11 |
vii. |
|
— - HIRSUTA, Linn 1030 |
13 |
vii. |
|
vars. Sm 1031 & 1032 |
15 |
vii. |
|
vars. o & £, Sm 1030 |
13 |
vii. |
|
var. 5, Sm 1026 |
11 |
vii. |
|
14 |
vii. |
|
|
e |
vii. |
|
|
6 |
vii. |
|
|
nepetoi'des, Lej. ... 1026 & 1027 |
10 |
vii. |
|
21 |
vii. |
|
|
14 |
vii. |
|
|
Sole 1029 |
12 |
vii. |
|
officinalis, Hull 1024 |
9 |
vii. |
|
15 |
vii. |
|
|
11 22 |
Vll. |
|
|
vii. |
||
|
20 |
vii. |
|
|
PIPERITA, Huds. 1024 & 1025 |
9 |
vii. |
|
Hull 1025 |
9 |
vii. |
|
var. 7, Sm 1027 |
11 |
vii. |
|
var. eris'pa, Koch ... 1028 |
12 |
vii. |
|
var. officinalis, Sole 1024 |
9 |
vii. |
|
var. sylveslris, Sole... 1027 |
11 |
vii. |
|
var. vulga'ris, Sole... 1025 |
9 |
vii. |
|
praten'sis, Benth. ...1034 & 1035 |
17 |
vii. |
|
PRATEN'SIS, Sole 1036 |
18 |
vii. |
|
22 |
vii. |
|
|
PULE'GIUM, Linn. |
||
|
1041 & 1042 |
23 |
vii. |
|
var. deeum'bens, -St/me 1041 |
23 |
vii. |
|
var. erec'ta, Syme ... 1042 |
24 |
vii. |
|
PUBES'CENS, Willd. |
||
|
1026 & 1027 |
10 |
vii. |
|
var. hirci'na, Syme ... 1027 |
11 |
vii. |
|
15 |
vii. |
|
|
ROTUNDIFO'LIA, Linn. 1020 |
4 |
vii. |
|
Sole 1021 |
5 |
vii. |
|
var. veluti'na, Bab.... 1021 |
5 |
vii. |
|
18 |
vii. |
|
|
RU'BRA, Sm 1033 |
16 |
vii. |
|
Sole 1037 |
19 |
vii. |
|
16 |
vii. |
|
|
SATI'VA, Linn. ... 1031 & 1032 |
15 |
vu. |
|
19 |
Vll. |
INDEX.
283
TLATE PAGE VOL.
MENTHA
sati'ra, var. glabra. Koch 1033 16
var. paludo'sa, Syme 1032 15
, . var. rubra, Bab 1033 16
var. subgla'bra, Baker 15
subspiea'ta, Weihe 1032 15
SYLVESTRIS, Linn. ...1022 6
Sole 1020 4
var. a. Sm 1022 6
var. 0, Sm 6
var. 5, Sm 1021 5
var. alopecwofdes,
Baker 1021 5
var. gla'bra, Koch ... 1023 7
var. mollis'sima,
Benth 6
var. nerooro'sa. Benth 6
var. veluti'ita, Bab.... 1021 5
villo'sa, pri'ma,So\e 1022 6
secun'da, Sole 6
YIR'IDIS, Linn 1023 7
Wirtgen ia'na, Scbultz 20
Menthe a /entiles rondes (Fr.) 4
cultive'e (Ft.) 8,16 vii.
des champs (Fr.) 23 vii.
desjardins (Fr.) 20
poirre't (Fr.) 10
pouliot (Fr.) 21
pubescente (Fr.) 11
rouge (Ft.) 17
saurage (Ft.) 7
Mt nyanthe Trifle d'eau (Fr.) 79
MENYAN'THES
NympnmoCdes, Linn 921 80
TRIFOLIA'TA, Linn. ... 920 79
36 nziese Dabe'oce (Fr.) 31
MENZIESTA
C-ERU'LEA, Sm S86 31
POLIFOIilA, Juss S85 33
St. Dabeoc's 8S5 34
Yew-leaved 886 35
Mercuriale annuelle (Fr.) 117
vivace (Fr.) 115
VII.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
vii. vii.
vii. vii. vii.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
vn. vii. vii. vii.
vii. vii. vi.
vi. vi. vi.
MERCUEIA'LIS
ambig'ua, Linn, fil 1270 116
AX'XUA. Linn. ...1269 & 1270 115
an'nua, Linn, fil 1269 116
var. ambig'ua, Syme 1270 116
ova'ta, Hoppe & Sternb 114
PEREX'XIS, Z/nn 126S 114
Reich 126S 114
var. ova'ta, Syme 114
Mercury, Annual Dog's, var. o 1269 117 var. £ 1270
TLATE PAGB VOL.
MESTLLUS
Gotonea&'ter, Linn 477
GERMAX'ICA. Linn. ... 478
monog'yna, Willd 480
Oxyacariiha, Willd 479
METM
ATHAMAX'TTCUM, Jacq. 605
Fieaic'idum, Spreng 601
Meum Athamaute (Fr.)
Mezereon 1246
MIBO'BA
mi n' i ma, Desv 1689
ww'na.P.deB 1689
MICRO CAL LA
flli/or'mis, Liuk 912
Mignonnette 162
Upright 163
_ Yellow 162
Milder Kuotericli (Ger.) 74
Milfoil, Alternate-flowered Water-
515
Spiked Water- 514
Whorled Water- 513
Military Orchis 1452
MILIUM
EFFU'SUM, Linn 1728
lendig'erum, Linn 1711
Milk Thistle 681
Yetch, Alpine 375
Purple 376
Sweet 377
Milkwort, Chalk 188
— Common 186
■ — Lesser, Common 187
SmaU Bitter 189
MiUepertuis a feuiOes lineaires
(Fr.)
a quatre ailes (Fr.)
Perennial 1268
117 115
MEBTEN'SIA
MARIT'IMA, Don 1099 93
[virgin'ica, Don] (excluded) 121
vm.
viii.
viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii.
vii. vii.
— beau (Fr.)
|
233 |
in. |
|
235 |
iii |
|
237 |
iii. |
|
236 |
iii. |
|
141 |
iv. |
|
133 |
iv. |
|
111 |
iv. |
|
85 viii. |
|
|
7 |
xi. |
|
7 |
xi. |
|
71 |
vi. |
|
3 |
ii. |
|
4 |
ii. |
|
3 |
ii. |
|
74 |
viii. |
|
33 |
iv. |
|
32 |
iv. |
|
32 |
iv. |
|
95 |
ix. |
|
60 |
xi. |
|
37 |
xi. |
|
5 |
v. |
|
74 |
iii. |
|
75 |
iii. |
|
76 |
iii. |
|
40 |
ii. |
|
37 |
ii. |
|
38 |
ii. |
|
41 |
ii. |
|
156 |
ii. |
|
153 |
ii. |
|
157 |
ii. |
|
155 |
ii. |
|
159 |
ii. |
|
160 |
ii. |
|
152 |
ii |
|
149 |
ii |
|
146 |
ii |
couche' (Ft.) 155
de montagne (Fr.)...
des mantis (Fr.) ...
doutt ux (Ft.)
■ per/ore (Fr.)
sousligneux (Ft.) ...
velu(FT.) 158
Milkt etale (Ft.) 61
Millet-grass, Wood 1728 61
MLM'ULUS
[gutta'tus, DC] (excluded) 188
LUTETJS, Linn 967
Mint, Bergamot 1°29
Blunt-spiked 1026 & 1027
Broad-leaved Horse 1021
Cardiac 1°35
Common Horse 1022
Corn 1038-1040
Curled 1028
Hairy Water 1°30
145
13 11
6 18
7 21 12 14
vi. vii. vii. vii.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
284
EXGLIS1T BOTANY.
PLATE
Mint, Marsh Whorled ... 1031 & 1032
Meadow 1036
Round-leaved 1020
Slender 1034
Spear 1023
TallEed 1033
MINUAB'TIA
fagtigia'ta, Reich 243 (bis)
Mistletoe, Common 635 (bis)
Mittlere Schuppenmiere (Ger.)
Tauhue ssel (Ger.)
Miftlerer Klee (Ger.)
Sonnenthau (Ger.)
Wasserhelm (Ger.)
Wegerich (Ger.)
Mittleres NeZkenvmrz (Ger.)
Yergissmeinnieht (Ger.)
Wintergrun (Ger.)
|
PAGE |
VOL. |
|
16 |
vii. |
|
19 |
vii. |
|
4 |
vii. |
|
17 |
vii. |
|
8 |
vii. |
|
17 |
vii. |
|
114 |
ii. |
|
190 |
iv. |
|
132 |
ii. |
|
71 |
vii |
|
41 |
iii. |
|
33 |
ii |
|
129 |
vii |
|
170 |
vii |
|
199 |
iii |
|
106 |
vii |
|
49 |
vi |
|
101 |
ii |
|
101 |
ii |
|
101 |
ii |
|
77 |
ii |
|
77 |
ii |
|
77 |
ii |
|
77 |
ii |
MCEERIN'GIA
pentan'dra. Gay
triner'via, Reich 234
triner'vis, Clair 234
MCEN'CHIA
erec'ta, Smith 217
glau'ca, Pers 217
quaternel'la, Ehrh 217
Moenchia, Upright 217
Mo nchie droite (Fr.) 77 ii.
JJfoA»(Ger.) 81-93 i.
Molene Blattaire (Fr.) 117 vi.
bouillon hlanc (Fr.) Ill vi.
lychnite (Ft.) 114 vi.
noire (Fr.) 115 vi.
pulve'rulente (Fr.) 113 vi.
MOLLN'IA
alMs,sima,Umk 90 si.
arundina'cea,Schrank 90 xi.
cseru'lea, Host 1747 90 si.
CERU'LEA, Monch 1747 90 xi.
var. ma'j or, Both 90 si.
depa upera't a, Lindl 90 si.
littora'lis, Host 90 xi.
Molinie bleue (Fr.) 91 xi.
MONE'SES
• grandiflo'ra, Salish 900 51 vi.
Moneywort 1144 149 vii.
Cornish 969 148 vi.
Monkey-flower, Yellow 967 146 vi.
Orchis 1453 96 ix.
Monkshood 48 65 i.
Monk's Rhubarb 1221 53 viii.
HONOT'KOPA
Eypopheg'ea, Wallr 901 53 vi.
HYPOP'ITYS, Linn 901 53 vi.
Wallr 53 vi.
var. gla'bra, Both 901 53 vi.
var. liirsu'ta, Both 53 vi.
Munotrope sucepin (Fr.) 54 vi.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
MON'TIA
FONT A'NA, Lirm 259 136 ii.
var. mi'nor, Syme ... 259 136 ii.
var. rivula'ris, Syme 136 ii.
mi'nor, Gmel 259 136 ii.
rivula'ris, Gmel 136 ii
Montie desfontaines (Fr.) 137 ii.
Moon-wort 1837 24 sii.
Moor-grass, Blue 1710 36 si.
Moork&nig (Ger.) 179 vi.
Moosartige Tillae (Fr.) 47 iv.
Moosbeere (Ger.) 21 vi.
Morast Labkraut (Ger.) 223 iv.
Morelle douce-amere (Fr.) 96 vi.
noire (Ger.) 98 vi.
Morene aquatique (Fr.) 79 is.
Moren/ormige Haftdolde (Ger.) 161 iv.
MOBGAGN'IA
bi'color, Bab 1541 220 ix.
MoschateL Tuberous 636 198 iv.
Moschus Kdsepappel (Ger.) 166 ii.
Moss Campion 205 63 ii.
Golden 532 55 iv.
Saxifrage, Irish 558-562 81-83 iv.
Mossy Cyphel 240 109 ii.
Moth' Mullein 942 117 vi.
Mother-of-Thousands 955 134 vi.
Motherwort 1080 68 vii.
Mountain Ash 486 248 iii.
Bastard 485 247 iii.
Sorrel, Kidney-shaped 1225 58 viii.
Mouron deiicat (Fr.) 153 vii.
des champs (Fr.) 151 vii.
Mouse-ear Chick weed, Broad- leaved 221 83 ii.
Curtis's 219 80 ii.
Dark
Green 218 79 ii.
Little... 220 SI ii.
Xarrow-
leaved 222 84 ii.
Hawkweed 822 166 v.
Mouse-tail, Common 14 15 i.
Fescue-grass 1781 142 xi.
Little 14 15 i.
Moutarde blanchdtre (Fr.) 129 i.
blanche (Fr.) 125 i.
des Allemands (Fr.) 1S3 i.
des champs (Fr.) 124 i.
noire (Fr.) 127 i.
Mud-rush 1574 37 x.
sedge, Broad-leaved 1648 119 x.
Loose-flowered 1649 122 x.
Narrow-leaved 1647 120 x.
Mudwort 96S 147 vi.
Muflier a grandes fleurs (Fr.) 131 vi.
nibiamd (Fr.) 132 vi.
Mugnet de Mai (Fr.) 181 ix.
de serpent (Fr.) 180 ix.
INDEX.
285
PLATE TAGE VOL.
Muqiitt ^ccau de Salomon (Ft.) ITS ix.
— re rticelle (Ft.) 177 is.
Mujwort 647 214 iv.
" 732 63 v.
MULGETHOM
ALPl'NUM. Lest S09
Mullein, Dark 910
Great 937
Hoary 938
Hybrid 943-946 J
Moth 942
White 939
BCUS'CABI
negiec'tum, Bab 1529
EACEMO'SOI, DC 1529
a grappe (Fr.)
Musk Mallow 2S0
Orchis 1406
StorkVbill
Thistle 6S3
tfeflcr Salbei (Gei.)
Mustard. Black So
Broad-leaved Hedge... 99
Cabbage 101
Corn
83
9S 100
96 101
96
— Fine-leaved Hedge
— Garlic Hedge
— Hairy Tower
— Hare's Ear
— Hedge ,
— Hoary S6
— Mithridate 144
— Narrow-leaved 93
-Sand or Wall 94
— Treacle 102
— White S4
— Wild 83
|
151 |
v. |
|
115 |
vi. |
|
111 |
vi. |
|
113 |
vi. |
|
17-1 119/ |
vi. |
|
117 |
vi. |
|
114 |
vi. |
|
201 |
is. |
|
201 |
ix. |
|
203 |
ix. |
|
166 |
ii. |
|
110 |
ix. |
|
20S |
ii. |
|
7 |
v. |
|
43 |
vii. |
|
127 |
|
|
146 |
|
|
149 |
|
|
142 |
|
|
145 |
|
|
147 |
|
|
166 |
|
|
149 |
|
|
144 |
|
|
129 |
|
|
202 |
|
|
140 |
|
|
141 |
|
|
149 |
|
|
125 |
|
|
124 |
Mutterhravt (Ger.) 13
UTCELIS
mura'Zis, Reich SOS 150
3IYOG'ALl\M
nuferas, Link 1523 194
AIYOSOTIS
ALPESTEIS. Schmidt ... 1106 102
var. rupie'ola, Fries 1106 102
ABYEN'SIS, Baffin 1108 105
Sm 1109 106
var. dumtto'rum, Crep 105
Tar. umbro'sa. Bab 105
C-ESPITO'SA. Schultz ... 1103 98
COLLI'NA. Beieh 1109 106
his'pida, Schlecht 1109 106
'. Link 1108 105
Ungula'ta, Lehm 1103 98
. Fl. Tarn , 105
PAIjUS'TBIS, With 1104 99
var. strigolo'sa, Syme 99
RE'PENS.'lXx ..... 1105 101
VOL. XII.
vii.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. 9
Yll.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. i.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
MYOSOTIS
rupie'ola, Sm 1106 102
striqulo'M. Keich 99
mafveolens, Waldst. ft Kit. 1106 102
SYLVAT'ICA. Ehrh 1107 103
var. alpetftris, Koch 1106 102
VERSICOLOR, EeiA. ... 1110 107
JLyosot is changeant (Fr.) 108
— des Alpns Ft.) 103
des champs (Fr.) 106
des collines (Fr.) 107
des writs (Ft.) 104
marais (Ft.) 100
gazonnautt (Fr.) 98
Myosure (Fr.) 15
ALYOSU'KUS
MINIMUS, Linm 11 15 L
1TYEICA
GATE. Linn 1298 189 viii.
gait (Ft.) 190 viii.
Myrikarie (Ger.) 139 ii.
AlYPJOPHYLXOI
ALTERNTFLOTa'M.r'C. 515 32
peetina'tum, DC 513 31
SPICATBM, Linn 514 32
YERTICILLATUM,Ljhh.513 31
DC 513 31
var. peetina'tum.
81
M rrJ h (Fr.) 170
MYE'EHIS
ODORATA. Scop 626 170
Lmuhn'ta, Sm 625 169
Myrtle, Bog 1298 190
Naddfdrmiges Bied (Ger.) 51,59
XA'IAS
FLEX'ILIS. Bostk 1432 63
Naias, Flexible 1432 63
Nail wort 13* MB
Narcist ' - let (Fr.) 162
faux-Narcisse (Ft.) 159
nonpareil (Fr.) 161
NAECIS'SUS
BIFLCBUS, Curt 1503 161
[conspic'uns, Don] (excluded)... 16S
INCOMPARA'BILIS,
jfflj 1502 160
[ma'jor. Our*.] (excluded) 168
[mi'nor. Linn.] (excluded" 168
[moscha'tua, Linn.] (excluded) 169
POET'ICTS. Linn 1504 162
PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,
Linn 1501 157
var. Bromrield ii,
I05,
var. con color y Bromf 158
P
iv.
iv.
viii.
IX
i.
ix.
uc.
ix.
ix. ix. ix
286
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Narcissus, Poet's 1504 162 ix.
Two-flowered 1503 162 ix.
Nard roide (Pr.) 198 x.
NAEDOS'MIA
fra' grans, Reich 7S1 117 v.
NAK'DUS
STEIC'TA, L 1824 197 xi.
Narrenkappe (Ger.) 61 i.
Narthe'cie des marais (Fr.) 222 ix.
NAKTHE'CIUIE
OSSIF'RAGOI, Buds.... 1542 222 ix.
NASTURTIUM
AMPHIB'IUM, R. Brown 128 181
an'ceps, DC ISO
Marsh 127 181
niicrophyl'lum, Boenngh 177
OFFICINA'LE, R. Brown 125 176
Reich 125 176
var. siifo'liurrj, Syme 177
PALUSTRE, DC. 127 180
rivuia're, Reich 180
siifo'lium, Pieich 177
SYLVES'TRE, R. Brown 126 179
terres'tre, R. Brown 127 180
Wild 126 180
Natterkopf (Ger.) 90
Natterkopfdtiiges Wurmkraut (Ger.) 138
NAUMBUE'GIA
gvita'ta, Monch 1140 143
thyrsi'flora, Duby 1140 143
Navel-wort, Common 539 63
Kavette (Fr.) 135
d'ete (Fr.) 125
Navette, Wild 89 135
Navew 88 134
Wild 89 135
Nayade marina (Fr.) 63
Nebenblatt Weide (Ger.) 226
NebenbVdttrige Platterbse (Ger.) 102
Needle Furze 326 8
Niftier commun (Fr.) 235 m.
Ni Ih nblattriger Hafer (Ger.) 71 xi.
Ndkenduftende Sommerwurz (Ger.) ... 196 vi.
N&iupharblanc(Fi.') 77 i.
NEOTIN'EA
1ST ACT A, Reich, fil ... 14G5 10S ix.
NEOT'TIA
iBgtiva'li8,'DC 1473 116 ix.
eorda'ta, Rich 1476 120 ix.
NI'DUS-A'YIS. Bieh 147S 122 ix.
ova'ta, Bluff. & Fing 1477 120 ix.
spira'lis, Sw 1472 115 ix.
Ntiotti (Fr.) 120 ix.
nid cVoiseau (Fr.) 122 ix.
ovale(Fi.) 121 ix.
N EP'ETA
CATA'RIA, Linn L054 38 vii.
GLECHOTliA, Benth 1055 40 vii.
vu.
V.
vu.
vii.
l.
ix.
viii.
iii.
iii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
NEP'ETA
glecho'ma, var. hirsu'ta,
Benth 40
var. parviflo'ra, iJenrt 40
NEPHBO'DIUM
ss'mulum, Baker 185S 87
crista'tum, Mich 1853 70
var. id igino' sum, Hook. 1S54 73
dilata'tum, Desv 1857 82
var. glandulo' sum,
Hook. f. 1856 80
Fi'lix-mas, Richard 1S50 57
var. abbrevia'twn,
Hook 61
var. ajji'ne, Hook 59
var. Bor'reri, Hook. f. 59
Faznise'cii, Lowe 1858 88
moata'num, Baker 1849 54
Oreop'teris, Desv 1S49 54
remo'tum, Hook 1852 67
rig'idum, Desv 1S51 65
spintdo'sttm, "Desv." 1855 76
o, Hook. & Bak 1S55 76
var. dilata'tum, Hook.
&Bak 1857 82
var. remo'tum, Hook. 1852 67
Thelyp'teris, Desv 1S48 52
Nerprum bourdaine (Fr.) 229
purgatif (Fr.) 227
X: .itdblattrige Glockenblume (Ger.) ... 9
Nettle, Common 1279 128
Common Hemp .. .1078 & 1079 65
Cut-leaved Dead 10S3 72
Down}- Hemp 1077 65
HenbitDead 10S1 70
Intermediate Dead 10S2 71
— Intermediate Hemp 1074 64
Large-flowered Hemp ... 1077 65
leaved Bell-flower 867 9
Goosefoot 1192 17
Narrow-leaved Hemp ... 1074 63
Red Dead 1084 73
Roman 1280 & 1281 130
Small 1282 131
Spotted Dead 1085 74
White Dead 1086 75
vu. vii.
xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii.
xii.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii. xii.
ii.
ii.
vi. viii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
vi. viii. vii. vii. viii. viii. vii. vii.
NICAN'DEA
[physaloi'des, Gcirtn.'] (excluded) 108
Nickende Distel (Ger.) 7
Vogehnilch (Ger.) 195
Nicki udi. r Ta tibi nkropf (Ger.) 6o
Wasser-dost (Ger.) 94
Nickendes Perlgras (Ger.) 93
Niederliegende sagint (Fr.) 121
Niederliegender A7" (Ger.) 61
Schtoingd (Ger.) 108
NiederUegendes Harthen (Ger.) 155
Niedrige Segge (Ger.) 125
Nil driger Kranichschnabel (Ger.) 199
INDEX.
287
PLATE PAGE
Niedrigcs Ruhrkraut (Ger.) 76
Nightshade, Alpine Enchanter's 512 30
Common Enchanter's 511 29
Black 931 98
Deadly 930-931 {Jjj}
Garden 931 98
Woody 930 96
Nipple-wort, Common 787 126
Niv(foled'<?te (Fr.\ 165
du printemps (Fr.) 166
Nit-grass, Awned 1711 38
Nitella, Clustered 1905 & 1906 186
Dwarf. 1904 184
Flaccid 1899 174
Many-fruited 1907 & 1908 1S7
Mucronate 1902 182
■ Slender 1903 183
Translucent 1901 180
Twin-fruited 1900 176
NITEL'LA
atrovi'rens, Wallm 1890 178
Bertolo'nii, Kiitz 1910 195
Bor'reri, Wallm 190S 189
Braun' ii, Rabenh 1911 197
■ Brongniartia'na, Coss. &
Germ 1899 175
capita'ta, Agardh 1900 177
. Kiitzing 1900 177
ex'Uis, A. Braun 1902 182
fascicula'ta, A. Braun 1907 188
var. robus'tior, A.
Braun 1908 1S9
flabella'ta, Kiitz 1902 182
FLEXTLIS, Agardh 1899 174
var. glomeruli f era,
Kiitz 1905 186
furcula'ta, Nordst 1S99 175
GLOMERA'TA, Chevallier
1905 & 1906 185
Coss. & Germ 1907 188
var. Smith'ii, Syme... 1906 186
glomerulifera, Wallm 1905 186
■ GRACILIS, Agardh 1903 183
hyali'na, Agardh 1 904 1 84
INTRICA'TA, Agardh.
1907 & 1908 187 var. prolif'era, Syme 1908 189
hngifur'ca, Wallm 1902 1S2
MUCRONA'TA, Cosson &
Germain 1902 1S2
var. homomor'pha, A.
Braun 1S3
[NIDIF'ICA, Agardh'] (ex-
cluded) 190
Norve'gica, Wallm 1902 182
opa'M, Agardh 1890 178
A. Braun 1890 178
Kiitzing 1890 178
pedi.ncufo'ta, Agardh 1890 178
VOL. V.
IV.
vi.
IX.
ix. xi. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xn. xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii.
xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii. xii.
PAGE VOL.
188 xii.
189 xii. 186 xii. 195 xii.
191 xii.
176 xii. 177,\
xn. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
PLATE
NITEL'LA
polysper'ma, Kiitz 1907
prolif'era, Kiitz 1908
Smith'ii,V»Tallm 1906
stellig'era, Kiitz 1910
[Stenhammaria'na Wallm.]
(excluded)
SYNCAR'PA, Chevallier
vars. A. Braun &
Kiitz 1900 178/
var. capita'ta, Coss.
&Germ 177
var. capita'ta, Kiitz 177
var. opa'ca, Kiitz. ... 1900 178
TENUIS'SIMA, Kiitzing. 1904 184
TRANSLU'CENMgrard/i.
1901 180
ulvoi'des, Kixtz 1910 195
NIVA'BIA
ver'na, Monch 1506 165
Nonsuch 337 25
Nordische Linncie (Ger.) 210
Nordisches Habichtskraut (Ger.) 205
Labkraut (Ger.) 213
Norwegisches Ruhrkraut (Ger.) 75
NOTOLETIUM
Ce'terach, Newrn 1883
Nottingham Catchfly 207
NUP'HAE
intermedium, Ledebour ... 55
LU'TEA, Sm 54
lu'tea, var., Benth 56
var. rna'jor, Syme ... 54
var. mi'iior, Syme ... 55
min'ima, Sm 56
PU'MILA, Sm 56
Nuphar jaune (Fr.)
NYMPHiE'A
AL'BA, Linn 53
var. rna'jor, Syme ... 53
var. mi'nor, Syme
xn.
xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii.
in. iv.
IV.
v.
139 xii. 65 ii.
78 78 80 78 78 80 80 79
76 76 76
Oak, Common 1288
fern 1845
leaved Goosefoot 1198
Sessile-fruited 1289
Oat, Black 1740
Wild 1741
Oat-grass, Downy 1737
False 1742
Glabrous 173S & 1739
Yellow 1736
OBI'ONE
peduncula'ta, Moq.-Tand. 1209
portulacoi'des, Moq.-Tand. 120S
ODONTI'TES
rotunda'ta, Ball 174
|
146 |
viii. |
|
46 |
xii. |
|
24 |
viii |
|
157 |
viii |
|
78 |
xi. |
|
80 |
xi |
|
78 |
xi |
|
83 |
xi |
|
76 |
xi |
|
74 |
xi |
|
37 |
viii |
|
36 |
viii |
288
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE
ODONTITES
ru'bra, Gr. & Godr 993 174
Pers 993 174
gero'tina, Reich 174
ver'na, Reich 993 174
var. el'egans, Ball 174
(.E'h r's Segge (Ger.) 158
CEillet hhudtre (Fr.) 48
deltolde (Fr.) 47
giroflee (Fr.) 49
mignardise (Fr.) 51
prolifere (Fr.) 52
velu (Fr.) 46
Oelmagen (Ger.) 84
CENAN'THE
apiifo'lia, Brot ? 597 129
CROCATA, Sm 597 128
FISTULO'SA, Linn 593 124
FLUVIAT'ILIS, Colem.... 599 131
LACHEXAL'II, Gmel. ... 596 127
me'dia, Auct 127
peucedanifo'lia, Sni 595 126
PHELLAN'DBIUM,iam. 598 130
PIMPLXELLOrDES,Z?nn.594 125
, Sm 596 127
SILAIFO'LIA, Bieb. ? ... 595 126
Smith' ii, H. C. Wats 595 126
(Enanthe a feuilles de Silaus (Fr.) ... 127
« ue jaune (Fr.) 129
de Lachenal (Fr.) 128
faux boucage (Fr.) 126
flstuleuse (Ft.) 125
phillandre (Fr.) 131
CENOTHEEA
BIEX'XIS, JK»7i 508 24
ODORA'TA. Jacq 509 25
Ohrldfel Taubenhropf (Ger.) 64
Old Man's Beard 1 3
Onagre bisannuelle (Fr.) 24
ONOBBY'CHIS
SATrVA, Lam 381 81
ONOC'LEA
[sensibilis, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 14S
ONONIS
ARVEN'SIS, Fries 331 16
Linn 331 16
■ Sm. E. B 330 15
var. a, Hook. & Arn. 331 16
■ var. 0, Hook. & Arn. 330 15
CAMPESTBIS, Koch ... 330 15
procur'rens, WaUr 331 16
reclina'ta, Linn 332 18
re'pens, Koch 331 16
spino'sa, Linn 330 15
Onoperde acanthe (Fr.) 3
ONOPOB'DUM
ACAN'THIDM, Linn. ... 6S0 2
IV.
iv.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
OPHIGLOS'SUM
Azor'icum, Presl 1S35 20 xii.
LUSITAX'ICUM, Linn. 1836 22 xii.
polyphyl'lum, A. Br 1835 20 xii.
VULGA'TUM, Linn 1835 19 xii.
var. ambig'uum, Coss.
&Germ 1S35 20 xii.
var. micros' ticluim,
" Acharius," T. Moore 1835 20 xii. var. polyphyVlum,
A.Br 1835 20 xii.
OPEIU'BUS
filifor'mis, B. & S 1818 1S9 xi.
incuroa'tus, Lindl 1818 189 xi.
OPHEYS
anthropoph'ora, Linn 1447 S7 ix.
APIF'EBA, Linn 1467 111 ix.
ARACHNITES, -Befeftard 1468 111 ix.
ARAXIF'EEA, Huds. ...
1469 & 1470 112 ix.
Sm 1469 112 ix.
var. fucif'era, Syme... 1470 113 ix.
Corallorrhi'za, Linn 1487 132 ix.
corda'ta, Linn 1476 120 ix.
fucifera,Sm 1470 113 ix.
fuciflo'ra, Beich 1468 111 ix.
Losel'ii, Linn 1488 133 ix.
Monor'chis, Linn 1486 109 ix.
MUSCIF'ERA, Huds. ...1471 114 ix.
Myo'des, Jacq 1471 114 ix.
Ni'dus-a'vis, Linn 1478 122 ix.
ova'ta, Linn 1477 120 ix.
paludo'sa-lArm 14S9 135 ix.
spiralis, Linn 1472 115 ix.
Ophrys a un tubercle (Fr.) 110 ix.
abeille (Fr.) HI ix.
araignee (Ft.) 113 ix.
frtlon (Fr.) 112 ix.
homme pendu (Fr.) 87 ix.
mouche (Fr.) 115 ix.
Opium Poppy 57 S4 i.
OPLISME'NUS
Cms- gal'li, Kunth 1692 12 xi.
OPORIN'IA
autumna'lis, Don ... 794 & 795 134 v.
Orache, Babington's 1206 33 viii.
Frosted Sea 1207 35 viii.
Grass-leaved Sea, var. o 1200 27 viii.
■ var.jB 1201 28 viii.
Narrow-leaved, var. a... 1202 30 viii.
var. $... 1203 30 viii.
Smith's 1205 33 viii.
Stalked-fruited Sea 1209 38 viii.
—-Triangular-leaved 1204 31 viii.
Orehidetache (Fr.) 102 ix.
OE'CHIS
al'bida, Scop 146 103 ix.
angustifo'lia, Reich 100 ix.
UfdUa, Gien. & Godr. ...1461 106 ix.
INDEX.
289
PLATE PAGE V
OE'CHIS
hi folia, Linn 1463 & 1464 105
! Sm 1463 107
eonop'sea, Linn 1460 102
• densiflo'ra, Walil 103
futfca, Jaoq 1451 93
. qaJta'ta, Ijnm 1452 94
HIRCI'NA, Scop 1448 90
incama'ta, Linn 1457 100
intac'ta. Link 1465 108
latifo'lia, Benth. ... 1457 & 1458 99
Linn 1458 100
Sm 1457 100
LAXIFLO'RA, Lam. ... 1456 98
MACULA'TA, Linn. ...1459 101
maia'lis, Beiob 1458 100
MAS'CULA, Linn 1455 97
. MILITA'RIS, Jacq 1452 94
var. 0, Linn 1451 93
, var. €, Linn 1453 95
monta'na, Schmidt 1463 107
MO'RIO, Linn 1454 96
PALMA'TA, Syme 1457 & 1458 99
PURPU'REA, Huds 1451 93
PYRAMIDA'LIS, Linn. 1449 91
Bivi'ni, Gouan 1452 94
secundiflo'ra, Bert 1465 108
SITMOA, Lam 1453 95
specio'sa, Host 98
tephrosan'thos, Vill 1453 95
Traunster'neri, Koch 100
USTULA'TA, Linn 1450 92
vir'idis, Crantz 1462 105
Orchis a deuxfeuilles (Fr.) 106
fleurs laches (Fr.) 99
larges feuilles (Fr.) 101
barbe de houc (Fr.) 91
blanc (Fr.) 104
Bouffon (Fr.) 97
bride (Fr.) 93
incarnat (Fr.) 100
mafe(Fr.) 98
militaire (Fr.) 95
pyramidal (Fr.) 92
saure (Fr.) 103
vert (Fr.) 105
Orchis, Bee 1467 111
Bird's-nest 1478 122
Bog 14S9 135
Broad-leaved Marsh ...1458 101
Common Marsh 1457 100
Dense-flowered 1465 109
Dwarf Dark-winged 1450 93
Early Purple 1455 98
Early Spider 1469 & 1470 113
Fen 1488 134
Fly 1471 115
Fragrant 1460 103
Frog 1462 105
Great Dark-winged 1451 94
IX.
ix.
IX.
ix.
ix. ix. ix. ix. ix. ix. ix. ix. ix.
ix. ix. ix. ix. ix. ix.
PLATE PAGE
Orchis, Greater Butterfly 1464 107
■ Green-winged Meadow 1454
Late Spicier 1468
Lax-flowered 1456
Lesser Buttei fly 1463
Lizard 1448
Man 1447
Military 1452
Monkey 1453
Musk 1466
-— Palmate Spotted 1459
— Pyramidal 1449
— Small White 1461
|
97 |
ix. |
|
112 |
ix. |
|
99 |
ix. |
|
106 |
ix. |
|
91 |
ix. |
|
87 |
ix. |
|
95 |
ix. |
|
96 |
ix. |
|
110 |
ix. |
|
102 |
ix. |
|
92 |
ix. |
|
104 |
ix. |
Vll.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
vii.
viii. viii.
Orge queue de rat (Fr.) 195
Origan commun (Fr.) 30
ORIG'ANUM
Cret'icum, var. 0, Linn. ... 1046 29
megasta'chyum, Link 1040 29
[Oni'tes, Linn.'] (excluded) 86
[vi'rens, Link-] (excluded) 86
vulga're, Link 1045 29
VULGA'RE, Linn. 1045 & 1046 29
var. megasta'chyum,
Koch 1046 29
var. prismat'icum,
Gaud 1046 29
Orme commun (Fr.) 139
de montagne (Fr.) 142
OB'MENIS
no'bilis, J. Gay 724 53 v.
Omithogale a fleurs pendantes (Fr.) ... 195 ix.
• des Pyrenees (Fr.) 197 ix.
en ombelle (Fr.) 196 ix.
OKNlTHOG'ALUM
angustifo'lium, Bor 196 ix.
lu'teum, Linn 1522 193 ix.
NUTANS, Linn 1523 194 ix
PYRENA'ICUM, Linn.... 1525 197 ix.
umbella'tum, Bor 1524 195 ix.
UMBELLA'TUM, Linn. 1524 195 ix.
var. angustifo'lium,
Syme 196 ix.
Ornithope de'licat (Fr.) 78 iii.
sans bractees 79 iii.
ORNITHOP'TEBIS
aquili'na, John Smith 18S6 145 xii.
OKNITH'OPUS
EBKACTEATUS, Brot. 379 7S iii.
PERPUSIL'LUS, Linn. 37S 77 iii-
OROBAN'CHE
amethys'tea, Thuill 1017 200 vi.
ARENA'R I A, Boric 1008 191 vi.
barba'ta, Bab 1015 198 vi.
C.ERU'LEA, Vill 1009 192 vi.
CARYOPHYLLA'CEA,
Sm 1012 195 vi.
ELA'TIOR, Sutt 1013 196 vi.
epithy'mum, DC. 195 vi.
Eryn'gii, Duby 1017 200 vi.
290
ENGLISH I20TANY.
PLATE
OEOBAN'CHE
eu-mi'nor, Syme 1016
Ga'lii, Duby 1012
HED'ERJE. lh>hy 1015
■ luco'rum, Koch (?)
ma'jor, Fries 1013
Lsm 1010
MI'XOR, Linn 1016 & 1017
Thuill 1016
PI'CRIDIS, F. Sch 1014
[pruino'sa. L )/;>.] (excluded)
RAMO'SA, Linn 1007
RA'PUM, ThuiU 1010
RU'BRA, Sm 1011
[specio'sa, DC] (excluded)
mdga'ris,~DG 1012
Orobanche a petites flours (Fr.)
Meue(Fr.)
ih la picride (Fr.)
des sables (Fr.)
dn panicaut (Fr.)
tin spartum (Fr.)
e'loinj'.'e (Fr.)
rameuse (Fr.)
Oral' tant (Fr.)
tulje'reux (Fr.)
OB'OBUS
ni'ger, Linn 407 111
sylrat'ic us, Linn 386 88
tenuifo'lius, Roth Ill
tvbero'sus, Linn 406 110
Orpin a odeur de rose Fr.) 49
petites fleurs (Fr.) 53
Fewer (Fr.) 51
purpurin (Fr.) 50
Orpine, Broad-leaved 526 50
■ Everlasting 526 49
Narrow-leaved 527 51
Orti: z a pilules (Fr.) 130
brilante (Fr.) 131
Ortweehselnder Knoterich (Ger.) 78
PAGE VOL.
199
195 198 197 196 193 199 199 197 201 190 193 194 201 195 200 193 198 192 200 194 197 191 112 111
VI.
vi.
in. iii. iii. iv. iv. iv.
iv.
iv. viii. viii. viii.
OBY'ZA
clandesti'na, A. Br 1GSG 204 (2) xi.
Osier, Auricled 1323 226 viii.
Common 1322 224 viii.
Ferruginous 1325 229 viii.
Fine Basket, var. £ 1321 222 viii.
Green-leaved, var. a 1320 222 viii.
Silky-leaved 1324 227 viii.
OsmnndBoyal 1838 32 xii.
OSMUXDA
cris'pa, Linn 1S44
Luna'ria, Linn 1837
EEGA'LIS, Linn 1S38
SpCcant, Linn 1885
Oxalide cornne (Fr.) 214
oseiUt (Fr.) 211
rowfc(Fr.) 215
|
11 |
xii |
|
24 |
xii |
|
30 |
xii |
|
43 |
Xll |
PLATE PAGE
OX'ALIS
ACETOSEL'LA, Linn. ... 310 211
GORNICULATA, Linn, 311 213
enropx'a, Jord 312 214
STRICTA, Linn 312 214
rillo'sa, M. B 311 213
Ox-eye Chamomile 723 53
Great White 714 42
Oxlip, Common 1132 137
Cowslip 1133 137
Jaccpuin's 1131 135
Ox-tongue, Bristly 797 13S
Hawkweed 796 136
OXYCOC'CUS
palus'tris, Pers 876 20
OXYKTA
dig'yna, Campd 1225 57
REXIFOR'MIS, Hook. ... 1225 57
Oxytrope des Alpes (Fr.) 73
OXYT'EOPIS
CA3IPES'TRIS, DC. ... 374 72
HAL'LEBI, Bunge 373 71
uralen'sis, DC 373 71
Oxytropis, Blue 373 72
— Pale-yellow 374 73
Oyster-plant 1099 93
PyEO'XIA
CORALLI'XA, Rdz 50 6S
PAE'SIA
aquili'na, Moore 1SS6 145
Panais cultire' (Fr.) 152
Panic pied de coq (Fr.) 12
Panic-grass, Loose 1692 12
Panicaut des champs (Fr.) 96
maritime (Fr.) 95
PAN1CUM
Orus-gal'li, Una 1G92 12
Dac'tylon, Linn 1690 8
gla'brum, Gaud 1691 10
humifu'sum, Kunth 1691 10
[milia'eeum, i.] (excluded) 199
vertieHla't um, Linn 1694 14
vir'ide, Linn 1693 13
l'an.>y, Large-flowered Field ... 178 25
Mountain 1S1 2S
Sea ISO 27
Small-flowered Field ... 179 26
PAPA'YEE
ARGEMO'XE, Linn 61 91
camlrricum, Linn 63 94
DtPBIUM, Linn 59 & GO SS
Lamotte 59 89
Reich 60 90
horten'se, Hussenot 57 a. 82
HYB'RIDUM. Sri.u, 62 92
interme'dium, Becker S7
v.
vii.
vii.
vii.
v.
vin.
viii.
iii.
in.
vii.
xi. xi. iv.
INDEX.
201
TLATE TAGK \'OI.
FAPA'VEK
Ueviga'tvm " M.B.," Reich. 59 89
Lamot'tei, Boreau 59 89
Lecoq'ii, Lctmotte GO 90
niodes'tum, Jord 91
[mulicau'le, Linn.'] (excluded). . . 115
officinale, Gmel 57 b. 83
RHCE'AS, Linn 58 87
var. strigo'sum, Boen-
ningh 87
var. vulgaris, Syme... 58 87
setig'erurn, DC. SI
Godr 57 a. 82
SOMNIF'ERUM,Z/»».... 57 82
Gmel 57 a. 82
Gr. & Godr 57 b. 83
var. al'bum, DC 57 b. 83
var. macrocar'pinit,
Coss. & Germ
var. ni'grum, DC. ...
var. officinale, Coss. &
Germ
var. setig'erurn, Godr.
rarie'taire (Ft.) 126 viii.
PARIETA'RIA
diffusa, Bab. folim) 1278 126 viii.
DIFFU'SA, Koch 1278 126 viii.
var. fal'lax, Gr. &
Godr 126 viii.
erec'ta, Bab. (olim) 126 viii.
officinalis, Sin 1278 126 viii.
PAKTS
QUADRIFO'LIA, Linn. 1509 173 ix.
Parisetle a quatre feuilles (Fr.) 17-1 ix.
Parisisches Ldbkraut (Ger.) 221 iv.
Parmacetic, Poor Man's 152 212 i.
57 b. 83 57 a. 82
57 b. 83 57 a. 82
PARNAS'SIA
PALUS'TRIS, Linn.
Parnassie des marais (Fr.)
Parnassus, Grass of
Parsley, Common
Fool's ...
Cora-
Cow-
Fern
■ Field Hedge-
Great Bur- ,
Knotted Hedge- ..,
Piert
Small Bur-
Upright Hedge ..,
Water Dropwort . .
Parsnip, Common Cow- ..
Great Water-
Least Water-
Procumbent Water- 57:
Water-
Wild
565 86
86
565 86
576 101 600 133
577 105 624 168
1844 44
619 163 61S 162 621 165 422 137 617 161
620 164 596 12S 613 154
587 118 575 103
3 & 4 101
588 119 612 152
PLATE TAGE VOL.
PASPA'LUM
ambig'uum., DC 1691 10 xi.
Dac'tylon, DC 1690 8 xi.
Pasque Flower 9 11 i.
Passerage a largesft uill s (Fr) 213 i.
des champs (Ft.) 217 i.
des de'combres (Fr.) 214 i.
ilnin .-(Fr.) 219 i.
c ul t i i- tv (Fr.) 215 i.
Pastel des teinturiers (Fr.) 223 i.
PASTINA'CA
SATTVA, Linn. 612 151 iv.
Patience a e'cussons (Fr.) 54 viii.
« feuilles obtuses (Fr.) 47 viii.
a tongues feuilles (Fr.) 52 viii.
- agglome'ree (Fr.) 41 viii.
crepue (Fr.) 50 viii.
des Alpes (Fr.) 53 viii.
desbois(Fr.) 42 viii.
domestique (Fr.) 51 viii.
maritime (Fr.) 43 viii.
ose Me (Fr.) 55 viii.
petite ose Me (Fr.) 57 viii.
violon (Fr.) 45 viii.
Pdturin annuel (Fr.)
bulbeux (Fr.)
commun (Fr.)
comprime' (Fr.)
des Alpes (Fr.)
des bois (Fr.)
des pre's (Fr.)
— laxe (Fr.)
Pavot (Fr.)
corpuelicot (Fr.)
somnifere (Fr.)
Pea, Broad-leaved Everlasting 403
Narrow-leaved Everlasting 402
Sea 405
Pear, Wild 48S
Pearl wort, Alpine 249
Awl-shaped 250
Common Small -
flowered 246
Fries's Small-flowered 247
l.indblom's (bis) 250
Procumbent 248
Sea 245
Pe'diculaire des forets (Fr.)
des marais (Fr.)
PEDICULA'RIS
PALUS'TRIS, Linn 996
SYLVAT'ICA, Linn 997
Pellitory-of-the-Wall 1278
Penny Cress, Field Ill
Green Alpine 148
Long-styled Alpine 147
Perfoliate 145
Short-styled Alpine 146
Penny-royal 1041 & 1042
Pennyweed 99S
112 114 130 126 115 125 128 117 81-93 88 84 108 107 110 252 122 124
119 120 125 121 118 180 179
xi. xi.
17S vi.
179 vi.
126 viii.
202 i.
207 i.
206 i.
204 i.
205 i. 24 vii.
1S1 vi.
202
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE
Pennywort, Marsh 56G
Peon)7, Coral 50
Entire -leaved 50
Male 50
Peplidi pourpier (Fr.)
PEPXIS
PORTULA, Linn 493
Peppermint 1024, var. £, 1025
Pepper, Grass 1825
Poor Man's 153
Water 1234
Pepperwort, Broad -leaved 153
Mithridate 156
Narrow-leaved 154
Rubbish 154
Smooth Field 157
Whitlow 158
Perce-neige des Parisiens (Fr.)
pied(Fr.)
pierre (Fr.)
PERIS' TYLUS
al'bidus, Lindl 1461
Periwinkle, Lesser 906
or Pei viuke, Greater 905
Perlkopfiges Buhrkra ut (Ger.)
Persicaria, Glandular, var. a ... 1239 var. 3 ...1240
Lax flowered 1236
Small 1235
Spotted, var. a 1237
var. 0 1238
Persil cultive (Fr.)
Pervenche a grande jleur (Fr.)
Pesse commune (Fr.)
PETASI'TES
AL'BUS, Gdrtn 782
FRA'GRAXS, Fred 781
officinalis, Munch ... 7S3 & 784
praten'sis, Jord
ripa'ria, Jord 783 & 784
VULGARIS, Des/.... 783 & 7S4
Petite douve (Fr.)
mauve ronde (Fr.)
PETEOSELI'NUM
horten'se, Hoffm 576
SATIVUM, i/o-fw 57(3
SEG'ETUM, Koch 577
Pi tty Spurge 1265
Whin 326
Peucedane officinal (Fr.)
PEUCED'ANUM
OFFICINALE, Linn. ... 609
OSTRU'THIUM, Koch... 611
PALUS'TRE, Monch 610
Sila'us, Linn 604
Peuplier blanc (Ft.)
grisdtre (Fr.)
noir (Fr.)
tremble (Fr.)
PAGE VOL.
90 iv.
69 i.
69 i.
69 i.
5 iv.
4 iv.
9 vii.
2 xii.
213 i.
71 i.
213 viii.
217 i.
214 i. 214 i.
218 i.
219 i. 167 ix. 137 iii. 143 iv.
103 ix. 63 vi. 63 vi. 77 v. 77 viii. 77 viii.
74 viii. 73 viii.
75 viii. 75 viii.
104 iv. 63 vi.
34 iv.
118 v. 117 v.
119 v.
120 v. 120 v. 119 v.
35 i. 169 ii.
103 iv.
103 iv.
105 iv. Ill viii.
8 iii.
149 iv.
148 iv.
150 iv.
149 iv. 139 iv. 193 viii. L95 viii. 199 viii. 197 viii.
PLATE PACE
PfefferfrwMiger Sannel (Ger.) 142
Pfefferminze (Ger.) 10
Pfennigsalat (Ger.) 49
Pfirsiclibldttrige Glochenblume
(Ger.) 14
Pfriembldttrige Sagine (Qei.) 124
PHA'CA
astragali'na, DC 375 73
PEALAN'GIUM
bi'color, DC 1541 220
plant folium, Pers 1541 220
PHAL'AKIS
arena' ria, Huds 1709 34
arundina'cea, Linn 1697 19
CANARIEN'SIS, Linn.... 1698 20
oryzoi'des, Linn 1686 2
[paradox'a, L.] (excluded) 199
phlmoi'des, Linn 1708 33
PHAL'ONA
echina'ta, Dum 1777 134
Pheasant's Eye, Autumnal 13 14
Common 13 14
PHEGOP'TERIS
alpes'tris, Mettenius 1870 & 1871 112
J.Smith 1870 113
calca'rea, Fe'e 1846 48
DRYOP'TERIS, Fe'e 1845 46
flex'ilis, J. Smith 1871 115
POLYPODIOI'DES, Fee 1847 50
ROBERTI A'N A, A. Broun 1846 48
mdga'ris, Mett 1847 50
PKELIPMA
arena! ria, Walp 1008 191
aeru'lea, C. A. M 1009 192
ramo'sa, C. A. M 1007 190
PHELLAN'DBIUM
aquat'icum, Linn 59S 130
PHLEUM
ALPI'NUM, Linn 1705 30
ARENA'RIUM, Linn. ... 1709 34
[as' perum, Jacq.~\ (excluded) 199
BOEH'MERI, Schrad. ... 1708 33
commuta'tum, Gaud 1705 30
crini'tum, Schreb 1713 40
interme'dium, Jord 1706 32
hx've, M. Bieb 1708 33
[Michel'lii, All.] (excluded) 199
nodo'sum, Linn 1707 32
phalaroi'des, K61 170S 33
pree'cox, Jord 1707 32
pra ten'se, Jord 1706 32
PRATEN'SE, Linn. 1706 & 1707 31
var. nodos'um, Syme 1707 32
sero'tinum, Jord 1707 32
[ten'ue, Schrad.] (excluded) 200
PHCENIX'OPUS
mura'lis, Koch SOS 150
PHEAGMI'TIS
COMMU'NIS, Trin 1727 58
xn. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
vi. vi.
INDEX.
293
via.
x.
xii.
xii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
in. viii. viii. viii.
vii.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
PHRAGMI'TIS
communis, var. nig'ricans,
Gr.&Godr 58 xi.
var. re'pens, Mey 58 xi.
var. vulga'ris, Gr. &
Godr 1727 58 xi.
PHYL' LITIS
scolopen'drium, Newm 1884 141 xii.
PHYLLOD'OCE
cceru'lea, Bab 886 34 vi.
taxifo'lia, Salieb 886 34 vi.
PHY'SALIS
[Alkeken'gi, Linn.'] (excluded) 108 vi.
PHYSOSPER'MUM
aquilegifo'lium, Koch 630 176 iv.
COENUBIEN'SE, DG. ... 630 176 iv.
PHYTEU'MA
ORBICULA'RE, Linn. ... 864 6 vi.
SPICA'TUM, Linn 865 6 vi.
Picride e'perviere (Fr.) 136 v.
PI'CRIS
arva'lis, Jord 136 v.
echioi'des, Linn 797 137 v.
HIERACIOI'DES, Linn. 796 136 v.
Jord 796 136 v.
var. arva'lis, Syme 136 v.
stric'ta, Jord. (excluded) 217 v.
Pied d'aloue.tte (Fr.) 63 i.
de griffon (Fr.) 59 i.
Piert, Parsley 422 137 iii.
Pigamon (Fr.) 4 i.
Pilewort 39 49 i.
Pillenlragende Nessel (Ger.) 130
Segge(Ger.) 127
Pillwort 125 2
PILULA'RIA
GLOBULIF'ERA, Linn. 1825 2
Pimpernel, Bastard 1149 154
Blue 1147 152
Bog 1148 153
Scarlet... 1146 var. /3, 1147 151
Yellow 1145 150
PIMPINEL'LA
dioi'ca, Linn 579 107
MAG'NA, Linn 586 116
SAXIF'RAGA, Linn 585 115
Pimprenelle sanguisorbe (Fr.) 134
Pin maritime (Fr.) 271
sauvage (Fr.) 265
Pine, Cluster 1381 271
Ground 1090 80
PINGUIC'ULA
ALPI'NA, Linn 1123 124
GRANDIFLO'RA, Lam. 1122 124
LUSITAN'ICA, Linn. ... 1124 125
VULGA'RIS, Linn 1121 123
var. Benth 1122 124
VOL. XII. 2 Q
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Pink, Cheddar 193
Childing 196
Clove 194
Common 195
Deptford 191
Maiden 192
Meadow 212
Mountain 193
1168
Proliferous 196
PI'NUS
marit'ima, Lam 1381
PINAS'TER, Ait 1381
[Pi'nea, Linn.'] (excluded)
SYLVES'TRIS, Linn. ... 1380
Pipewort 1546
Pissenlit officinal (Fr.)
PI'S UM
marit'imum, Linn 405
Pivoine coralline (Fr.)
PLANTA'GO
[alpi'na, Linn.] (excluded)
[arena'ria, Linn.] (excluded)
[argen'tea, Linn.] (excluded)
CORO'NOPUS, Linn.
interme'dia, Gilb
LANCEOLA'TA, Linn.
1164 & 1165
var. ma'jor, Syme
var. Timba'li, Syme... 1165
var. vulga'ris, Syme... 1164
ma'jor, Gren. & Godr 1162
MA'JOR, Linn 1162
var. interme'dia, Dene
MARIT'IMA, Linn. 1166 & 1167
var. hirsu'ta, Syme ... 1167
var. latifo'lia, Syme... 1166
var. linea'ris, Syme
ME'DIA, Linn H63
[Psyllium, Linn.] (excluded) ...
[Serpentina, Vill] (excluded) ...
Timba'li, Jord 1165
Plantain, Buck's-horn 1168
-Greater H62
Hoary I163
Sea 1166, var. y, 1167
Shore-weed
Plantain a larges feuilles (Fr.)
come de cerf (Fr.)
lance'ole(Fr.)
maritime (Fr.)
moyen (Fr.)
PLATAN' THEE A
al'hida, Liudl 1461
bifo'lia, Lindl. ... 1463 & 1464
Reich 1464
chloran'tha, Reich 1463
monta'na, Reich, til 1463
solstitia'lis, Bonn 1464
vir'idis, Liudl 1462
48 52 49 51 46 47 71 48 52
270 270 284 264 2 144
109 69
175 175 175 173 167
170 171 171 170 167 167 167 172 172 172 172 169 175 175 171 174 168 170 173 175 168 174 171 173 170
103 105 106 107 107 106 105
n. ii.
viii. viii. viii. viii. x.
Vll.
vii. vii. vii. vii.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
294
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE
Platterbsenartige Wicke (Ger.)
Ploughman's Spikenard 767
Plum, Wild 410
Plume-Thistle, Creeping ...693 & 694
PO'A
airoi'des, Kol 1750
ALPI'NA, Linn 1762
angustifo'lia, Linn
AN'NUA, Linn 1760
aquat'ica, Linn 1751
Balfour'ii, Bab 1767
Parn 1767
var. amhig'ua, Syme
var. monta'na, Bab
Bor'reri, Hook. & Arn. ... 1756
BULBO'SA, Linn 1761
cie'sia, Reich 1767
_ Bab 1766
Sm 1765
ceuis'ia, All
— - COMPRES'SA, Linn. ... 1770
-Parn 1770
var- polyno'da, Syme
crista'ta, Willd 1746
decum'bens, With 1745
[dissitiflo'ra, R. & S.] (ex-
cluded)
■ dis'tans, Linn 1755
distichophyl'la, Gaud
el'egans, DC 1764
eu-glau'ca, Syme 1766
eu-lax'a, Syme 1764
flexuo'sa, Sm 1764
flu'itans, Scop 1752 & 1753
Hook. & Arn 1752
var. 0, Hook. & Arn. 1753
GLAU'CA, Sm 1765-1767
Sm 1766
var. a, Sm. (partly) 1767
var. a, Sm. (partly) 1766
var. /8, Sm 1765
Koh'lerhVC
lax'a, Auct. Plur 1764
Bab 1763
Hanke 1763 & 1764
var. mi'nor, Hook. fil. 1764
var. vivip'ara, Ander. 1763
lolia'cea, Huds 1759
marit'irua, Huds 1754
mi'nor. Bab 1764
— Gaud ,
monta'na, Parn
NEMOPvA'LIS, Linn.
1768 & 1769
var. angustifo'lia,
ram
var. coarcta'la, Gaud
var. divarica'ta, Syme
var. glau'ca, Bub
Hook. fil.... 1765-1767
PAGE
99
99
118
19
94 114 127 111 100 121 121 121 121 105 112 121 119 118 120 125 125 126 88 87
VOL.
iii.
v.
iii.
XI.
xi. xi. xi. xi. xi. xi. xi. xi. xi. xi.
|
201 |
xi. |
|
104 |
xi. |
|
120 |
xi. |
|
116 |
xi. |
|
119 |
xi. |
|
116 |
xi. |
|
116 |
xi. |
|
96 |
xi. |
|
97 |
xi. |
|
98 |
xi. |
|
118 |
xi. |
|
119 |
xi. |
|
121 |
xi. |
|
119 |
xi. |
|
118 |
xi. |
|
129 |
xi. |
|
116 |
xi. |
|
116 |
xi. |
|
115 |
xi. |
|
116 |
xi. |
|
116 |
xi. |
|
110 |
xi. |
|
102 |
xi. |
|
116 |
xi. |
|
117 |
xi. |
|
121 |
xi. |
122
123 123 124 124 118
PLATE PAOE VOL.
PO'A
var. glaucan'tha, Reich. ... 124 xi.
var. monta'na, Bab 121 xi.
var. Parnel'lii, Hook.
& Am 1769 124 xi.
var. vulga'ris, Gaud. 1768 123 xi.
var. 8, Hook. & Arn. 1766 119 xi,
var. e, Hook. & Arn. 1767 121 xi.
Parnel'lii, Bab 1769 124 xi.
polyno'da, Parn 126 xi.
PRATEN'SIS, Linn.
1771 & 1772 127 xi.
Sm 1771 127 xi.
var. angustifo'lia,
Gaud 127 xi.
var. strigo'sa, Gaud 128 xi.
var. subcseru'lea, Sm. 1772 128 xi.
var. vulga'ris, Gaud. 1771 127 xi.
procum'bens, Curt 1757 107 xi.
rig'ida, Linn 175S 108 xi.
sca'bra, Ehrh 1773 129 xi.
stric'ta, Lindeb 1763 116 xi.
subcseru'lea, Sm 1772 128 xi.
subcompres'sa, Parn 126 xi.
[Sudet'ica, Hanke'] (excluded) ... 201 xi.
supi'na, Schrad 112 xi.
sylvat'ica, Poll. ... 1787 & 1788 148 xi.
TRIYIA'LIS, Linn 1773 129 xi.
var. Ko'leri, Syme 129 xi.
var. sca'bra, Syme 129 xi.
Poet's Narcissus 1504 162 ix.
Poirier acerbe (Fr.) 255 iii.
commun (Fr.) 252 iii.
Pois e'ternel (Fr.) 107 iii.
maritime (Ft.) 110 iii.
Polei (Ger.) 24 vii.
POLEMONIUM
CERU'LEUM, Linn 922 82 vi.
Foleyblattrige Grdnke (Ger.) 31 vi.
Follich's Simse(Ger.) 66 x.
Polycarpe a quatre feuilles (Fr.) 134 ii.
POLYCAE'PON
TETRAPHYL'LUM,
Linn, fil 258 133 ii.
POLYG'ALA
ama'ra, Don 1S8 38 ii.
AUSTRI'ACA, Crantz ... 189 40 ii.
var. uligino'sa, Syme 189 40 ii.
CALCA'REA, F. Schultz 188 38 ii.
Lebel 36 ii.
depres'sa, Wend 187 3S ii.
eu-vulga'ris, Syme... 185 & 186 35 ii.
oxyp'tera, Reich 186 36 ii.
serpylla'cea, Weihe 187 3S ii.
uligino'sa, Reich 1S9 40 ii.
VULGA'RIS, Linn. ... 185-187 35 ii.
Benth 185-189 40 ii.
Koch 1S5 & 186 35 ii.
Reich 185 35 ii.
IXDEX.
295
PLATE
POLYG'ALA
vulga'ris. var. a, Bab. 185 & 186
var. ft Hook. & Am. 188
var. depres'sa. Bab — 187
var. grandiflo'ra, Bab
. var. oxyp'tera, Syme... 186
Polygala common (Ft.)
cTAutriche (Fr.)
POLYGONATUH
intermedium, Boi
MULTIFLO'ROI, ATI.... 1513
OFFICINALE, All 1512
var. interme'dium,
Syme
YERTICILLATOI, AIL 1511
vulga're. Bor 1512
Desf. 1512
POLYGONUM
agresti'num. Jord
AMPHIB'IUM, Linn.
1241 & 1242
var. na'tans. Syme ... 1242
var. terres'tre, Syme 1241 ,
arenas'trum, Bor 1230
aviculu're. Bar 1229
AYICULATtE, Linn.
1229-1231
Linn. Herb
agresti'nuni. Jord
a renas'trum, Jord. ... 1230
littora'le, Link
microsper'mum, Jord
ruriva'gum, Jord. ... 1231
vulga'tum, Jord 1229
bifor'me, Wahl 1238
BISTOR'TA. Linn 1243
COXYOL'YULUS. Linn. 1227
var. pseudo-dumeto'-
rum, Wats
dnhium. G-ren. & Godr. ... 1236
DOIETO'RUM- Linn. ... 1228
FAGOPY'RUM, Lin*. ... 1226
HYDROPI'PER. Linn. ... 1234
lapathifo'lium, Auct 1239
LAPATHIFO'LIOI.
Linn 1239 & 1240
var. nodo'sum, Syme 1240
laz'um, Reich 1240
littora'le, Gren. & Godr. ... 1232
Link
MARIT'DIOL Linn. ... 1233
var. Benth 1232
microsper'mum, Jord
MTNTTS, Huds 1235
MITE, Schrank 1236
nodo'sum, Pens. ? 1238
Reich 1240
PERSICA'RIA, Linn.
1237 & 1238
35
38 38 35 36 37 41
179 177 17S
179 176 179 178
64 viii.
77 viii.
.... viii.
.... viii.
65 viii. 65 viii.
IX.
ix.
63 viii.
64 viii.
|
64 |
viii. |
|
65 |
viii. |
|
67 |
viii. |
|
66 |
viii. |
|
67 |
viii. |
|
65 |
viii. |
|
74 |
viii. |
|
78 |
viii. |
|
61 |
viii. |
|
61 |
viii |
|
73 |
viii |
|
62 |
viii |
|
59 |
viii |
|
70 |
viii |
|
76 |
viii |
75 vm.
76 viii. 76 viii.
|
68 |
viii. |
|
67 |
viii. |
|
69 |
viii. |
|
68 |
viii |
|
66 |
viii. |
|
72 |
viii |
|
73 |
viii |
|
74 |
viii |
|
76 |
viii |
PLATE
POLYGONUM
Persica'ria. var. ela'tum.
Gr. & Godr 1238
RA'II, Bab 1232
Rober'ti, Hook. & Arn. ... 1232
ruriva'gum, Jord 1231
YIYIPAROI, Linn. ... 1244
POLYPO'DIUM
aculea'tvm, Huds 1861
a:' nudum, Ait 1858
alpes'tre, Bab 1870
var. flex'ile, Moore ... 1871
Hoppe 1870 & 1871
var. pu'mila, Hook. &
Arn 1870
alpi'num, "Wulfen 1866
Arvon'icum, Sm 1863
calca'reum, Sm 1846
callip'teris, Ehrli 1853
Cam'bricum, Linn
crista'tum, Linn 1S53
JJryop'teris. Linn 1845
var. a. Ledeb 1845
var. calca'reum, Gr. &
Godr 1846
var. Bobertia'num,
Ruprecht 1846
Fi'lix-fa'mina, Linn 1869
Fi'lix-mas, Linn 1850
fl.es' He, Moore 1871
fon ta 'nurn, Linn 1S72
frag' He, Linn 1864-1S67
fra'grans, Yillars 1851
hyperbor'eum, Swartz 1863
Lhen'se, Swartz 1862
leptophyHum, Linn 1843
loba'tum, Huds I860
Lonchi'tis, Linn 1859
monta'num, Lam 1868
Yogler 1849
multiflo'rum, Roth 1857
myrrhidifo'lium, Yillars ... 1S6S
Oreop'teris, Ehrh 1849
palus'tre, Salisb 1848
Phegop'teris, Linn 1847
Rhx'ticum 'Pallas,' Fries
1870 & 1871
re'gium, Linn. ? 1866
rig'idum, Hoffm 1S51
Bobertia'num, Hoflin 1846
" setii" erum, Forsk." 1861
spinulo'sum, Muller 1855
thdyp'terh, Linn 1848
YULGARE. Linn 1842
var. cam'bricum, WtOd. ...
var. ere na 't urn. "Woll
var. omnilac'trum,
Moore
var. serra'tum, Willi
Polypody, Common 1842
|
PAGE |
VOL. |
|
74 |
viii. |
|
68 |
viii. |
|
68 |
viii. |
|
67 |
viii. |
|
80 |
viii. |
|
95 |
xii. |
|
88 |
xii. |
|
113 |
xii. |
|
115 |
xii. |
|
112 |
xii. |
|
115 |
xii. |
|
104 |
xii. |
|
99 |
xii. |
|
48 |
xii. |
|
70 |
xii. |
|
39 |
xii. |
|
70 |
xii. |
|
46 |
xii. |
46 xii.
4S xii.
48 xii. 108 xii.
|
57 |
xii. |
|
115 |
xii. |
|
117 |
xii. |
|
101 |
xii. |
|
65 |
xii. |
|
99 |
xii. |
|
98 |
xii. |
|
42 |
xii. |
|
92 |
xii. |
|
90 |
xii. |
|
106 |
xii. |
|
54 |
xii. |
|
82 |
xii. |
|
106 |
xii. |
|
54 |
xii. |
|
52 |
xii. |
|
50 |
xii. |
|
112 |
xii |
|
101.104 xii. |
|
|
65 |
xii. |
|
48 |
xii. |
|
95 |
xii. |
|
77 |
xii. |
|
52 |
xii. |
|
38 |
xii. |
|
39 |
xii. |
|
41 |
xii. |
|
41 |
xii. |
|
39 |
xii. |
|
38 |
Xii. |
296
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE
Polvpody, Limestone 1846 48
. . Mountain 1S47 50
POLYPO'GON
Lagas'cas, R. & S 1714 41
LITTORA'LIS, Sm 1714 41
MOXSPELIEVSIS.-De*/. 1713 40
POLYS'TICHUM
dbtrevia'tvm, DC 61
aarfca'tum, Roth I860 92
ajji'n e, Ledeb 59
ala'tum, Moore 1861 96
AXGULA'RE, Presl 1861 95
. var. ala'tum, Moore 96
var. grac'ile, Wollast 96
var. hastula'tum, Kunze ... 96
Braun'ii, Fe~e 97
GWKp'ferw, DO 1853 70
crista'tum, Both 1853 70
Fi'lix-mas, Roth 1S50 57
var. abbrevia'tum,
Gren.&Godr 1850 61
grac'ile, Wollaston 1861 96
hastula'tum. Kunze 1S61 96
LOBA'TUM, Presl I860 92
var. aculea'tum, Syme 93
LOXCHITIS, Roth 1859 90
monta'num, Roth 1849 54
multiflo'rum, Both 1S57 82
Oreoj/teris, DC 1S49 54
foAutltre, Salinb 1848 52
ritfidum, DC 1851 65
spino'sum, Roth 1855 / /
epinvkfsvm, var. dilata'tum.
Koch 1S57 82
var. vulga're. Koch... 1855 77
strigo'sum, Roth 1851 65
tcnaeetifo'lium, DC 84
Thelyp'teris, Both 1848 52
Pomeranzenblumiges Habichts-
hraut (Ger.) 167
Pond-Sedge, Greater 1679 176
—Lesser 1678 166
Pondweed, Curled 1413 44
Fan-like 1421 53
Fennel-leaved 1422 54
Flat-stemmed 1418 49
Floating 1399 27
Grasswrack-leaved... 1415 46
Grassy 1417 48
Great, var. a 1408 38
var. £ 1409 39
Hair-leaved- 1420 52
Lanceolate 1405 35
Long-leaved 1410 41
Long-stalked 1411 42
Oblong-leaved 1400 29
Opposite-leaved 1414 45
Perfoliate 1412 43
Plantain-leaved 1401 30
-Reddish 1402 31
VOL.
xii. xii.
xi. xi.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
PLATE PAGE
Pondweed, Ribbon-leaved 1403 32
Sharp-leaved 1416 47
Shining 1407 37
-Slender-leaved 1424 55
Small 1419 50
. Various-leaved 1406 36
Willow-leaved 1404 34
Poor Man's Parmacetic 152 212
Pepper 153 213
Rhubarb 2 4
Poplar, Black 1302 199
Grey 1300 195
White 1299 193
Poppy, Common Garden 57 84
Common Red 58 88
Corn 5S 88
Mongrel 62 93
Opium 57 84
Prickly-headed 61 92
Red Horn 65 97
Round Prickly-headed... 62 93
Sleep-bearing 57 84
Smooth-headed 60 91
Violet Horn 64 96
Welsh 63 94
White 57 84
Yellow 63 94
Horn 66 98
Populage des marais (Fr.) 52
POP'ULTJS
al'ba, Auct. PI 1299 192
AL'BA, Linn. ... 1299 & 1300 192
var. a, Bromf. 1299 192
var. /B, Bromf. 1300 194
Bachhof'fii, Wierzb 194
[balsamif'era, Linn.'] (excluded) 262
[can'dicans, Ait.] (excluded) ... 262
canes'cens, Reich 196
Sm 1300 194
[dilata'ta, Ait.] (excluded) 261
eu-al'ba 1299 192
hyh'rida,U.B 1300 194
[monilif era, Ait] (ex-
cluded) 262
XI'GRA, Linn 1302 198
TREMTLA. Linn 1301 196
var. gla'bra, Syme 196
var. villo'sa. Syme 196
rillo'sa, Lange 196
Porcelle a longues racines (Fr.) 130
g/aore (Fr.) 129
tache'e (Fr.) 130
Portland Spurge 1264 111
Portulahartige Keilmelde (Ger.) 37
POTAMOGE'TON
acumina'tus, Schum 38
ACUTIFO'LIUS, Link.... 1416 46
alpi'nus, Bo.\b 1402 30
colora'tus, Wallr 1401 29
compres'sui, Fries 1415 45
IX.
ix.
l. viii. viii. viii.
i.
i.
i.
vm. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii.
viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. v.
Vlll.
viii.
INDEX.
297
PLATE PAGE VOL.
POTAMOGETON
compres'sus. Sin 1418 48 ix.
cornu'tum. Presl 3S ix.
. CEISTL'S, L 1413 43 ix.
euspida'tus, Sin 1415 45 ix.
Jectp'tcna, Nolte 1409 39 ix.
DEN'SUS, L 1414 44 ix.
eurpecturftus, Byrne 1422 & 1423 53 ix.
FILIFOmilS," Xolte ...1424 55 ix.
rkbella'tus, Bab 1421 53 ix.
[rlu'itans, Both] (excluded) 63 ix.
Sm 1402 30 ix.
[gracilis, Frits'] excluded^ 64 ix.
gramin'eus, Fries 1406 35 ix.
Sm 1417 47 ix.
HETEROPHYL'LUS,
Schreb 1406 35 ix.
Horneman'ni, Meyp* 1401 29 ix.
Kirk'ii,Syme 1403 31 ix.
lanceola'tus, Reich 1404 33 ix.
LANCEOLA'TUS, Sm. ... 1405 34 ix.
LONCHTTIS, (?) Tuck... 1404 33 ix.
LONGIFO'LIUS, Gay ... 1410 40 ix.
Weens, Auct. PI 1408 38 ix.
LtFCENS, Linn... 1408 & 1409 38 ix.
var. acumina'tus,
Syme 38 ix.
var. decip'ieus, Syme 39 ix.
macrophyUus, YTolfg 1410 40 ix.
mari'nus, Linn 1424 55 ix.
mari'nus, Huds 1423 54 ix.
monog'unus. Gay 1420 51 ix.
MTJCBONATUS, Schrad. 1418 48 ix.
NATANS, And 1399 26 ix.
nigres'eens, (?) Fr 1405 S4&43 ix.
NTTENS, Web 1407 36 ix.
oblon'gus, Viv 1400 27 ix.
OBTUSIFO'LIUS. M. &
E 1417 47 ix.
Oe'deri, Meyer 1418 48 ix.
pectina'tus, Bab 1422 53 ix.
PECTINA'TUS, L. 1821-1823 52 ix.
var. a, Hook. & Arn. 1422 53 ix.
var. B- Hook. & Arn. 1421 53 ix.
var. dichot'omas,
Walk 1421 53 ix.
var. scopa'rius, WaJlr. 1423 54 ix.
PEEFOLIATUS, L 1412 42 ix.
PLANTAGIN'EUS, Ducr. 1401 29 ix.
POLYGONIFO'LITS,
Pourr 1400 27 ix.
var. ericeto'rum, Syme 28 ix.
var. pseudo-flu'itans,
Syme 28 ix.
PEJELON'GUS, TTW. ... 1411 41 ix.
PUSIL'LUS, L 1419 49 ix.
pusillus, var. ma'jor,
Fries 1418 48 ix.
var. tenuis'simus,
Fries ; 50 ix.
FLATB tXH-E
POTAMOGETON
EUFES'CENS, Schrad. ... 1402 80
var. homophylTus,
Syme 31
salicifo'lius, (?) Wolfg 1404 33
serra'tas, Huds 44
SPAEGANHFO'LirS,
Bab 1403 31
Bab. (ex parte) 1404 33
Lastad 32
TEICHOI'DES, Cham. ... 1420 51
tubrcula'tus, Ten. & Guss. 1420 51
radUan'tii,R.&S 1421 53
zostera'ceu-s, Bab. (plim) ... 1421 53
ZOSTEEIFO'LIUS,
Schum 1415 45
Potamot a feuilles acumine'es
(Fr.) ; 47
■ cajjiUaires
(Fr.) 52
obtuses (Fr.) 48
cre'pu (Fr.) 44
en dents de peigne (Fr.) 54
flexueuse (Fr.) 42
fluet(FT.) 51
'luisant (Fr.) 40
nageant (Fr.) 27
perfolie'^Fr.) 43
plantain (Fr.) 30
rousdtre (Fr.) 31
serre'(Fr.) 45
POTEXTIL'LA
[al'ba. Linn.'] (excluded) 260
ALPES'TEIS, HaU.fil... 429 145
ANSEBTNA, Linn 433 149
au'rea, Smith 429 145
ABGENTEA, Linn 435 151
OOM'ABUM, Netsa 437 153
eurTormentiHa, Syme 430 146
FBAGABIASTBUM,
Ehrh 427 143
FEUTICO'SA, Linn 436 152
[interme'dia, Nest.] (ex-
cluded) 260
mix'ta, Xolte 148
[ppa'ca, Sm.] (excluded) 260
pab.ts'tris. Scop 437 153
procum'bens, Sibth 431 147
EEP'TANS, Linn 432 148
BUPESTBIS, Linn 434 150
salisburgen'sis, Hanke 429 145
SIBBAL'DI, Hall f. (by
error P. Sibbaldia) 426 142
Bfct/tKs,Garoke 427 143
svlves'tris, Xeck 430 146
TOEMENTIL'LA, Schenk.
430 & 431 146
Sibth 430 146
var. o, Hook. & Arn. 430 146
var. B, Hook. & Arn. 431 147
in. iii. iii. iii.
iii.
in. iii.
m. iii. iii.
298
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAOE VOL.
POTENTILXA
[tridenta'ta, S?n.] (excluded) 260 iii.
YER'NA. Linn 428 144 iii.
var. Benth 429 145 iii.
Potentate alpestre (Fr.) 145 iii.
argente'e (Ft.) 152 iii.
couche'e (Ft.) 148 iii.
des rochers (Ft.) 151 iii.
du printemps (Ft.) 145 iii.
fraisier (Ft.) 144 iii.
llgneuse (Ft.) 152 iii.
POTE'KIUM
dictyocar'pum, Spach 419 133 iii.
Magno'lii, Spach 135 iii.
MURICATOI, Spacft ... 420 134 iii.
var. platylo'phium,
Syme 135 iii.
var. stenolo'phium,
Syme 135 iii.
platylo'phium, Jord 420 135 iii.
polyg'amum? W. & K 420 134 iii.
■ SANGUISOR'BA, Linn. 419 133 iii.
var. murica'tum,
Benth 420 134 iii.
stenolo'phium, J ord 420 135 iii.
Preisselheere (Ger.) 23 vi.
PRENAN'THES
mura'lis, Linn 808 150 v.
[purpu'rea, Linn.] (ex-
cluded) 217 v.
Primcvere du printemps (Ft.) 132.134vii.
farintuse (Fr.) 138 vii.
inodore (Ft.) 135 vii.
Prim-print 904 60 vi.
Primrose, Birdseve 1134 138 vii.
Common 1129 132 vii.
Common Evening 508 24 iv.
Scottish Birdseve 1135 139 vii.
Sweet-scented Evening 509 26 iv.
PRIMULA
acau'lis, Jacq 1129 131 vii.
breiisty'la, DC 1132 136 vii.
ela'tior, Auct. Angl 1132 136 vii.
ELA'TIOR, Jacq 1131 135 vii.
FARINO'SA, Linn 1134 13S vii.
var. Duby 1135 138 vii.
grandiflo'ra, Lam 1129 131 vii.
intrica'ta, Gren. & Godr. 1132 136 vii.
OFFICINALIS, Jacq. ... 1130 133 vii.
officina'li-vulga'ris, Syme
1132 & 1133 136 vii.
SCOT'ICA, Hook 1135 138 vii.
sylves'tris, Scop 1129 131 vii.
Thomasi'nii, Gren. & Godr. 1132 136 vii.
variab'ilis, Goupil 1132 136 vii.
iv'm, Huds 1130 133 vii.
var. a, Benth 1129 131 vii.
var. b, Benth 1130 133 vii.
var. acau'lis, Linn.... 1129 131 vii.
PLATB PAG2
PRLM'ULA
ve'ris, var. ela'tior, Linn.... 1131 135
var. officinalis, Linn. 1130 133
VULGARIS, Huds 1129 131
var. caules'cens, Bab. 1132 136
var. variab'ilis, Bab. 1132 136
Privet, Common 904 60
Hawk-moth 61
PRUNEL'LA
VULGARIS, Linn 1059 46
Prunier a grappes (Fr.) 124
cerise (Ft.) 123
domestique (Fr.) 118
e'pineux (Ft.) 115
sauvage (Ft.) 117
PRU'NUS
AVIUM, Linn 411 119
CER'ASUS, Linn 412 122
var. A'rium, Benth.... 411 119
COMMUNIS, Ends.... 408-410 114
var. domes' tica, Bab. 410 118
var. insitit'ia, Bab. ... 409 117
var. spino'sa, Bab. ... 408 114
domes'tica, Linn 410 118
insitit' ia, Linn 409 117
PA'DUS, Linn 413 123
spino'sa, Linn 408 114
var. coetanea, Syme 115
PSAM'MA
ARENA'RIA, R. & S. ... 1722 51
[Bal'tica, B. & £.] (ex-
cluded) 200
littora'lis, P. de B 1722 51
PSEUDATHYR'IUM
alpes'tre, Newm 1S70 113
flex'ile, Newm 1871 115
P TAP' MICA
vulga'ris, DC 730 59
PTEE'IS
AQUILI'NA, Linn 1S86 145
var. integer'rima,
Moore 146
cris'pa, Linn 1844 44
PUCCINEL'LIA
dis'tans, Pari 1755 104
marit'ima, Pari 1754 102
PULEG'IUM
vulga're, Mill 1041 & 1042 23
PULICA'EIA
dysenter'ica, G'artn 770 102
vulgaris G'artn 771 103
Pulmonaire a feuilles €troites
(Fr.) 92
officinale (Ft.) 93
PULMOXAEIA
ANGUSTIFOLIA, Linn. 1097 91
azu'rea, Bess 1097 91
vii. vii.
vii. vii. vii.
vii. iii.
in. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii.
xn.
xii.
xn. xii.
vn. vii.
vn.
vii.
INDEX.
299
PLATE PAGE VOL.
PULMONA'EIA
maritfvma, Linn 1099 93
OFFICINALIS, Linn. ... 1098 92
tubero'sa, Schrank 92
PULSATILLA
vulga'ris, Mill 9 10
Punktirter Friedlos (Ger.) 147
Purging Buckthorn 318 227
Flax 289 181
Purgir-Lein (Ger.) 181
Purpurblauer Steinsame (Ger.) 95
Purpurrothe Fetthenne (Ger.) 50
Taubnessel (Ger.) 73
Purpurrothes Knabenkraut (Ger.) 94
Purpur Weide (Ger.) 219
Purslane, Sea 239 106
1208 37
Water- 493 5
Pyramidenformige Hundswurz
(Ger.) 92
Pyramidenformiger G tinsel (Ger. ) 79
Pyrenaischer Kranichschnabel
(Ger.) 197
PYBETH'BUM
inodtfywm, Sm 717 & 718 46
[macrophyl'lum, Willd.]
(excluded) 216
marit'imum, Sm 718 46
Parthen'ium, Sua 715 43
PY'KOLA
marit'ima, Ken 896 47
. ME'DIA, Sw 897 48
MI'NOR, Linn 898 49
ro'sea, Sm 898 49
EOTUNDIFO'LIA, Linn.
895 & 896 46
var. arena'ria, Koch. . . 896 47
. var. bractea'ta, Hook.
&Arn 896 47
SECUN'DA, Linn 899 50
UNIFLO'RA, Linn 900 51
Pyrole a feuittes rondes (Fr.) 48
a style court (Ft.) 50
uniflore (Fr.) 52
unilateral (Fr.) 51
PY'EUS
acer'ba,DC. 489 255
Ach'ras, Boreau 488 (Fig. 2) 252
A'RIA, Hook 4S2-485 242
Ehrh. (in part) 482 243
Ehrh. (in part) 483 244
var. J3, Hook. & Arn. 485 247
var. 7, Hook. & Arn. 484 245
AUCUP A'RIA, Giirtn. ... 486 248
COMMUNIS, Linn 488 251
pyras'ter, Linn 251
DOMES'TICA, Sm 487 250
eu-A'ria, Syme 482 243
fen'nica, Bab 485 247
Vll.
vii. vii.
i.
vii. ii. ii.
IV.
vii.
ix. viii.
ii. viii.
iv.
VI.
vi.
VI.
vi. vi. vi. vi.
vi.
iii. iii.
PLATE PAOB
PY'EUS
interme'dia, " Ehrh." Lindl. 484 245
MA/LUS, Linn. ... 489 & 490 255
DC 490 256
var. acer'ba, Bab. ... 489 255
var. ac'ida, Wallr. ... 489 255
var. gla'bra, Koch . . . 489 255
var. mi't is, Wallr. ... 490 256
var. sati'va, Leight.... 490 256
var. sylces'tris, Leight. 489 255
var. tormento'sa, Koch 490 256
mi'tis, Syme 490 256
pinnatif'ida, " Ehrh."
Lindl 485 247
[ "Ehrh." Smith, in 247}
part] (excluded) 261/
Pyras'ter, Boreau ... 488 (Fig. 1) 251
rupic'ola, Syme 483 244
scan'dica, Bab 484 245
[semipinna'ta, BotK] (ex-
cluded) 261
TORMINA'LIS, Ehrh. ... 481 241
P yr us pommier (Ft.)... 256
Quaking-grass, Common 1774
Small 1775
Queen-of-the-Meadow 415
Queen's Gilliflower 103
Quellenranke (Ger.)
QUEL'TIA
fm'tida, Herb 1502
incompara'bilis, Haw 1502
Quendel Seide (Ger.)
Quendelblattriges Sandkraut (Ger.) ...
Querbldttrige Weisswurz (Ger.)
QUEE'CUS
[Cer'ris, Linn.~\ (excluded)
interme'dia, Don
peduncula'ta, Willd 1288
RO'BUR, Linn 1288 & 1289
Sm 1288
Willd 1289
var. sessiliflo'ra,
Hook. & Arn 1289
sessiliflo'ra, Salish 1289
Don 1289
Querlbluthiges Tausendblate (Ger.) ...
Queue de souris (Fr.)
Quillwort, Lake 1826, 1826*, & 1827
Prickly-spored 1827
Spiny 1828
in. iii. iii.
in. iii.
Quintefeuille (Fr.)
Quirlbldttrige (Ger.)
Quirlbliithige Knospelblume (Ger.)
|
131 |
xi. |
|
132 |
xi. |
|
127 |
iii. |
|
151 |
i. |
|
478 |
i. |
|
160 |
ix. |
|
160 |
ix. |
|
91,9c |
vi. |
|
103 |
ii. |
|
177 |
ix. |
|
261 |
viii. |
|
157 |
viii. |
|
145 |
viii. |
|
145 |
viii. |
|
145 |
viii. |
|
157 |
viii. |
|
157 |
viii. |
|
157 |
viii. |
|
157 |
viii. |
|
32 |
iv. |
|
15 |
i. |
|
4,5 |
xii. |
|
7 |
xii. |
|
8 |
XI |
|
149 |
iii. |
|
110 |
iv. |
|
181 |
vii. |
300
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAQE
Rabbit'e-mouth 953 131
EADI'OLA
linoi'des, Gmel 288 179
MILLEGEA'NA, Sm. ... 288 179
Badiole faux-lin (Fr.) 180
Badis sauvage (Fr.) 121
Radish, Great Water 128 182
Sea 82 123
Small Jagged Water ... 127 181
Wild 81 121
Ragged Eobin 212 71
Ragwort, Broad-leaved 757 88
Common 755 85
Great Feu 758 88
■ Hoary 754 84
■ Inelegant 753 83
Marsh 756 87
Rain/am (Ger.) 45
Baiponce en €pi (Fr.) 7
orbiculaire (Fr.) 6
Rampion Bell-flower 872 15
■ Round-headed 864 6
■ Spiked 865 7
Ramsons 1540 219
Banke (Ger.) 143
Bankenbldttriger Baldgreis (Ger.) 84
EANUN'CULUS
A'CRIS, Linn 33 37
Jord 33 38
• Reich 38
■ var. rec'tus, Syme 38
■ var. Steve'ni, Syme 38
var. vulga'tus, Syme 38
[alpes'tris, Linn."], excluded 70
• AQUAT'ILIS, Linn 17-21 19
Auct. Plur 17 & 18 19
■ Benth 15-24 29
— 7, Sm 15 16
8, Sm 16 17
ARYEN'SIS, Linn 38 46
var. iner'mis, Gr. &
Godr 46
AURI'COMUS, Linn 32 36
Bach'ii, Wirtg IS
BAUDOTII, Godr. ... 22 & 23 24
• Gr. &Godr 22 25
■ var. confu'sus, Syme 23 25
■ var. vulga'ris, Syme 22 25
Borcea'uus, Jord 39
BULBO'SUS, Linn 35 41
cazno'sus, Gr. & Godr. et
Auct. Plur 25 28
Guss 26 29
Caleya'nus, Don 41
eaUhmfo'lius, "Bluff." 48
Jord 49
CIRCINATUS, Sib 15 16
confu'sus, Gr. & Godr 23 25
divarica'tus, Schrank 15 16
Droue'tii, Schultz 20 22
VOL.
vi.
VI.
vi. vi. vi. vi. ix.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
EANUN'CULUS
eu-a'cris, Syme 33 38
eu-Fica'ria, Syme 39 47
eu-Flam'niula, Syme 29 33
FICA'RIA, Linn 39 47
Jord 39 48
F. Schultz 39 47
var. calfhiefo'lius, Guss. ... 49
var. diver' gens, Schultz 39 48
var. /8. incum'bens, F.
Schultz 48
ficariaBfor'mis, F. Schultz 49
ficarioi'des, Bor. & Chant 49
filifor'm is, Mich 30 34
FLAM'MULA, Sm. ... 21 & 30 33
Linn, et Auct. Plur. 29 33
0. Auct. Plur 30 34
8, Sm 30 34
var. pseudo-rep'tans,
Syme 34
var. suberec'tus, Syme 34
floribun'dus, Bab 18 20
FLU'ITANS, Lam 16 17
var. Bach'ii, Syme 18
var. peucedanifo'lius,
Syme 16 18
fluviat'ilis, " Wigg.," Wall 16 17
Friesia'nus, Jordan 39
Godro'nii, F. Schultz 24
[gramiu'eus, Linn."], ex-
cluded 70
HEDERA'CEUS, Linn.... 26 29
heterophyl'lus, Bab 19 21
HIRSUTUS, Curt 36 43
LENORMAN'DI, Schultz 25 28
LIN'GUA, Linn 31 35
mari'nus, Fries 26
OPHIOGLOSSIFO'LIUS,
Vill 28 32
PARVIFLO'RUS, Linn. 37 45
par'vulus, L 44
pelta'tus, Fries 17 & 18 19
Bab 17 19
"Schrank," Boreaii 19 21
var. floribun'dus,
Syme 18 20
var. pseudo-flu'itans,
Syme 20
var. vulga'ris, Syme 17 19
peucedanifo'lius, Dest. 16 18
Philono'tis, Ehrh 36 43
pseudo-flu'itans, Newbould 20
ra'dians, Rev 24
rec'tus, " Bauh." Boreau 3S
RE'PENS, Linn 34 40
rep'tans, Linn 30 34
Thuill 34
sar'dous, Crantz 36 43
SCELERA'TUS, Linn. ... 27 31
stagna'lis, Wall 15 16
IXDEX.
PLATB PAGE VOL.
EAXTJN'CULUS
Stev'eni, " Andrz.,'' Boreau 23
trichophyl'lus, Chaix, 21
tri'lobus. Desf.
TRIPARITTUS, DC. ... 24
var. flu'itans, Godr
var. terres'tris, Godr. 24
rulga'tus, Jord
Eanunhel (Ger.)
Rape 88
Eapette couchee (TV.)
BAPHANISTR UM
mar it' i mum, Reich 82
seg'etum, Reich 81
EAPH'ANUS
MARIT'DIUS, Sm. 82
RAPHAXIS'TRUM, Linn. 81
Eapunzel Glockenblume (Ger.)
Basenartiges Vergissmeinnicht
(Ger.)
Bast nsimse (Ger.)
Raspberry 442
Lees' 443
Bauclie Saudistel (Ger.)
Eauhaarige Trespe (Ger.)
Eauhaariger Eibisch (Ger.)
Bauhhaariger Schotenweiderich
(Ger.)
Eauhaariges Harthen (Ger.)
Veilchen (Ger.)
38
23
44
27
27
27
38
17 134 121 v
122 120
122 L
120 i.
12, 15 vi.
98 vii.
56 s.
161 iii.
162 iii. 154 v. 158 xi.
163 ii.
IV.
Bauh- or Sand-Hafer (Ger.)
Bauhe Nellie (Ger.)
Bauher Igellock (Ger.)
Eauschbeere (Ger.)
Reed, Common 1727
Benoncule (Fr.)
afeuiUes de lierre (Fr.)
lulbe use (Fr.)
flammetie (Fr.)
sce'le'rate (Fr.)
Benoue'e afeuiUes de patience (Fr.) ...
amphibie (Fr.)
bistorte (Fr.)
des luissons (Fr.)
des petits oiseaux (Fr.)
— fludte (Fr.)
— liseron (Fr.)
— maritime (Fr.) ....
— persicaire (Fr.)
— poivre d'eau (Fr.)
— sarrasine (Fr.) ....
— iivipare (Fr.) ....
RESEDA
al'ba, Linn 163
LU'TEA. Linn 162
LU'TEOLA, Linn 164
SUFFRUTICULO'SA,
Linn. '. 163
VOL. XII.
11
158 ii.
18 ii.
78 xi.
46 ii.
124 viii.
24 vi.
58 xi. 16-70 i.
30 i.
42 i.
35 i.
32 i.
77 viii.
78 viii.
79 viii.
63 viii.
64 viii.
r iT9
I 73
62 viii.
70 viii. 75 viii.
71 viii. 60 viii. 81 viii.
3 ii 2 ii.
4 ii.
vii . viii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
EESE'DA
unda'ta, Reich 163 3 ii.
Be'se'da gaude (Fr.) 5 ii.
jaune (Fr.) 3 ii.
sauvage (Fr.) 3 ii.
Rest-Harrow, Procumbent 331 18 iii.
Small Spreading 332 19 iii.
Upright 330 16 iii.
EHAM'XUS
CATHARTIC US, Linn. 318 226 ii.
FRAX'GULA, Linn 319 228 ii.
Bhinanthe a grandes flours (Fr.) 182 vi.
a petites fieurs (Fr.) 181 vi.
RHIX AX/THUS
angusHfolius, Gmel 999 181 vi.
CRISTA-GAL'LI, Linn.
998 & 999 180 vi. Sm 998 180 vi.
ma'jor, Ehrh 999 181 vi.
var. ala'tuj, Syme 182 vi.
. var. ap'terus, Fries 182 vi.
var. glabra, F. Schultz 999 181 vi.
mi'nor, Ehrh 998 180 vi,
Beichenbac'hii, Drej 182 vi
RHODTOLA
ro'sea, Linn 525 48
Rbubarb, Monk's 1221 53
EHYXCHOSPOEA
AL'BA, Vahl 1582 46
var. sor'dida, Syme 47
FUS'CA, Bom. & Schult. 1581 45
Ribbon Grass 1697 20
leaved Pondweed 1303 32
EI'BES
ALPI'XOI, Linn 519
GROSSULARIA, Linn. 511
var. glandulo'sum,
Syme 518
var. Uva-cris'pa, Syme 518
NI'GRUM, Linn 523
petrse'um, Sm 521
40 38
38 38
45
44
Wulfen 45
RU'BRUM, Linn 520-522 41
Sm 520 42
var. petrse'um, Auct.
Angl 521 44
var. sati'vum, Reicb.... 520 42
var. spica'tum, Auct.
Angl 522
var. sylves'tre, Bromf. 44
var. sylves'tre, Reich.
521 & 522
sati'vum, Syme 520
sp ica't u m, Robson 522
sylves'tre, Syme 521 & 522
var. Bronjfieldia'num,
Syme
var. Smithia'num,
Syme
R
IV.
viii.
xi. ix.
44
521 44
302
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
EI'BES
TJva-cris'pa, Linn 518 38 iv.
Biesen Schwingel (Gcr.) 156 xi.
./.' ispige Segge (Ger.) 91 x.
Bifforgporn (Ger.) 63 i.
Bivin's Knabenkraut (Gter.) 95 ix.
Kock-brakes 1814 41 xii.
Rock Cress, Alpine 113 165 i.
Bristol 114 166 i.
Fringed 117 167 i.
Hairy 116 167 i.
Hutckinsia 151 210 i.
Rose, Bractless Spotted ... 165 8 ii.
Brewer's Spotted... 166 8 ii.
Common 168 11 ii.
Hoary 167 10 ii.
White 169 11 ii.
Samphire 606 143 iv.
Sedge 1613 82 x.
Spleeuwort, Smooth 1872 117 xii.
Stone-crop 806 59 iv.
White-beam 483 245 iii.
Whitlow Grass 137 194 i.
Rocket Base 162 3 ii.
Great Water 128 182 i.
Intermediate Yellow ... 123 175 i.
London 99 146 i.
Purple Sea 97 118 i.
Reiehenbach's Yellow... 121 173 i.
Small-flowered Yellow 122 174 i.
Small San.l 95 142 i.
Wall 93 140 i.
Water 126 180 i.
Yellow 120 171 i.
Roebuck-berry 440 158 iii.
441 160 iii.
ECEME'EIA
HYB'RIDA, DC. 64 95 i.
Boggen Trespe (Ger.) 166 xi.
BShrige Pferdesaat (Ger.) 125 iv.
Roman Nettle 1280 & 1281 130 viii.
Bomische Kamille (Ger.) 54 v.
BOMULE'A
Colum'we, S. &M 1192 140 ix.
Uomule'e de Columna (Fr.) 141 ix.
Bonce (For.) 158 iii.
bleudtre (Fr.) 197 iii.
com mu ne (Fr.) 163 iii.
. des rochers (Fr.) 160 iii.
frambomer (Fr.) 161 iii.
Eoquettt (Fr.) 171 i.
BOR'IPA
cmphib'ia, Linn., Sin 128 181
nasturtioi'des, Spacta 127 180
rusticu'na, Gr. & Godr. ... 129 183
RO'SA
Andegaven'sis, Bast 219
arvat'ica, Puget '-17
ARVEN'SIS, Buds 476 231
PLATE PAGE VOL.
RO'SA
amen' sis, var. y, Bofcrer 231 iii.
Bake'ri, Deseglise 473 217 iii.
bibractea'ta, Bast 231 iii.
Blond aja'na, Bip 216 iii.
BOR'RERI, Woods 471 214 iii.
trades' cens, Woods 472 220 iii.
var. 0, Woods 221 iii.
cae'sia, Sm 473*218 iii.
Borrer (in part) 223 iii.
canes'cens, Baker 222 iii.
canina, De'seglise 226 iii.
Linn 472-471 215 iii.
Woods 226 iii.
var. 7, Woods 219 iii.
[cinnamo'mia, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded) 261 iii.
celera'ta, Baker 220 iii.
colli' na, Sm 475 230 iii.
0, Woods 474 225 iii
— — cordifo'Lia, Baker 205 iii.
coriifo'lia, Fries 472 220 iii
corona'ta, Crepin 465 207 iii
Crepinia'na, Deseglise 222 iii
CRYPTOPO'DA, Baker 212 iii
[Dickso'ni, IAndl.~] (ex-
cluded) 201 iii,
Donia'na, Woods 465 207 iii
duma'lis, Bechst 225 iii
dumeto'rum, " 27/ uill." Woods ... 223 iii.
Sm 471 214 iii,
eu-hiber'nica, Baker 463 205 iii
Forste'ri, Sm 474 225 iii
gla'bra, Baker 205 iii.
grac'ilis, Woods 207 iii
HIBER'NICA, Sm 463 205 iii
inodo'ra, Borrer 471 214 iii
involu'ta, Sm 207 iii
JUNDZILLIA'NA, Besser 213 iii
[In'cida, Ehrh."] (excluded) 261 iii
lutetia'na, Lem 226 iii
MICRANTHA, Sm 469 211 iii
mollis, Sm 466 208 hi
MOLLIS'SIMA, Fries ... 466 208 iii
platyphyl'la, Bait 224 iii
platyphylloi'des, Bip 225 iii
[pomif'era, Eerm.] (ex- J209,-! ^
eluded) l~';1i
pruiuo'sa, Baker 223 iii
re'pens, Scop 476 231 iii
Robertso'ni, Baker 207 iii
RUBELLA, Sm 462 204 iii
RUBIGINO'SA. Linn. ... 46S 210 iii
SABrNI(TFooc7s).BaA-er 465 206 iii
Woods 207 iii
sarmenta'cea, Woods 225 iii
scalrius'cula, Sm 209 iii
SE'PIUM, Thuill. (Lindley)
470 212 iii SPINOSIS'SIMA, Linn. 461 203 iii
INDEX.
30;
PLATE TAGE VOL.
ROSA
subcrista'ta, Baker
wHbglobo'sOi Sm
SYSTYLA, Woods 475
tomentel'la, Bern
TOMENTCSA, Sm 467
var. 7. Woods
uncinei'la. Bess
ur'bica, Leman 474
verticillacan'tlia. Mer. ?
vina'eea. Baker
oiUo'sa, Auct. Angl 466
WILSU'XI, Borrer 464
Wutoo'ni, Baker
Rose-Bay 495 & 496
Borrer's 471
Common Burnet 461
Guelder 639
Corn 58
Dog 474
Downy-leaved 467
flowered Bramble
Irish Burnet 463
Jundzil's
of Heaven 212
Red-fruited Burnet 462
root 525
Sabine's 465
Short-pedicelled
Soft-leaved 466
White-flowered Trailing... 576
Wild 1383
Willow, var. 7 1321
"WiLson's 464
Rose de Jundzil (Fr.)
dee haies (Fr.)
Roseau commun (Fr.)
Rosemary- Wild 1383
Roeenformige Sckmiele (Ger.)
Rosenrother Schoh nweiderich (Ger.)...
Rosenwurz (Ger.)
Rosier a cotonne en massue (Fr.)
afeuilles odorantes (Fr.)
cotonneux (Fr.) .
des champs (Fr.)
dglantier (Fr.)
tres etpmeux (Fr.)
vein (Fr.)
Rosmarinbldttrige Weide (Ger.)
Rusmu rinblattrige r Schoten we u It- rich (Ger.)
RossoUs it ft a ittes ora les (Fr. )
rondes (Fr.)
a longues feuiUes (Fr.)
Roth Bueke (Ger.)
A7- • (Ger.) ,
Rothbeerigt Zannrube (Ger.)
Rothbluthiger Augentrost (Ger.)
Rothbrauni r Kranichschnabel (Ger.) .. Rothe (Gei.)
111. iii. iii.
111. iii.
111. iii. iv. iii. iii. iv. i. iii. iii. iii. iii.
111. iv.
in. vi.
221
209
230
217
208
321
224
225
219
218
208
206
221
10
215
204
203
S8
226
209
1S2
206
214
71
205
49
207
213
208
282
31
222 viii.
206 iii.
214 iii.
212 iii.
59 si.
31 vi.
65 xi.
15 iv.
49 iv.
231 iii. 210 iii. 209 iii.
232 ii. 226 iii. 204 iii. 208 iii. 250 viii.
7 iv.
33 ii.
31 ii.
33 ii.
1G5 viii.
39 iii.
36 iv.
175 vi.
, 193 ii.
212 iv.
11.
ii.
iv. viii.
vi. viii.
xi.
|
189 |
XI |
|
189 |
XI |
|
52 |
i |
|
32 |
xii |
|
8 |
ix |
|
6 |
ix |
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Rothe Cornelle, or Bartriegel (Ger.) ... 187 iv.
Jobannisbeert (Ger.) 42 iv.
LwhtneJke (Ger.) 70
Sekuppenmiere (Ger.) 129
Sporriblume (Ger.) 234
Weide(Ger.] 222
Rotht-r Fingerhui (Ger ) 127
Ganstfiiss (Ger.) 23
Seb icingel (Ger ) 148
Bathes ZumbeOcraut (Ger.) 128
Bothgelber Fuchsseltwanz (Ger.) 24
Rothliche Sommerwurz (Ger.) 195
Rothliches 8a.mkra.ut (Ger.) 31
BOTTBOEL'LIA
jilifor'mis, Roth 1818
incurva'ta, Sm 1818
Bout. Meadow 41
Royal Fern 1838
Bubanier flottant (Fr.)
rameux (Fr.)
simple (Ft.) 7 ix.
Ruben Kohl (Ger.) 134,136 i.
Rvbenstengelige Sommerwurz (Ger.) ... 194 iv.
RU'BIA
PEREGRI'XA, Linn. ... 645 211 iv.
RU'BUS
affi'nis, W. & N. 167 iii.
althfeifo'lius, Host 193 iii.
— amplifica'tus, Lees 178 iii,
— cq.icula'tvs, W. ? 184 iii
— [ar'cticus, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 260 iii.
— Babingto'nii, Bell Salt 182 iii
— Balfouria'nus, BJox 192 iii
— BtVoYdi.W 454 191 iii
— Bloxa'mi, Lees 180 iii
— Bor'reri, BellSalt 179 iii
— effi'sius, Linn 456 195 iii
var.ogrres'tfs.W.&N 195 iii
var. aqua'ticus, W. & X — 195
var. his'jjidus, Bab 196
var. iidermi'dius. Bab 196
111. iii.
var. uhuifo'Uus, Bab 196
calca'tus, Blox 175
175
449 173
440 158
174
168
455 192 193
carpinifo'lius, W. & X. ...
earpinifo'lius, Borrer
OHAMJEJN >'l; US. Linn.
Coleman'ni, Bab
cordifo'lius, Y\ . & X
corvlifolius, Sm
var. conjurigt us, Bab.
111. iii.
111. iii. iii.
var. purpu'reus, Bab 193
dis'color, W. & N 447 171
diver-it ''Hus, Liiid i^i
dumeto'rum, Blox 194
fis'sus, Lind 165
folio'sns, W. 190
FKUTICO'SUS, Linn. 445-456 162
Sm 447 171
fosco-a'ter, W. 186
304
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATB PAGK
KU'BUS
fusco-a'ter, Bab. (olim) 187
var. £. Coleman' ni, Bab. ... 174
fus'cus, Lees 191
glandulo'sus, Bellard 454 190
Grabow'skii, W. 449 173
Gun'theri, W. 188
hir'tus, W. & K 191
var. a, Bab. (olim) 189
var. 0. Men'Jiii, Bab.
(olim) 182
var. y, Bab. (olim) 190
humifu'sus, W. 189
Hys'trix, W. 181
IDM'US, Linn 442 160
imbrica'tus, Hort 170
incurva'tus, Bab 169
Kok'leri, W. 453 185
var. infes'tus, Bab 186
latifo'lius, Bab 170
LEES'II, Bab 443 161
Leighto'nii, Lees 184
Lejeun'ii. TV. & N 187
lentigino'sus, Lees 167
leucosta'chys, Sm 448 172
Lindleia'nus, Lees 168
macroariihus, Blox 172
ruacropkyl'lus, TV. 450 177
var. glabra' tus, Bab 178
mucrona'tus, Blox 451 178
mucronula'tus, Boreau ... 451 178
nemoro'sus, var. 8. fe'rox,
Leight 194
niti'dus, Bell Salt 168
pal'lidus,'W 186
pampino'stis, Bab 176
plica'tus, TV. & N. 445 166
pseudo-Idie'us, Lej 196
pygmse'us, W. 182
pyramida'lis, Bab 188
Rad'ula, TV. 452 184
var. denticula'tus,
Sab 184
rhamnifo'lius, TV. & N. ... 446 168
rosa'ceus, TV. 181
rubic'olor, Blox 180
ru'dis, W. 183
var. microphyl'lus,
Blox 1S3
Sal'teri, Bab 174
Sal'teri, Bab. (olim) 175
SAXAT'ILIS, Linn 441 159
sca'ber, TV. 182
ScMechtendal'u, W. & N 177
Sprenge'lii, II'. 179
suberec'tus, Anders 444 164
sublus'tris, Lees 193
ten'uis, Bell Salt 196
■ thyrsoi'deuB, Wimm 172
■ [tomento'sus, Borh.] (excl.) 261
111. iii.
111. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii.
111. iii.
111. iii.
111. iii.
iii.
111. iii. iii. iii. iii. iii.
PLATE
KU'BUS
tubercula'tus, Bab
umbro'sus, Arrb
vesti'tus, W. & N
villicau'lis, TV. & N.
vjdga'ris, Lindl
Wahlberg'ii, Arrh
Bell Salt
P. glabra'tus, Bell
Salt
Rue, Alpine Meadow 2
Koch's Meadow 6
leaved Saxifrage 552
Lesser Meadow, var. o. var. £.
3
4 7 1880 8 5
— Stone Meadow ,
— Wall
— Yellow Meadow ,
Zigzag Meadow
Rue des pre's (Fr.)
Ruhr Flohkraut (Ger.)
Riihrb irne (Ger.)
EU'MEX
ACETO'SA, Linn 1223
ACETOSEL'LA, Linn.... 1224
acu'tus, Fries 1216
Sm 1210
ALITNUS, imn 1221
aquat'icus, Hook 1219
Sm 1220
confer'tus, "Willd 1217
CONGLOMERATES,
Murr 1210
CONSPER'SUS, Hartm. 1217
cordifo'lius, Hornem
CRISTUS, Linn 1218
crista'tus, Wallr 1216
dig'ynus, Linn 1225
divarica'tus, Fries 1215
DOMES'TICUS, Hartm, 1219
Fries' ii, Gren. & Godr. ... 1215
[Hispan'icus, Koch'] (excluded)
HYDROLAP'ATHUM,
Euds 1220
Umo'sus, Thuil 1213
longifo'li 'us, DC 1219
marit'imus, Hoffm 1213
MARIT'IMUS, Linn, 1212
[max'imus, Schreb.'] (excluded)
nemolap'athum, DC 1211
Wallr 1211
nemoro'sus, Meyer 1211
Schrad 1211
OBTUSIFO'LIUS, Auct. 1215
PALUS'TRIS, Sm 1213
PRATEN'SIS, Mert. & Koch.
1216
PUL'CHEB, Linn 1214
[rupes'tris, Le Gall.'] (excluded)
|
PAGE |
vol. |
|
194 |
iii. |
|
177 |
iii. |
|
173 |
iii. |
|
176 |
iii. |
|
176 |
iii. |
|
193 |
iii. |
|
193 |
iii. |
|
193 |
iii. |
|
4 |
i. |
|
7 |
i. |
|
75 |
iv. |
|
5 |
i. |
|
5 |
i. |
|
8 |
i. |
|
135 |
xii. |
|
10 |
i. |
|
6 |
i. |
|
4 |
i. |
|
103 |
v. |
|
242 |
iii. |
|
54 |
viii. |
|
56 |
viii. |
|
47 |
viii. |
|
40 |
viii. |
|
53 |
viii. |
|
50 |
viii. |
|
51 |
vm. |
|
4S |
viii. |
|
40 |
viii. |
|
48 |
viii. |
|
49 |
viii. |
|
49 |
viii. |
|
47 |
viii. |
|
57 |
viii. |
|
46 |
viii. |
|
50 |
viii. |
|
46 |
viii. |
|
SI |
viii. |
|
51 |
viii. |
|
43 |
viii. |
|
50 |
viii. |
|
43 |
viii. |
|
42 |
viii. |
|
286 |
viii. |
|
41 |
viii. |
|
41 |
viii. |
|
41 |
viii. |
|
41 |
viii. |
|
46 |
viii. |
|
43 |
viii. |
|
47 |
viii. |
|
44 |
viii. |
|
81 |
viii. |
INDEX.
305
PLATE PAGE VOL.
RU'MEX
SANGUINEUS, Koch.... 1211 41 viii.
Linn 42 viii.
var. vir'idis, Koch ... 1211 41 viii.
SCUTA'TUS, Linn 1222 54 viii.
Steiriii, Beck 1213 43 viii.
sylves'tris, Wallr 47 viii.
vir'idis, Sibth 1211 41 viii.
Bundbldttrige Glockenblume (Ger.) 13 vi.
Kdsepappel (Ger. ) 170 ii-
Minze (Ger.) 4 vii.
Bundblattriger Friedlos (Ger ) 149 vii.
. Kranichschnabel
(Ger.) 200 ii.
Sonnenthau (Ger.) 31 ii.
Bundbldltriges Hasenbhrchen (Ger.) ... 120 iv.
Winter grii ii (Ger.) 48 vi.
Bunder Lauch (Ger.) 206 ix.
Bundhdpfiger Lauch (Ger.) 209 ix.
Teufehkrallen (Ger.) ... 6 vi.
Bundliche Segge (Ger.) 89 x.
EUP'PIA
Greater 1427 59 ix.
Lesser 1428 60 ix.
marit'ima, Auct. PI 1427 58 ix.
MARIT'IMA, Linn. 1427, 1428 58 ix.
var. o, Hook. & Am. 1427 58 ix.
var. /3, Hook. & Am. 1428 59 ix.
rostella'ta, Koch 1428 59 ix.
spira'lis, Hartm 1427 58 ix.
Buppie maritime (Fr.) 59 ix.
Buprechts Kraut (Ger.) 205 ii.
Rupturewort, Ciliated 1152 180 vii.
Glabrous 1171 178 vii.
RUS'CUS
ACULEA'TUS, Linn. ... 1516 184 ix.
Rush, Blunt-flowered 1564 28 x.
Capitate 1571 34 x.
— Clustered 1555 15 x.
Common 1560 20 x.
Diffuse 1562 25 x.
Dutch 1894 162 xii.
Greater, Sea 1558 18 x.
Hard 1563 26 x.
Heath 1576 39 x.
Lesser Jointed 1270 33 x.
Sea 1559 19 x.
Mud 1574 37 x.
Northern 1564 27 x.
Round-fruited 1575 38 x.
Sharp-flowered 1567 30 x.
Shiny-fruited 1568 32 x.
Soft 1561 21 x.
Thread 1565 27 x.
Three-flowered 1556 16 x.
leaved 1554 14 x.
Toad, var. a 1572 36 x,
var. 0 1573 36 x
Two-flowered... 1557 17 x
Buster (Ger.) 139 viii
— ' PLATE PAGE VOL
Busterbldttrige Linde (Fr.) 174,177 ii.
Rye Brome-grass 1800 & 1801 166 xi.
Rye-grass, Common 1814 186 xi.
Italian 1815 187 xi.
Saat Wucherblume (Ger.) 40 v.
Wiclce (Ger.) 96 iii.
Subline afeuilles de serpolet (Fr.) 103 ii.
• ciliee (Fr.) 105 ii.
trinerve'e (Fr.) 101 ii.
Sabot de la Vierge (Fr.) 136 ix.
SABULI'NA
cxspito'sa, Reich 109 ii.
Gerar'di, Reich 109 ii.
tenuifo'lia, Reich 243 112 ii.
ver'na, Reich 241 109 ii.
visco'sa, Reich 114 ii.
Saffron Meadow 1544 225 ix.
Spring-floweriug 1545 225 ix.
Saf ran printanier (Fr.) 154 ix.
Sagesse des chirurgiens (Fr.) 145 i.
SAGI'NA
ambig'ua, Lloyd 119 ii.
APET'ALA, L//t« 246 118 ii.
cerastoi'des, Smith 218 78 ii.
CILIATA, Fries 247 119 ii.
deb'ilis, Jord 117 ii.
den'sa, Jord 117
depres'sa, Schultz 119 ii.
erec'ta, Linn 217 77 ii.
filicav! 'lis, Jord 119
Linnx'i, Benth 249 & 250
Presl 249
MARIT'IMA, Don 245
Jord 245
var. alpi'na, Syme
var. deb'ilis, Syme
var. den'sa, Syme
NIVA'LIS, Fries 250 (bis) 124
NODO'SA, E. Meyer 251 125
pat'ula, Jord 119
PROCUM'BENS, Linn. 248 120
SAXATTLIS, Wimm. ... 249 122
striata, Fries 245 117
SUBULA'TA, Wimm. ... 250 122
/3. nivalis, Hook. &
Am 250 (bis) 124
Sagine ape'tale (Fr.) 119
couchee (Fr.) 121
- maritime (Y v.) 118
Sagittaire fleche d'eau (Fr.) 69
SAGITTA'RIA
SAGITTIFO'LIA, Linn. 1436
Sainfoin Vesparcet (Fr.)
Saint Dabeoc's Heath 885
Saintfoin 381
Salad Burnet, Common 409
Muiicated 420
|
119 |
ii |
|
123 |
ii |
|
122 |
ii |
|
117 |
ii |
|
117 |
ii |
|
117 |
ii |
|
117 |
ii |
|
117 |
ii |
|
6S |
ix. |
|
82 |
iii. |
|
34 |
vi. |
|
32 |
iii. |
|
134 |
iii. |
|
136 |
iii. |
306
ENGLISH BOTANY
Salicaire afeuilles d'hyssope (Fr.) ,
commune (Fr.)
Salicorne herbacee (Fr.) ,
radicante (Fr.)
SALICOR'NIA
annua, Sm 1181
fruticv'sa, Sm 1183
HERBA'CEA,I/»m. 1181 & 1182
herba'cea, var. Benth 1183
var. aceta'ria, Moq.... 1181
var. procum'bens,
Syme 1182
procum'bens, Sm 1182
RADI'CANS, Sm 1183
SA'LIX
ACUMINATA, Sm 1326
var. rugo'sa, Sm
ACUTIFO'LIA, Wffld. ... 13G6
AL'BA,L//iK 1309-1311
Sm 1039
var. a, Sm 1039
var. cseru'lea, Syme... 1310
var. vir'idis, Wahl — 130S
var. vitelli'na, Koch. 1311
AMBIG'UA, Ehrh 1355
var. ma'jor, Syme
var. spathula'ta, Syme
var. undula'ta, Syme
amygdali'na, Linu 1315
Anderson' iana, Sm 1351
angnstifo'lia, Wulf 1361
aquaifica, Sm 1328
ARBUS'CULA, Linn.
1371-1374
Sm 1364
var. carina'ta, Syme 1371
var. pruuifo'lia, Syme 1372
var. vaccinifo'lia,
Syme 1374
var. venulo'sa, Syme 1373
arena'ria, Linu., Hook. &
Am 1368-1370
Sm 1368
argen'tea, Linn 1362
asceu'dens, Sm 1359
AURl'TA, Linn 1330
var. mi'nor, Syme
an ri'ta-re' pens, Wimm. ... 1355
hi' color, Hook 1354 (bis)
Sm 1333
Borreria'na, Sm 1314
easru'lea, Sm 1310
Ccdoden'dron, Wimm 1326
CAPRE'A, Linn.... 1331 & 1332
Sm 1331
caprefa-cine'rea, Wimm. ... 1328
capre'a-dasycla'dos, Wimm. 1326
■ capre'a vimina'lis, Wimm. 1324
capre'a- Wt ig< Ko'na,Wimm. 1333
PAGE VOL.
4 iv.
3 iv.
7 viii.
8 viii.
6 viii.
7 viii.
6 viii.
7 viii. 6 viii.
6 viii.
6 viii.
7 viii.
229 viii.
228 viii.
250 viii.
210 viii.
211 viii. 211 viii. 211 viii. 207 viii. 211 viii.
214 viii. 245 viii. 245 viii. 245 viii. 216 viii. 242 viii. 249 viii.
231 viii.
254 viii.
249 viii.
254 viii.
255 viii.
255 viii. 255 viii.
252 viii.
252 viii.
218 viii.
217 viii.
232 viii.
233 viii.
215 viii. 213 viii. 235 viii. 239 viii. 211 viii. 229 viii.
233 viii.
234 viii. 231 viii. 229 viii. 226 viii.
235 viii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
SA'LIX
eaprea, var. spliacela'ta,
Syme 1332 234 viii.
carina'ta, Sm 1371 251 viii.
CINE'BBA, Linn 1327-1329 230 viii.
Sm 1327 231 viii.
var. aquat'ica, Syme 1328 231 viii.
var. latifo'lia, Anders. 1328 231 viii.
var. oleifo'lia, Syme 1329 231 viii.
dn'erea-vimina'lis, Wimm. 1325 228 viii.
contor'ta, Crowe 216 viii.
cotonifo'lia, Sm 1318 212 viii.
Growea'na, Sm 1338 23S viii.
CUSPIDA'TA, Schuttz.
1304 & 1305 204 viii.
Damasce'na, Forbes 1352 243 viii.
dasycla'dos, Anders 1326 229 viii.
[ Wimm.] (excluded) 262 viii.
DavaUia'na, Sm 1335 238 viii.
deeip'iens, Hoffm 1307 207 viii.
Dicksonia'na, Sm 1339 238 viii.
DONIA'NA, Sm 1365 219 viii.
FERRUUIN'EA, Anders. 1325 228 viii.
Borrer 1325 228 viii.
var. rugo'sa. Syme 228 viii.
fis'sa, Hoffm 1320 221 viii.
floribun'da, Forbes ...1354 (bis) 243 viii.
fat'tida, var. asceu'dens, Sm. 1359 217 viii.
var. parvifo'lia, Sm. 1360 247 viii.
Forbya'na, Sm. 1321 221 viii.
Forsteria'na, Sm 1349 242 viii.
FRAG'ILIS, Linn. 1306 & 1307 205 viii.
Sm 1306 206 viii.
var. deeip'iens, Syme 1307 206 viii.
var. Russettia'na,
Hook. & Arn 1308 207 viii.
frag'ilis-al'ba, Wimm 1308 207 viii.
[Friesia'na, Anders.'] (ex-
cluded) 250 viii.
fus'ca, Hook. & Arn.
1356-1362 216 viii. Linn 1357 216 viii.
glau'ca,Sm 1370 253 viii.
GRA'HAMI, Baker 1377 257 viii.
[grandifo'lia, Ser.] (ex-
eluded) 262 viii.
[hasta'ta, Linn.] (excluded) 262 viii.
Ue'i;x,Sm 1319 221 viii.
HERBA'CEA, Linn 1378 259 viii.
Mppophaifo'lia, Thuill 211 viii.
Mr'ta,Sm 1354 243 viii.
Hoffmannia'na, Sm 1314 215 viii.
hohseridea, Hook 228 viii.
incuba'cea, Liun 1361 247 viii.
Lambertia'na, Sm 130S 218 viii.
LANA'TA, Linn 1367 251 viii.
lanceola'ta, Sm 1312 213 viii.
LAPPO'NUM, Linn. 1368-1370 252 viii.
var. picudo-glau'ca,
Syme 1370 253 viii.
INDEX.
307
PLATE PAGE VOL.
253 viii.
235 viii.
239 viii.
240 viii.
239 viii.
239 viii. 255 viii. 238 viii.
240 viii.
SA'LIX
Lappo'num, var. Stuartia'na,
Syme 1369
LAURI'NA, Sm 1333
var. propin'qua, Bab. 1342
var. tenuifo'lia, Hook.
& Am 1346
var. tenu'ior, Hook.
&Arn 1340
lax/Jlo'ra, Anders 1341
Uv'ida, Sm 1374
Wimm 1336
Maia'lis, Wimm 1346
[malifo'lia, Sm.] (ex-
cluded) 262 viii.
Meyeria'na, Willd.
1304 & 1305 204 viii.
mollis'sima, Ehrh 214 viii.
Sm 1324 226 viii.
MYESINI'TES, Linn.
1375 & 1376 256 viii.
Sm 1375 256 viii.
var. arbutifo'lia, Syme 257 viii.
var. procum'bens,
Syme 1376 257 viii
var. serra'ta, Syme ... 1375
myrtilloi'des, Sm 1339
NIG'RICANS, Fries.
1347-1354 (bis)
Sm 1347
var. Andersonia'na,
Syme 1351
var. cotinifo'lia, Syme 1348 242 viii.
var. damasce'na, Sijme 1352 243 viii.
var. floribun'da, Syme
1354 (Ms) 243 viii.
var. Eorsteria'na, Syme 1349 242 viii.
var. hir'ta, Syme 1354 243 viii.
var. petraj'a, Syme ... 1353 243 viii.
var. propin'qua, Hook.
& Arn 1342
var. rupes'tris, Syme 1350
nig'ricans- Weigelia'na,
Wimm 1343
ni'tens, Anders 1337
oleifo'lia, Sm 1329
parvifolia, Sm 1360
pentan'dra. Dc Bray 1303
PENTAN'DRA. Linn. ... 1303
pentan'dra-frag'ilis^imra.
1304 & 1305
[petiola'ris, Sm.] (excluded) ...
petrx'a, Anders 1353
phillyreifo'lia, Borrer 1345
PHYLICIFO'LIA, " Linn."
Fries 1334-1346
Sm 1334
var. 0, Linn. ... 1347-1354
var. Borrer ia'na, Syme 1344
var. Crowea'na, Sijme 1338 23S viii
256 viii.
238 viii.
241 viii.
242 viii.
242 viii.
238 viii.
238 viii.
239 viii. 238 viii.
239 viii. 237 viii.
239 viii. 242 viii.
239 viii. 238 viii. 231 viii. 247 viii. 202 viii. 202 viii.
204 viii.
262 viii.
243 viii.
240 viii.
237 viii.
237 viii.
241 viii. 239 viii.
239 viii.
247 viii.
250 viii.
255 viii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
SA'LIX
phylicifo'lia, var. Davallia'na,
Syme 1335
var. Dicksonia'na,
Syme 1339
var. laxiflo'ra, Syme 1341
var. nit'ens, Syme ... 1337
var. phillyreifo'lia,
Syme 1345 240 viii
var. propin'qua, Syme 1342
var. radi'cans, Syme 1334
var. tenuifo'lia, Syme 1346 240 viii.
var. tenu'ior, Syme... 1340 239 viii.
var. tet'rapla, Syme... 1343 239 viii.
var. Weigelia'na, Syme 1336 238 viii.
nig'ricans,\\ imm..... 1343 239 viii.
polyan'dra, De Bray 1303 202 viii.
IPontedera'na, Willd.] (ex-
cluded) 262 viii.
procum'bens, Forbes 1376 257 viii.
propin'qua, Borrer 1342
prostra'ta, Sm 1358
pruino'sa, Wendl 1366
prunifo'lia, Sm 1372
PURPUREA, Linn. 1316-1318 217 viii.
Sm 1316 217 viii.
var. Helix, Bab 1319 221 viii.
var. Lambertia'na,
Syme 1318' 218 viii.
var. seric'ea, Reich. 1365 219 viii.
var. Woolgaria'na,
Syme 1317 218 viii.
radi'cans, Sm 1334 237 viii.
ramuh'sa, Borrer 1307 218 viii.
RE'PENS, Auct 1356-1362 246 viii.
Linn 1356 246 viii.
var. argen'tea, Syme 13tj2 248 viii.
var. ascen'dens, Syme 1359 247 viii.
var. fus'ca, Syme 1357 246 viii.
var. ineuba'cea, Syme 1361 247 viii.
. var. parvifo'lia, Syme 1360 247 viii.
var. prostra'ta, Syme 1358 247 viii.
_ var. rosmarinifo'lia,
Wimm 1363 248 viii.
re' pens-pur pu'rea, Wimm. 1305 219 viii.
RETICULATA, Linn. ... 1379 260 viii.
[retu'sa, Linn.'] (excluded) 263 viii.
ROSMARINIFO'LIA,
Linn 1363 & 1364 248 viii.
Sm 1363 249 viii.
var. angustifo'lia,
Syme 1364 249 viii.
RU'BRA, Huds 1319-1321 220 viii.
Sm 1320 221 viii.
var. Forbya'na, Syme 1321 221 viii.
var. He'lixy Syme ...1319 221 viii.
rugo'sa, Leefe 228 viii.
rupes'tris, Sm 1350 242 vm.
Bussellia'na, Sm 1308 207 viii.
SiUsi'acat Wimm 1332 234 via.
308
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE
SA'LIX
SMITHIA'NA, Willd. ... 1324
var. a, Bab 1324
var. ferriigi'nea, Bab. 1325
var. rugo'sa, Bab
var. stipula'ris, Syme
spathula'ta, "Willd
sphaeela'ta, Sm 1332
stipula'ris, Anders
STIPULA'RIS, Sm 1323
Stuartia'na, Sm 13G9
tenuifo'lia, Sm 1346
'Sm. E. B 1354 (bis)
tenn'inr, Borrer 1340
. tetfrapla, Walker 1343
Trevira'ni, Spreng
TRIAN'DRA, Koch 1313-1315
Linn 1313
var. amygdali'na,
|
226 |
viii. |
|
226 |
viii. |
|
228 |
viii. |
|
228 |
viii. |
|
227 |
viii. |
|
245 |
viii. |
|
234 |
viii. |
|
227 |
viii. |
|
225 |
viii. |
|
253 |
viii. |
|
240 |
viii. |
|
243 |
viii. |
|
239 |
viii. |
|
239 |
viii. |
|
214 |
viii. |
|
215 |
viii. |
|
215 |
viii. |
Syme
var. Hofi'niannia'na,
Syme 1314
trian'dra-al'ba, Wimm. ... 1312
trian'dra-vimina'lis, var.
undulata 1312
UNDULA'TA, Ehrh 1312
■ vaccinifo'lia, Walk. & Sm. 1374
renulo'sa, Sm 1373
versifo'lia, Sm 1355
YIMLNA'LIS, Linn 1322
var. intrica'ta, Leefe
vimina'lis-dasycla'dos,
Wimm 1323
vim ina'lis-purpu'rea,
Wimm. 1319-1321
[vimina'lis-re'pens, Lascb.]
(excluded)
viola'cea, Andrs 1366
YIR'IDIS, Fries 1308
ritelli'na, Linn 1311
Weigelia'na, Borrer 1336
Willd 1334-1346
Woolgaria'na, Borr 1307
Wulfenia'na, Sm 1336
Sallow, Ambiguous 1355
Common, var. a 1327-1329
Dark-leaved ... 1347-1354 Qni
Great, var. a 1331 & 1332
Intermediate 1333
■ Long-leaved 1326
Tea-leaved 1334-1346
. Wrinkled-leaved 1330
Salomonssiegel (Ger.)
Salsifis afeuilles de poireau (Fr.)
des pre's (Fr.)
Salsify 801
SAL'SOLA
frutiro'sa, Linn 1178
KA'LI, Linn 1180
Saltwort, Black 1150
1315 216 viii.
|
215 |
viii. |
|
213 |
viii. |
|
213 |
viii. |
|
213 |
viii. |
|
255 |
viii. |
|
255 |
viii. |
|
245 |
viii |
|
223 |
viii. |
|
224 |
viii |
225 viii.
220 viii.
|
250 |
Vlll. |
|
250 |
viii. |
|
207 |
viii. |
|
211 |
viii. |
|
238 |
viii. |
|
237 |
viii. |
|
218 |
viii. |
|
238 |
viii. |
|
246 |
viii. |
|
231 |
viii. |
|
243 |
viii. |
|
234 |
viii. |
|
237 |
viii. |
|
230 |
viii. |
|
241 |
viii. |
|
233 |
viii |
|
180 |
ix |
|
141 |
V |
|
140 |
V |
|
141 |
V |
2
4
154
Vlll.
viii. viii
TLATE PAGE VOL.
Saltwort, Prickly 1180 5 viii.
Saheibldttriger Gamander (Ger.) 86 vii.
SAL'VIA
CLANDESTI'NA,
Xmrc. (?) 1057 43 vii.
horminoi'des, Pour 1057 43 vii.
midtifida, Sibth. & Sm.... 1057 43 vii.
pallid iflo'ra, St. Amans ... 1057 43 vii.
prx'cox, Savi 1C57 43 vii.
PRATEN'SIS, Linn 1058 44 vii.
YERBENA'CA. Linn. ... 1056 42 vii.
var. midtifida, Yis. 1057 43 vii.
var. sinua'ta, Yis. ... 1056 42 vii.
Sahburgischer Ganserich (Ger.) 145 iii.
Salz-Schuppenmiere (Ger.) 131 ii.
SAMBU'CUS
EB'ULUS, Linn 638 201 iv.
NI'GRA, Linn 637 199 iv.
var. lacinia'ta, Syme 199 iv.
var. rotuudifo'lia,
DC. 199 iv.
SAM'OLUS
YALERAN'DI, Linn. ... 1151 155 vii.
Samphire, Common Marsb 1181 6 viii.
var. /3 1182 7 viii.
Creeping Marsh 1183 8 viii.
Golden 769 101 v.
Rock 606 143 iv.
Sea Prickly 628 173 iv.
Sand Haargras (Ger.) 191 xi.
Hafer (Ger.) 78 xi.
Sommerwurz (Ger.) 192 vi.
Segge (Ger.) 87 x.
Veilchen (Ger) 236 ii.
Sandhalm Ostsee (Ger.) 41 xi.
Sandwort, Alpine 242 112 ii.
Bog 244 116 ii.
Fine-leaved 243 114 ii.
Fringed 238 105 ii.
Level-topped 2i3 (bis) 115 ii.
Norwegian 237 104 ii.
Spurrey, Field 254 129 ii.
Greater Sea 257 132 ii.
Lesser Sea 255 131 ii.
Rock Sea... 256 133 ii.
Three-nerved 234 101 ii.
Thyme-leaved 236 103 ii.
Yemal 241 110 ii.
SANGUISOE'BA
[me'dia, Linn.'] (excluded) 260 iii.
OFFICINALIS, Linn. ... 421 132 iii.
Sanguisorbe officinale (Fr.) 132 iii.
Sanicle V Europe (Fr.) 93 iv.
Sanicle, AVood 568 93 iv.
SANIC'ULA
EUROP^E'A, Linn 56S 92 iv.
SANTOLFNA
marit'ima, Linn 725 55 v.
IXDEX.
309
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Santoline (Fr.) 55 v.
Saponaire officinale (Fr.) 53 n.
SAPONA'EIA
hyb'rida, Linn
OFFICINALIS, £mi». ... 197
Saracenischer Baldgreis (Ger. )
SAEOTHAM'NUS
cow»mtt'w«8,"Wimm." Fries. 329
SCOPA'RIUS, Koch 329
vulga'ris, " Wimm." Godr. 329
Sarrette des leinturiers (Fr.) 29
SATYB'IUM
al'bidum, Linn 1161
Epipo'gium, Linn 1186
Mrci'num, Linn 1118
macula' turn, Desf. 1165
re' pens, Linn 1475
vir'ide, Linn 1162
Sauce Alone 100
#«««• Ampfer (Ger.) 55
Sauerdom (Ger.) 72
Sauerkir sche (Ger.) 123
Sauge clandestine (Fr.) 14
tZes £>res- (Fr.) 45
verveine (Fr.) 43
Saide a cinge'tamines (Fv.) (^05) V^'
afeuilles d'arbousier (Fr.) 257 viii.
de rosemarin (Fr.) ... 250 viii.
.... 226 viii.
.... 221 viii.
53 53
88
11 11 11
103 131 90 108 118 105 117
I'LATF, PAGE VOL.
111.
vii. vii. vii.
- a grandes stipules (Fr.) ....
- a tongues feuilles (Fr.) ....
- a trois etamines (Fr.) 216 viii.
- a une e'tamine (Fr.) 219
- ambigue (Fr.) 216
-blanc (Fr.) 212
- blanc de neige (Fr.) 253
-cerccZre(Fr.) 232
- fragile (Fr.) 207
- </Z«bre (Fr.) 256
- 7j<?rbo«f (Fr.) 260
- marceau (Fr.) 235
-- monadelphe (Fr.) 222
- noircissant (Fr.) 211
- olivdtre (Fr.) 214 viii.
-pMica(Fr.) 211 viii.
-- rampant (Fr.) 248 viii.
~ reticule' (Fr.) 2G1 viii.
-n'tfe'(Fr.) 233 viii.
vm. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii.
SAUSSUR'EA
ALPI'NA, DC. 703 27
Saussuree des Alpes (Fr.) 28
Saw-wort, Alpine 703
Common 704 & 704 (bis)
SAXIF'RAGA
ajfi'nis, Don 560
AIZOI'DES, Linn 551
ANDREW'SII, Earv 549
autumna'lis, Linn 551
VOL. XII.
|
28 |
v. |
|
29 |
v. |
|
81 |
iv. |
|
73 |
iv |
|
71 |
iv |
545 544 555
SAXiFRAGA
OESPITO'SA, Linn 556
Koch 557
var. incurvifo'lia, Bab. 558
(QEE'NUA, Linn 554
[cotyle'don, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded)
DECIP'IENS, Ehrh 557
el'egans, Mack 515
eu-hypnoi'des, Syme 561 & 562
GE'UM, Linn 513-545
var. creua'ta, Syme ... 54c
var. el'egans, Syme. .
var. serra'ta, Syme ..
GRANULA'TA, Linn. ..
groenlan'dica, DC
HIR'CULUS, Linn 550
HIRSU'TA, Linn 546
Gr. & Godr 543-545
hir'ta, Don 559
Syme 55S-560
var. affi'nis, Syme ... 560
var. incurvifo'lia,
Syme 558
HYPNOI'DES, Linn.... 558-562
Gr. & Godr 562
var. gemmif ' era, Syme 562
var. platypet'ala, Syme 561
incurvifo'lia, Don 560
Gratia'na, F. Schultz
[muscoi'des, Wulfi] (ex- cluded)
NIVALIS, Linn 541
OPPOSITIFO'LIA, Linn. 540
palma'ta, Sm 557
[pedatif'ida, Sm.] (excluded) ...
platypet'ala, Sm 561
pubes'cens, Sternb 557
RIVULA'RIS, Linn 553
[rotundifo'lia, Linn.'] (ex- cluded)
[Sibthorp'ii, Boiss. & Spr.] (ex- cluded)
STELLA'RIS, Linn 542
TRIDACTYLI'TES, Linn. 552
UMBRO'SA, Linn. 547 & 548
var. puucta'ta, Ilarv
var. serratifo'lia, Syme 548
Saxifrage afeuilles opposes (Fr.)
a trois doigts (Fr.)
benoite (Fr.)
■ des neiges (Fr.)
etbUde (Fr.)
faux aizoon (Fr.)
grenue (Fr.)
ceil-de-bouc (Fr.)
ombrage'e (Fr.)
velue (Fr.)
Saxifrage, Alpine Brook- . . . ____— Alpine clustered
2's
553 541
78 80 82 76
87 80 G8 82 G8 68 G8 G8 77 79 72 G9 68 81 81 81
82 81 83
83 83
82 79
87 66 65 80 87 83 80 75
87
87 67 74 70 70 70 G5 75 69 67 68 74 78 73 71 70 7G 67
iv. iv.
iv. iv. iv- iv. iv. iv. iv. iv.
iv. iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv. iv. iv. iv.
310
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Saxifrage, Alternate-leaved Golden
564 85 iv.
Common Burnet 5S5 116 iv.
Drooping Alpine 551 77 iv.
Great Burnet 586 116 iv.
Mossy 558-562 80 iv.
. Mountain Meadow... 602 138 iv.
Opposite-leaved Golden
563 84 iv.
■ Palmate-leaved Mossy 557 81 iv.
Purple Mountain- ... 510 65 iv.
Eue-leaved 552 75 iv.
Starry 542 68 iv.
Tufted 556 79 iv.
White Meadow- 555 78 iv.
Yellow Marsh- 550 73 iv.
Yellow Moxmtain- ... 551 74 iv.
Smbieuse colombaire (Fr.) 252 iv.
des champs (Fr,) 253 iv.
succise (Fr.) 250 iv.
SCABIO'SA
ARYEX'SIS. Linn 679 252 iv.
COLUMBA'BIA, it/in. ... 67S 251 iv.
SUCOI'SA, Linn 677 250 iv.
•asenartige Flockenblume (Ger.)... 33 v.
Scabious. Devil's-bit 677 250 iv.
Field G79 253 iv.
leaved Hawk's-beard 820 162 v.
Small 678 252 iv.
Scale-fern, Common 1883 139 xii.
SCAN'DIX
Anfhris'cus, Linn 622 16G iv.
Gerefo'lium,~lAim 6"/3 167 iv.
odora'ta, Linn 626 170 iv.
Ptr'ten, Hook 627 171 iv.
PEC'TEX-YEX'EBIS,
Linn 627 171 iv.
Scandi.c peigne de Ve'nus (Fr.) 172 iv.
Schabenkraut (Ger.) 117 vi.
fgarbe (Ger.) 57 v.
Sch af Sch ivingel (Ger.) 145 xi.
Scharbocks-Kraut (Get.) 41) i.
Scharbockskeil (Ger.) 185 i.
Scharfe LHirrumrz (Ger.) 109 v.
F etthenne (Ger.) 55,56 iv.
Schaumkrattt (Ger.) 156 i.
SCHEDONO'BUS (Fr.)
a/p.r.Fr 1795 156 xi.
enc't»s,Fr 1796 159 xi.
ster'ilis,Fi 1799 163 xi.
SCHEDONO'BUS (P. de B.)
calama'rius, R. & S. 1787 & 1788 14S xi
elottior, B. & S. ... 1789 & 1790 150 xi.
loUa'ceus, B. & S 1792 153 xi.
praten'sis, B. & S 1791 153 xi.
Sche idenfSrm iges Wollgras (Ger.) 72 x.
SCHEUCHZE'PJA
Marah 1435 67 ix.
PALUS'TBIS, Linn 1435 67 ix.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Scheuehzerie des mantis (Fr.) 67 ix.
Schierli ngsblatt rigt r lt>. iherschna-
beZ(Ger.) 207 ii.
Schildblattriger Ampfer (Ger.) 54 viii.
Scltildfruchtiger Ehrenpreis (Ger.) ... 168 vi.
ScTdaffes Bispengras (Ger.) 117 xi.
S'hhtutm-Segge (Ger.) 120 x.
Schlangenlaueh (Ger.) 208 ix.
Schlankarige Segge (Ger.) 142 x.
Schlanke Eroe (Ger.) 87 iii.
Schlankes Wollgras (Ger.) 75 x.
Schlt hen Pflaume (Ger.) 115 iii.
Schlingenlose Erve (Ger.) 89 iii.
Schlitzbliitt rige r Era n ich sch nabel
(Ger.) 201 ii.
Schmalblatterige Distel (Ger.) 6 v.
SchmaTbldttrige Alsin-: (Fr.) 114 ii.
BerZe(Ger.) 119 iv.
Wieke (Ger.) 98 iii.
Sch malhlattriger Schotenweiderich
(Ger.) 10 iv.
Scltrnalblattriges Eolbenrohr (Ger.) ... 4 ix.
Wollgras (Ger.) 74 x.
Lungenkraut(GeT.)... 92 vii.
Schmale BohrJcoTbe (Ger.) 4 ix.
Schnabelfruchtige Ruppie (Ger.) 60 ix.
Sch nee Steinbrech (Ger.) 67 iv.
Schnittlauch (Ger.) 216 ix.
SCHOBEBIA
frutico'sa, Mey 1178 2 viii.
marit'ima, Mey 1179 3 viii.
SCHCE'XUS
al'bus, LinD 1582 46 x.
Black 1579 43 x.
compres'sus, Linn 1583 4S x.
fus'ens, Linn 1581 45 x.
Maris'cus, Linn 1580 44 x.
monoi'eus, Sm 1609 77 x.
NIG'EICAXS. Linn 1579 43 x.
ru'fus, Huds 15S4 4S x.
SchSnes Harfhen (Ger.) 157 ii.
Schopformiger Hufeisenldee (Ger.) ... SO iii.
Schutt-Pfef erkraut (Ger.) 214 i.
Schwachbittere Genziane (Ger.) 76 vi.
SchvmfbenTeraut (Ger.) 100 i.
Schwarzbraunes Cyperus (Ger.) 41 x.
Schwarze Bilsenl-rant (Ger.) 107 vi.
Schwarze Flockenblume (Ger.) 32 v.
Juhaunisbeere (Ger.) 45 iv.
Erahenbeere (Ger.) 94 viii.
Platterbse (Ger.) 112 iii.
Schwarzer Gottesvergess (Ger.) 53 vii.
Holunder (Ger.) 200 iv.
Nachtschatten (Ger.) 9S vi.
Sten/(Ger.) 127 i.
Schwarzes WoUkraui (Ger.) 115 vi.
Schiciirzliche Segge '(Ger.) 105 x.
SchwarzHches Habichtskraut (Ger.) ... 176 v. Eopfried (Ger.) 43 x.
INDEX.
311
PLATE
Schicarzpappel (Ger.)
Schwarzwerdende Weidt (Ger.)
Schwarzumrz (Ger.)
Schwedische Cornells (Ger.)
Schwe rtbldttriges Zy mbt IkraiU
(Ger.)
Schwertel (Ger,)
Sckwimmender FroschlSffel (Ger.) .......
■SbA wimmem les Sa m kra utge wadhse
(Ger.)
SCIL'LA
ATJTTJMNA'LIS, Linn.... 1526
[bifo'lia, Iiinn.] (excluded)
NUTANS. Sm 1528
umbeUa'ta, Earn 1527
XYIV^A, Ends 1527
Scille d'aulomne (Fr.)
du printemps (Fr.)
penchee (Fr.)
Scirpe a Tabernasmontani (Fr.)
a fefes rondes (Ft.)
a &/es nombreuses (Fr.)
a itne ra?i-c (Fr.)
care ne (Fr.)
de savi (Fr.)
dcs hois (Fr.)
des lacs (Fr.)
des marais (Fr.)
epingle (Fr.)
flottant (Fr.)
gazonnant (Fr.)
maritime (Fr.)
piquant (Fr.)
sefoc^(Fr.)
PAGE VOL.
199 viii.
241 viii.
67 i.
1S6 iv.
129 ix.
Ill ix.
74 ix.
19S
226
200
199
199
199
200
201
64
62
54
53
65
59
70
63
52
51
5S
56
69
67
60
66
tricing iilaire (Fr.)
SCIBPID'IUM
acicula're, Nees 1585 50
SCIR'PUS
ACICULA'RIS, Linn. ... 1585 50
Beeothry'on, Ehrli 1589 54
bifo'tius, WaLlr 15S4 48
OESPITO'SUS, Linn. ... 1590 55
earicCnus, Schrad 1583 48
Car'icis, Retz 1583 4S
carina'tus, Sm 159S 64
compres'sus, Pers 1583 48
Vural'ii. Hoppe 1598 64
eu-lacus'tris, Syme 1596 63
eu-palus'tris, Syme 1586 51
FLU1TANS, Linn 1592 57
ijlan'cus, Sm 1597 64
HOLOSCHCE'NUS, Linn. 1595 61
hu'mUis, Wallr 1591 56
laeus'tris, Auct 159J 63
LACUS'TRIS, Linn.
1596-1598 62
var. dig'ynus, Godr. 1597 64
var. genuHnus, Gr. &
Godr.' 1596 63
PLATE
SCIR'PUS
MARirniUS, Linn 1601
var. compac'tus, KrocJc
var. umbella'toB, Reich. ...
JIULTICAU'LIS, Sm. ... 1588
PALUS'TEIS,L/hh. 15S6& 1587
Sm 1586
PAR'VULUS, Bom. &
Scladt 1591
PAUCIFLO'EUS, Light/. 15S9
PoUich'ii, Gren. & Godr.... 1599
PUN'GENS, YalJ 1600
Buth'ii, Hoppe 1600
ru'fus. Schrad 15S4
SA'YII, Seb. & Maur 1593
var. mouosta'chys, Syme...
BETA'CEUS, Linn. 1594
SYLYAT'ICFS, Linn. ... 1602
Tabern'amonta'nae, Gmel.... 1597
tenuifo'lius, DC 1600
TEIQUE'TER, Linn 1599
var. conglomera'tus,
Reich
var. vulga'ris, Reich
uniglu'mis, Link 1587
var. Watso'ni, Syme
SCLERAN'THUS
AN'NUUS, Linn. 1174 & 1175
var. bien'nis, Syme... 1175
bien'nis, Renter 1175
PEBEN'NIS, Linn 1176
SCLEROCHLO'A
PAGE VOL.
68 X.
68 x.
68 x.
53 x.
51 x.
51 x.
Bor'reri, Bab
dis'tans, Bab
var. obtu'^a, Farn. ...
[du'ra, P. de B.] (excluded)
LOLIA'CEA. Woods
MARIT'IMA. Lindl
var. tlerlex'a, Syme...
MULTICUL'MIS, Syme
1755 &
PROCUM'BENS,P. de B.
RIG'IDA, Link
SCLEROPO'A
lolia'cea, Gren. & GoJr. ...
procum'bens, Pari
rig'ida, Griseb
SCOLOPEN'DRIOI
alterni/o'lium, Roth
Gefteraeh, Symons
officinale, DC
ojvcina'rum, Swurtz
PhyUi'tis, Roth
Ruta-mura'ria, Roth
geptentriona'le, Roth
VTJLGA'RE, Symons
SCORODO'NIA
heteromalla, Monch
Scotch Crocus ,
1756
1755
1759
1751
1756 1757
1758
1759 1757 175S
1881 1883 1884 1884 1884 1S80 1882 1884
1093 1497
56 54 65 66 66 48 58 59 60 69 64 66 65
66 66 52 52
181 182 182 182
105 104 104 200 110 102 103
103 107 108
110 107 108
136 139 141 141 141 135 138 141
S5 150
x. x.
vii. vii. vii. vii.
XI.
si.
xi.
xn. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
312
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE
Scotch Fir
Thistle 680
phulaireafeuiUesde gauge
■ aquatique (Fr.)
Fr,)
-priii ta n itr>: (Fr.)
PAGE VOL.
265 viii. 3 v.
SCEOPHULAEJA
aldta, ;-Gub."? 94S
AQUATICA, Lmn 947
aquafiea, Fries 948
L:\l'-i*'ii, Hornem 947
EHRHAR'TI. Stev 918
Nees'ii, Wirtg
XoDO'SA. Li, in 94J
SCuRuDO'XIA. Linn. ... 950
uiithro'sa, Dum. ? 948
VEBNA'LIB, Linn 951
Scurvy-Grass, Common 130
Hastate-haved ... 132
Long-leaved 133
Mountain 131
SCUTELLARIA
GALEKlL ULA'TA. Linn. 1060
[hastifx L ■-. J.' ».] (excluded) ...
MINOR, Linn. 1061
S . Barley 1813
- Beet 1184
Bindweed 925
- Bladder Campion 200
Buckthorn 1245
- — Cabbage
Carrot 615
Charlock 82
Club-rush 1601
Colewort 87
Couch-grass. Decumbent ... 1j12
Erect 1811
Green Whitlow Grass 138
Hard-grass 181S
Heath. Smooth 190
- HogVFennel 690
Holly 569
Kale 80
Knotgrass 1233
Lavender, Great 1156 A" 1157
Lesser 1159 i" 1160
Matted 1161
Remote-flowered 1157
Lovage 603
- Meadow-grass, Creeping ... 1754 Orache, Frosted 1207
Grass-leaved, var. a 1200
var. £ 1201
125 121
124 126
122 120 122 120 122 123 123 124 122 125 185 187 188 186
47 -
48
197
9
S8
58
VI.
IV.
i.
x. i.
xi.
xi.
i.
xi.
ii.
Stalk-fiuited 1209
180
405
Fansy
Pea
Pearl wort 245
Plantain 1166, var. y, & 116S
Prickly Samphire
Purslane 239
Vil.
vii. vii. xi. viii. vi. ii.
83 viii.
130 i.
157
123
69
130
183
181
195
189
43
149 iv.
95 iv.
119 i.
70 viii.
161 vii.
165 vii.
166 vii. 163 vii. 139 iv. 103 xi.
35 viii.
27 viii.
28 viii. 38 viii. 27 ii.
110 iii.
118 ii.
175 vii.
173 iv.
106 ii.
PLATE
Sea Purslane 1208
EaJisii 82
R x-ket, Purple 7.'
Rush. Greater 1558
Less-.-r 1559
Sundwort-SpurTey. Greater 257
Lesser 255
Bock . . . 256
Sedge 1618
Spleenwort 1876
Spurge 1263
- Stock, Great 104
Stork's-bill
Vetch, Smooth-podded 390
- Wormwood; var. o 734
— — var. ^ 735
Seablite, Annual 1179
Shrubby 1178
Seehsmai tniger Sannel (Ger.)
Sedge. Axillary 1628
—Black 1635
Bladder •-
Bonningkausen's 1629
Bottle.. 8
Bracteated Mardi 1616
Broad-leaved Mud 1648
Capillary 1662
Close-headed Alpi:;e ... 1636
Common 1643
Creeping Dioecious 1610
Curved 1615
Cvperus-like 1684
Distant-spiked 1,:27
Dotted-fruited 1671
Downy-fruited 1656
Dwarf Silvery 1651
Elongated ..."
Fen."
Few-flowered 1614
Fingered 1650
Flea 1612
Glaucous Heath ... 1644-1646
Graham's 1684
Great 1623
Great Pendulous 1660
Greater Panicled 1622
Pond 1679
Prickly 1624
Green-ribbed 1667
Grey 1,;25
Hammer 1677
Hares-foot 1633
Hoary 1637
Involute-leaved 1681
Lesser Panicled, var. a... 1619
var. 3... 1620
Pond 1678
likeKobresia 1609
Little Prickly 1626
Lontr-bracteated 1675
|
PAGE |
VOL. |
|
37 |
viii. |
|
123 |
i. |
|
118 |
i. |
|
18 |
X. |
|
19 |
X. |
|
132 |
ii. |
|
131 |
ii. |
|
133 |
ii. |
|
87 |
X. |
|
129 |
xii. |
|
109 |
viii. |
|
152 |
i. |
|
209 |
ii. |
|
94 |
iii. |
|
05 |
v. |
|
66 |
v. |
|
4 |
viii. |
|
3 |
viii. |
|
141 |
ii. |
|
98 |
X. |
|
105 |
X. |
|
171 |
X. |
|
99 |
X. |
|
169 |
X. |
|
85 |
X. |
|
119 |
X. |
|
139 |
X. |
|
107 |
X. |
|
116 |
X. |
|
X. |
|
|
- |
X. |
|
164 |
X. |
|
97 |
X. |
|
150 |
X. |
|
151 |
X. |
|
131 |
X. |
|
125 |
X. |
|
100 |
X. |
|
45 |
X. |
|
S3 |
X. |
|
123 |
X. |
|
SI |
X. |
|
118 |
X. |
|
173 |
X. |
|
92 |
X. |
|
140 |
X. |
|
91 |
X. |
|
167 |
X. |
|
93 |
X. |
|
148 |
X. |
|
94 |
X. |
|
163 |
X. |
|
101 |
X. |
|
108 |
X. |
|
170 |
X. |
|
B8 |
X. |
|
88 |
X. |
|
X. |
|
|
77 |
X. |
|
95 |
X. |
|
156 |
X. |
INDEX.
313
Sedge, Loose-flowered Mud.
spiked Wood .
Mountain
Narrow-leaved Mud .
CEder's
Oval-spiked
Pale
Paradoxical
Pendulous "Wood ....
Pink-leaved
-Rock
Pound-headed
Russet
Scorched Alpine . . ..
Sea
Short Brown-spiked .
Silvery Heath
Slender-leaved
spiked
■ Smooth-stalked
Soft Brown
-Starved Wood
Stilt' Mountain
Tawny 1669 &
Tufted
Dioecious
Vernal
■Water 1641 &
■ "White, var. a
var. B
Yellow 1672 £
PLATE
1049 1661 1652 1647 167-1 1631 1657 1621 1665 165S 1613 1653 16S3 1663 1613 1659 1654 1676 1639 166S 1617 1664 1640 1670 1638 1611 1655 1642 1631 1632 1673
TAGE
122
142 126 120 158 104 133
90 145 134
82 127 174 137
87 135 129 161 111 147
86 144 112 154 109
80 130 113 102 103 160
VOL. X.
SEDOI
A'CEE, Linn 532 55
albes'cens, Han: 535 58
AI/BTJM, Linn 529 52
var. a, Bab 529, fig. 1 52
var. B, Bab 529, fig. 2 53
AN G'LIGUM, Huds 531 54
[auopet'alum, DC] (excluded)... 63
au'reum, Wirt 537 59
Bolonierise, Lois 533 50
[Cepffi'a, Linn.'] (excluded) 63
DASYPHYL'LUM, Linn. 530 53
■ el'egans, Lej 530 5S
var. inaj'us, Syme 59
var. mi'nus, Syme 59
eu-al'bum, Syme 529 52
en-reflex'um, Syme 534 57
Faba'ria, Koch 527 50
Forsteria'num, Leight 59
Sm 537 59
glau'cum, Sm 535 58
micran'thum, Bast 529, fig. 2 53
purpuras'cens, Eoclt 520 49
purpu'reum, Tausch 527 50
REFLEX'UM, Linn. 534 & 535 50
Sin 534 57
var. a, Bab 534 57
B. albescens, Bab. ... 535 5S
PJiODl'OLA, DC 525 48
IV.
iv.
IV.
iv. iv. iv. iv. iv.
iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv.
xu. xii. xii. vii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
SE'DUM
RUPES'TEE, Huds. 530 & 537 58 iv.
Sm 530 5S iv.
septangula're, Haw 57 iv.
SEXAXItULA'RE, Linn. 533 50 iv.
[sttlla'tum, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 63 iv.
TELE'PHIUM, Linn.
520 & 527 49 iv.
Sm 520 49 iv.
var. a, Hook. & Arn. 520 49 iv.
var. B, Hook. & Arn. 527 50 iv.
teretifo'lium, Hav: 529,fig. 1 52 iv.
VILLO'SUM, Linn 528 51 iv.
S Iwm afeuiUes e'paisses (Fr.) 54 iv.
a six angles (Fr.) 50 iv.
acre (Fr.) 55 iv.
blanc (Fr.) 52 iv.
(FAngleterre (Fr.) 54 iv.
refledti (Fr.) 57 iv.
vein (Fr.) 51 iv.
Si i. Mi • i\<i u (Ger.) 118 i.
8 nmse (Ger.) 63 x.
Seiienstandige Segge (Ger.) 98 x.
SELAGIXEL'LA
[Helvetica, Link] (ex-
cluded) 11
SELAGIXOI'DES. Gray 1829 10
spinuJo'sa, A. Braun 1829 10
Self-heal 1059 47
SELI'NUM
palus'tre, IAim 610 149
SEMPEBVrVUM
TECTO'BUM, Linn 538 00
SENEBIE'BA
CORO'NOPUS, Poii- 100 221
DID'YMA, Per* 159 220
pinnatifida, DC 159 220
Senebiere a silicides jumelles (Fr.) 221
come de eerf (Fr.) 222
SENE'CIO
AQUAT'ICUS, Ends 756 SO v.
■ Reich 750 80 v.
var. pinnatif'idus,
Gr. & Godr SO v.
barbarasifo'lius, Reich 80 v.
CAMPES'TRIS, DC. ... 700 89 v.
var. marit'ima, Syme 90 v.
chrysanthemifo'lius, Poir. 751 83 v.
[errafiens, Bertol.] (ex-
cluded) 217 v,
ERUCTFO'LIUS, Linn.... 754 S4 v.
JACOB-EA, Linn 755 85 v.
liv'idus, Sm 751 81 v.
PALUDO'SUS, Linn. ... 758 88 v.
PALUS'TRIS, DC. 759 89 v.
saliceto'rum, Godr 757 87 v.
SABACEX'RJUS, Linn.... 757 S7 v.
SQUALTDUSb Linn 753 83 v.
31-4
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
SENE'CIO
SYLVAT'ICUS, Linn.
750 & 751 81 v.
Sm 750 81 v.
var. auricula'tus, W.
Meyer 751 81 v.
tenuifo'lius, Jacq 754 84 v.
• VISCO'SUS, Linn 752 82 v.
VULGA'RIS, Linn 749 SO v.
■ var. radia'tus, Syme.
749, fig. j8 80 v. Si in run a/euilles de Leucantheme
(Fr.)
de roquette (Fr.) ..
— commun (Fr.) ..
— de Veau (Fr.) ..
— de mar a is (Fr.) -- des bois (Fr.) . ,
— des pre's (Fr.) . .
— Jacobee (Fr.) .
— sarrasin (Fr.) .,
— visqueux (Fr.) .,
SERA' PI AS
ensifo'Ua, Linn 14S4
grandiflo'ra, Liglitf. 1485
latifo'lia,~Lmn 1480
Lonehophyl'lum, Linn. fil. 1485
longifo'lia, Linn 14S2
palus'tris, Liglitf. 14S2
ru'bra, Linn 1483
Xiphophyl'lum, Linn. fil.... 1484
SEBBAFAL'CUS
ur ven sis, Pari 1S06
commuta'tus, Bab 1802
hordea'ceus, G. & G
Lloydia'nus, G. & G 1805
mol'lis, G. & G 1804
mollis, Pari 1S04 & 1805
racemo'sus, Pail 1803
seculi'nus, Bab. ... 1800 & 1801
Si mi /ulcus confondn (Fr.)
des chimps (Fr.)
■ — ; seigle (Fr.)
SERKAT'ULA
alpi'na, Linn 703
ar ven' sis, Linn 693 & 094
montic'ola, Bor 704 (bis)
TINCTO'RIA, Linn.
704 & 704 (bis)
tincto'riu, Bor 704
■ var. montic'ola, Syme
701 (his)
Service-tree 487
Wild 481
SES'ELI
LIBANOTIS, Koch G02
Se'selie libunotide (Fr.)
SESLE'EIA
C/EKU'LEA, Scop 1710
83 84 80 87 88 82 90 85 88 82
128 129 124 129 12G 126 127 128
171
168 170 170 170 169 167 165 169 172 166
27 17 29
2S 29
29 150 242
137 138
IX.
ix. ix. ix. ix. ix.
ix. xi.
SETA'RIA
[glau'ca, P. de B.] (excluded) . . .
[Ital'ica, P. de B.] (excluded) ...
VEETICILLA'IA, P. de B.
1694
VIE'IDIS, P. de B 1693
Se'turia vert (Fr.)
Shamrock 337
Shave-grass 1894
Sheeji's-bit, Annual 863
Fescue-grass 1783 & 1784
Sorrel 1224
Shepherd's Cress 150
Purse, Alpine
Perfoliate ... 145
She'rarde arvensis (Fr.)
SHEKARDIA
ARVEN'SIS, Linn 663
Shield-fern, Bennett's 1856
Broad 1857
Crested 1853
Lloyd's 1854
Male 1S50
Narrow 1855
Remote 1852
Rigid 1851
Shore-weed, Plantain 1150
Shrew-ash 902
SIBBAB'BIA
procum'bens, Linn 426
Procumbent 426
Sibbuldie couclie'e (Fr.)
SIBTHORP'IA
EUROP^E'A, Linn 969
Sibthorpie d'Europe (Fr.)
Sichel/ormiger Schneckeriklee (Ger.) ... Sichel/ormiges HasenShrchen (Ger.)...
SIEGLIN'GIA
decum'bens, Bumh 1745
SILA'US
PRATEN'SIS, Bess 604
Silaus des pre's (Fr.)
Silber Pappel (Ger.)
Silberweiscr Gdnscrich (Ger.)
SILE'NE
ACAU'LIS, Linn 205
[alpes'tris, Linn.'] (excluded) ...
ang'lica, Linn 202
var. /3, Auct. Angl.... 203
var. stric'ta, Brom/.
ABME'RIA, Linn 204
brachial ta, Jord
cerasfioi'des, DC
CON'ICA, Linn 201
conoi'dea, Reich 201
DIUR'NA, Grcn. & Godr. 211
exsca'pa, All
GAL'LICA, Koch 201 & 203
|
Pa.CE |
VOL. |
|
199 |
xi. |
|
199 |
xi. |
|
14 |
xi. |
|
13 |
xi. |
|
14 |
xi. |
|
25 |
iii. |
|
162 |
xii. |
|
5 |
VI. |
|
144 |
xi. |
|
57 |
viii. |
|
209 |
i. |
|
205 |
i. |
|
204 |
i. |
|
232 |
iv. |
|
231 |
iv. |
|
80 |
xii. |
|
82 |
xii. |
|
70 |
xii. |
|
73 |
xii. |
|
57 |
xii. |
|
76 |
xii. |
|
67 |
xii. |
|
65 |
xii. |
|
175 |
vii. |
|
58 |
vi. |
|
142 |
iii. |
|
143 |
iii. |
|
143 |
iii. |
|
147 |
vi. |
|
148 |
vi. |
|
24 |
iii. |
|
123 |
iv. |
87 xi.
139 iv.
140 iv. 193 viii. 152 iii.
62 ii. 134 ii.
60 ii.
60 ii.
61 ii. 61 ii. 57 ii. 61 ii. 5S ii. 5S ii. 69 ii.
63 ii. 59 ii.
TNDEX.
315
PLATE PAGE VOL.
SILE'NE
giil'lica, Linn
var. 0, Auct. Plur.... 202
INFLA'TA, Sm 199
Benth 199 & 200
var. puber'ula, Syme
ITAL'ICA, Per* 208
lusitan'ica, Linn
MAEIT'IMA, Nith 200
NOCTIFLO'RA, Linn. ... 209
NTJ'TANS, Linn 207
olera'cea, Bor
OTI'TES, Linn 20G
paradox' a, Sm
patens, Peete 20S
PRATEN'SIS, Gren. &
Godr 210
puber'ula, Jord
quinque-vul'nera, Linn. ... 203
sylves'tris, Bchott 203
tridenta'ta, DC
vesica'ria, Schrad
Silene a calice enfle' (Fr.)
a courte tige (Fr.)
a petites fleurs (Fr.)
armerie (Fr.)
coni que (Ft.)
d'Angleterre (Fr.)
italique (Fr.)
maritime (Fr.)
noctiflore (Fr.)
pencne (Fr.)
Silver-weed 433
Silybe chardon marie (Fr.)
SIL'YBUM
MARIA'NUM, Gdrtn. ... G81
SIME'THIS
BI'COLOR, Krmth 1541
planifo'lia, Woods 1541
Variegated 1541
SINAPIS
al'ba, Linn 84
arven'sis, Linn 83
. Cheiran'ihus, Koch 92
inca'na, Linn. ? SG
nigra, Linn 85
temcifo'lia, Sm 93
Singriin (Ger.)
srsoN
AMCMUM, Linn 578
inunda't urn, Linn 575
seg'etum, Linn 577
verticilla'tum, Linn 581
Bison amome (Fr.)
Sisymbre (Fr.)
aUiaire (Fr.)
cornicule (Fr.)
iris (Fr.)
officinal (Fr.)
Gl GO 56 57 56 G5 Gl 57 GG Gl 57 63 65 65
67 57 60 60 61 57 57 63 61 62 59 GO 66 58 67 65 150 5
|
220 |
IX. |
|
220 |
ix. |
|
221 |
ix. |
|
125 |
i. |
|
124 |
i. |
|
139 |
i. |
|
129 |
i. |
|
126 |
i. |
|
139 |
i. |
|
63 |
vi. |
|
106 |
iv |
|
102 |
iv |
|
105 |
iv |
|
110 |
iv |
|
107 |
iv |
|
143 |
i |
|
117 |
i |
|
144 |
i |
|
146 |
i |
|
114 |
i |
PLATE PAGE
Sisymbre Sophie (Fr.) 145
SISYMBRIUM
ALLIA'RIA, Scop 100 146
amphib'ium, Linn 128 181
l'RIO, Linn 99 145
monen'se, " Linn.," Sm. ... 91 138
mura'le, Linn 94 140
Nasturtium, Linn 125 176
OFFICINALE, Scop. ... 96 143
POLYCERA'TIUM, Linn. 97 114
SOPHI'A, Lnn 98 145
sylves'tre, Linn 126 179
tenuifo'lium, Linn 93 139
terres'tre, Sm 127 180
thalia'num, Gaud 115 163
vi'mineum, Linn 95 142
SISYRHIN'CHIUM
an'ceps, Bab 1491 138
BERMUDIA'NA, £/»».... 1491 138
Blue H91 139
mucrona'tuin, Micltx 139
sruM
ANGUSTlFO'LIUM,
Linn 588
LATIFO'LIUM, Linn. ... 587
nodiflo'rum, Linn 573
re'pens, Sm 574
Skull-cap, Common 10G0
Lesser 1061
Sleep-bearing Poppy 57
Sloe, Blackthorn 408
SMILACI'NA
BIFO'LIA, Desf. 1510
Two-leaved 1510
Smith Weide (Ger.)
Smyrenhraut, or Pferdseppich
(Ger.)
SMYE'NIUM
OLUSA'TEXJM, Linn. ... 631
Snapdragon, Common 953
Corn 954
Sneeze-wort Yarrow 730
Snowdrop, Common 1507
Snowflake, Spring 150G
Summer 1505
Soapwort, Common 197
Soft Rush 15G1
Sohl oder Saal Weide (Ger.)
SOLA'NUM
DULCAMARA, Linn. ... 930 95
var. mari'nnm, Syme 95
minia'tum, Bernh 972
NI'GKUM, Linn 931 & 932
Sm 931
var. minia'lum, Syme 932
Soldier, Water 1445
SOLIDA'GO
Cam'brica, Huds 779
177
|
118 |
IV. |
|
117 |
iv. |
|
100 |
iv. |
|
100 |
IV. |
|
48 |
vii. |
|
49 |
vii. |
|
81 |
i. |
|
115 |
iii. |
|
175 |
ix. |
|
17G |
ix. |
|
227 |
viii. |
|
177 |
IV. |
|
131 |
vi. |
|
132 |
vi. |
|
GO |
v. |
|
1G7 |
ix. |
|
1G6 |
ix. |
|
165 |
ix. |
|
53 |
ii. |
|
21 |
X. |
|
235 |
viii. |
|
93 |
vi |
|
96 |
vi |
|
97 |
vi |
|
97 |
vi |
|
80 |
ix |
113
31G
EXGLISH BOTAXY.
PLATE TAGE VOL.
SOLIDA'GO
[lanceola'ta, Linn.] (ex-
cluded)
YIR'GA-AU'REA, Linn.
77S & 779
var. angustifo'lia, Koch ...
var. cam'brica, 8m.... 779
Solomon's Seal, Angular-stemmed. 1512
Common 1513
Whorled-leaved 1511
Sommcr-Knotenblume (Ger.)
Wendi .lurehe (Ger.)
SON'CHUS
alpi'nus, Linn S09
AEVEN'SIS, Linn 813
ASTER, Hoffm. ... 811 & 812
cxru'leus, Cam 8i>9
faSlax, Walk 811 & 812
OLERA'CEUS, Linn. ... 810
a. and /3. I&'vis, Linn. 810
y. and 5. as'pcr, Linn.
Sll & S12
PALUS'TRIS, Linn 814
Sonnemcende Flockeriblume (Ger.)
Sonnenwendige Wolfsmilche (Ger.) ...
Soque tertianairc (Fr.)
Sorbier domestique (Fr.)
SOB' BUS
A'ria, Crantz 4S2
var. salicifo'lia, Myr. 483
Atieupa'rm,Jjma 486
domes'tica, Linn 487
ferinica, Fries 485
hyb'rida, Fries 485
[- Willi (?)] (ex-
eluded)
latifo'lia, Pers
oblongifo'lia, Reich 4S3
scan'dica, Fries 4S4
tormina'lis, Crantz 4S1
Sorrel, Common 1223
French 1222
Kidney-shaped Mountain 1225
Procumbent Yellow 311
Sheep's 1224
Upright Yellow 312
Wood 310
Souchel brun (Fr.)
long (Ft.)
Soude dpineme (Fr.)
Southernwood, Field 1233
Sow-thistle, Blue 809
Corn 813
Marsh 814
Rough Sll & 812
Smooth 810
SOYEB'IA
paludo'sa, Gr. & Godr S21
Spanish Catchlly 206
217
|
113 |
v. |
|
113 |
v. |
|
113 |
V. |
|
180 |
ix. |
|
177 |
ix. |
|
177 |
ix. |
|
1G5 |
ix. |
|
117 |
ix. |
|
152 |
v. |
|
151 |
v. |
|
154 |
v. |
|
152 |
v. |
|
154 |
v. |
|
153 |
v. |
|
153 |
V. |
|
154 |
V. |
|
155 |
V. |
|
38 |
V. |
|
100 |
viii. |
|
48 |
vii. |
|
250 |
iii. |
|
243 |
iii. |
|
244 |
iii. |
|
248 |
iii. |
|
250 |
iii. |
|
247 |
iii. |
|
247 |
iii. |
|
2G1 |
iii. |
|
242 |
iii. |
|
244 |
iii. |
|
245 |
iii. |
|
241 |
iii. |
|
55 |
viii. |
|
54 |
viii. |
|
5S |
viii. |
|
214 |
ii. |
|
57 |
viii. |
|
215 |
ii. |
|
211 |
ii. |
|
41 |
X. |
|
42 |
X. |
|
5 |
viii. |
|
G5 |
v. |
|
152 |
V. |
|
155 |
V. |
|
157 |
V. |
|
154 |
V. |
|
153 |
V. |
|
163 |
V. |
|
64 |
ii. |
PLATE PAGE
SPARGA'NICM
AFFrNE, Schneild 1389 7
en-c'tum, var. a, Linn 1387 5
var. £, Linn 1388 6
longifolivm, Don 1389 7
MINIMUM. 77/ >• 1390 8
na'tans, Bab 1389 7
Linn 1390 8
RAMO'SUM, Huds 1387 5
SIM'PLEX, Hud* 1388 6
var. Benth 1389 7
Spargoute des champs (Fr.) 128
en alene (Fr.) 124
nodeuse (Fr.) 126
Sparrige Binse (Ger.) 39
Sparriger Alaut (Ger.) 99
Spartain a balais (Fr.) 11
SPARTTXA
ALTERXIFLO'RA. Lois. 1GSS 5
STRIC'TA, Both 1687 4
var. aUernifio'ra, A.
Gray 16SS 5
Spartine roide (Fr.) 5
SPASTIUM
scopa'rium, Linn 329 11
Spear Mint 1023 8
Thistle 6SG 11
Spearwort, Adder' s-tongue-leaved 28 33
Greater 31 36
Lesser 30 35
SPEGULA'BIA
hyb'rida, A. DC S74 17
[speculum, A. DC] (ex-
cluded) 19
Speedwell, Blue Rock 9S1 1G1
Brooklime 990 170
Buxbaum's 973 153
Common 9S4 & 985 1G4
Erect Alpine 9S0 159
Germander 986 165
Green Procumbent... 972 152
Grey Procumbent ... 971 151
Ivy-leaved 970 150
leaved Whitlow Grass 135 192
Marsh 988 168
Mountain 987 1G7
Smooth Annual 977 157
Perennial ... 978 158
Prostrate ... 979 158
Spiked 9S2&983 1G2
Tririd 974 154
Yernal 975 155
Wall 976 156
Water 989 169
SpeierUng (Ger.) 250
SPERGEL'LA
nodo'sn. Reich 251 125
saginoi'des, Reich 249 122
subula'ta, Reich 250 122
in vii.
VI.
vi. vi.
INDEX.
317
PLATE PAGE VOL.
SPER'GULA
ARVEN'SIS, Linn.... 252 & 253 126 ii.
Reich 252 127 ii.
var. sati'va, Syme ... 252 127 ii.
var. vulga'ris, Syme 253 127 ii.
niva'lis, Lindblorn ... 250 (Ms) 124 ii.
nodo'sa, Linn 251 125 n.
[pentan'dra,i«KH.] (excluded) ... 134 ii.
Sm 253 127 ii.
saginoi'dts, Linn 249 122 ii.
0. nivalis, Lind. 250 (bis) 124 ii.
sati'va, Bonningh 252 127 ii.
subula'ta, Swartz 250 122 ii.
stric'ta, Swartz 244 115 ii.
vulga'ris, Bonningh 253 127 ii.
Spergulaire des rochers (Fr.) 133 n.
marine (Ft.) 132 ii.
neglige* (Fr.) 131 ii.
rouge (Ft.) 129 ii.
SPERGULA'RIA
MARGIN A'TA, Syme ... 257 131 ii.
mari'iia, Garcke 255 129 ii.
Tar. a, Hook. £ Arn. 255 129 ii.
var. j3, Hook. & Arn. 257 131 ii.
me'dia, Garcke 257 131 ii.
£. rnargina'ta, Fenzl. 257 131 ii.
NEGLEC'TA, Syme 255 129 ii.
var. me'dia, Syme 130 ii.
var. sali'na, Syme 130 ii.
RU'BRA, E end 254 129 ii.
RUPES'TRIS, Lebel 256 132 ii.
rupi'cola, Lebel 256 133 ii.
sali'na, Pred 130 ii.
Sperrfriichtige Segge (Gcr.) 93 x.
Spider Orchis, Early, var. a 1469 112 ix.
var. 0 ... 1470 113
Late 1468 112
Spiegelndes Samhraut (Ger.) 40
Spierapfel (Ger.) 250
Spiessb'lattrige Jlelde (Ger.) 32
Spiessbldttriger Frauenflachs (Ger.) ... 135
Spiessform iger Loire nzahn (Ger.) 133
Spikenard, Ploughman's 767 99
Spindle-tree 317 225
Spinnen Frav.entlira.ne (Ger.) 112
Spinnenahnliche Frauentkrane
(Ger.) 113
SPIR^A
FILIPEN'DULA, Linn. 416 128
SALICIFO'LL\, Linn. ... 414 125
ULMA'RIA, Linn 415 126
Spiraea, Willow-leaved 414 126
Spiranthe automnale (Fr.) 116
(Te'te (Ft.) 117
SPIRAX'THES
^STIVA'LIS, Rich 1473 116
AUTUMNA'LIS, Rich. ... 1472 115
cer'nua, Bab 1474 117
GEMMIP'ARA, Lindl ... 1474 117
Romanzoffia'na, Cham 1174 117
YOL. XII. - T
ix. ix.
in. viii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Spire'e a feuilles de saule (Fr.) 126 iii.
Spire'e filipendule (Fr.) 129 iii.
Spire'e reine des pres (Fr.) 127 iii.
SPIRODE'LA
polyrrhi'za, Schleid 1397 23 ix.
Spitzblattriye Weide (Ger.) 251 viii.
Spitzbldttriges Samhraut (Ger.) 47 ix.
Spitziger Weizen (Ger.) 183 xi.
Spitzkantige Segge (tier.) Ill *.
Spitzheimender Knoterich (Ger.) 81 viii.
Spleenwort 1876
Alternate-leaved ... 1881
Black 1874 & 1875
127 136 J122, \123 138 129 132 119 131 117
Forked 1882
Green 1877
Lady Clermont's ... 1879
Lanceolate 1873
Maidenhair 1878
Smooth Rock 1872
Sprossende Felsnelke (Ger.) 52
Spurge, Broad-leaved Worted... 1255 101
Bushy Worted 1256
Caper 1267
Coral 1259
Cyprus 1262
Downy 1258
Dwarf 1266
Irish 1257
Laurel 1247
Leafy-branched 1261
Petty 1265
Portland 1264
Purple 1253
Sea 1263
Sun 1254
Woody 1260
Spurrey, Corn 252
var. 3 253
Knotted 251
Red-flowering Field... 254
Squats 66
Squill, Autumnal 1526
Vernal 1527
Squinancy-wort 661
St. Barnaby's Thistle 712
St. James's Weed 152
St. John's Wort, Dotted-leaved 268
Hairy 274
— Imperforate ... 269
Large-flowered 267
. Linaria-leaved 272
Marsh 276
Mountain 275
Small Upright 273
Squared-stemmed 270
Stinking 266
Tall 265
_ Trailing 271
Waved-leaved
270 (bis)
102 113 105 108 104 112 103
87 107 111 111
99 109 100 106 128 128 126 129
98 199 200 229
38 212 149 158 152 147 156 160 159 157 153 146 146 155
155
xn. xii.
Ixii.
xii. xii. xii. xii. xii. xii.
ii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii.
ii.
ix. ix. iv.
318
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
|
58 |
yii. |
|
61 |
vii. |
|
CO |
vii |
|
54 |
vii |
|
56 |
vii |
Stachelbeere (Ger.) 39 iv.
Stachelspitziges Samkraut (Ger.) 49 ix.
STA'CHYS
amhig'ua, Sin 1070
ANNUA, Linn 1073
AEVEN'SIS, Linn 1072
BETON'ICA, Benlh 1067
. GERMAN'ICA, Linn. ... 1068
[lana'ta, Linn.'] (excluded)
■ palus'tri-sylvctf ica, Schiede 1070
PALUSTRIS, Linn 1069
var. amhig'ua, Bab — 1070
var. hyb'rida, Benth. 1070
SYLVAT'ICA, Linn 1071
STA'CHYS
SYLVATTCT-PALUS'TRIS,
Wirtg 1070
STAFHYLEA
PINNA'TA 322
Staph ijlier aile (Ft.)
Star of Bethlehem, Common ... 1524
Drooping ... 1523
■ Spiked 1525
Yellow 1522
Star-Thistle 711
■ Rough 710
Starch Hyacinth 1529
Stiirkerer Schwingel (Ger.)
Starve Segge (Ger.)
Starren Schwingel (Ger.)
Starves Hahichtskraul (Ger.)
STAT'ICE
Arme'ria, Linn 1152 & 1153
Sm 1152
auricul&fo'lia, Benth.
1159 & 1160
bahusien'sis, Fries 1158
Be'hen, Drejer 1156 & 1157
var. pyramida'lis,
Syme 1157
bellidifo'lia, Gouan 1161
BINERVO'SA, G. E. Sm.
1159 & 1160
var. Dodar'tii, Syme 1160
var. intermedia, Syme
var. occidentals,
Syme 1159
CAS'PIA, WiUd 1161
Dodar'tii, Bab. (olim)
Gir 1160
elonga'ta, var. pubes'cens,
Koch (?) 1153
Lima' ni urn, Gren. & Godr. 1156
LIMO'NIUM, Linn.
1156-1158
Reich 1157
Sm 1156 & 1157
86 vii.
58 vii.
57 vii.
58 vii.
58 vii.
59 vii.
58 vii.
234 235 196 195 197 194 37 36 203 147 112 109 202
157 vii.
157 vii.
163 vii.
162 vii. 161 vii.
161 vii.
165 vii.
163 vii.
164 vii. 164 vii.
164 vii.
165 vii. 164 vii. 164 vii.
157 vii.
161 vii.
/1G0,\ •■
161 vii.
161 vii.
PLATE TAGE
STAT'ICE
var. Benth 1158 162
var. 3, Sm 1159 164
var. Be'hen, Boiss. ... 1156 161
var. genui'na, Boiss. 1157 161
var. Scan' ica, Fries
1156 & 1157 161
mariti'ma, Sm 1152 157
occidrnta'lis, Lloyd 1159 164
plantagin'ea, All 1154 159
Fseudo-Limo'nium, Reieh. 1156 161
rariflo'ra, Drejer 1158 162
reticula'ta, M. Bieb 1161 165
sero'tina, Gren. & Godr. (in
part) 1157 161
spathula'ta, Hoot 1159 164
Statice limonium (Ft.) 162
Stechende Simse (Ger.) 67
STEENHAMMA'BIA
mar it' ima, Fries 1099 93
STEENHAM'MEBA
mar it' ima, Reich 1099 93
Steife Segge (Ger.) 109
Wolfsmilch (Ger.) 102
Steifer Gdnsefuss (Ger.) 20
Sauerklee (Ger.) 215
Steifes Borstengras (Ger.) 198
Steifhaariges Vergissmeinnicht
(Ger.) 107
Steigende Waldrebe (Ger.) 3
Steinpderleinhlattrige Bose (Ger.) 204
STELLA'KIA
AQUATTCA, Scop 227 91
Borxa'na, Jord 94
cerastoi'des, Linn 226 90
Elizabe'thw, "F. Schultz" 95
GLAU'CA, Nith 231 97
GRAMIN'EA, Linn 232 9S
grandiflo' ra, "Tenore," Woods.... 95
HOLOSTEA, Linn 230 96
ME'DIA, With 229 93
Boreau 229 93
var. Boraja'na, Syme 94
var. neglec'ta, Syme 94
var. umbro'sa, Syme 95
neglec'ta, Wtihe 94
NEM'ORUM, Linn 228 93
pentag'yna, Gaud 227 9]
scapig'era, Willd 99
ULIGINO'SA, Mnrr , 233 99
umbro'sa, " Opitz.," Bab 95
Stellaire aqnatiqur (Ft.) 92
des bois (Fr.) 93
glauque (Fr.) 98
grammee (Fr.) 99
holostee (Fr.) 97
morgeline (Fr.) 95
Stengellose Eberwurz (Ger.) 17
Stengel umfassende Taubnessel
(Ger.) 70
VII.
vii. vii. vii.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
vii. vii. vii.
vni. viii.
IXDEX.
319
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Sternformige Segge (Ger.) 95 x.
Sternhyacinthe (Ger.) 201 ix.
Stiefmutterchen (Ger.) 25 ii.
Stiel Eiche (Ger.) 146 viii.
Stielfriichtige Keilmelde (Ger.) 38 viii.
Stinhende Grundfeste (Ger.) 15S v.
Hnnds-Kamille (Ger.) 50 v.
Niessvourz (Ger.) 59 i.
Stiiikender Gansefuss (Ger.) 13 viii.
Stinking Goosefoot 1187 13 viii.
Groundsel 752 82 v.
Hawk's-beard 815 158 v.
Hellebore 15 59 i.
Mayweed 720 50 v.
St. John's Wort 266 116 ii.
STITA
[penna'ta, L.] (excluded) 200 xi.
Stitchwort 229 95 ii.
Bog 231 100 ii.
Fountain 233 100 ii.
Glaucous Marsh 231 98 ii.
Greater 230 97 ii.
Lesser 232 99 ii.
Wood 228 93 ii.
Stock, Great Sea 104 152 i.
Hoary Shrubby 105 153 i.
Stone Bramble 441 160 iii.
crop, Biting 532 55 iv.
English 531 54 iv.
Foreter's 537 60 iv.
Glaucous 535 58 iv.
Hairy 528 51 iv.
Insipid 533 56 iv.
Rock 536 59 iv.
Thick-leaved 530 54 iv.
White 529 52 iv.
Yellow 534 57 iv.
Stonewort, Glabrous 579 108 iv.
■ Hedge 578 107 iv.
Stork's bill, Common 307 207 ii.
Musk 308 208 ii.
Sea 3(>9 209 ii
Stramoine afeuilles sinuees (Fr.) 104 vi.
Strand-Aster (Ger.) Ill v.
Strangle-weed 928 92 vi.
Strapwort, Sand 1170 177 vii.
8tra tlote (does (Fr.) 80 ix.
STRATIO'TES
ALOI'DES, Linn 1445 80 ix.
Straussartige Brombeere (Ger.) 169 iii.
Strausslliitltigcr Fritdlos (Ger.) 144 vii.
Strawberry, Barren 427 144 iii
Hautbois 439 156 iii.
Tree S82 29 vi.
Wild 438 155 iii.
Stumpfbldttriger Ampfer (Ger.) 47 viii.
Stumpfbldtbriges Samkraut (Ger.) 4S ix.
Stw.ipfUuthige Binse (Ger.) 29 x.
Stun.diut (Ger.) ; 05 i.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
STUB'MIA
LSsel'ii, Beich 1488 133 ix.
min'ima, Hoppe 10S9 7 xi.
ver'na, Pers 1689 7 xi.
SU^E'DA
FRUTIGO'SA, Forsk 1178 2 viii.
MARIT'IMA, Dumort. ... 1179 3 viii.
var. ascen'dens, Syme 3 viii.
var. procuni'bens, Syme ... 3 viii.
Subulaire aguaMgue (Ft.) 201 i.
SUBULA'EIA
AQUA'TICA, Linn 143 201 i.
SUCCI'SA
praten'sis, Monch 677 250 iv.
Succory, Swine's 788 127 v.
Wild 786 123 v.
Sueda ligneuse (Fr.) 3 viii.
maritime (Fr.) 4 viii.
Sulphur -wort 609 149 iv.
Meadow 604 140 iv.
Water-Dropwort... 595 127 iv.
Sump/ Bcddgreis (Ger.) 88 v.
Blutauge (Ger.) 153 iii.
Dotterblu.me (Ger.) 52 i.
Dreizach (Ger.) 66 ix.
Glockenheide (Ger.) 38 vi.
Harthen (Ger.) 160 ii.
Herzblatt (Ger.) 86 iv.
Iluttonie (Ger.) 130 vii.
Isnardie (Ger.) 27 iv.
Kratzdistel (Ger.) 13 v.
Labhraut (Ger.) 222 iv.
Lausekraut (Ger.) 179 vi.
Platterbse (Ger.) 109 iii.
Buhrkraut (Ger.) 73 v.
Saudistel (Ger.) 157 v.
Schmiele (Ger.) 69 xi.
Schotenweiderich (Ger.) 19 iv.
Segge (Ger.) 166 x.
Straudliiig (Ger.) 175 vii.
Tolfieldie (Ger.) 224 ix.
Weichkraut (Ger.) 135 ix.
Veilchen (Ger.) 14 ii.
Vergissmeinnicht (Ger.) 100 vii.
VogeUeraut (Ger.) 100 ii.
Ziest (Ger.) 57 vii.
Sumpfbinse (Ger.) 33 x.
Sumpfried (Ger. ) 52 x.
Sumpfscheuclizeri (Ger.) 67 ix.
Sundew, English 183 33 ii.
Intermediate 1S4 33 ii.
Larger Long-leaved ... 183 33 ii.
Les>er Long-leavLd ... 1S4 33 ii.
Bound-leaved 182 31 ii.
Sun-Rose 165 8 ii.
Spurge 1254 100 viii.
Sureau noir (Fr.) 200 iv.
Su rea u Yeble (Fr.) 201 iv.
Suron-Terrenpise (Fr.) 114 iv.
320
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
SussholzbVdttrige Bdrenschote (Ger.) ... 76 iii.
Swallow-wort 67 100 i.
Swedish Turnip 89 135 i.
Sweet Alyssum 140 198 i.
Chestnut 1290 159 viii.
Cicely 626 170 iv.
-Flag 1391 11 ix.
Milk Vetch 377 76 iii.
scented Coltsfoot 781 118 v.
Evening Primrose 509 26 iv.
Vernal-grass 1696 18 xi.
Violet 171 15 ii.
Woodruff 660 228 iv.
Sweetbriar, Common 468 210 iii.
Small-flowered 469 212 iii.
leaved 470 212 iii.
SWER'TIA
[peren'nis, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 81 vi.
Swine's Cress 160 222 i.
Succory 788 127 v.
Sycamore 320 231 ii.
S YMPHOBICAB'P US
[racemo'sus, Mich.'] (excluded)... 210 iv.
SYMPHYTUM
[asper'rimum, M. Bieb.]
(excluded) 121 vii.
OFFICINALE, Linn.
1115 & 1116 114 vii. var. pa'tens, Syme ... 1116 115 vii.
[Orientate, Linn.] (excluded) ... 121 vii.
pa'tens, Sibth 1116 115 vii.
[Tau'ricum, Willd.] (ex-
cluded) 121 vii.
TUBERO'SUM, Linn. ... 1117 116 vii.
Taber-ndmontaii's Simse (Ger.) 64
Tabouret cles Alpes (Fr.) 205
des champs (Fr.) 203
perfolie' (Fr.) 204
Tamarisk, English 261 139
Tamarisque (Fr.) 139
TAMARIX
ANG'LICA, Webb 261 139
gal'Uca, Sm 2G1 139
Tn misier commun (Fr.) 171
TAMUS
COMMU'NIS, Linn 1508 170
cret'ica, Linn 171
e'dulis, Lowe 171
TANACE'TUN
Leucan'themum, Reich, fil. 714 41
Parthe'nium, C. H. Schultz. 715 43
vulga're, Linn .,, 716 44
Tanaisie commune (Fr.) 45
Tansy, Common 716 45
leaved Yarrow 728 58
PLATE PAGE
TARAXACUM
Dens-leo'nis, Desf. 802 142
erythrosper'mum, Andr. ... 803 142
Ixviga'tum, DC 143
OFFICINALE, Wigg.
802-804 142
Gr. &Godr 802 142
var. erythrosper'mum,
Syme 803 142
var. glances' cens,
Koch 803 142
var. lteviga'tum, Syme 143
var. liv'idum, Koch 804 143
var. palus'tre, Syme 804 143
var. taraxacoi'des,
Koch 143
palus'tre, DC 804 143
u'dum, Jord 144
Tare, Four-seeded Slender 383 86
Hairy 382 84
Many-seeded Slender 384 87
Taschelkraut (Ger.) 212
Taube Trespe (Ger.) 164
Tauben-Skabiose (Ger.) 252
Taubenkropp (Ger.) Ill
Taumel Lolch (Ger.) 188
Tausch (Ger.) 162
Tausendgiddenkraid (Ger.) 68
Tausindkorniger Zwerg-Lein (Ger.) ... 180
TAXUS
bacca'ta, Lindl 1384 277
BACCA'TA, Linn 1384 277
var. fasti^ia'ta, Syme 277
fastigia'ta, Lindl 277
Tea-plant 933 99
Teasel, Cultivated 675 247
headed Trefoil 350 43
Small 676 249
Wild 674 246
TEESDA'LIA
Ibe'ris, DC 150 209
NUDICAU'LIS, R. Brown 150 209
petree'a, Reich 151 210
Teesdalie irre'guUere (Fr.) 209
TELMATOPEA'GE
gib'ba, Schleid 1396 22
TERACHIA
German'ica, Presl 1881 136
Euta-mura'ria, Presl 1880 135
Terrenoix commune (Fr.) 113
TEU'CRIUM
BO'TRYS, Linn 1091 81
CHAM.E'DRYS, Linn. ... 1094 84
[re 'gium, Schreb.] (excluded) ... 87
scordioi'des, Bab 83
[ Schreb.] (excluded) 87
SCOR'DIUM, Linn 1092 82
SCORODO'NIA, Linn. ... 1093 85
Teufels Abbas (Ger.) 250
Vlll.
viii.
viii.
viii.
vi.
xn. xii. iv.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. iv.
INDEX.
321
PLATE PAGE VOL.
THALIC'TEOI
ALPI'XUM. Linn
colli' man ? Wall
eumi'nus, Syme
FLA'VUM, Linn
Beich
var. Moriso'ni, Syme
Tar. ripa'rhim, Syme
yar. sphserocar'pum,
8a
87 8)3
•>yme.
flexuo'sum, Bernh 5
KOCH'II, Fries 6
ma'jus, Sm o
MI'XUS, Linn 3-5
Auct. Plur 3 & 4
(in part), Benth., &c. 5
7, Hook. & Arn 7
var. marit'imum,
>yme.
var. monta'uum, Syme 4
monta'num, Wallr 4
Moriso'ni, Reich 8 7
ripa'rium, Jord 8 $
mxat'ile, Bab 6
SAXAT'ILE, ScWefcfc. ... 7 8
THELTP'TERIS
, palus'tris, Schott 1848 52
Thesion (Fr.) 88
THE'SIUM
. dirarica'tum, var. Ang'li-
cum, Alph.DC 1248 88
var. Gal'licum, Alph.
DC
var. g ra'eile, Alph. DC
HUMIFU'SUM, DC. 1248
[hu'mile, YahT] (excluded)
[interme'dium, Schrad.'] (ex- cluded) 89
linophyl'lum, Sm 1248
Thistle, Carline 698
Creeping Plume-. ..693 & 694
Dwarf 692 & 692 (bis)
Marsh 688
Meadow 690
Melancholy 691
Milk 681
Musk 683
Scotch 680
Slender-flowered 682
Spear- 686
St. Barnaby's 712
Tuberous 689
Welted 684
Woolly-headed 687
THLASTI
ALPES'TRE, Linn. ... 146-148
alpei'tre, Gr. & Godr., &
Reich 146
Sm.. 148
Xll.
viii.
|
88 |
Till. |
|
88 |
viii. |
|
88 |
viii. |
|
89 |
viii. |
|
89 |
viii. |
|
88 |
viii. |
|
22 |
v. |
|
19 |
v. |
|
17 |
v. |
|
13 |
v. |
|
15 |
v. |
|
16 |
v. |
|
5 |
v. |
|
7 |
V. |
|
3 |
V. |
|
6 |
V. |
|
11 |
V. |
|
38 |
V. |
|
14 |
V. |
|
9 |
V. |
|
12 |
V. |
204
205 206
PLATE PAGE
THLASTI
alpm'tre, var. o, Bab 146 205
rar. 3, Bab 147 206
var. 7, Hook. & Arn. 148 206
ABVEN'SE, Linn 144 202
Bursa-pasto'ris, Linn 152 211
calamina're, "Lej.," Cre'pin 148 206
campes'tre, Linn 156 216
errat'icum, Jord 204
hir'tom, Sm 157 217
occita'num, Jord 147 206
PERFOLIA'TUM, Linn. 145 203
sylves'rre, Jord 146 205
vi'rens, Jord 148 206
Thorn-apple, Common 935 104
Thorough-wax 589 120
Thread Rush 1565 27
Thrift, Common 1152 & 1153 158
Hybrid 1155 159
Plantain-leaved 1154 159
THRIN'CIA
hir'ta, Roth 792 131
Thrinciehe'rissee (Fr.) 132
Throat-wort, Great 867 10
Thrum Wort 1442 75
Thym serpolet (Fr.) 26
Thyme, Basil 1048 33
— Creeping Wild 1043 26
Larger Wild 1044 28
leaved Sandwort 236 103
THYMUS
Ac'inos, Linn 1048 32
Calamin'tha, Sm.... 1050 & 1051 34
Chamfe'drys, Fries 1044 27
eu-Serpyrium, Syme 1043 26
Nep'eta'.Sm 1049 33
Strpyl'lum, Fries 1043 26
SERPYL'LOI, Linn. 1043, 1044 25
var. a, Hook. & Arn. 1043 26
Tar. 3, Hook. & Arn. 1044 27
var. Chamx'drys,
Koch 1044 27
THYSSELTNUM
palus'tre, Hoffm 610 149
TLLTA
coralli'na, Sm 173
europx'a, Benth 285-287 177
Sm 286 173
GRANDIFO'LIA, Ehrh. 285 172
INTERMEDIA, DC. 286 173
microphyl'la, Willd 287 176
PAHVIFO'LIA, Ehrh. ... 287 176
Tar. intermedia, Koch 286 173
Tar. polyan'tha, Koch 287 176
platyphyl'la, Gren. & God. 285 172
platyphyl'los, Scop 285 172
Tu'bra,DC 173
eylves'iris, Des£ 287 176
vulga'ris, Hayn 286 173
1.
i.
i.
i. vi. iv.
x. vii. vii. vii.
Til.
vii.
vii.
vii.
ii.
vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii. vii.
322
ENGLISH BOTANY
PLATE PAGE
TILL^'A
Mossy 524 47
MTJSCCSA, Linn 524 47
TiUe'e mousse (Fr) 47
Tilled "a grandes feuilles (Fr.) 1-3
a petites feuilles (Fr.) 177
officinal (Fr.) m
Timothee-G-ras (Ger.) 33
Tiniotbv-grass, Alpine 1705 3L
' Common 1706 & 1707 32
Purple-stalked 1708 34
. Sand 1709 35
TTSMA
See Tixea.
TIN'EA
cylindra'cea, Biv 1465 108
TITHYMALUS
. auricida'tus, Lam 12o3 98
lielioseo'pius, Lam 1254 99
rnarit'imus, Lam 1263 109
Toadflax, Decumbent 958 137
-Ivy-leaved 955 134
. Jersey 959 138
-Least 965 & 966 144
Purple 960 139
Striped 961 140
Yellow 962-964 142
. (see Fluellin) ...956 & 957 135-6
Toad Rusb, var. a 1572 36
var.j8 1573 36
TOFIEL'DIA
PALUS'TRIS, Huds 1543 223
Tofieldie a collerette (Fr.) 224
ToUkirsche (Ger.) 100
TOLYPEL'LA
glomera'ta, Leonb 1905 186
intrica'ta, Leonli 1907 188
[nidif'ica, Leonb.] (ex-
cluded) 191
prolif'era, Leonb 1908 189
Tongue-under-Tongue 376 75
Tootbwort 107 157
- 1006 190
Toque naine (Fr.) 49
Torcb-blade 937 111
Tordyle elexe (Fr.) 156
TOEDYLTUM
Anthris'eus, Linn 620 163
MAXIMUM, Linn 614 155
nodosum, Linn 621 164
[officinale, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 179
TOEI'LIS
Anthris'eus, Gmel 620 163
Helvetica, Gmel 619 162
infes'ta, Spr 619 162
nodosa, G'artn 621 164
Tonnentil, Common 430 147
Creeping 431 14S
vm. viii. viii.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
x.
x.
ix. ix. vi.
xii. xii.
xii. xii.
TLATE PAGE VOL.
TOBMENTIL'LA
erec'ta, Linn 430 146 iii.
— — officinalis. Sm 430 146 iii.
rep'tans, Linn 431 147 iii.
Torment ille (Fr.) 147 iii.
Tormentillwurz (Ger.) 147 iii.
Tower Mustard. Hairy 116 166 i.
Turkey Pod .' 118 169 i.
Wall Cress 118 169 i.
Smootb 119 170 i.
TRACHYNO'TIA
altermflo ra, DC 16S8 5 xi.
stric'ta.BC 1687 4 xi.
TRAGOPO'GON
minor, Fries 799 139 v.
orienta'lis, Lina. ? 800 139 v.
POERIFO'LIUS, Linn.... 801 140 v.
var. pai-viflo'rus, Syme 801 141 v.
var. sativus, Syme ... 801 141 v.
PPtATEX'SIS, Linn.... 798-800 13S v.
praten'sis, Fries 798 138 v.
Sm. E. B 800 139 v.
var. grandiflo'rus,
Syme 800 139 v.
var. mi'nor, Syme 799 139 v.
Translucent Nitella 1901 180 xii.
Trauben-Eiche (Ger.) 157 viii.
Gamander (Ger.) 82 vii.
Kraniehschnabel (Ger.) 202 ii.
Traubenbliithiger Steinbrech
(Ger.) 74 iv.
Trci'ibenformige Trespe (Ger.) 169 xi.
Traubige Bisamhyacinthe (Ger.) 203 ix.
Traveller's Joy 1 3 i.
Treacle Mustard 102 149 i.
Tree Mallow 279 165 ii.
Meal- 640 204 iv.
Wayfaring 640 204 iv.
Trefle agglomere (Fr.) 51 iii.
couche (Fr.) 61 iii.
de Balbi (Fr.) 46 iii.
de Boccone (Ft.) 47 iii.
des champs (Fr.) 47 iii.
des pres (Fr.) 39 iii.
e'ro*7e'(Fr.) 44 iii.
e'touffe (Fr.) 52 iii.
til if orme (Fr.) 64 iii.
f raisier (Fr.) 59 iii.
hybride (Fr.) 5t iii.
incamat (Fr.) 45 iii.
intermediaire (Fr.) 41 iii.
jnundtre (Fr.) 42 iii.
maritime (Fr.) 43 ni.
raide (Fr.) 53 iii.
rampant (Fr.) 55 iii-
nnrerse (Fr.) 60 iii.
scabre (Fr.) 49 iii.
souti rrain (Fr.) 37 iii.
Trefoil, Balbi's 353 46 iii.
IXDEX.
323
PLAT1! PAGE VOL.
Trefoil, Boccone's 355 47 iii.
Common Bird's-foot ... 36S 66 iii.
Dense-flowered 359 52 iii.
Hare's-foot 354 47 iii.
Honeysuckle 347 39 iii.
Hop 365 61 iii.
Least Yellow 367 64 iii.
Lesser Yellow 366 63 iii.
Long-podded Small
Bird's foot 371 69 iii.
Marsh Bird's-foot 370 68 iii.
Beversed-flowered 364 60 iii.
Bough Eigid 357 49 iii.
Short-podded Small
Bird's-foot 372 70 iii.
Slender Bird's-foot 369 67 iii.
■ Smooth Bound-headed 35S 51 iii.
Soft-knotted 356 4S iii.
Starry-headed 351 44 iii.
■ Strawberry-headed 363 59 iii.
Subterranean 346 37 iii.
■ Sulphur-coloured 349 42 iii.
Teasel-headed 350 43 iii.
Upright Bound-heade 1 360 53 iii.
Zigzag 34S 41 iii.
TRICHO'DIUM
cani'num. Scrad 171S 46 xi.
seta'ceum, B. & S 1717 45 xi.
TEICHOATAXES
ala'tum. Hook 1839 33 xii.
brevisdtum, B. Br 1839 33 xii.
pelta'tum, Boiret 1841 36 xii.
pyxidif'erum, Linn 1839 33 xii.
EADI'CAXS. 8wa.rU 1839 33 xii.
var. Andrew'sii, Syme 33 xii.
epecio'sum, Willd 1839 33 xii.
Tunbridgen'se, Linn 1840 35 xii.
TEICHONE'MA
Buiboco'dium. Sm 1492 140 is.
COLUM'X,E, Reich 1492 140 ix.
Columna's 1492 141 ix.
TBICHOPH'OBUM
a&pfnum, Pera 1603(70) 176 x.
eaesptio'sum, Hartm.... 1590(55) 176 x.
Trumtole <? Europe (Fr.) 142 vii.
TEIEXTA'LES
EUEOP.EA, Linn 1139 142 vii.
TEIFO'LIUM
agru'rium, Huds 365 60 iii.
aremva'gurn, Jord 47 iii.
AEVEN'SE, Linn 354 46 iii.
Bocco'ni, Savi 355 47 iii.
el'egans, Savi 53 iii.
eu-incarna'tum, Byrne 352 44 iii,
FILIFOE'ME. Linn 367 63 iii.
nlifor'me, Koch 366 62 iii,
FBAGIFEBUM, Linn.... 363 58 iii.
GLOMEEA'TUM, Linn. 35S 50 iii,
grac'ile, Jord 47 iii
PLATE PAGE VOL.
TEIFO'LIUM
HYB'EIDUM, Linn 361
hyb'ridum, Koch 361
var. el'egans, Syme
LXCAEXATUM, Linn.
352 & 353
Bor 352
var. a. Auct. Plur. ... 352
var. ft, Auct. Plur. ... 353
Ixviga'tum, Desf. 360
macrorrJii'zum, W. & K. ... 341
MAEITIMUM Huds. ... 350
MEDIUM, Linn 348
Mefflotus in'dica, Linn. ? 344
ojncina'lis, var. /3,
Linn 342
var. 7, Linn 341
orn ithopodioi'desjuixm. 345
micran'tiium, Koch 367
MIXES, BeOum 366
Moline'rii, Balb 353
OCHEOLEU'CUM, Linn, 349
officinale, Sm 341
ornithopodioi' de$, Sm. E.B. 345
[parviflo'rum, Elirh.~\ (ex-
cluded)
BEATEX'SE, Linn 347
Eeich 347
var. parviflo'rum, Syme
var. sati'vum, Syme
var. sylves'tre, Syme 348
PBOCUM'BENS, Linn.... 365
procum'bens, Huds 366
EE'PEXS; Linn 362
BESUMNATUM, Linn. 364
rubel'lum, Jord
sati'vum. Mill
SGA'BBUM, Linn 357
STELLA'TUM, Linn. ... 351
BTBIATUM, Linn 356
STEIC'TUM, WahM. &
Kit 360
BTJBTEBEA'NETJM,iinn. 346
SUFFOCATUM, Z inn.... 359
TEIGLO'CHIN
MABFTIMUM, Linn. ...1434 66
PALUSTEE, Linn 1433 65
TEIGOXEL'LA
OEXITHOPODIOI'DES,
DC. 345 34
Trigonelle pied d'oiseau (Fr.) 35
TEINTA
glau'ca, Eeich 107
[Kitaibe'lii, Bieb.~] (ex-
cluded) 179
pu'mila, Eeich 579 107
VULGA'EIS, DC 579 107
Trinie{Fi.) 108
|
53 |
iii. |
|
53 |
iii. |
|
53 |
iii. |
|
44 |
iii. |
|
44 |
iii. |
|
44 |
iii. |
|
45 |
iii. |
|
52 |
iii. |
|
29 |
iii. |
|
42 |
iii. |
|
4) |
iii. |
|
33 |
iii. |
|
31 |
iii. |
|
29 |
iii. |
|
34 |
iii. |
|
63 |
iii. |
|
62 |
iii. |
|
45 |
iii. |
|
41 |
iii. |
|
29 |
iii. |
|
34 |
iii. |
|
112 |
iii. |
|
37 |
iii. |
|
38 |
iii. |
|
3S |
iii. |
|
38 |
iii. |
|
38 |
iii. |
|
60 |
iii. |
|
62 |
iii. |
|
54 |
iii |
|
59 |
iii |
|
47 |
iii |
|
3S |
iii |
|
49 |
iii |
|
4-i |
iii |
|
48 |
iii |
|
52 |
iii |
|
36 |
iii |
|
51 |
iii |
324
ENGLISH BOTANY.
87
46
46 46
110
PLATE
TEIO'DIA
DECUM'BENS, P. de B. 1745
TBIPLEUBOSPEEMUM
inodo'rum, C. H. Sckultz
717 & 718 Koch 717
marit'imum, Koch 718
TBIPO'LIUM
vulga're, Nees 776
TBISE'TUM
flaves'cens, P. de B 1736
prie'cox, Dum 1735
praten'se, Dum 1738 & 1739
Pers 1736
pubes'cens, R. & S 1737
TEIT'ICUM
acu'tum, VC. 1812
affi'ne,T>eth 1812
alpi'num, Don 177
campes'tre, Gr. & Godr 181
CANI'NUM, Euds 1809 176
var- biflor'um, Mitt 177
[crista'tum, Schreb.] (ex-
cluded) 202
eu-re'pens, Syme 1810 178
intermedium, Host 181
JUN'CEUM, L 1813 183
lax'um, Fr 1812 182
littora'le, Host 1811 180
lolia'ceum, Sm 1759
pinna'tum, Mouch 1808
pun'gens, Koch 1811
Pers 1812
var. interme'dium,
Syme
var. littora'le, Syme
var. pycnan'thum,
Syme
re'pens, Auct. PI 1810
EE'PENS, L 1810-1812
var. 7, Sm 1811
var. ba,iba,'tum,Duval-
Jouve 179
var. ohtu'sum, Syme 179
var. littore'um, Bab 181
Rottbol'lia, DC 1759 110
Se'pium, Lam 1809 176
sylvat' icum, Monch 1807 173
TBIX'AGO
visco'sa, Reich 994 176
Troene commun (Fr.) 60
Trollblume (Ger.) 54
Trolle globuleuse (Fr.) 54
TROL'LIUS
EUROP^'US, Linn 42 53
Troscart des marais (Fr.) 66
maritime (Ft.) G6
Triigerisches Samkraut (Ger.) 40
|
73 |
xi |
|
71 |
xi. |
|
75 |
xi |
|
73 |
xi |
|
74 |
xi |
|
182 |
xi. |
|
182 |
xi |
|
177 |
xi |
110 175 180 182
181 180
180
178 178 180
xi. xi. xi.
xi. xi. xi. xi. xi.
xi. xi.
XL
xi.
XI.
xi.
IX.
ix.
PLATE TAGB VOL.
Tulip, Wild 1520 191 ix.
TU'LIPA
SYLVES'TRIS, Linn. ...1520 190 ix.
Tulipe sauvage (Fr.) 190 ix.
Tunbridge Filmy Fern 1840 35 xii.
TUBGE'NIA
latifo'lia, Koch 618 161 iv.
Tiirhenbund Lilie (Ft.) 1S8 ix.
Turkey Pod 115 164 i.
Tower 118 169 i.
Turnip 90 136 i.
Swedish 89 135 i.
TUBBl'TIS
gla'bra, Linn 119 169 i.
hirsu'ta, Sm 116 167 i.
Tussilage blanclidtre (Fr.) 119 v.
parfume (Fr.) 118 v.
pas d'dne (Fr.) 116 v.
pelasite (Fr.) 120 v.
TUSSILA'GO
al'ba, Linn 782 118 v.
[alpi'na, Linn.'] (excluded) 217 v.
FAR'FARA, Linn 780 115 v.
fra'grans, Yill 781 117 v.
hyb'rida, Linn 784 119 v.
Petasi'tes, Linn 783 119 v.
Tutsan 264 144 ii.
T way Blade, Common 1477 121 ix.
Lesser 1476 120 ix.
TYTHA
ANGUSTIFO'LIA, Linn. 1386 4 ix.
LATIFO'LIA, Linn 1385 2 ix.
var. me'dia, Syme 3 ix.
me'dia, DC 3 ix.
[mi'nor, Sin.] (excluded) 9 ix.
U'DOBA
Canadensis, Nutt 1446 81 ix.
Uebersehene K'dsepappel (Ger.) 169 ii.
Ufer-Melde (Ger.) 28 viii.
Segge (Ger.) 168 x.
U'LEX
eu-na'nus. Syme 325 7 iii.
EUROPiE'US, Linn. ... 323 4 iii.
var. stric'tus, Syme 4 iii.
var. vulga'ris, Syme... 323 4 iii.
Gal'lii, Planch 324 6 iii.
NA'NUS, Forst 324 & 325 6 iii.
Planch 325 7 iii.
var. a, Auct. PI 325 7 iii.
var. Gal'lii, Auct. ... 324 6 iii.
provincia'lis, Legall 324 6 iii.
stric'tus, Mack 4 iii.
UL'MUS
campes'tris, Linn.... 1285 & 1286 137 viii.
campes'tris, Linn. Herb — 1287 141 viii.
Sm 1285 138 viii.
INDEX.
325
PLATE PAGE VOL.
UL'MUS
campestris, var. nu'do.
Koch 1287 141 viii.
var. subero'sa, Koch.
1285 & 1286 137 viii.
carpinifo'lia, Lindl 1286 138 viii.
glabra, Sm 1286 138 viii.
<jla'bra,\. latifo'lia, Lindl 142 viii.
major, Sni 142 viii.
mi'nor. Mill 1285 138 viii.
MONTANA, Auct 12S7 141 viii.
Sm 1287 142 viii.
var. ma'jor, Syme 142 viii.
var. nit'ida, Syme 142 viii.
stric'ta, Lindl 1286 138 viii.
stric'ta, Lindl 1287 141 viii.
SUBERO'SA, Eftrli.
1285 & 1286 137 viii.
Sm 1285 138 viii.
var. ma'jor, Hook. &
Arn 142 viii.
UMBILFCUS
penduU'ntus, DC 534 62 iv.
Unachter Gdnsefuss (Gar.) 18 viii.
T nterbrochener Windhalm (Ger.) 45 xi.
UE'TICA
DIO'ICA. Linn 1279 127 viii.
Dodar'tii. Linn 1281 129 viii.
PILULIF'ERA. Hook. &
Arn 1280 & 1281 129 viii.
Linn 1280 129 viii.
var. Dodartii, Syme. . . 1281 129 viii.
U'REXS, Linn 1282 130 viii.
VtricuJaire commune (Fr.) 127 vii.
interme'diaire (Fr.) 129 vii.
naine (Fr.) 128 vii.
UTEICUEAEIA
INTERMEDIA, Wayne... 1127 128 vii.
ma'jor, Schmidel 1125 (bis) 127 vii.
MI'XOR. Linn 1126 128 vii.
NEGLEC'TA, Lehm, 1125 (bis) 127 vii.
YULGA'RIS, Linn 1125 126 vii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Valerian, Heart-leaved 667
Red 664
Small Marsh 668
YALEELA'NA
denta'ta, Ehrh 672
DIOI'CA, Linn 668
238 234 239
243 238 240 235 236 236 236
VACCLNTTJM
[macrocar'pam, Ait.] (excluded) 54 vi.
MYRTIL'LUS, Linn 879 24 vi.
OXYCOC'COS. Linn 876 20 vi.
UUGINO'SUM, Linn. ... 878 23 vi.
YITIS-ID.EA. Linn 877 22 vi.
Yaillantie he'rissee (Fr.) 225 iv.
YaiUants Erdrauch (Ger.) 114 i.
VALAN'TIA
[Apari'ne. Linn.] (excluded) ... 232 iv.
crucia'ta, Linn 647 213 iv.
Valerian, Cut-leaved 665 235 iv.
Great Wild 666 237 iv.
Greek 922 82 vi.
VOL. XII. 2 u
236 238 233 236 238
Locus' ta, Linn 669
OFFICIXA'LIS, Linn. ... 666
Mik 666
Sm 666
var. Mika'nii, Syme... 666
var. sambucifolia,
Syme 666
PYREXA'ICA, Linn 667
rubra, Linn 664
sambucifo'lia. Mik 666
YaUriane des Pyrenees (Fr.)
dioique. (Fr.) 239
officinale (Fr.) 237
VALEEIANEL'LA
AURICULA, DC. 671 241
C ABINATA, Lois 670 241
denta'ta, DC 671 241
DENTA'TA, Koch 672 243
ERIOCARTA, Desv 673 244
mix'ta, Duf. 672 243
Moriso'nii, Dn£ 672 243
OLITO'RIA, Monch 669 240
tridenta'ta, Reich 671 241
Velar (Fr.) 148,149
VEL'LA
[an'nua, Linn.'] (excluded) 224
Yenus'-Comb, Common 627 172
Looking-glass, Small-flowered
874 18
VEEBAS'CUM
BLATTA'RIA, Linn. ... 942 116
blattarioi' des, Lam 941 115
edMnum, Schiad 944 118
flocco'sum, W. ft K 938 112
LYCHNTTIS, Linn 939 113
p. Thap'si, Sm 943 117
)3. thapsoi'des, With.
fil 943 117
ni'gro-flocco'sum, Koch ... 945 118
ni'gro-Lychni'tis, Schiede 946 119
nigro-pulverulen'tum, Sm. 945 118
NIGRUM. Linn 940 114
var. iti'gro-Lycluti'tis,
Bab 9W 119
var. ova'tum, Koch... 946 119
var. tomento'sum, -Ba?) 115
[phlomi 'das, Linn.] (excluded)... 187
[phrenic'eurn. Linn.] excluded) 187
PULVERULEN'TUM, YiU.
938 112
£. ni'gro-pulverulen'-
tum, Sm 945 118
Schiedia'num, Koch 946 119
iv. iv. iv. iv. iv.
iv. iv.
iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv. iv.
vi. vi.
vi. vi.
vi.
vi. vi.
vi. vi.
326
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE TAGE VOL.
VEEBAS'CUM
Schottia'num, Schrad 945 118 vi.
Schrad' eri,M.ey 937 110 vi.
spur'ium, Koch 943 117 vi.
[thapsifor'me, Mey.~\ (excluded) 187 vi.
thapsoi'des, Huds 943 117 vi.
Thap'so-Lychni'tis, With. 943 117 vi.
Thap'so-ni'grum, Schrad. 944 118 vi.
THAP'SUS, Linn 937 110 vi.
var. ni'gro-Lychni'tis,
With 946 119 vi.
j8. Thap'so-ni'grum,
With 944 118 vi.
VIRGA'TUM, With 941 115 vi.
VEEBE'NA
OFFICINALIS, Linn. 1018 202 vi.
Verge d'or commune (Fr.) 114 v.
Vergerette acre (Fr.) 109 v.
des Alpes (Fr.) 110 v.
du Canada (Fr.) 108 v.
Verliingerte ' Segge (Ger.) 100 x.
Vernachldssigtes Schilf (Ger.) 57 xi.
Vernal-grass, Sweet-scented ... 1G96 18 xi.
Verneinkraut (Ger.) 88 viii.
VEKONTCA
AGRES'TIS, Linn 972 151 vi.
var. Benth 971 150 vi.
AlUo'ni, Hook 163 vi.
ALPI'NA, Linn 980 159 vi.
anagallifor'mis, Bor 169 vi.
ANAGAL'LIS, Linn 989 168 vi.
Bor 989 168 vi.
ARVEN'SIS, Linn 976 155 vi.
BECCABUN'GA, Linn. 990 169 vi.
BUXBAUM'II, Ten 973 152 vi.
CHAM^'DRYS, Linn. ... 986 164 vi.
did'yma, Ten. ? 971 150 vi.
eu-serpyllifo'lia, Syme 978 157 vi.
[fruticulo'sa, Linn.'] (excluded) 188 vi.
0. pilo'sa, Benth 9S1 160 vi.
HEDERIFO'LIA, Linn. 970 149 vi.
hirsu'ta. Hopk 9S5 163 vi.
humifu'sa, Dicks 979 158 vi.
hyb'rida, Linn 9S3 162 vi.
MONTANA, Linn 987 166 vi.
OFFICINALIS, ii/m. 984, 985 162 vi.
Sm 984 163 vi.
var. hirsu'ta, Syme . . . 985 163 vi.
parmula'ria, T. & P 168 vi.
PEREGRI'NA, Linn. ... 977 156 vi.
Per'siea, Poir. ? 973 152 vi.
POLITA, Fries 971 150 vi.
var. grandiflo'ra, Bab 150 vi.
SAXATTLIS, Linn 981 160 vi.
SCUTELLA'TA, Linn.... 9SS 167 vi.
SERPYLLIFO'LIA, Linn.
978 & 979 157 vi.
var. alpi'na, Hook. &
Am 979 158 vi.
PLATE PAGE '
VERONICA
serpyllifo'lia, var. borea'lis,
Last 979 158
var. humifu'sa, Bab. 979 158
SPICA'TA, Linn. ... 982 & 983 161
var. hyb'rida, Syme... 983 162
TRIPHYL'LOS, Linn. ... 974 153
VER'NA, Linn 975 154
Veronique a ecusson (Fr.) 168
a feuilles de lierre (Fr.) . . . 150
. a trois lobes (Fr.) 154
aquatique (Fr.) 170
de mo ntagne (Fr.) 167
des Alpes (Fr.) 159
des champs (Fr.) 156
des rochers (Fr.) 161
ene-pi(Fv.) 162
mouron d'eau (Fr.) 169
officinale (Fr.) 164
petit chene (Fr.) 165
printaniere (Fr.) 155
rustique (Fr.) 152
voyageuse (Fr.) 157
Verschiedenblattrige Kratzdistel
(Ger.) 16
Verschiedenfarbige Brombeere
(Ger.) 163
Verschieden/arbiges Vergissmein-
nicht (Ger.) 108
Vervain, Common 1018 202
Verveine officinale (Fr.) 202
Vesce a feuilles etroites (Fr.) 98
a quatre graines (Fr.) 86
cracca (Fr.) 88
cultive'e (Fr.) 96
des bois (Fr.) 91
des haies (Fr.) 92
fausse gesse (Fr.) 99
grele (Fr.) 87
jaune (Fr.) 94
orobe(Fr.) 89
Vetch, Alpine Milk 375 74
Bithynian 396 100
Bitter Wood 386 89
Black Bitter 407 112
Bush 388 92
Common Cultivated 392 96
Kidney 333 20
Wild 393 98
Duckling 304 109
Grass-leaved 398 103
Hairy-flowered 391 95
Horse-shoe 380 80
Liquorice ., 76
Purple Milk 376 75
Rough-podded Yellow... 389 94
Smooth-podded Sea 390 94
Spring 395 99
Sweet Milk 377 76
Tuberous Bitter 406 111
vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi. vi.
in. iii.
in. iii.
m. iii.
INDEX.
327
|
PLATE |
PAGE |
VOL. |
|
|
385 |
88 |
iii. |
|
|
Wood |
387 399 |
91 104 |
iii. |
|
iii. |
|||
|
Marsh |
404 400 |
109 105 |
iii. |
|
iii. |
|||
|
401 |
106 |
iii. |
|
|
397 |
102 |
iii. |
|
|
YIBUK'XOI |
|||
|
LW'TVVl Linn |
640 |
?03 |
iv. |
|
OPTLL'S. Linn |
639 |
202 |
iv. |
|
YICTA |
|||
|
angustifo'lia, Both ... 393 ft 394 |
97 |
iii. |
|
|
Sm |
394 393 394 |
98 97 98 |
iii. |
|
Forst |
iii. |
||
|
var. Bobar'tii, Koch. |
iii. |
||
|
var. segeta'li.-, Koch. |
393 |
97 |
iii. |
|
BITHYX'ICA. Linn |
396 |
99 |
iii. |
|
var. angustifo'lius, |
|||
|
396 |
100 |
iii. |
|
|
var. latifo'lia, Syme... |
396 |
100 |
iii. |
|
394 386 |
98 8S |
iii. |
|
|
cassv. Triea, var. Or'ohxs, DC. |
iii. |
||
|
CRIC'CA.. Linn |
385 |
87 |
m. |
|
389 |
93 |
iii. |
|
|
392 |
9fi |
iii. |
|
|
GR\C'ILIS, Lois |
384 382 |
86 84 |
iii. |
|
HIRSU'TA, Koch |
iii. |
||
|
HYB'RIDA, Linn |
391 390 395 |
94 94 98 |
iii. |
|
iii. |
|||
|
LATHYEOI'DES. Linn. |
iii. |
||
|
LUTE A. Linn 389 & 390 |
92 |
iii. |
|
|
Sm |
389 386 |
93 88 |
iii. |
|
OB'OBTJS, DC |
iii. |
||
|
392 |
96 |
iii. |
|
|
SATI'YA. Linn 392 |
-394 |
95 |
iii. |
|
var. a, Hook, ft Arn. |
392 |
96 |
iii. |
|
var. P, Serinee |
393 |
97 |
iii. |
|
var. angustifo'lia. H&b. |
393 |
97 |
iii. |
|
var. angustifo'lia, |
|||
|
Hook. & Am 393 & 394 |
97 |
iii. |
|
|
var. Bobar'tii.Hab. ... |
394 |
98 |
iii. |
|
var. lievioa'ta. Benth. |
390 |
94 |
iii. |
|
BETIUM, Linn |
3S8 387 |
91 90 |
iii. |
|
SYLYAT'ICA. Linn |
iii. |
||
|
TETEASPER'MA. Monch |
383 |
S5 |
iii. |
|
var. o. Hook. & Arn. |
383 |
85 |
iii. |
|
var. grac'ilis, Hook. |
|||
|
& Arn |
384 |
86 178 |
iii. |
|
Vielhliithige Weisswurz (Ger.)... |
ix. |
||
|
54 |
X. |
||
|
Vielsamiger Game fuss (Ger.) ... |
12 |
viii. |
|
|
Vielwurzelige WasserHnse (Ger.) |
24 |
ix. |
|
|
Vierbldttrige Einbeere (Ger.) ... |
174 |
ix. |
|
|
Vierbldttriges NageOtraut (Ger.) |
134 |
ii. |
|
|
Vierftugeliges Earthen (Ger.) ... |
153 |
ii. |
|
|
Vierkantiger Schoten iceid- rich |
|||
|
(Ger.) |
17 |
iv. |
|
|
Vierhantiges Hartheu (Ger.) ... |
152 |
ii. |
|
|
1 iergamige Erve (Ger.) |
86 |
iii. |
PLATE PAGE VOL.
VIL'FA
seta'cea. P. de B 1717 45 xi.
YILLAE'SIA
nymphxoi'des, Yent 921 80 vi.
YINCA
MA'JOR, Linn 905 62 vi.
MI'XOR, Linn 906 63 vi.
VTOLA
agres'tis, Jord 26 ii.
AUio'nii, Pio 174 (his) 235 ii.
AREXA'RIA, DC. ...174 (bis) 235 ii.
arven'sis. Murr 179 25 ii.
CAXI'XA, Bah 175 ft 17*3 21 ii.
Smith 173 19 ii.
Auct. Plur 175 21 ii.
Hook. & Am. ... 173 & 174 18 ii.
var. a, Bab 175 21 ii.
var. 0, Bab 176 22 ii.
contemp'ta, Jord 26 ii.
Cnrtis'ii, Forst 180 26 ii.
eu-tri'color, Syme 178 24 ii.
flacicor'nis, Forst 20 ii.
navicor'nis. Smith 175 21 ii.
HIR'TA, Linn 172 17 ii.
var. calcar'ea, Bah 18 ii.
lac' tea, Beich 177 22 ii.
Smith 176 22 ii.
lancifo'lia, Tbore 176 22 ii.
lep'ida, Jord 27 ii.
lu'tea. Huds 181 27 ii.
Curtis'ii, £. Bab 180 26 ii.
ODORA'TA. Linn 171 14 ii.
PALUSTBIS, Linn 170 13 ii.
pu'mila. Fries 176 22 ii.
Hook. & Arn 175 21 ii.
P, Hook. & Arn 176 22 ii.
Reichenbachia'na, Boreau. 174 20 ii.
Piivinia'na, Beich 173 19 ii.
■ sahulo'sa. Bar 180 26 ii.
segeta'lis, Jord 26 ii.
sepin'cola, Jord 18 ii.
STAGXI'XA. Kit 177 22 ii.
sude'tica. Willd 181 27 ii.
SYLYAT'ICA. Fries. 173 ft 174 18 ii.
Auct. Plur 174 20 ii.
a.Beichenhach'ii,'Ba.h. 174 20 ii.
P. Ricinia'na, Bab.... 173 19 ii.
syhes'tri--: Beich 174 20 ii.
Sy'mei, Baker 27 ii.
TIU'COWR, Linn., Benth.
178-181 23 ii.
var. Curtis'ii, Hook.
& Arn 180 26 ii.
var. o, Auct. Plur. ... 178 24 ii.
var. /3, Auct. Plux. ... 179 25 ii.
varia'ta, Jord 25 i.
Violet, Calathian (Gentian) 914 74 vi.
D.tmask 103 151 i.
Dame's 103 151 i.
328
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE
Violet, Dillenius's Dog 175
Dog Sand 174
Gerarde'sDog 173
Hairy 172
Haller's Dog 177
Horn Poppy 64
Marsh 170
Reichenbach's Dog 174
Smith's Dog 176
Sweet 171
Three-coloured 178
Water 1128
Willow 1366
Yiolette de Bivin (Fr.)
des champs (Ft.)
— des marais (Fr.)
— des sables (Fr.)..,
— herissee (Fr.) ,
— laete'e (Fr.)
— odor ante (Fr.) ... pense'e (Fr.)
Violier jaune (Fr.). Viorne mancienne (Fr.) obier (Fr.)
Viper's Bugloss, Common 1095
Purple 1096
Vipe'reuse vulgaire (Fr.)
• a poils uniformes (Fr.)
VISCA'BIA
alpi'na, Fries 214
purpurea, Wimm 213
vulga'ris, Ruhling 213
VIS'CUM
AL'BUM, Linn 635 (bis)
Vogel-Knoterich (Ger.)
Vogelkirsche (Ger.)
Volant d'eau afleurs alternes (Fr.) ...
en €pi (Fr.)
verticille (Fr )
VUL'PIA
ambig'ua, More 1780
bromoi'des, Dam 1782
Godr 1779
membrana'cea, Lank 1779
My n'ros, Gmel 1781
Pari 17S0-1782
var. a. Pari 1781
var. £. Iromoi'des,
Pari 1782
■ Pseudo-myu'ros. Eeich. ... 1781
sciuToi'des, Gmel 17S2
uniglu'mis, Dum 1779
Vulpiu des champs (Fr.)
des pre's (Fr.)
fauve (Fr.)
genouille' (Fr.)
|
PAGE |
VOL. |
|
22 |
ii. |
|
236 |
ii. |
|
20 |
ii |
|
18 |
ii |
|
23 |
ii |
|
96 |
i |
|
14 |
ii |
|
21 |
ii |
|
22 |
ii |
|
15 |
ii |
|
25 |
ii |
|
130 |
vii |
|
251 |
viii |
|
20 |
ii. |
|
26 |
ii. |
|
14 |
ii. |
|
236 |
ii. |
|
IS |
ii. |
|
22 |
ii. |
|
15 |
ii. |
|
25 |
ii. |
|
154 |
i. |
|
204 |
iv. |
|
203 |
iv. |
|
88 |
vii |
|
90 |
vii |
|
89 |
vii |
|
90 |
vii |
|
73 |
ii. |
|
72 |
ii. |
|
72 |
ii. |
|
189 |
iv. |
|
64 |
viii. |
|
120 |
iii. |
|
33 |
iv. |
|
32 |
iv. |
|
32 |
iv. |
|
140 |
xi. |
|
142 |
xi. |
|
138 |
xi. |
|
13S |
xi. |
|
141 |
xi. |
|
139 |
xi. |
|
141 |
xi. |
|
142 |
xi. |
|
141 |
xi. |
|
142 |
xi. |
|
138 |
xi. |
|
23 |
xi. |
|
28 |
xi. |
|
24 |
xi. |
|
26 |
xi. |
PLATE PAGE VOL.
WAHLENBERG'IA
hedera'cea, Eeich 875 18 vi.
WaTd Baldgreis (Ger.) 82 v.
Binse (Ger.) 18 x.
Brustirurz (Ger.) 145 iv.
Erve (Ger.) 91 iii.
Kerbel (Ger.) 16S iv.
Kranichschnabel (Ger.) 195 ii.
Ldusekraut (Ger.) 180 vi.
Marbel (Ger.) 7 x.
Flatterbse (Ger.) 107 iii.
Buhrkraut (Ger.) 75 v.
Sclncingel (Ger.) 150 xi.
Segge (Ger.) 145 x.
fibrose (Ger.) 70 x.
TitZpe (Ger.) 190 ix.
Vergissnu innicht (Ger.) 103,104 vii.
Ziest (Ger.) , 60 vii.
Zicenke (Ger.) 174 xi.
Waldbinse (Ger.) 30 x.
Waldmeier (Ger.) 228 iv.
Waldmeister (Ger.) 228 iv.
Waldminze (Ger.) 7, 8 vii.
Wall-Cress 163 i.
Wall Rue 1S80 135 xii.
Wallflower 102 149 i.
105 154 i.
Common 106 154 i.
Wart Cress, Common 160 222 i.
Lesser 159 221 i.
Warted Spurge, Bushy 1256 102 viii.
Broad-leaved... 1255 101 viii.
Wasser Baldgreis (Ger.) S7 v.
Braunvmrz (Ger.) 121 vi.
Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 169 vi.
Lobelie (Ger.) 2 vi.
Quellgras (Ger.) 95 xi.
Schwaden (Ger.) 101 xi.
Schwertel (Ger.) 146 ix.
Weichling (Ger.) 92 ii.
Wasserkresse (Ger.) 178 i.
Wasserpfeffer (Ger.) 71 viii.
Water Avens 459 200 iii.
Bttony, Common 947 121 vi.
-Ehrharfs 948 123 vi.
Blinks 259 137 ii.
Caltrops 41 52 i.
Can 54 79 i.
duckweed 227 92 ii.
259 137 ii.
Cress, Common 125 178 i.
Crowfoot 21 24 i.
Baudot's ... 22&23 26 i.
Ivy-leaved 26 30 i.
Lenormand's ... 25 29 ■ i.
Bigid-leaved ... 15 17 i.
Three-lobed ... 24 2S i.
Dock, Great 1220 52 viii.
■ Dropwort, Callous-fruited 594 126 iv.
Common 593 125 iv.
IXDEX.
329
PLATE
Water Avens, Dropwort, Fine- leaved 598
Hemlock ... 597
Parsley 596
River." 599
Sulphurwort... 595
Forget-me-not, Creeping 1105
Great ...1104
Tufted ... 1103
Germander 1092
Hemlock 571
Horehound 1019
Horsetail 1893
Lily. Common Yellow ... 54
—Least 56
White 53
- Lobelia 861
— Milfoil, Alternate-flowered 515
Spiked 514
Whorled 513
- Mint, Hairy 1030
— Parsnip 588
Great 587
Least.... 575
Procumbent 573 & 574
Pepper 1234
Plantain, Floating 1441
Greater 1437
var. £ 1438
Lester 1439
var. £... 1440
PAGE VOL.
131 129 128 132
127
102
100
98
83
97
2
159
79
80
77
2
33
32
32
14
119
118
103
110
71
74
71
71
72
73
Purslane 493
Radish, Small Jagged
127
Rocket 126
Great 128
Sedge 1641 & 1642
Soldier 1445
Speedwell 989
Star wort, Autumnal 1275
Hooked 1273
Large-fruited... 1272
Pedunculated 1274
Vernal 1271
Thyme 1446
Violet 1128
Whorl-grass 1750
Waterwort, Hexandrous 262
Octandrous 263
Wayfaring-tree 640
Weber Karde (Ger.)
WechseSblattriges MUzkraut (Ger.)
WechseZblutiuges Tausetutblaie (Ger.)... Wegebrettblatteriges Samkraut
(Ger.)
Wegerichbldttrige Gramelke (Ger.) ...
Wtgesenf (Ger.)
Weichblattrige Base (Ger.)
Weicher Kranichschnabel (Ger.)
Welches Soniggras (Ger.)
Weichluumge Birhe-(Ger.)
IV.
vii. vii. vii. vii.
iv.
vii.
xii.
i.
i.
i.
vi.
iv.
iv.
iv. vii.
iv.
181 180 182 113
80 169 123 121 120 122 119
82 130
95 141 142 204 247
85
33
30 159 144 208 193
84 187
vi. viii. viii. viii.
viii.
viii.
ix.
IX.
vii.
XI.
viii.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Weichkaarige Trespe (Ger.) 171 xi.
Weichhaariger Gansefuss (Ger.) 21 viii.
Haftr (Ger.) 75 xi.
Wtihnlldtteriger Latticli (Ger.) 150 v.
J J", idtnbliiltrigtr S>>'dont (Ger.) S3 viii.
ir< dnbergs-Laueh (Ger.) 211 ix.
WEIXGAER TXERIA
ca nts'cens, Bernh 1729 204(62) xi.
IP- .-in rose (Ger.) 210 iii.
Weist Seerose (Ger.) 77 i.
Weisen Waehtehoeizen (Ger.) 186 vi.
Weiss Klee (Ger.) 55 iii.
Weisse Fetthetme (Ger.) 52 iv.
Lichtnelke (Ger.) 6S ii.
Moorsim.se (Ger.) 47 x.
Neunhraft (Ger.) 119 v.
Taubnessel (Ger.) 75 vii.
TTeide(Ger.) 212 viii.
Weisser Ahom (Ger.) 231 ii.
Mietel(Gex.) 190 iv.
Sen/ (Ger.) 125 i.
Steinklee (Ger.) 31 iii.
Weissgraue Segge (Ger.) 103 x.
Winterlerhqje (Ger.) 153 i.
WeissUche MSsuwrz (Ger.) 104 ix.
Weissliches Sbraussgras (Ger.) 48 xi.
Weisspappd (Ger.) 193 viii.
Weld 164 5 ii.
WeUenblattrige Weide (Ger.) 214 viii.
Welsh Poppy 63 94 i.
Willow, White 1307 207 viii.
Welted Thistle 684 9 v.
Wtnigbliithige Segge (Ger.) 83 x.
Wermuth (Ger.) 62 v.
Whin ?323 5 iii.
Petty ?326 8 iii.
White Beam, Common 482 244 iii.
Lobed leaved 484 247 iii.
Rock 483 245 iii.
Thorn, Common 480 240 iii.
Glabrous 479 237 iii.
Whitlow Grass, Common (Fig. 2) 134 190 i. -(Fig. 3) 134 191 i.
Hoary 136 193 i.
Rock' 137 194 i.
Sea Green 138 195 i.
Speedwell-leaved 135 192 i.
Twisted-podded 136 193 i.
Wall 135 192 i.
Woolly 136 193 i.
Yellow Alpine 138 195 i.
Pepperwort 158 219 i.
Whorl-grass Water 1750 95 xi.
Whortleberry Red 877 23 vi.
Wiesen Ampfer (Ger.) 48 viii.
Barenschote (Ger.) 75 iii.
Fuchsschuxmz (Ger.) 28 xi.
Haftr (Ger.) 77 xi.
Hafencurz (Ger.) 140 v.
Knoterich (Ger.) 79 viii.
330
ENGLISH BOTANY.
Wiesen Kranichschnabel (Ger.)
Platterbse (Ger.)
Rispengras (Ger.)
Salbei (Ger.)
Silau (Ger.)
Wiesenknopf (Ger.)
Wiesenrannultel (Ger.)
Wiesenraute (Ger.)
Wild Angelica 607
Basil 1047
Cabbage 87
Carrot 616
Celery 572
Chamomile 719
Charlock 81
Chervil 624
Coleseed 89
English Clary 1056
French-Willow 495 & 496
Larkspur 47
Leek 1530 & 1531
Madder 645
Medlar 478
Mustard 83
Nasturtium 126
Navette 89
Navew 89
Oat 1741
Parsnip 612
Pear 488
Radish 81
Red Currant 521 & 522
Rosemary 883
Service-tree 481
Strawberry 438
Succory 786
Teasel 674
Thyme, Creeping 1043
Larger 1044
Tulip 1520
Valerian, Great 666
Vetch, Common 393
Williams 212
Wild Loffel-Kraut (Ger.)
Wilde Karde (Ger.)
Kdsepappel (Ger.)
Wilder Lattich (Ger.)
Rets (Ger.)
Wildersenf (Ger.)
Willow, Almond-leaved ... 1313-1315
Bay-leaved 1303
Bedford 1308
Blue 1310
Boyton 1318
Crack 1306
Donian 1365
Downy Mountain, var. a
1368-1370
Dwarf 1356-1362
Flowering 933
PAGE
196
105
128
45
140
134
39
4
145
32
130
158
99
48
121
168
135
43
10
64
206
212
235
124
180
135
135
80
152
252
121
45
31
242
155
123
246
26
28
191
237
98
71
49
246
1(37
148
3
144
216
203
208
212
219
207
220
253
248
99
i.
i.
i.
xi.
IV.
vi. iii. iii. v. iv. vii. vii. ix. iv.
i. iv.
ii.
l.
viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii. viii.
viii.
viii. vi.
PLATE
Willow, Golden 1311
herb, Broad-flowered . . . 499
Chickweed-leaved 505
Greater Alpine ... 506
Great hairy 497
Lesser Alpine ... 507
Long-podded square-stalked
502 17 Narrow-leaved Marsh
504 19 Short-podded square-stalked
|
PAGE |
VOL. |
|
213 |
viii. |
|
13 |
iv. |
|
21 |
iv. |
|
22 |
iv. |
|
11 |
iv. |
|
23 |
iv. |
503 Small-flowered hairy
"498 flowered smooth
501
Spear-leaved 500
-leaved Inula 768
Pondweed 1404
Spiram 414
Rosemary-leaved French 494
Rose 464
White 1309
18
12
15 14
100 34
126 7
206
212 10 36
Wild Fiench 495 & 496
Wilson's Filmy Fern 1841
Windblume (Ger.) 14
Windenartiger Knoterich (Ger.) 62
Wind Flower 11
Winter Aconite, Common 43
Cress 120
Early 124
green, duckweed 1139
Intermediate 897
Lesser 898
Round-leaved 895 & 896
Serrated 899
Single-flowered 900
Heliotrope 78 1
iv. iv.
13
56
171
176
142
49
50
48
51
52
118
Winterhresse (Ger.) 171
Winterling (Ger.) 56
Wirbeldost (Ger.) 32
Witches'-thimbles 870 13
Woad 161 223
Woldriechende • Sdssdolde (Ger.) 170
Wohlriechender KeUerhah (Ger.) 87
Odermennig (Ger.) ... 131
Wohlriecliendes Mariengras (Ger.) 10
Veilchen (Ger.) 15
WOLF'FIA
on-Afro, Wimm 1398 24
Michel'ii, Schleid 1398 24
Wolfsbane, Common 48 65
WolkSpfige Kratzdistel (Ger.) 12
Wollige Schlinge (Ger.) 204
WolHges Honiggras (Ger.) 85
Wood Anemone 11 13
Crowfoot 12 13
Yellow 12 13
Wood Avens 457 198
l.
i.
i.
i. vii. vi. vi.
INDEX.
331
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Wood Barley 1S20 193 xi.
Bt-tonv 1067 54 vii'
Bitter Vetch 386 89 iii.
Broine-grass, False 1807 174 xi
Calainint 1052 36 vii.
Chickweed 228 93 xi
Club-rash 1602 70 x
Couch-grass 1809 177 xi
Cow-wheat 1005 187 vi
Crane's-bill 296 195 ii
Crowfoot 32 37 i
Fescue-grass 1787 & 1788 149 xi.
Forget-me-not 1107 104 vii.
Germander 1093 85 vii.
Hawkweed 850 981 v.
Horsetail 1891 156 xii.
Hyacinth 1528 201 ix.
Meadow-grass 1768 & 1769 124 xi.
Melic-grass 1749 94 xi.
Millet-grass 1728 61 xi.
Nightshade 930 96 vi.
Sanicle 568 93 iv.
Sedge, Loose-spiked 1661 142 x.
Pendulous 1665 145 x.
Starved 1664 144 x.
Small-reed 1723 54 xi.
Sorrel 310 211 ii
Stitchwort 228 93 ii.
Vetch 387 91 iii.
Waxen 328 10 iii.
Woodbine, Common 642 207 iv.
Perfoliate 641 206 iv.
Woodruff, Blue Field 662 (bis) 231 iv.
Pink 662 230 iv.
Sweet 660 228 iv.
Wood-rush, Broad-leaved Hairy 1548 6 x.
Curved Alpine 1552 11 x.
Field 1551 9 x.
Great 1549 7 x.
Many-headed 1550 10 x.
Narrow-leaved Hairy 1547 5 x.
Spiked 1553 12 x.
WOOD'SIA
alpi'na, Newni 1863 99 xii.
Arvon'ica, Milde 1863 99 xii.
HYPERBO'REA, R.Broicn 1863 99 xii.
var. rufid'ula, Koch 1862 98 xii.
ILVEVSIS, R. Brown ... 1862 98 xii.
Raia'na, Newm 1862 98 xii.
rufid'ula, Beck 1862 98 xii.
Woodsia, Alpine 1863 99 xii.
Oblong 1862 9S xii.
Wormseed Mustard 10ii 149 i.
Wormwood, Common 731 62 v.
Sea, var. a 734 65 v.
var. /3 735 66 v.
Woundwort, Corn 1072 60 vii.
Downy 1068 57 vii.
Hedge 1070 & 1071 {of/} vii.
I'LATE PAGE VOL.
Woundwort, Hybrid 1070 58 vii.
Marsh 1069 57 vii.
Pale Annual 1073 61 vii.
Wurzellose Wasserlinse (Ger.) 25 ix.
219 214
40
143 145
ix. is.
|
128 |
ii. |
|
57 |
v. |
|
59 |
v. |
|
60 |
V. |
|
58 |
V. |
|
57 |
V. |
|
181 |
vi. |
|
182 |
vi. |
|
85 |
xi. |
|
4 |
iv. |
XAN'THIUM
[spino'sum, Linn.'] (excluded) ...
STRUMA'RIUM, Linn. 860
XANTEOPHTHAL'MUM
seg'etum, C. H. Schultz ... 713
XIPH'ION
fcetidis'simum, Pari 1494
Pseuda'corus, Pari 1495
Yarr 253
Yarrow, Common 727
Serrated 729
Sneeze-wort 730
Tansy-leaved 728
Woolly Yellow 726
Yellow -rattle, Common 998
Larger 999
Yorkshire Fog 1744
Ysopbldttriger Weiderich (Ger.)
Zannichelle des marais (Fr.) 57 ix.
pe'doncule'e (Fr.) 57 ix.
ZANNICHEL'LIA
eu-palus'tris, Syme 1425 56 ix.
ma'jor, (?) Bonn 1425 56 ix.
jjalus'tris, Fries 1425 56 ix.
PALUS'TRIS, Linn. 1425, 1426 56 ix.
var. a, Bab 1425 56 ix.
pedicella'ta, Fries 1426 57 ix.
peduncula'ta, Reich 1426 57 ix.
Zarter Gauchheil (Ger.) 153 vii.
Zaun Rose (Ger.) 212 iii.
Wieke (Ger.) 92 iiL
Winde (Ger.) 87 vi.
Zerrissene Segge (Ger.) 94 x-
Zittergrasartige Segge (Ger.) 99 x.
Zitterlinse (Ger.) 84 iii.
Zitterpappel (Ger.) 197 viii-
ZOSTE'EA
angustifo'lia, Keich 1430 60 ix.
MARI'NA, Linn,... U29 & 1430 60 ix.
Reich H29 60 ix.
var. angustifolia,
Fries 1*30 60 ix.
mi'nor.Nolte 1431 61 ix.
NANA, Roth 1431 61 ix.
Zostere marine (Fr.) 61 1X
mineur (Fr.) 62 ix.
332
ENGLISH BOTANY.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Zotiges Habidhtskraut (Ger.) 184 v.
Zugespitzte Weide (Ger.) 205 viii.
Zuruckgehrummte FetChenne (Ger.) ... 57 iv.
Zusammengedriiekte Binse (Ger.) 38 x.
Simse (Ger.) 48 x.
Zusammengedriicktes Bisjiengras
(Ger.) 126 xi.
Zweiblattrige Kuckucksbhtme (Ger.) ... 106 ix.
Schattenblume (Ger.) ... 176 ix.
Ziceifarbige Weide (Ger.) 241 viii.
Zaeifdhafie Weide (Ger.) 246 viii.
Zweihausige Segge (Ger.) 79 x.
Ziceihdusiges Buhrkraut (Ger.) 79 v.
PLATE PAGE VOL.
Zweijahrige Grtmdfeste (Ger.) 162 v.
Naehtkerze (Get.) 24 iv.
Ziceiknotige Feldkresse (Ger.) 221 i.
Ziceinervige Segge (Ger.) 148 x.
Ziceizeilige Segge (Ger, .) 86 x.
Zioerg .Birfte (Ger.) 188 viii.
Holunder (Ger.) 201 iv.
Seegras (Ger.) 62 ix.
JFocWtoWer (Ger.) 276 viii.
Zirerglerkoje (Ger.) 151 i.
Zicergmaulbeer (Ger.) 158 iii.
Zwiebeliges Bispengras (Ger.) 114 xi.
Ztciebehcurzelige Hahnenfass (Ger.) ... 42 i.
FEINTED BY "WILLIAM CLOTVES AHB SONS, LIMITED. STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.
ENGLISH BOTANY.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
1825
E.B. 521
Pilularia globulifera.
1826
I
E.B. 1084
Isoetes eu-lacustris.
!;i\'\i
■
Isoetes eu-lacustris, var Morei
Isoetes Hvstrix.
1829
E.B. 1148
Selaginella selaginoides.
1830
E.B. 233
Lycopodium Selago.
1831
£.B. 239
Lycopodium inundatum.
1832
E.B. 1727
Lycopodiuia Annotinum.
1831
E.B. 224
Lycopodium clavatum.
1834
EB. 234
Lycopodiuni Alpinum.
1835
E.B. 108
Ophioglossum vulgatum.
1836
Q Q
SB F. 47
OpHoglossum Lusitanicum.
1837
E.B. 318
Botryehium Lunaria.
1838
E.B. 209
Osmunda regalis.
1839
E.B. 1417
Trichomanes radicans.
1340
E.B. 162
Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense.
1841
E.B.S. 2686
Hyraenophylltun imilaterale.
1842
E.B. 1149
Polypodium vulgare.
1843
S.B.F. 48
G-ymno gramma leptophylla .
1844
E.B. 1160
Cryptogramme erispa.
1845
E.B. 616
Phegopteris Bryopteris.
184^*
S.B.F. 4
Phegopteris Uoberiiana.
1847
v y>>??
E.B. 2224
Pkegopteris polvpodioides.
1848.
Lastrea thelypteris.
1849.
EB 1019
Lastrea orespteris.
1850.
"E.B. 1458
Lastrea filix-inas.
1851.
E.B.S. 2724
Lastrea rigida.
1852.
Lastrea remota.
1853.
E.B. 2125
Lastrea cristata.
1854.
Lastrea uiiginosa.
1855.
S.B.F. 12
Lastrea spinulosa.
1856.
Lastrea glandulosa.
1857.
S.B.F. 18
Lastrea dilatata.
1858.
Lastrea aemula.
1859.
E.B. 797
Polystichum lonchitis.
1860.
E.B. 1563
Polystichum lobatum.
1861.
B.B.S. 2776
Polystichum angulare.
1862.
a
E.B.S. 2616
Woodsia ilvensis.
1863
B.B. 2023
Woodsia hyperbore*.
1864.
B. 1587 Cystopteris eu-fragilis, var. genuina. Brittle Bladder-Fern, var. a.
1865.
B. S. 2790. Oystopteris eu-fragilis, var. dentata. Brittle Bladder-Fern, var.tf
1866.
E- B. 163. Cystopteris alpina, var. genuina. Alpine Bladder-Fern, var. a
1867.
S. B. F. 22. Cystopteris alpina, var. Dickiana. Alpine Bladder-Fern, var. /?.
1868.
/;
S. B. F. 24. Cystopteris montana. Mountain Bladder-Fern.
1869.
5. B. F. 25. Athyrium Filix-foemina. Common Lady-Fern.
1870.
8. B. F. 49.
Athyrium eu-alpestre. Alpine Lady-Fern.
1871.
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} A.O.
tMSEm
mm:
}:: tetter -
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PM
/-.
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mi
- .-"^V*;
Athyrium alpestre, var. flexile. Dwarf Alpine Lady-Fern.
1872.
Asplenium fontanum. Smooth Rock Spleenwort.
1873.
tnfii
Asplenium lanceolatum. Lanceolate Spleenwort.
1874.
E. B. 1950. Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum. var. genuinura. Black Spleenwort.
1875.
Asplenium Adiautum-nigrum, var. acutum. Black spleenwort var. S
1876.
%
E. B. 392.
Asplenium marinum. Sea Spleen wort.
1877.
E. B. 2257.
Aspleniuro viride. Green Spleenwort.
1678.
E.B. 576.
Asplenium Trichomanes. Maidenhair Spleenwort.
1879.
Asplenium Clermontae. Lady Clermont's Spleenwort.
1880.
Asplenium Ruta-muraria. Wall-Rue.
1881.
S. B. 2258. Asplenium Germanicum. Alternate-leaved Spleenwort.
1882.
Asplenium septentrionale. Forked Spleenwort.
1883.
E.B. 1244.
Ceterach Officmarum. Scaly Spleen wort.
1384
E.B. 1150.
Scolopendriura valgare. Hart's-tongue.
1SS5.
Lomaria Spicant. Hard Fern.
1886.
E.B. 1679.
Pteris aquilina. Bracken.
1887.
E.B. 1564.
Adiantum Capillus -Veneris. Maiden hair.
1888
E.B. 2022.
Equisetum maximum.
1889
E.B. 2020.
Equisetum arvense.
1890
E.B.S. 2777.
Equisetum prateuse.
1891
Equisetura sylvaticum
1892
W # /J
n
n a
/
I I
"v^i^-
Equisetum palustre.
1893
E.B. 929.
Equisetum lhnosum.
1894
Equisetum eu-hyernale.
1895.
S.B.FA 12.
Equisetum Moorei.
1896.
S.B.F.A9.
Iquisetum trachyodou.
1897
3.B.F.A. 10.
Equisetum variegatum var. Wilsoni.
1898.
Equisetum variegatuin var. Wilsoni.
1899.
Nitella Flexilis.
1900
S.B.F.A. 22.
Nitella sjiicarpa var. opaca.
1901
E.B. 1855.
Nitella translucens.
1902.
Nitella mucronata.
1903
E.B. 2140.
Nitella gracilis.
1904
*&
Nitella tenuissima.
1905.
Nitella glomerata var. a genuina.
1906
E.B. 1703.
Nitella eloraerata var. Smithii
1907.
\
Nitella intricata.
1908
Nitella iutricata var. prolifera.
1909.
Chara alopecuroidea. Foxtail chara.
1910.
Chara stelligera. Starbearing chara.
1911.
Chara Braunii. Braun's chara.
1912.
Chara crinita. Bearded cbara.
1913.
) i
•
Chara tomentosa. Tomentose chara.
1914.
\
i
E. B. 336.
Chara foetida, var. a . genuina. Fetid chara.
1915.
Chara foetida, var./S . contraria. Fetid chara.
1916.
E. B. 463.
:hara hispida, var.a.genuina. Bristly chara
1917.
Chara hispida, var./3 . Baltica. Bristly chara. Baltic, var.
1918.
Ch'ara hispida, var.y pseudo-crinita. Bristly chara, var.y.
1919.
E. B. S. 2738.
Chara aspera. Rough chara.
1920.
Chara fragilis, var. genuina. Fragile chara.
1921.
Chara fragilis, var.0 . connivens. Fragile chara, var./3.
1922.
Chara fragifera. Strawberry chara.
To avoid fine, this book should be returned on or before the date last stamped below
5M— 1-38
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