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Annals of the Smithsonian Institution

1995

Annals of the

Smithsonian Institution

1995

Contents

Statement by the Secretary 5 Report of the Board of Regents 7 Chronology 9

Reports of the Bureaus and Offices of the Smithsonian Institution for Fiscal Year 1995

37

Members of Smithsonian Councils, Boards, and Commissions, September 30,1995 96

Visits to the Smithsonian Institution Museums and Galleries in Fiscal Year 1995 104

Academic, Research Training, and Internship Appointments and Research Associates in Fiscal Year 1995 105

Award Activity at the Smithsonian Institution in Fiscal Year 1995 145

Publications of the Smithsonian Institution Press in Fiscal Year1995 = 154

Publications of the Staff of the Smithsonian Institution and Its Subsidiaries in Fiscal Year

1995 158

The Smithsonian Institution and Its Subsidiaries, September 30, 1995 226

Donors to the Smithsonian Institution in Fiscal Year 1995 251

Contributing Members of the Smithsonian Institution in Fiscal Year 1995 298

Financial Report = 312

Note: The contents of Annals were produced from electronic files provided by the bureaus and offices.

Smithsonian Institution

Establishment, Board of Regents, Executive Committee,

and the Secretary

Office of the Secretary

Office of the Under Secretary

Office of the Provost

Office of Inspector General

Office of Planning, Management, and Budget Office of General Counsel

Office of Government Relations

Office of Communications

Provost

Sciences

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

National Museum of Natural History National Zoological Park

Office of Fellowships and Grants

Office of International Relations

Office of Smithsonian Institution Archives Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Smithsonian Institution Libraries Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Arts and Humanities

Anacostia Museum

4

Archives of American Art

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery/Freer Gallery of Art Center for Museum Studies Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Institutional Studies Office

National Air and Space Museum

National Museum of African Art National Museum of American Art National Museum of American History National Museum of the American Indian National Portrait Gallery

Office of Exhibits Central

Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service

Educational and Cultural Programs

Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies National Science Resources Center Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Under Secretary

Finance and Administration

Institutional Advancement

National Campaign for the National Museum of the American Indian

Office of Membership and Development

Office of Special Events and Conferences

Smithsonian Women's Committee

Other Functions

Business Management Office

Office of the Senior Information Officer Office of Telecommunications

The Smithsonian Associates Smithsonian Institution Press Smithsonian Magazine

Air & Space/Smithsonian Magazine Affiliated Organizations

John F. Kennedy for the Performing Arts

National Gallery of Art

Reading Is Fundamental

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Statement by the Secretary

When I look back at my installation as Smithsonian Secretary, in September 1994, it seems simultaneously to have happened yesterday and a decade ago. I can hardly remember doing anything else; yet I don’t know where the year went.

For me, one of the most exciting events of the year was the launching of the Smithsonian's World Wide Web site on May 8, 1995. The Smithsonian Home Page (http://www.si.edu) is a gateway to more than 2,000 electronic pages and thousands of images in a fully integrated, cross-referenced presentation of the Smithsonian’s sites, people, and resources. This was the first step toward fulfilling the commitment I made at my installation, a promise that the Smithsonian would become more than the place to visit in Washington, that we should become present throughout the country in new ways, and that we would become deeply engaged in this new world of information transmission and sharing. As of September 30, more than 8.5 million “hits” have been recorded at the site.

At the heart of the information revolution is something far more than an advance in technology. It is the fulfilling of one central promise of democracy: to make knowledge available to as many citizens as possible, and to allow that access to be shaped by their needs. The “Electronic Smithsonian” gives us an opportunity to interact with America’s homes, schools, senior-citizen and youth centers, universities, museums, laboratories, and research centers in ways undreamed of a few years ago. As we prepare for the celebration of our 150th anniversary in 1996, we have continued to enlarge our technological capacity and knowledge to extend the reach of

our historic mission. James Smithson’s goal of the “increase

and diffusion of knowledge” has been reborn for a new century.

Three major challenges have also punctuated the year. First,

leadership changed in Congress, and we have had to get to

know a whole new group of legislators and staff whose actions can deeply affect us. Second, the Enola Gay episode exploded, raising other issues as well, and disproportionately dominated attention internally and externally; we were uncertain whether the Smithsonian would continue to be cherished in the light of so much negative publicity. However, a public opinion survey taken before the exhibit opened showed encouraging results. Seventy-two percent of the people who were surveyed said that the Smithsonian was extremely important or very important as a major place in which to understand American culture and American history. Just 14 percent said they were somewhat less favorable toward the Smithsonian given what had happened. Third, it became apparent that Congress was going to take serious action to tame the budget deficit, that our budget would have to be affected, and that we would have to concentrate on where to reduce operations to live within a lower appropriation.

It appears that we have established a good relationship with our oversight and appropriation committees and others in the legislature. This is evidenced by fair treatment in the budger process, real participation by our Congressional Regents, both old and new, at Institution events, and a showing of great interest in various of our activities by the Speaker, other legislators, and key Congressional staff.

The Enola Gay imbroglio was an enormous trial. The conflict required us to question anew how both to respect scholarly integrity and to assure our general and specific publics when we deal in controversial areas that we are not using exhibitions to inculcate a particular viewpoint. This 1s no easy task, and we now have a set of guidelines chat set forth useful processes for future exhibitions. However, there is

no subsritute for good judgment and a disposition co try to be

wv”

objective, no matter how hard the quest. I do not urge the avoidance of all potentially controversial exhibitions. When they are done well, they respect both subject and audience and promote genuine understanding of tough issues.

The Smithsonian's budget problems are very real. We have received sympathetic treatment in Congress which, at this writing, has saved the planned Cultural and Conservation Center of the National Museum of the American Indian (alchough completion will also require the expenditure of some private funds raised by the museum) and increased our repair and renovation budget by 30 percent (a welcome enhancement to address serious facility problems). However, by not funding mandatory wage and inflationary increases Congress has effectively cut our base budget by 4 to 5 percent.

Since we cannot assume that this base cut 1s a one-year phenomenon, 1t is clear that change in the management structure and style of the Institution is required to prepare the Institution for the challenges of the 21st century. We must continue to reconfigure ourselves and to make permanent reductions and consolidations. To that end, our newly formed Provost's Office (which replaces three Assistant Secretary offices) will emphasize service to the museums, research institutes, and other program and support offices; coordinate central oversight more efficiently; decentralize decision-making; and encourage greater coordination and cooperation among the various program units across the Institution.

I end this report on my first year as Secretary with an enthusiastic look ahead at our Isoth year celebration in 1996. We see the 150th anniversary as an opportunity to say “thank you” to the American public, which has supported the

Smithsonian for all these years, by offering many of our best exhibits and programming.

Although there will be special exhibitions and events here in the nation’s capital, the Instirution’s home, the most ambitious projects for our celebration will bring the national museums to millions of people who may not plan to visit Washington next year. If they cannot come to us, we will go to them. These include a wonderful traveling exhibition, “America’s Smithsonian,” which will take highlights from the national collections to people around the country, and television programs throughout the year on CBS. And we will continue to expand and enhance the role of the “Electronic Smithsonian.”

As we end the fiscal year, Discover Card and Intel have joined the Smithsonian's Corporate Partner Program, which will support the network television programming, the traveling exhibition, and a celebration on the National Mall in Washington on August 10, 1996, the actual anniversary of the Act of Congress that established the Institution. Thanks to their cooperation, the Smithsonian will be able to touch the lives of Americans nationwide in ways new to all of us.

I hope that these activities will both reinforce the splendor and importance of the Smithsonian in the minds of Americans and lead to expanded private support for our undertakings. We have entered an era in which the Smithsonian must rely more heavily on private support from individuals and corporations, and this presents us with both challenges and

great opportunities.

I, Michael Heyman Secretary September 30. 1995

Report of the Board of Regents

The Smithsonian's Board of Regents held plenary meetings on January 30, May 8, and September 18, 1995, and sponsored committee meetings throughout the year. The Executive Committee, the Nominating Committee, the Audit and Review Committee, the Investment Policy Committee, and the Personnel Committee advanced the work of the board with increasing effectiveness.

Membership on the board sustained a fair degree of turnover. In the November 1994 elections, House Speaker Tom Foley and Senator Jim Sasser were not returned to office and left the Board of Regents at the end of the 103rd Congress. Senator John Warner resigned to take on additional Senate responsibilities. Representative Norman Y. Mineta resigned from the Congress and thereby left the board. The board designated all four of these former regents as regents emeritus. New regents from the Congress were Representative Bob Livingston, Representative Sam Johnson, Senator Alan K. Simpson, and Senator Thad Cochran.

There was also turnover among the citizen members, as I. Michael Heyman resigned to become secretary of the Smithsonian, and the second terms of Jeannine S. Clark and Samuel C. Johnson expired. To fill these vacancies, the regents nominated Louis V. Gerstner Jr. of Connecticut, Howard H. Baker Jr. of the District of Columbia, and Anne d’Harnon- court of Pennsylvania. The regents also nominated Regent Homer A. Neal for a successive statutory term of six years.

During the fiscal year, the regents met with their Commission on the Future of the Smithsonian, received the commission's report, and, with the assistance of the new ad hoc Committee on Policy and Programs, formulated responses to the recommendations. Noting that a number of the recommendations required the secretary's response over time, they asked for a progress report at least once a year. Working with the ad hoc committee and the secretary, the regents

adopted guidelines to help Smithsonian advisory boards fulfill their support functions.

Secretary Heyman engaged the regents in discussions of particularly difficult issues. After extensive deliberations, the regents publicly expressed their support for the secretary's decision to cancel the long-planned and highly controversial exhibition on the Enola Gay and the end of World War II ar the National Air and Space Museum and replace it with a display of the aircraft and related artifacts. After reviewing the findings of a National Academy of Public Administration study on the organization and management of the museum, the board adopted guiding principles for recruiting a new director and developing a mission statement.

The Board of Regents reviewed the secretary's plans for reorganization of Smithsonian senior management and adopted changes in its bylaws to conform to the new organization. The regents also approved revised bylaws for the Smithsonian National Board and appointed its officers and membership. By regents’ resolution, the chairman of the Smithsonian National Board will remain a nonvoting participant in regents’ meetings. The regents also adopted revisions to the bylaws of the Commission of the National Portrait Gallery.

Several reports to the Board of Regents during the year were especially significant with respect to the future of the Smithsonian. The board received reports on Latino initiatives, plans for the 1996 Isoth anniversary year and the traveling exhibition “America’s Smithsonian,” the development of the 1soth Anniversary Corporate Partner Program, and the debut of the Smithsonian’s home page on the World Wide Web. The Regents also discussed issues of revenue enhancement, development initiatives, and increasing fiscal stringencies. In the latter context, the regents authorized the deaccession of the Barney Studio House subject to review by the Executive Committee.

In other actions, the Board of Regents approved the development of an affinity credit card, endorsed the phased planning of the extension of the National Air and Space Museum and reaffirmed its placement at Washington Dulles International Airport, and voted to continue soliciting voluntary donations in selected Smithsonian museums. The board also noted that the Senate has requested a feasibility study on collecting admission fees in the museums.

The regents awarded the Joseph Henry Medal to retiring General Counsel Peter G. Powers and to Representative Sidney R. Yates, a regent emeritus, in grateful recognition of their decades of extraordinary service to the Smithsonian.

During the year, the regents appointed the following individuals to boards and commissions: Manley Alan Begay Jr., George L. Cornell, Billy L. Cypress, Dwight Gourneau, Gerald R. McMaster, Joann Sebastian Morris, Nancy Clark Reynolds, Phyllis Young, James A. Block, Ellsworth H. Brown, Catherine Sweeney Fowler, Douglas M. George, Jorge Flores Ochoa, Luci Tapahonso, and Bernard Julian Whitebear

to the Board of Trustees of the National Museum of the

American Indian; Kathleen Allaire, Harvey Krueger, Richard Smith, Agnes Bourne, Barbara Levin, and Richard Hayden to the Board of Trustees of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum; David C. Driskell, Frances Humphrey Howard, Robin B. Martin, and Robert H. Nooter to the Commission of the National Museum of African Art; Nancy Ruth Morin, Alan K. Simpson, and Stanley O. Ikenberry to the Board of the National Museum of Natural History; Edwin I. Colodny, Ann Cousins, Frank K. Ribelin, Wanda M. Corn, Rosa Rionda de la Cruz, Paul D. Parkman, and Gerald L. Pearson to the Commission of the National Museum of American Art; Mrs. Hart Fessenden, Kurt Gitter, Jill Hornor Ma, Aboulala Soudavar, and Paul Walter to the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Visiting Committee; and Roger Covey, Richard Danziger, and Cynthia Helms to the Freer Gallery of Art Visiting Committee.

Staff Changes

Throughout fiscal year 1995, under the new leadership of I. Michael Heyman, various reorganizations were undertaken to place greater emphasis on the responsibilities of the museums, research centers, and offices. The Office of the Provost was established under Robert S. Hoffmann, the Smithsonian's former assistant secretary for science. On an interim basis, former assistant secretaries Tom L. Freudenheim and James C. Early and deputy assistant secretary Ross B. Simons became assistant provosts. Former Assistant Secretary Thomas E. Lovejoy was named counselor to the secretary for biodiversity

and environmental affairs, former deputy assistant secretary Marc J. Pachter became counselor to the secretary for special projects and the electronic media, and Miguel A. Bretos served as counselor to the secretary for Latino affairs under contract. Alice Green Burnette was given the new title of assistant secretary for institutional advancement.

Retiring from the administrative ranks were Peter G. Powers, the Smithsonian's first general counsel, former Assistant Secretary John F. Jameson, and Contracting Officer Robert P. Perkins. Other departures of note included Director of Government Relations Mark W. Rodgers, Deputy Assistant Secretary Claudine K. Brown, Director of Facilities Services Richard L. Siegle, Director of Protection Services Charles A. Hines, and National Air and Space Museum Director Martin O. Harwit. We were fortunate to have recruited by year’s end J. Dennis O'Connor to become the Smithsomian’s first permanent provost on January 1, 1996; John E. Huerta to assume the position of general counsel on November 13, 1995; David J. Umansky, who was appointed to the new position of director of communications in March 1995; M. John Berry, who became director of government relations in April 1995; John W. Cobert to assume the directorship of the Contracts Office; Edith W. Hedlin, who became director of the Office of the Smithsonian Institution Archives in October 1994; and Nicole L. Krakora, who was appointed director of special events and conferences services in June 1995.

To these officers and countless others, we owe a debt of gratitude for their efforts to bring the Smithsonian to its

present greatness and envision its possibilities for the future.

Chronology

Fall

B Acquisition At auction, Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum acquired six lots of rare French wall- papers representing the work of some of the premier French wallpaper producers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Fall

@ Fellowship Four senior fellows in plant science were appointed under the Smithsonian Institution University Program in the Studies of Evolution of Terrestrial Eco- systems, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Fall

@ Children’s Book 1n collaboration with Hyperion Books for Children (a Disney affiliate), the National Museum of American Art published Celebrate America in Poetry and Art. More than 20,000 copies of this children’s book have been sold, and a softcover edition is in the works.

Fall

@ Research Seminar Series Ina seminar series supported by the Educational Outreach Fund and coordinated by the Office of Fellowships and Grants, nine Smithsonian staff members spoke about Smithsonian research. The seminars were held at 16 large U.S. universities with sig-

nificant numbers of students from underrepresented

groups.

October—September

B Acquisitions The National Museum of American Art strengthened its collection with some 600 works, in- cluding major paintings by American modernists Georgia O'Keeffe and Robert Motherwell, a 24-foor- wide sculpture by Louise Nevelson, and a collection of approximately 300 prime examples of early American photography. The Renwick Gallery acquired some 60 new examples of 2oth-century American crafts, made possible in large part by The James Renwick Alliance, which this year passed the half-million-dollar mark in gifts to the Renwick for acquisitions.

October—September

The National Museum of Afri- can Art's Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives contin-

@ Collections Preservation

ued work on the Eliot Elisofon Motion Picture Film Collection Preservation and Classification Project, funded for the second year through a grant from the Smithsonian Research Resources Program.

October—J uly

@ Fellowships the Center for Museum Studies brought two museum

Fellowships in Museum Practice from

professionals to the Smithsonian. Teresa Morales of the Programa de Museos Comunitarios y Ecomuseos, Oaxaca, Mexico, conducted research on “Cultural Ap- propriation and Community Museums,” and D. Lynn McRainey of the Chicago Historical Society studied “In- terpreting History through Interactive Experiences.”

October—November

@ Teachers’ Program Thousands of teachers across the country participated in a nationally broadcast series of interactive videos produced by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Science Education Department to demonstrate how student misconceptions may interfere

with the learning of science.

October—November

@ Research A Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory instrument aboard the Spartan 201 satellite launched from the space shuttle discovered extremely hot gas in -the atmosphere above the Sun’s south pole. This finding offers clues to the origin of the solar wind, a phenome- non that affects communications and power transmis-

sion lines on Earth.

October

Bw Research The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center provided instrumentation for nine new auto- mated stations for the monitoring and sampling of stream discharges. This work is part of the center's Chesapeake Bay watershed study.

October

w Public Program The Smithsonian Environmental Re- search Center held its annual weekend sale of bird seed, bird feeders, natural history books, and T-shirts. Visitors also enjoyed hayrides, tours of the buildings, and hikes

on nature trails.

October

w Publication staff scientist D. Ross Robertson, in collaboration with Gerald R. Allen, published Fishes of the Tropical Eastern

Pacific, the most comprehensive guide ever produced to

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

the fish fauna of this region.

October

@ Teachers’ Publication Beyond the Frame: Using Art for Interdisciplinary Learning, a teachers’ guide contain- ing lessons on eight works of art from five Smithsonian art museums, was published by the Office of Elemen- tary and Secondary Education. This publication was de- signed for middle school and high school educators and is the fifth publication in a series sponsored by Brother

International Corporation.

October

w Latino Outreach Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Mu- seum received a $98,000 grant from the Smithsonian to support the Institution's efforts to increase its Latino audi- ence and expand its coverage of Latino contributions to his- tory, art, and science. The museum is using these funds to support educational programs, exhibition development,

and the establishment of a Latino archive.

October

w Publications and Products \n conjunction with the opening of the George Gustav Heye Center, the Na- tional Museum of the American Indian released books on each of the three inaugural exhibitions, a music re- cording on compact disc and cassette tape, a calendar, a

postcard book, and T-shirts.

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October 1

w Visitor study The Smithsonian Office of Institutional Studies began a one-year survey of visitors to the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Freer Gallery of Art. Informa- tion gained through a year of face-to-face interviewing of gallery visitors should provide helpful knowledge for the focusing of priorities in exhibitions, research, and

public programming. October 1-April 7 w Internships The new Museum Intern Partnership Program, sponsored by the Center for Museum Studies,

offered a dual internship experience at the Smithsonian

and a smaller, community-focused museum.

October 1-2

@ Special Event The Friends of the National Zoo launched its first annual ZooArts Festival featuring the work of prominent Washington-area artists and photog- raphers as well as local high school students and people

from community groups.

October 3

@ Awards major awards at the annual meeting of the American

The National Zoological Park won three

Zoo and Aquarium Association: the top Conservation Award for NZP’s outstanding golden lion tamarin con- servation program, the Edward H. Bean Award for Ex- cellence in Conservation for collaborative work on behalf of the endangered tiger (shared with two other U.S. zoos); and a Significant Achievement award for breeding Matschie’s tree kangaroo at the Zoo's Conserva- tion and Research Center in Front Royal, Virginia.

October ro

mw Special Event Atasigning ceremony hosted by Na- tional Geographic Society President Gilbert M. Grosvenor, Nissan U.S.A.’s Vice-President of Brand and Consumer Marketing Jerry Florence presented a check for $950,000 to Smithsonian Secretary I. Michael Hey- man to become the national corporate sponsor of the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service- National Geographic Society exhibition, “Earth 2U, Ex- ploring Geography.” The exhibition, which opened in November at the National Geographic Society, intro- duces children and their families to the wonders and

complexities of world geography.

October 10

mw Public Program Nobel Peace Prize recipient Arch- bishop Desmond Tutu addressed an audience of more than 2,000 Smithsonian Associates and the general pub- lic as part of an African American Studies Forum enti-

tled “South Africa: After the Elections.” October 13

@ Lecture from a Chinese Imperial Kiln,” this year’s John A. Pope

“Amusing the Emperor: Unique Discoveries

Memorial Lecture at the Freer Gallery of Arc, was deliv- ered by Liu Xinyuan, director of the Jingdezhen Insti- tute of Ceramic Archaeology in China.

October 14

w@ Major Gift The National Museum of Natural His- tory received one of the most significant contributions of jewelry and financial support in its history when Gil- bert S. Kahn announced a new gift from his mother, Janet Annenberg Hooker. Mrs. Hooker's gift included a suite of rare fancy yellow starburst diamonds and $2 million toward the creation of the museum's Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minerals, bringing her support for the new hall toa total of $5 million. The complex will be named in honor of Mrs. Hooker.

October 15

w Honors Benefactors’ Circle Honoree and Lloyd G. Schermer was

Glenn O. Tupper was the Smithsonian

presented with the Joseph Henry Medal at the

Smithsonian Benefactors’ Circle recognition dinner.

October 18-December 18 w Lecture Series Eight Nobel laureates in physics partic- ipated in an unprecedented lecture series sponsored by The Smithsonian Associates. The world-renowned phys- icists recounted their prizewinning work and discussed

their current research.

October 19

@ Educational Publication The National Postal Museum published the Elementary School Postal Pack, an activity book and resource guide that integrates letter writing, postal history, and stamp collecting into language arts, history, geography, and math curriculums.

October 20-23

@ Meeting The Smithsonian Council, a group of 25 in- dividuals active in a variety of fields and disciplines, met in Washington, D.C., to assess the Smithsonian's anthropological and cultural studies programs as well as programs of the Institution's conservation biology com- munity and the Conservation Training Council.

October 20

w Lecture sented “Behind the Desk: Accommodating Volunteers

The Smithsonian Accessibility Program pre-

with Disabilities” to staff from the Smithsonian and Washington, D.C., cultural organizations. The program was one of 10 monthly lectures on museum accessibility

for people with disabilities.

October 21

w Public program sored by the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery opened with the

A Southeast Asian Film Series spon-

Vietnamese film, “Abandoned Field,” and went on to show four other seldom-screened classic films, includ- ing two directed by His Majesty Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.

October 24

@ Major Gift The Mashancucket Pequot Tribal Nation made a $10 million contribution to the National Cam- paign for the National Museum of the American In- dian, at the time the largest contribution to the Smithsonian in its 148-year history.

October 25

@ Public program The Bill and Mary Meyer Concert Se- ries of six evenings of chamber music opened with the first of three appearances by Musicians from Marlboro. Other performers this year were The Shanghai Quarter,

Pamela Frank, and the Takacs Quartet.

October 27

@ Visit Leszek Kuznicki, president of the Polish Acad- emy of Sciences, visited the Smithsonian.

October 28—February 26

@ Exhibition “Free within Ourselves: African- American Art from the Museum's Collection” was on

view at the National Museum of American Art. Nearly

II

200 works in all media by some 100 artists, drawn from the nation’s most extensive public collection of African American art, illustrated the scope of the African Ameri- can contribution to the visual arts. Affzrmation Today, a 30-minute video produced in conjunction with the exhibition, highlighted the life and work of five African American artists.

October 28-May 12 @ Education Program The National Zoological Park

and the Fairfax County Public Schools coproduced four “Science Safari” programs for elementary school stu- dents and an “Electronic Field Trip” for middle school students, both with related curriculum materials. The programs were broadcast to schools nationwide via satel-

lite downlink or cable television.

October 30

@ Opening The George Gustav Heye Center of the National Museum of the American Indian opened with three inaugural exhibitions in New York City. More than 60,000 people visited the Heye Center during its first month, almost one and one-half times the number who had visited the museum in an entire year at its old

location.

October 30

The Office of Public Affairs or- ganized the publicity campaign for the opening of the

m Publicity Campaign

New York facility of the National Museum of the Amer- ican Indian. The opening began with a week of special previews for the media, donors, members, and other guests, culminating in a Native American blessing on the steps of the Custom House, the home of the mu- seum. Media coverage was extensive, reaching millions of Americans through network television, national news

magazines, and Native American publications.

October 30

8 Awards

seum of the American Indian’s Art and Cultural

The first five recipients of the National Mu-

Achievement Award were announced. They were Allan Houser (Chiricahua Apache), posthumously; Oren R. Lyons (Onondaga); N. Jana Harcharek (Inupiat); Gero- nima Cruz Montoya (San Juan Pueblo); and Katherine Siva Saubel (Cahuilla).

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October 30

w Publications Press served as the principal publication partner at the

Smithsonian Institution University

inaugural opening of the National Museum of the American Indian exhibit in New York City, through publication of the award-winning exhibition catalogues, Creation’s Journey and All Roads Are Good. both copublished with NMAI.

October 31

w New Office the offices of three assistant secretaries to establish the

Secretary I. Michael Heyman combined

Office of the Provost and appointed former Assistant Secretary for the Sciences Robert Hoffmann as acting provost. The new office plans, coordinates, facilitates, and evaluates the Institution's activities 1n research,

collections management, exhibitions, education, and

cultural programs.

November

The National Museum of African Art added three important objects to its collections. Spoon, a

B® Acquisition

conceptually complex modern bronze sculpture, was created by Amir I.M. Nour (b. 1939), a contemporary sculptor who was born in the Republic of Sudan and has lived in the United States for most of his adult life. A superb and rare carved wooden face mask from the Lele peoples of Zaire is decorated with metal appliqué, beads, and cowrie shells. A carved wooden face mask, Oloju-foforo. attributed to Yoruba artist Bamgboshe of Osi-Ilorin, Nigeria (d. ca. 1920), will be featured in the 1995-96 exhibition “Three Explorations: Yoruba, Temne, and Baga.”

November

w Video Release

munications film In Open Air: A Portrait of the American

The award-winning Office of Telecom-

Impressionists was released as a home video available for

sale in the Museum Shops and through mail order.

November

@ Teachers’ Program Teachers’ Night at the Smithson- ian, sponsored and coordinated by the Office of Elemen- tary and Secondary Education, brought more than 1,200 local teachers together with educators from more than 30 Smithsonian museums and offices to sample educa-

tional products and programs.

November

gw New Communication Facility A satellite earth station was installed at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Tupper Center to establish more reliable com- munication between the Smithsonian Institution in

Washington and STRI. November 3—January 29

w Exhibition and Programs “Bruce Nauman,” an inter- nationally celebrated retrospective of this American art- ist (b. 1941), had its first East Coast showing at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Organized by the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis in association with the Hirshhorn, the exhibition of high-intensity sculpture, photographs, drawings, films, holograms,

and installations spurred in-depth public programming.

November 7-13

w Benefit Event tions, private receptions and special dinners, and other

Visits to museums and private collec-

activites filled the week in Laguna Beach, California, for an Archives of American Art fund-raiser. The week culminated ina gala evening honoring the IoI-year-old artist Beatrice Wood.

November 7-10

B Course ist course “Conservation of Gilt Wood,” organized at

Twenty-one participants attended the special-

the Conservation Analytical Laboratory. The course is re- quired for students in CAL's Furnicure Conservation Training Program.

November 14 @ Consortium The National Zoo's Conservation and Re- search Center, Environmental Systems Research Insti- tute, Inc., and Hewlett-Packard Company formed The Conservation Technology Support Program, a consor- tium that will provide computer hardware, software, and training to nonprofit conservation organizations 1n the United States and abroad. This program will enable

biologists to more effectively analyze the environmental

impact of land and natural resource utilization.

November 17

B Exhibition “Directions—Gary Simmons” opened at

the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, featur-

ing cartoon-derived chalk images on 10 panels and a Io- by-37-foot gallery wall created by this New York-based artist (b. 1964). Providing subtle commentary on stereo- types of African Americans, the blackboard-like draw- ings showed images and objects gleaned mostly from race-specific cartoons of the 1930s and 1940s.

November 17

w Benefit Event The Archives of American Art hosted a gala event for 280 guests honoring Agnes Gund, chair- man of the board of trustees of the Museum of Modern

AIt.

November 18

The staff and children of the Em- bassy of Italy hosted a group of Resident Associate fami-

w Family Program lies in celebration of International Children's Day. The

Italian actor Carlo Cicala delighted participants with folktales, original stories, and a group sing-along.

November 19-20

@ Special Event George Gustav Heye Center, the National Museum of

In celebration of the opening of the

the American Indian Powwow was held at the Jacob K. Javits Center in New York City.

November 20 w Exhibition “In Search of Common Ground: Potomac Gardens, A Community of Senior Citizens,” an exhibi- tion focusing on senior residents of a housing complex in southeast Washington, D.C., opened at the Anacostia Museum. The exhibition explored the effects of migra- tion from rural to urban and public housing environ- ments. It was cosponsored and funded by the D.C. Community Humanities Council and the National En- dowment for the Humanities.

November 20

w Exhibition opening “A Basketmaker in Rural Japan” at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery celebrated the life’s work of Hiroshima Kazuo, the last professional itiner- ant basketmaker in Hinokage, an agricultural region of southern Japan. Most of the works on view were loaned by the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History.

3

November 28

w Exhibition the White House,” a temporary exhibition at the Na-

“Best Wishes: Holiday Greetings from

tional Postal Museum, displayed White House Christ- mas cards from the Eisenhower administration to the

present.

December

@ Latino Outreach The Office of Public Affairs ran the first of five advertising campaigns for the year in three local Latino newspapers. OPA staff wrote the text in Spanish. The campaigns were geared toward the Christ- mas holidays, springtime events, the Festival of Ameri- can Folklife, summer events near the time of the Latin American festival held in Washington, D.C., and Hispa- nic Heritage Month.

December

B Research Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory sci- entists and their colleagues completed the most accurate test yet of a prediction of Albert Einstein's theory of

general relativity.

December 2 w Benefit Event Archives of American Art members were invited to the opening gala of ART 94 Los Ange- les, the International Contemporary Art Fair. Proceeds

from the evening benefited the Archives.

December 2-May 29 w Exhibition “Federal Profiles: Saint-Mémin in Amer- ica, 1793-1814” was on view at the National Portrait Gallery. French émigré Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin spent 20 years in the United Srates creating distinctive profile likenesses of the citizens and French émigrés of the new nation. More than 200 of his miniature engravings and drawings were displayed. The accompanying catalog, Saint-Mémin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America, by Ellen G. Miles, curator of painting and sculpture at the Portrait Gallery, is a Barra Foundation book published by the gallery in association with the Smithsonian Institution Press. It was selected as best illustrated book in the Washington Book Publishers’ annual Design and Effectiveness Competi-

tion and also won second prize for books in the Museum

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Publications Design Competition sponsored by the American Association of Museums.

December 5—9

w Workshop The Center for Museum Studies Work- shop Series began with “Introduction to Public Pro-

gramming.” Three more workshops in basic museum operations were offered during the year.

December 6

B Award The New York Chapter of the Industrial De- signers of America awarded Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum Director Dianne H. Pilgrim and Assis- tant Director for Public Programs Susan Yelavich the society's Bronze Apple Award for support, use, and en- couragement of good design.

December 7

B Appreciation Event The Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center hosted the annual apprecia- tion event for volunteer information specialists, with re-

marks by Secretary I. Michael Heyman.

December 9

@ Awards Trophy awards were presented to Michael H. Carr for life-

The 1994 National Air and Space Museum

time achievement and to Patty Wagstaff for current

achievement.

December 9—February 19

w Exhibition

sian artists for concepts to transform Moscow into a

Recent proposals by Western and Rus-

showplace of post-totalitarian art were the focus of “Monumental! Propaganda,” an exhibition produced by the International Gallery in the Office of the Pro- vost. “Collaborating with History,” an introductory video produced for the exhibition, raised additional questions about the past and future of commemora-

tive monuments in the former Soviet Union.

December 13—March 13 mw Exhibition “Katharine Kuh: Interpreting the New” was on view in the Archives of American Art's New

York Regional Center exhibition gallery. As an art histo-

rian, curator, gallery owner, and critic, Kuh champi- oned the cause of modernism throughout her life.

December 18

w Special Event Three hundred fifty donors attended an afternoon holiday reception hosted in the Castle by Secretary I. Michael Heyman and his wife, Therese

Heyman.

December 24

@ Exhibition opening “Paintings from Shiraz,” an exhibi- tion selected from the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery's

Vever Collection of Islamic Arts of the Book featured works from Shiraz, the city in southwestern Iran that was one of the great centers of Persian painting in the

4 through 16 century.

January—March, A pril—October

wm Exhibition “Workers at the White House” was on exhibit at the Carter Presidential Library in Atlanta, Georgia, and at the Reagan Library in Simi Valley, Cali- fornia. The exhibition was produced by the Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies in cooperation with the White House Historical Association and the

National Archives.

January

@ Education Program The National Museum of African Art launched an ongoing series for young audiences called “Let's Read about Africa.” The weekend pro- grams introduce young visitors to African culture,

visual traditions, and the joy of reading.

January

w New Research Facility The Solar Radiation Group of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center moved into a newly completed laboratory addition at the center's main facility near Edgewater, Maryland. This group focuses on the measurement of solar radiation, es- pecially ultraviolet radiation, and on the effects of this radiation on living things.

January

B Grant The Smithsonian Institution Libraries was awarded $197,250 from the Getty Grant Program to fund an online index and finding guide to the literature

of African art and culture. The index is being developed

for access on the Internet as part of the Libraries’ online catalog. Responding to the public’s growing interest in non-Western art, the index of 52,000 citations was cre- ated by Libraries staff to identify source materials in this expanding field.

January

@ Research A submillimeter telescope developed by a consortium of research institutes including the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory was installed and operated at the South Pole to study giant molecular clouds in the Milky Way.

January

B Curriculum Development The National Science Resources Center began nationally field-testing the pre- liminary edition of Animal Studies, a fourth-grade unit in the Science and Technology for Children hands-on

science curriculum program.

January

@ Electronic Outreach The Smithsonian Institution Libraries online catalog became available on the Internet at telnet://siris.si.edu.

January

B Radio Series Jazz Smithsonian, hosted by Lena Horne, began its third season on the air. It is being broadcast by Radio Smithsonian on a record 185 radio stations.

January

B Exhibition

Exhibition Service's small-format, free-standing version

The Smithsonian Institution Traveling

of “Saynday was coming along . . . Silverhorn’s Draw- ings of the Kiowa Trickster” opened at the Kiowa

Tribal Museum in Carnegie, Oklahoma. Organized

with the National Museum of Natural History in collab- oration with and with participation from the Kiowa community, “Saynday” will travel to Native American centers and small exhibit centers during the next three

years.

January

@ Teachers’ Publication Art to Zoo. the quarterly teaching guide for elementary and middle schools published by the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, adopted a

new design, editorial, and distribution strategy.

January

w Exhibition “Women in Action: Rebels and Reform- ers, 1920-1980” opened at the National Museum of American History. The exhibition was sponsored by the League of Women Voters to celebrate the 75th anniver- sary of woman suffrage.

January I

w Name Change The Office of Museum Programs changed its name to the Center for Museum Studies. The new name more accurately reflects the mission and work of the office and better accommodates efforts to establish networks with college and university museum studies programs.

January 7

@ New Facility The Visitors Center of the Smithsonian's Whipple Observatory in Arizona offic- ially opened to the public, presenting exhibits on astron- omy, natural science, cultural history (and Smithsonian history), and the environment.

January 12 @ Research Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory scientists and their colleagues found by far the best evidence for the existence of massive black holes. The discovery was based on radio observations of swirling gas orbiting a very dense concentration of material with the mass of about 40 million Suns.

January 16 m Lecture The Office of the Provost sponsored the annual Martin Luther King Jr. Lecture with keynote speaker Harold Hongju Koh, professor of international law and director of the Orville Schell Jr. Center for International Human Rights at the Yale University Law School. His lecture was titled “Aliens in our

‘Beloved Community’.”

January 20

@ Award Ceremony The Slovak Academy of Sciences presented the Aurel Stodola Golden Plaque to Slovak- American physicist Igor Bazovsky in a ceremony at the Smithsonian.

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January 23

w Radio Advertising Campaign The first radio advertise- ment ran in the Office of Public Affairs’ Black History Month campaign, one of three annual radio advertising campaigns aimed at local African American audiences, ages 25 to 45. OPA prepared the ad copy, and three

local radio stations—WKYS, WPGC, and W HUR— produced the ads. The other campaigns were geared to spring school-break activities and to summer Festival of American Folklife events at the Smithsonian.

January 24

@ Members’ Event Contributing Members attended a private viewing of the exhibition “Contemporary Crafts and the Saxe Collection” at the Renwick Gallery of the

National Museum of American Art. January 28 @ Conference Prominent musicians and promoters who helped shape the local contemporary musical scene dis-

cussed the history of Latin music in Washington, D.C., at a conference sponsored by the Anacostia Museum.

January 28-February 13

w Study Tour For the first time, Smithsonian Associ- ates journeyed to Vietnam and Cambodia on two inter-

national study tours sponsored by The Smithsonian Associates.

January 30-February 18

m@ Tour The Archives of American Art sponsored an exploration of extraordinary architectural and artistic sights, “Temple-Mountains and Dragon Kings.” Tour- ing on land and sea, this adventure began in Bangkok and continued to Cambodia, Vietnam, and Hong Kong. Archives Trustee Council member Dr. Helen Jessup was the guest lecturer.

February—September m Exhibition “Virgil Whyte ’All-Girl’ Band,” a display of photographs, documents, and artifacts, was on view at the National Museum of American History. The exhi- bition showed how a touring U.S.O. band promoted equal job opportunity for women during World War II because the band’s director, Virgil Whyte, demanded that his female musicians receive union pay equal to

that of male musicians of comparable skills.

February I-4

w Public Program John Singleton, director of the ac- claimed Boyz ’n the Hood, was among the participants at the conference “too Years of Black Film: Imaging African American Life, History, and Culture” at the

National Museum of American History. February 6-9

@ Course “Exhibit, Storage, and Handling of Furniture Collections,” a preservation-oriented specialist course

for caretakers of furniture collections, was organized at

the Conservation Analytical Laboratory.

February 8

@ Television Broadcast Millions of early-morning tele- vision viewers had a good look at the National Museum of American History when it was the site of a special

broadcast of Good Morning America on ABC.

February 10-November 19

w Exhibition “Majestic in His Wrath: The Life of Fred- erick Douglass,” coorganized with the National Park Service, was on view at the National Portrait Gallery. Commemorating the 100th anniversary of civil rights crusader Douglass’ death, this exhibition evoked his life and legacy. The accompanying catalog, Mayzestic in His Wrath: A Pictorial Life of Frederick Douglass. by Portrait Gallery historian Frederick S. Voss, received the Blue Pencil Award from the National Association of

Government Communicators.

February 10

@ Public Program na Cultures in Motion program at the National Portrait Gallery entitled “The Painted Gourd: Red and Black Voices,” Penny Gamble Wil- liams (Wampanoag/Chappaquiddick), ZSun-nee Matema (Choctaw/African), and Victoria Price (Cherokee/African) shared stories, histories, drama, and music from their mixed Native American and

African American heritage of the Southeast. February 13

m Exhibition First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton addressed students, teachers, and several White House workers at Shaed Elementary School in northeast Wash- ington, D.C., in conjunction with the opening of the

exhibition “Workers at the White House” at the school.

The exhibition was produced by the Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies in cooperation with the White House Historical Association and the National Archives.

February 15

w@ Exhibition “Asbestos: Promise, Problems, Panic, Pru- dence” opened at the National Museum of American History as part of the museum's “History in the News”

series.

February 17

w@ Exhibition tion of children’s art, opened in the National Zoo's

“Impressions of Another Land,” an exhibi-

Education Building. The artists, fourth graders from Sydney, Australia, and Chevy Chase, Maryland, drew a remarkable series of pictures of Australian animals—the Sydney students from firsthand experience, the Mary- landers from photographs and videotapes.

February 23

Workers at the White House aired on Washington public television station WETA as part

@ Television Broadcast

of the commemoration of Black History Month. The video was produced by the Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies in cooperation with the White House Historical Association and the National Archives.

February 28—March 1

@ Conference The National Science Resources Center and the Academia de la Investigacién Cientifica, the Mexican counterpart of the National Academy of Sci- ences, cosponsored Mexico's first Forum on Science Edu- cation. The 75 participants, including corporate executives and educators, explored how business and industry in Mexico could become involved in science

education reform. March

w Visit Science, and Technology Baldwin Ngubane visited the

South African Minister of Arts, Culture, Smithsonian.

March

w Exhibition “Full Deck Art Quilts” opened at the Renwick Gallery of the National Museum of American Art. Developed by Maryland-based artist Sue Pierce and

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the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Ser- vice, this exhibition features 54 dramatically colored quilts inspired by playing-card images. The exhibi- tion is traveling to 11 locations across the country, in- cluding regional art centers, university galleries, and

art Museums.

March

B Fellowships stitute, Ulrich Mueller, a researcher from Cornell Uni-

At the Smithsonian Tropical Research In-

versity, was selected as the first Earl S. Tupper three-year postdoctoral fellow; he will conduct research on “The Evolution and Ecology of the Attine-Fungus Symbiosis.” Eloisa Lasso, a senior botany student at the University of Panama, was the first recipient of the Alan P. Smith Fellowship.

March

The National Museum of Natural His- tory completed a comprehensive visitor survey, devoting

@ Visitor Survey

one year to interviewing nearly 5,000 visitors. The sur- vey revealed that nearly half of visitors come to the mu- seum with children, many are visiting the museum for the first time, and most have a relatively focused goal for their visit. The results will help the museum de- velop the most effective and popular exhibitions and public programs.

March

w Exhibition Museum of Natural History and circulated by the

“Spiders!"—organized by the National

Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service— began its national tour at the American Museum of Nat- ural History in New York City. Funded by Marvel Entertainment, “Spiders!” will travel to nine more sci- ence and natural history museums through 1997, includ- ing the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, and the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.

March

gw New Construction Construction of a new 10,460- square-foot office building was begun at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. The new building will house the administrative and edu-

cation program staffs as well as the center's central

computer facilities.

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March

w Special Event Ina ceremony at the National Museum of American History, Hillary Rodham Clinton pre- sented the gown she wore to inaugural balls in 1993 to the First Ladies Collection. The gown is on exhibit in the “Ceremonial Court,” which displays many artifacts belonging to past presidents and first families and re- creates architectural details of the 1902 White House.

March 6

w Benefit Event The Detroit Council of the Archives of American Art presented “Celestial Sorcery,” its annual

benefit ball, at the Renaissance Club in Detroit.

March 8

B Awards Program The National Science Resources Center cohosted a program for secondary school teachers who received the Presidential Awards for Excellence in

Science and Mathematics Teaching. March 9

The Archives of American Art New York

Committee visited the studio and home of the re-

w Tour

nowned sculptor Donald Judd. William Agee, professor of art history at Hunter College and chairman of the Archives’ New York Advisory Committee, lectured on Judd’s private collection, which shows the evolution of his work and displays the work of artists he admired.

March 12-14 @ Conference Smithsonian scholars from many dis- ciplines held a three-day conference, “What About In- crease? The First Science and Humanities Dialogue.” The event was supported by the Office of the Provost. Focusing on the history and contributions of Smithson- ian researchers, the meeting brought together scholars from the sciences and humanities for the first time in many years and fostered a spirit of community, shared

goals, and cooperative endeavor.

March 15

w Publication Award Smithsonian Institution Univer- sity Press’s publication Eakins and the Photograph: Works by Thomas Eakins and His Circle in the Collection of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, by Suan Danly and Chery] Liebold, was selected as the winner of the

George Witcenborn Memorial Award, given annually by the Art Libraries Society of North America.

March 15

wm Exhibition Stills” opened at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture

“Directions—Cindy Sherman: Film

Garden, marking the first complete showing of a forma- tive series for this artist (b. 1954), who is known for her evocatively staged, self-posed photographs. The exhibi- tion inspired programs, including a film-noir festival, a high school photography project and exhibition, a lec- ture, and a “Young at Art” photo-collage workshop.

March 16

@ Dedication tute dedicated its library to Earl S. Tupper on the open-

The Smithsonian Tropical Research Insti-

ing of the new annex and the expansion of the original library building, which were made possible by a gift from the Tupper family. The STRI branch of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries has been the premier Central American research library for the scientific com- munity since 1956. The renovated facilities will help staff serve the 18,000 library users who come each year.

March 17

w Special Event and scope of the Smithsonian, the Visitor Information

To promote understanding of the size

and Associates’ Reception Center cohosted a reception with the Washington Area Concierge Association for leading international concierges who were in the city to

attend the annual meeting of Les Clefs d'Or.

March 18-19

@ Public Program and Exhibition The National Museum of American History presented “What's American about American Quilts?’”—a conference examining as- pects of American and European quilting traditions. The forum was produced with support from the Ameri- can Quilt Defense Fund. On March 14, the museum opened the exhibition “Putting Her Best Quilt For- ward: Exhibiting at the Fair,” which focused on how 19th-century fairs gave women quilters an opportunity to display their talents and gather new ideas.

March 22

The National Air and Space Museum's most prestigious space lecture, the Wernher

gw Public Program

von Braun Memorial Lecture, was presented by Dr.

John H. Gibbons, assistant to the president for science and technology and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.

March 23-26 @ Outreach At the National Science Teachers Association's annual convention in Philadelphia, the Na- tional Science Resources Center exhibited its programs, made presentations, and gave workshops on its Science and Technology for Children curriculum units.

March 23

@ Milestone Jomu, one of the world’s first cheetahs produced by artificial insemination, became part of the National Zoo's Cheetah Conservation Station. The 21- month-old female is a product of new research in as- sisted reproduction of endangered cats conducted at the Caldwell Zoo in Tyler, Texas, by staff from the Zoo's

New Opportunities in Animal Health Sciences Center.

March 24

Bw Major Gift

niture and interior designer, and her husband Dr. James

Agnes Bourne, a San Francisco-based fur-

Luebbers sold their century-old landmark mansion, Stonehouse, and donated $2 million of the proceeds to Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum for the museum's renovation and accessibility project.

March 24

w Exhibition ern Sculpture from the Hirshhorn Museum” opened

“The Human Figure Interpreted: Mod-

at the Taipei Fine Arts Museum in Taiwan, launching a tour that included museums in Otsu, Tokyo, Iwaki, and Takamatsu, Japan. The largest presentation of sculpture from the Hirshhorn ever sent overseas, the exhibition featured some 60 works by Edgar Degas, Henri Matisse, Alexander Archipenko, Alberto Giacometti, Henry Moore, Marino Marini, and—in Japan only, where the tour was supported by Tokyo's Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper chain—Auguste Rodin and Jacques Lipchitz.

Marth 25—April 7 w Study Tour Smithsonian Associates traveled to Syria for the first time on an international study tour spon-

sored by The Smithsonian Associates, visiting the classi- cal archaeological sites of Palmyra and Apamea.

March 25

w Festival The largest crowd ever—estimated at more than 15,000 people—attended The Smithsonian Associates’ 29th annual Kite Festival on the Washing- ton Monument grounds. Kite flyers from all over the world entered the handmade-kite flying contest, and the sky was filled with stunning kite displays provided by contestants and various kite organizations.

March 26

w Public program “A Discussion with Hiroshima Kazuo,” whose work was featured in the exhibition “A Basketmaker in Rural Japan” at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery drew members of the public whose interest had

been piqued by Mr. Hiroshima’s remarkable repertoire of utilitarian baskets.

March 27

w News Conference The Office of Public Affairs organ- ized a news conference to launch the planning and com- memoration of the Smithsonian's Isoth anniversary in 1996. Secretary I. Michael Heyman described the Institution's plans for the celebration, from the big event on the National Mall to the once-in-a-lifetime

traveling exhibition of treasures from the collections. March 31

@ Facility Design of the American Indian's Cultural Resources Center in

The design of the National Museum

Suitland, Maryland, was completed by the award-win- ning architectural firm of Polshek and Partners of New York City, working with Metcalf Tobey Davis of Res- ton, Virginia, in association with the Native American Design Collaborative.

Spring

8 Awards received awards from the Art Director's Club and the

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

Type Director’s Club for the museum's new graphic identity program.

Spring

w Publiation National Museum of American Art, which invites readers to explore a wide range of the museum's collections, was published by the museum in collabora-

tion with Bullfinch. Featuring 450 full-color

illustrations, the book is organized thematically to re-

20

flect the variety of concerns and aesthetic visions that have shaped American art over the past three centuries. It was the Smithsonian's annual gift to almost 80,000 Contributing Members.

April

@ Exhibition developed of the popular National Museum of Ameri-

A small-format, free-standing version was

can History-Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibi- tion Service exhibition “Beyond Category: The Musical Genius of Duke Ellington.” Two copies of this version, a coliaboration between SITES and the American Library Association, opened simultaneously at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh and the Providence, Rhode Island, Public Library. SITES also prepared a third copy, which opened at the Broward County Main Library in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The original exhibition was on view in California at the San Francisco and Monterey Jazz Festivals during the summer of 1995. “Beyond Cate- gory” is part of the program America’s Jazz Heritage: A Partnership of the Lila Wallace-Reader’s Digest Fund and the Smithsonian Institution.

April

@ Exhibitions The National Air and Space Museum opened two World War II-related exhibitions: “Build- ing the Arsenal of Democracy: World War II Photo- graphs from the National Air and Space Museum Archives” and “Hellcat.”

April

@ New Laboratory The National Zoo’s Department of Zoological Research established a biovisualization lab- oratory. Orchestrated by Dr. Alfred Rosenberger, this state-of-the-art computerized system incorporates dig- itized 3-D imaging and animation. These tools will allow scientists to display and study biological and cultural artifacts, such as animal skulls, in three- dimensional digital form with a high degree of accuracy. April

@ Research The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center initiated seasonal sampling of 100 tributaries of the Rappahannock and Shenandoah Rivers in Vir- ginia for concentrations of nutrients. The sampling

was part of the center's overall study of the Chesa- peake Bay watershed.

April

w Publication tory published Space for Women. a 20-page booklet en-

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa- couraging young women to pursue Careers 1n astronomy. April

w Electronic Outreach With the introduction of its World Wide Web home page, the National Museum of American Art expanded its effort to offer Internet resources. The home page joined the museum's Gopher site, which premiered in January. Offerings on the award-winning World Wide Web site include an elec- tronic tour of the “White House Collection of American Crafts” exhibition and pages devoted to each of the

museum's special exhibitions. April

B Collections from the old location of the National Museum of the

The move of more than 45,000 objects

American Indian in New York City to the Research Branch in the Bronx, New York, began.

April

@ Conference The Fourth International Conference on Space Tether Systems was held at the Smithsonian with the joint sponsorship of the Smithsonian Astrophysical

Observatory, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Italian Space Agency.

April

w New Membership Program The Center for Folklife Pro- grams and Cultural Studies initiated Friends of the Fes- tival, a group that will develop programs in support of the Festival of American Folklife.

April

w Exhibition Videos The Office of Telecommunications completed six videos for the new “Exploring Marine Ecosystems” exhibition at the National Museum of Nar- ural History, giving visitors a close-up look at the work-

ings of various marine habitats. April

The National Science Re-

sources Center began nationally field-testing the prelim-

B Curriculum Development

inary editions of Solids and Liquids and Comparing and

Measuring, two first-grade units in the Science and Technology for Children hands-on science curriculum program.

April 1

w Exhibition opening “On the River” opened at the Freer Gallery of Art with a selection of 27 Chinese hand- scrolls, album leaves, hanging scrolls, and fans from the

13th through 19th century depicting life along China's waterways.

April 3

@ Agreement The Smithsonian Institution and Lancit Media Productions Ltd. signed an agreement to jointly develop a major television series for children ages 8 to

12 based on Smithsonian resources.

April 4—July 14

@ Exhibition was presented at the Archives of American Art New

“Giorgio Cavallon: A Signal Luminosity”

York Regional Center Gallery. Cavallon was an Italian- born American artist who showed in New York with the early abstract expressionists such as Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning. The show highlighted his quiet career of hard work and reticence in the face of the

explosive art world of his day.

April 5

The 1995 Rutherford J. Gettens Memorial Lecture on technical studies of art was delivered by

@ Lecture

Noel Barnard, professor emeritus of East Asian art his- tory at the Australian National University. His topic was “Centrifugal and Centripetal Aspects of the Devel- opment of Metallurgy in China.”

April 6-8

@ Meeting The Smithsonian National Board held its spring meeting in Seattle, Washington.

April 7-August 13

w Exhibition James McNeill Whistler” was on view at the National

“In Pursuit of the Butterfly: Portraits of

Portrait Gallery. The more than 80 works in the exhibi- tion showed aspects of Whistler's public and private lives, from his student days in Paris to his last years in turn-of-the-century London.

April 7

w Lecture Series “First Fridays: Gallery Talks,” featuring informal talks by staff, was inaugurated by the Educa- tion Division of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden with Associate Curator Phyllis Rosenzweig's discussion of Louise Bourgeois’s 1947—49 sculpture The Blind Leading the Blind.

April 12

w Benefit Event Museum hosted its second annual benefit auction at

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design

Christie's. More than 500 guests attended the event, which raised over $130,000 for the museum's general operating expenses.

April 12

B Artist Talk The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden continued its “Collection Reviewed” series of artist's talks, sponsored by the Smithsonian's Special Exhibition Fund, with a presentation by African Ameri- can artist Robert Colescott of New Mexico. On May 17, Juliao Sarmento of Lisbon, Portugal, continued the se- ries with an appearance that received additional support

from the Luso-American Development Foundation.

April 15

B Fellowships The Office of Fellowships and Grants offered 66 awards under the Smithsonian Fellowship Program. Twenty-one percent of the awards went to

people from underrepresented groups. April 20

w Research Astrophysical Observatory scientist and European col-

An experiment developed by a Smithsonian

leagues to map ozone levels in Earth’s upper atmosphere was launched aboard the European Remote Sensing Satellite. April 22

w Exhibition “Ocean Planet,” which celebrates the spec- tacular biological diversity of the oceans and examines the human impact on them, opened at the National Museum of Natural History on Earth Day. The $4.1 mil- lion, 7,500-square-foot exhibition was made possible by a unique combination of foundation and corporate sup- porters, including the National Science Foundation, Times Mirror Magazines, Inc., and The Pew Charitable

Trusts. The exhibition was organized by the museum

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and the Smithsonian's Environmental Awareness Pro- gram and will be circulated nationally through 1999 by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition

Service. April 22

@ Special event chase at their annual dinner, the Friends of Asian Arts

Among the works of art selected for pur-

at the Freer and Sackler Galleries chose the rare Portrait of Yamamoto Kansuke, a hanging scroll by Gion Seitoku (1781-1829?) for addition to the collection of the Freer Gallery of Art.

April 23

@ Workshop The National Science Resources Center conducted two science education workshops for more than 200 participants at the 123rd annual meeting of the National Academy of Sciences.

April 24

w Endowment The Vincent Wilkinson Endowment was established in the Center for Museum Studies by Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Welters. The fund, named in honor of Mrs. Welters’ father, supports African American undergraduates in the center's Museum Intern Partner-

ship Program. April 26

@ Appreciation Event The Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center hosted the annual apprecia-

tion event for behind-the-scenes volunteers. April 27-30

B Craft Show 120 exhibitors at the Smithsonian Craft Show, held in

Fifteen thousand visitors saw displays of

the National Building Museum. This annua! event is

sponsored by the Smithsonian Women’s Committee. April 28-September 4

w Exhibition and Electronic Outreach The “White House Collection of American Crafts” exhibition

and its complementary Internet tour (heep://www.nmaa.si-edu//whc/americancrafts) show- cased 72 examples of contemporary craft by some of America’s most innovative artists in glass, ceramics, wood, metal, and fiber. The works were originally as-

sembled for display in the White House in recognition

of the Year of American Craft in 1993. First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton introduced the exhibition to the press at the museum on April 25. As the exhibition tours Ameri- can museums through mid—1997, the regularly updated Internet tour invites electronic “visitors” to see the objects in the White House and visit the artists in their studios. The electronic tour was made possible by a gift from MCI.

April 28

w Public Program More than 300 middle school and high school students from 18 public schools in the Washington, D.C., area participated in a showcase of poetry, song, and dance during the Smithsonian's Fourth Annual Duke Ellington Youth Festival at the National Museum of American History. The students also displayed original works of art based on themes in Ellington's life and work in a temporary exhibition

presented in conjunction with the festival. April 29

The Arthur M. Sackler Gallery held a one-day symposium, “Saints, Sufis, and Siddhas: Holy

m Symposium

Men and Women in South Asian Art,” exploring the broad significance of the holy personage in the artistic culture of South Asia. The symposium was generously funded by Mrs. Arthur M. Sackler.

May

gw Visit Sirikit of Thailand was guest of honor at a luncheon at the

During her visit to the Smithsonian, Queen

National Museum of American History and an evening re- ception at the National Museum of Natural History.

May

mw Exhibition The National Museum of African Art opened the traveling exhibition “Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa,” which presented 300 artifacts that document the rise and fall of Nubian kingdoms from 3100 B.C. to A.D. 400. In conjunction with the exhibition, which was organized by the University of Pennsylvania Museum, the National Museum of Afri- can Art sponsored extensive programs for the public and teachers, including workshops, panel discussions, storytelling, and musical performances.

May

w Fellowship Dr. Pedro E. Leon Azofeifa of the School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, was awarded the

second George E. Burch Fellowship, administered by the Office of Fellowships and Grants.

May

g@ Exhibition “VanDerZee, Photographer (1886—1983),” a National Portrait Gallery exhibition, began its national tour under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service at the African American Museum of Fine Arts in San Diego, California.

May

@ Publication The Freer Gallery of Art published With Kindest Regards, a volume of correspondence between James McNeill Whistler and Gallery founder Charles Lang Freer, edited by Linda Merrill, associate curator of

American art. May 1

@ Internships Thirty-three students were offered awards under the Summer Minority Internship Program administered by the Office of Fellowships and Grants. Thirteen were African American, ten were Latino, seven were Asian American, two were Native American, and

one was physically challenged. May 3-6

w Members’ Event and a half days of behind-the-scenes tours in the “Trea-

Contributing Members enjoyed three sures of the Smithsonian” program.

May 4

@ Tour and Reception In celebration of the Archives of American Art's 40th anniversary, the Detroit Council sponsored an art tour and reception at Masco Corpora- tion in Taylor, Michigan. Archives trustee Richard Manoogian and his wife, Jane Manoogian, hosted an eve-

ning of dining and tours of the Masco Corporate Art Collection and the Masco Home Furnishings Showroom.

May 5

@ Conference In coordination with the Office of the Pro- vost, the Smithsonian Council of Museum Education Directors organized an Institution-wide conference on “Museums as Partners in School Reform.” The confer- ence provided an overview of Goals 2000: Educate America Act and the national guidelines for disciplin- ary standards for education. Participants also learned

tv rey)

about local, national, and Smithsonian examples of the

museum community’s involvement in school reform. May 6

w Children’s Program Children with visual impair- ments were encouraged to experience works of art at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in a “Young at Art” family workshop. During the year, eight “Young

at Art” programs enthralled more than 160 six-to-eleven year olds and their parents.

May 6

w New Research Facility A major field station for ma- rine biological research in the Caribbean was opened in the Cayos Cochinos Biological Reserve by a consortium of private partners in Honduras and Switzerland, the Honduras Coral Reef Foundation, and a partnership of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the

Honduran government.

May 6-7 @ Conference In conjunction with the Anacostia Museum's exhibition “Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity among Black Immigrants in Washington, D.C.,” a two-day conference focused on Caribbean music in Washington. Promoters, performers, deejays, producers, and media personalities participated in panel

discussions and musical demonstrations. May 7

w Public program Visitors of all ages to the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery had the opportunity to explore the bio- logical, literary, musical, artistic, and even culinary asso- ciations of bamboo during the first “Spirit of Bamboo” family day. The program, presented during the exhibi- tion “A Basketmaker in Rural Japan,” was repeated three times during the month.

May 7-11

mw Workshop The National Science Resources Center and the New York City Urban Systemic Initiative co- sponsored a Science Education Leadership Institute for New York City public school teachers. More than 70 participants representing kindergarten through 12th

grade attended the week-long institute.

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May 8

w Electronic Outreach The Office of Public Affairs helped open the Smithsonian's home page (http://www.si.edu), which instantly became one of the most popular sites on the World Wide Web. The cere- mony to launch the site was held in the office of the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The opening demonstration included the online exhibitions “Ocean Planet” and “White House Collection of American Crafts”; services such as what to see in the museums and what to buy in the shops; information on everything from dinosaurs to sculptures; 3,000 images; and a sam-

pling of recordings from the Smithsonian collection.

May &

w Electronic Outreach The Smithsonian Institution Trav- eling Exhibition Service entered cyberspace on the Smithsonian's World Wide Web home page, which makes available a list of SITES exhibitions currently traveling around the country.

May 8

w Electronic Outreach The National Portrait Gallery launched its virtual museum as part of the Smithsonian's home page on the World Wide Web and the Smithsonian Online educational service on America Online. Previews of exhibitions, current events, high- lights of the permanent collection, brochures, educa- tional programs, and publications are available on both services. On the Fourth of July holiday, America Online featured an image of Rembrandt Peale’s famous “Port- hole” portrait of George Washington; users downloaded the image nearly 1,400 times.

May 8

w Electronic Outreach The National Museum of Natural History's home page made its debut on the World Wide Web. Museum information available to Internet users now includes the mission statement, the visitors’ guide, the quarterly calendar of events, and an online version of the “Ocean Planet” exhibition. Information about each of the research departments and many specialized publi- cations and collections is also provided.

May 8

w Symposium The Smithsonian Corporate Membership

Program hosted its annual luncheon program, “The

Power of Learning in an Enlightened Information Age,” in the Castle Commons.

May 8-12

gw Training With the course “Conservation Admin- istration,” the students in the class of 1996 at the Conservation Analytical Laboratory's Furniture Conservation Training Program finished their three years of course work. They will graduate after com- pleting one-year internships.

May 9

w Special Event tration and their families visited the National Museum

Members of Congress and the adminis-

of Natural History during its first Open House Expedi- tion. Adults and children followed special maps to lo- cate nearly 50 stations throughout the museum where staff members displayed unusual objects from the museum's collections, described research projects, and answered questions from guests. The event was spon- sored by Motorola.

May 11

w@ Public Program The National Air and Space Museum's most prestigious aviation lecture, the Charles A. Lindbergh Memorial Lecture, was presented by World War II fighter pilot Quentin C. Aanenson.

May 12

gw Exhibition America,” an exhibition devoted to vacation postcards,

“Are We There Yet? Vacationing in

opened at the National Postal Museum.

May 14, 1995

w Exhibition opening “Whistler and Japan,” featuring two of the best-known collections of the Freer Gallery of Art, was one of four exhibitions marking the work of the American expatriate artist James McNeill Whistler

held in Washington, D.C., this year.

May 17

w Family Packages The Office of Public Affairs released its Smithsonian Family Packages, a collection of useful information for adults who plan to visit the museums with children or young adults, updated for the summer of 1995. The free Family Package, issued in English and Spanish and intended for both news media and the pub-

lic, contains a guide to museums with exhibitions and activities popular among children and young adults, a Smithsonian quiz for kids, and Io tips for visitors with children.

May 18

w Benefit Event The Friends of the National Zoo's 12th annual fund-raising gala, ZooFari, featured food from 100 Washington-area restaurants and attracted thousands of guests. The proceeds supported National Zoo exhibition, education, conservation, and research programs.

May 18

w Public program and seek), a dance-drama created as part of the Asian

Culture Project of The Model Secondary School for the Deaf was offered in the Meyer Auditorium of the Freer

A performance of “Kakurenbo (hide

Gallery of Arc. The project resulted from collaboration among The Model Secondary School for the Deaf, The Freer and Arthur M. Sackler galleries, and the Japan Information and Culture Center.

May 19

w Exhibition plants and animals went on view in the National Mu-

A magnificent display of living marine

seum of Natural History’s new permanent exhibition “Exploring Marine Ecosystems.” After entering through a simulated undersea kelp forest, visitors can view mod- els of two of Earth’s most fascinating natural communi- ties: the rocky coast of Maine and a Caribbean coral reef. The new exhibition is the second segment of a three- phase rejuvenation of the museum's marine hall.

May 23 w Lecture In commemoration of the soth anniversary of Harry S. Truman's inauguration, Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer David McCullough addressed a capacity audience as The Smithsonian Associates paid tribute to the nation’s 33rd president.

May 24

w Design Award The Hirshhorn Museum plaza won a 1995 Federal Design Achievement Award. The renova- tion and landscaping project by James Urban Associates of Annapolis, Maryland, introduced trees, accessibility features, areas of lawn, and granite flooring to the plaza.

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May 24

w Design Awards Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Mu- seum received seven 1995 Federal Design Achievement Awards for recent exhibitions and the publication The Edge of the Millennium.

May 25

w Milestone The first breeding outside the wild of a Hawaiian honeycreeper was achieved at the National Zoo's Conservation and Research Center. Scientists at the center are using several nonendangered types of honeycreepers as research surrogates to develop hus- bandry and propagation techniques for Hawaii's highly endangered avian species.

May 26

@ Special Event United States travel destination for foreign visitors, the

To promote the Smithsonian as a primary

Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center cohosted a reception for major international tour operators at the National Air and Space Museum with the Washing- ton, D.C., Convention and Visitors Association.

May 26

w Exhibition The Smithsonian Institution Libraries ex- hibition “Science and the Artist's Book,” cosponsored by the Washington Project for the Arts, explored how sci- entific ideas can stimulate artistic creation. The year- long show, featured in the June 1995 Smzthsonian magazine, displays original artists’ books inspired by and displayed with pioneering scientific studies in the rare book collections of the Libraries’ Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology.

May 30

w Lecture Roald Hoffmann, Cornell University’s Nobel laureate in chemistry, poet, and author, delivered the Dibner Library Lecture, “Chemistry Imagined,” which explored connections between science and art. The lecture was featured in conjunction with the opening of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries exhibition

“Science and the Artist's Book.” May 31

w Major Gift and New Facility The Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation was established at the National Museum

26

of American History through a $10.4 million gift from inventor Jerome Lemelson and his wife, Dorothy. Their cash donation is the largest ever given to the Smithson-

ian Institution by an individual.

Summer

w Teachers’ Workshops The National Museum of Ameri- can Art hosted three week-long summer workshops for teachers from across the country, extending the use of

the museum’s education resource materials.

Summer

@ Grant The National Museum of American Art re- ceived a five-year grant to continue a New Media Learn- ing Environment project in Nebraska that will facilitate offering museum art and information online to schools. A summer workshop focused on integrating art and technology. The museum is also working on an online

pilot project involving Texas schools.

June

@ New Membership Program The National Air and Space Society was established as an individual member- ship program designed to raise capital funds for the building of the National Air and Space Museum's Dulles Center as well as to support the museum's restoration and preservation projects and educational programs. By the end of the fiscal year, the society had more than 2,000 contributing members.

June

w@ New Department The National Museum of American Art established a development department and launched a quarterly members’ newsletter to keep spe- cial constituents in closer touch with museum activities

and behind-the-scenes information.

June

@ [nternships mentary and Secondary Education, brought its 20th

Intern '95, sponsored by the Office of Ele-

class of graduating high school seniors to Washington

for career-related work experience in the museums.

June

@ Electronic Republishing The Smithsonian Institution Libraries launched an electronic republishing program

with a pilot project funded by the Atherton Seidell En-

dowment. The full, searchable text of two volumes in the Smithsonian's Bureau of American Ethnology series of Native American anthropology studies will be avail- able on the Libraries’ World Wide Web site.

June

w Professional Development The Office of Elementary and Secondary Education coordinated 15 for-credit short courses for local teachers, ranging from “Insects in the

Classroom” to “Using Museums to Teach Writing.”

June

w Exhibition Exhibition Service donated “Contrasts/Contrastes: Forty

The Smithsonian Institution Traveling

Years of Continuity and Change in Puerto Rico,” an ex- hibition of photographs by Jack Delano, to the Poncé

Museum in Poncé, Puerto Rico. The donation coincided with Delano’s gift of his collection to the museum. The

event was celebrated with a variety of public programs.

June

@ Publication Radio Smithsonian's 1996 Jazz Calendar was published for distribution to listeners of the radio series Jazz Smithsonian, showcasing the Smithsonian's

broad commitment to preserving and celebrating jazz.

June

@ Research Consortium The headquarters of the Chesa- peake Research Consortium moved to the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. The consortium fosters research among its six members: the Smithsonian, Johns Hopkins University, the University of Maryland, the College of William and Mary, Old Dominion Uni-

versity, and the Philadelphia Academy of Science.

June

w Promotional Initiative The Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center began providing informa- tion about Smithsonian exhibitions and activities to

Digital Ink, the Washington Post's online service.

June

m Research A novel underwater videotape camera provided by the National Geographic Society was em- ployed by a team of scientists led by the National Zoo's Dr. Daryl] Boness to gather the first underwater images and data on harbor seal behavior. The team traveled to

Sable Island in the North Atlantic Ocean to attach cam- eras temporarily to the backs of the seals.

June—July

@ Publiwations The Office of Public Affairs issued up- dated versions of two of its Institution-wide resource brochures: “Native American Resources at the Smithsonian” and “Latino Resources at the Smithson- ian.” These brochures encourage readers to participate in cultural activities at the Smithsonian and to take ad- vantage of research, employment, internship, and fellow- ship opportunities. Funding for “Latino Resources” was provided by the James Smithson Society. Partial fund- ing for “Native American Resources” was provided by the Phillips Petroleum Foundation, Inc.

June—July

w Exhibition The Center for Folklife Programs and Cul- tural Studies mounted an exhibition of the work of Cape Verdean photographer Ron Barboza in the Interna- tional Center. The exhibition featured portraits of Cape Verdeans from most of the islands in the archipelago and from communities in Portugal and the United States, landscapes, and the work Cape Verdeans do that contributes to their own and many of the world’s communities.

June l

@ Tour The Archives of American Art New York Committee visited the Hudson River Museum to view the highly acclaimed George Inness exhibition. Follow- ing the tour, participants were welcomed at the home of Archives trustee Frank Martucci and his wife, Katherine Martucci, for a tour of their collection, which includes works by Inness as well as by Russian, Israeli, and Ital-

ian contemporary artists.

June I

@ Lecture The National Postal Museum hosted “Marilyn Monroe: The Myth and the Message,” a lec- ture by film critics and cinema scholars Molly Haskel and Andrew Sarris, held in conjunction with the issu- ance of the Marilyn Monroe stamp by the United States

Postal Service.

June r

@ Colloquium The Freer Gallery of Art cosponsored a

Whistler Scholars’ Colloquium with the Centre for

Whistler Studies, University of Glasgow, and held at the Freer. The colloquium also marked the beginning of a col- laborative project between the two organizations to pub- lish all the letters written by James McNeill Whistler.

June 2

“Whistler and His World,” a one- day segment of a three-day symposium on the life and

pw Public Program

art of James McNeill Whistler, was presented at the National Portrait Gallery in conjunction with the exhi- bition “In Pursuit of the Butterfly: Portraits of James McNeill Whistler.” The symposium was jointly spon- sored by the National Portrait Gallery, the National Gallery of Art, and the Freer Gallery of Arc.

June 3

@ Members’ Event Contributing Members had a special after-hours viewing of the exhibition “Ocean Planet” at

the National Museum of Natural History.

June 5

w Milestone Griff, the National Zoo's 13-year-old Masai giraffe, gave birth to a 114-pound female calf. The new- born stood 5 feet, 10 inches tall and took its first stum-

bling steps in just 28 minutes. Masai giraffes, although

not endangered, are not common in North American

ZOOS.

June &-9

w Public Program

Museum presented “Les Journées des Artisans: A Cele-

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design

bration of Craftsmanship,” a two-day festival featuring artisans from New York and France demonstrating traditional craft techniques in leather, stained glass,

wrought iron, gold leaf, and other materials.

June 8

w Research Ground was broken for the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s pioneering array of six submillimeter radio telescopes at a site near the summit

of Mauna Kea, Hawaii.

June 9

w Exhibition “Flight Time Barbie: Dolls from the Pop- ular Culture Collection of the National Air and Space Museum” opened in the museum's Flight and the Arts

gallery.

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June 12

w Public Program The National Portrait Gallery pre- sented “Friends of Frederick Douglass: Harriet Beecher Stowe,” a Cultures in Motion lecture and discussion by Stowe’s biographer Joan Hedrick on the phenomenal impact of Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The presenta- tion was accompanied by a staged reading of scenes from I Ain't Your Uncle, Robert Alexander's recent play

based on the novel.

June 14—September 10

Bw Exhibition “Sean Scully: Twenty Years, 1976-1995” launched an international tour at the Hirshhorn Mu- seum and Sculpture Garden, accompanied by a public dialogue by the artist and organizing curator Ned Rifkin, director of the High Museum of Art in Atlanta. Organized by that museum, where it traveled after clos- ing in Washington, the retrospective charted the evoca- tive abstract imagery of this Irish-born American artist (b. 1945) with more than 60 paintings and works on paper. From Atlanta, the exhibition traveled to Barce- lona, Dublin, and Frankfurt.

June 15

w Exhibition “World War II: Sharing Memories,” which opened at the National Museum of American History, used wartime artifacts to evoke the memories of visitors, who were encouraged to write their thoughts in notebooks. Hundreds of people wrote firsthand ac- counts and reminiscences handed down by family mem- bers. Many of the notes were posted on a bulletin board inside the exhibition for other visitors to read.

June 17

w Exhibition and Education Programs At the Anacostia Museum, students from the Lucy Ellen Moten Elemen- tary School exhibited original writings, artwork, photo- graphs, and artifacts reflecting the Anacostia community. This exhibition, which followed a series of history lessons and exhibition-related workshops, was developed through the museum's continuing partner- ship with the school. It was supported by the Smithsonian's Educational Outreach Fund with addi- tional funding from the Freddie Mac Foundation.

June 17

m Festival The Anacostia Museum held its annual day-

long celebration of Juneteenth, the anniversary of the

emancipation of Texas slaves in 1865. The free festivities included music, games, demonstrations, food, and fam-

ily activities on the museum grounds.

June 19-30

@ Research Seminar The Center for Museum Studies offered “Interpreting Latino Cultures: Research and Museums.” This 1995 Latino Graduate Training Semi- nar in Qualitative Methodology was cosponsored with the Inter-University Program for Latino Research and

the University of Texas at Austin.

June 20—July 11

@ Lecture and Concert Series This year’s free summer lecture and concert series at Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, “Crosscurrents,” focused on contempo-

rary design and Latino culture.

June 20

@ Symposium The National Zoo's Office of Public Af- fairs organized the symposium “Forever Changed: Birds on the Hawaiian Islands.” Smithsonian scientists dis- cussed the history and conservation status of Hawaii's remarkable bird population and the discovery of recently extinct birds that have provided DNA samples. As a result of these DNA analyses, scientists have begun to rethink the evolutionary relationships between

Hawaiian avifauna.

June 23-27. June 30—July 4

g Festival The Center for Folklife Programs and Cul- tural Studies produced the 29th annual Festival of American Folklife, featuring “The Cape Verdean Con- nection,” “The Czech Republic: Tradition and Transfor- mation,” “Heartbeat: Voices of First Nations Women,” and “Russian Roots, American Branches: Music in Two Worlds.” The festival included a visit by the president of Cape Verde and salutations from President Clinton. Two Smithsonian/Folkways recordings, Heartbeat: Vozces of First Nations Women and Old Beltevers: Songs of the Nekrasov Cossacks, were released at the festival's opening. More than one million people visited the festival.

June 24-25

mw Special Event The Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies presented the sacred and social music,

traditional poetry, dance, food, and crafts of Washing-

ton-area African-born immigrants as part of the African Immigrant Folklife Study Project.

June 24

@ Lecture The Office of the Provost sponsored a lecture by Ana Maria Cabral, vice-president of the Amilcar Cabral Institute of the Republic of Cape Verde, West Africa. The address was delivered on the 20th anniver- sary of Cape Verdean independence and held in conjunc-

tion with the Festival of American Folklife.

June 25-30 and July 23-28 B Conferences The National Science Resources Center conducted two Elementary Science Leadership Insti- tutes for 36 teams from U.S. school districts and one team each from Mexico and South Africa. Most teams included a school superintendent or assistant super- intendent, a science coordinator or director of cur- riculum and instruction, an experienced teacher, and a senior scientist representing a company or academic institution. The teams developed strategic plans to improve the teaching of science in their elementary schools.

June 26-29

B Workshop The American Indian Museum Studies Program, part of the Center for Museum Studies, spon- sored “Developing and Managing Living History Pro- grams,” a workshop hosted in Tahlequah , Oklahoma, by the Cherokee National Museum.

June 27-30

@ Public Program As part of efforts to make its collec- tions accessible to Native Americans on reservations and in communities around the country, the National Museum of the American Indian displayed 24 19th- century Navajo wearing blankets at the Ned A. Hatathli Museum of the Navajo Community College in Tsaile, Arizona.

June 27

@ Media Preview The Office of Public Affairs devel- oped and carried out the media preview held before the opening of the “Enola Gay” exhibition at the National Air and Space Museum, which was covered intensely by U.S. and foreign news media. More than 200 journal-

ists, including 85 television crews, attended the preview.

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June 28

gw Exhibition “Enola Gay,” an exhibition about the Boe- ing B-29 Superfortress that dropped the first atomic bomb and hastened the end of World War II, opened at the National Air and Space Museum.

June 29

w Promotional Initiative The Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center expanded its capacity to promote Smithsonian programs and initiatives with the installation of graphic message capability in the Smithsonian Information Center's twin theaters.

June 30-October 29

@ Exhibition An in-depth survey of the daguerreotype in America was the subject of “Secrets of the Dark Chamber: The Art of the American Daguerreotype” at the National Museum of American Art. The exhibition catalogue was named best photography book of 1995 by the New York Times Book Review. The innovative installation featured fiber-optic lights individually illuminating each of the 150 daguerreotypes without glare in a darkened space.

June 30

w Exhibition “The Collection in Context: Thomas Eakins’s Portrait of Frank Hamilton Cushing” opened at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, explor- ing the context and creation of an American realist’s portrayal of a Smithsonian ethnologist famed for his research at Zuni Pueblo. Preliminary studies from the Hirshhorn’s collection accompanied the 1895 oil por- trait, which was lent by the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

July

@ Research The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center expanded its research on the introduction of ex- otic plants, animals, and microbes via ship ballast water. The new studies focus on the survival of these organisms in ballast ranks as ships travel from the port where they filled the ranks to the United States harbor where the ballast water will be released.

July

x

m Professional Development The Office of Elementary

and Secondary Education conducted “Teaching and

30

Learning in a Diverse Society,” a week-long program for 30 California teachers that culminated a two-year series of seminars about working with primary source material

to teach from a multicultural perspective.

July

w Exhibition The National Museum of African Art opened the revised and refurbished exhibition “The Ancient West African City of Benin, A.D. 1300- 1897," featuring the museum's collection from the royal court of the capital of the Kingdom of Benin as it existed before colonial rule. Most of the works were a gift from Joseph H. Hirshhorn to the Smithsonian Institution in 1966 and 1979; the objects were trans- ferred to the National Museum of African Art in 1985 by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.

July

@ Professional Development The Office of Elementary and Secondary Education brought to the Smithsonian 30 teachers from the four communities participating in its collaborative project with the National Faculty. The teachers worked with Smithsonian staff members and university faculty to study material culture and develop classroom materials.

July

w Education Program The National Museum of African Art Education Department sponsored an interdiscipli- nary panel discussion on “The Art and Culture of An- cient Nubia” in conjunction with the exhibition “Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa.” Participants in the standing-room-only program included historian Ismail Abdallah, College of William and Mary; archaeologist David O'Connor, University of Penn- sylvania Museum; cultural anthropologist Ann Jennings; and archaeologist Nettie K. Adams, Webb Museum of Anthropology.

July

w Research ror Telescope building at the Smithsonian's Whipple

Observatory in Arizona were begun in preparation for

Modifications of the existing Multiple Mir-

the conversion of that six-mirror telescope into a single-

mirror instrument 6.5 meters in diameter.

July

the late festival director Ralph Rinzler, featuring Pete and Mike Seeger, Piedmont blues musicians John Cephas and Phil Wiggins, and black Appalachian sing- ers Ed and Melissa Cabbell.

m@ Major Gift The Smithsonian Institution Libraries welcomed a major gift of a microfilm copy of Trade-a- Plane magazine from TAP Publishing Company. Repre- senting the company, Jean Durfee presented the gift of July $226 114 reels of microfilm that preserve the run of the maga-

zine from its beginning in 1937. The gift includes a

aoe 4 i h ‘ @ Museum Careers Seminar The Center for Museum rinting copy, a user copy, and a cabinet to house the i : E P Be COPY? PY Studies held its annual Museum Careers Seminar film. ; : seek series for Smithsonian interns. The four-part program Jul explored museum practice and functions, museum uly

positions, and career planning and guidance.

w Exhibition The National Museum of African Art, in

collaboration with the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, July 8 presented “The Ancient Nubian City of Kerma, 2500— 1500 B.C.” This three-year loan exhibition of works w Exhibition

“The Graceful Envelope,” a temporary ex-

hibition devoted to calligraphy, opened at the National features objects from Kerma, an ancient city that was lo- | Postal Museum.

cated on the Nile River. The exhibition was organized by the Boston museum and its Department of Ancient

from the Museum of Fine Arts’ permanent collection

July 10-14

Egyptian, Nubian and Near Eastern Arr; all objects are

from the bisected University-Museum of Fine Arts, Bos- @ Teachers’ Program With the New York City Board of ton, Expedition. Education, Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

cosponsored the second annual Summer Design July Institute. More than 100 public school teachers ttended thi i , which fe d h- @ Grant The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute SND nor ude eit Sober be aed . : : nology and education. and the Organization for Tropical Studies received a

three-year grant for $350,000 from the Andrew W. Mel- lon Foundation to foster comparative studies among the July 10 two organizations’ sites.

@ Public Program 1n its Cultures in Motion series, the July National Portrait Gallery presented “A Woman Bold Enough,” a new one-woman play by Jane Ross on the

life of 19th-century artist Harriet Hosmer, America’s first successful woman sculptor.

@ Agreement The Smithsonian and Hot Shots/Cool Cuts, Inc., signed an agreement that will open the Of- fice of Telecommunications’ extensive library of film and video footage for licensing by film and television

July 10 production companies. @ Presentation National Science Resources Center July-August Deputy Director Sally Goetz Shuler gave the keynote : ; ; address, “Lessons Learned about Systemic Reform,” at mw Internships For the second year, the Smithsonian Astro- 3 : : : i the annual convention of the National Science Educa- physical Observatory Summer Intern Program brought a : ; niet tion Leadership Association. dozen college undergraduates to the observatory headquar- ters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to work with Smithson- ian scientists on a variety of research projects. July 17-21 July 2 w Diversity Seminar The Center for Museum Studies

sponsored “Awards for Museum Leadership,” an annual five-day program at the Smithsonian that explores cul- tural diversity issues in the museum environment.

m Concert The Center for Folklife Programs and Cul-

tural Studies held a special tribute concert in honor of

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July 20

Bw Research The National Museum of Natural History's Research Initiatives program completed a successful first year with support totaling $325,100 going to pro- jects headed by 35 museum scholars. The five initia- tives—Collections as World Resources; Biodiversity: Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology; Ecosystem History and Global Change; Earth and Planetary Processes; and Human Cultural and Biological Diversity—represent broad research themes to be emphasized at the museum during the next decade. The museum established the new competitive process for directing research funds to encourage innovative projects that explore new ques-

tions and integrate various fields of study. July 20

@ Exhibition Works on Paper” opened at the Hirshhorn Museum and

“Directions—Martin Kippenberger:

Sculpture Garden, featuring more than 50 colorful draw-

ings on hotel stationery and collages by this German artist (b. 1954) from the 1980s and 1990s.

July 21

w Television Broadcast Hall of Presidents doubled as a television studio when

The National Portrait Gallery's

C-SPAN's Washington Journal broadcast a live program on the gallery and its collections. Host Brian Lamb interviewed Director Alan Fern as camera crews pro- vided glimpses of the permanent collection on display. Pretaped segments on the photography collection, the Great Hall, and the Frederick Douglass exhibition were also included. July 22

w Public Program The Anacostia Museum invited the community toa Family Day, offering activities for all ages and a chance to see the exhibition “Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity Among Black Im- migrants in Washington, D.C.” Doll making, quilting and mask making workshops, steel drum music, and storytelling were featured.

July 23

mw Exhibition opening “Painted Prayers” at the Archur M. Sackler Gallery celebrated the devotional art of Hindu women and girls all over India through the vi- brant photographs by writer and art historian Stephen

P. Huyler. To further introduce the living tradition of

32

painted prayers to gallery visitors, women from the Washington area Indian community gave public paint- ing demonstrations within the exhibition.

July 24

B Public Program The National Portrait Gallery pre- sented “Blues Woman,” a Cultures in Motion perfor- mance of music and life stories of Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, and Billie Holiday, as interpreted by vocalist

Beverly Cosham and narrated by Jewell Robinson.

August

w Publication Institution's first century and a half, The Smzthsonian: 150

A profusely illustrated history of the

Years of Adventure, Discovery, and Wonder, written by James Conaway, was published by Smithsonian Books and Alfred A. Knopf, who will distribute the book to the retail trade.

August

w Publication Rare Books and Manuscripts in the

Smithsonian Institution Libraries, an illustrated review of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries’ most valuable collections, was published with support from The Dib- ner Fund. It is available from the Smithsonian Institu-

tion Press and in the Museum Shops. August

gw New Facility

nian Environmental Research Center boat pier allows

A new ramp adjacent to the Smithso-

easier and safer launching and retrieval of the small boats that the center uses to conduct much of its research on the Chesapeake Bay.

August

@ Promotional Initiative InfoTravel, a new interactive multimedia promotional system developed by Bell At- lantic for Washington, D.C.-area hotels, added a feature on the Smithsonian after working with the Visitor Infor-

mation and Associates’ Reception Center.

August

| Grant The Office of Telecommunications received a $200,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Arts to support its television and radio project, “A

River of Song,” which explores music along the Missis-

sippi River from Minnesota to New Orleans.

August

w Publication The National Museum of African Art and the Smithsonian Institution Press copublished the anthology African Nomadic Architecture: Space. Place. and Gender, edited by architect and architectural historian Labelle Prussin. In this handsomely illustrated book, Prussin identifies the three elements that distinguish nomadic from sedentary architecture: mobility, gender, and ritual.

August

B Renovation The Smithsonian Institution Libraries’ renovation of its rare book and special collections facil- ity, the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology, was completed, with new compact shelving to double the stack space, a redesigned staff work area, and electrical upgrades to accommodate researchers’

computing needs.

August

The Friends of the National Zoo

introduced the first week-long overnight wildlife con-

w Education Program

servation camps for children at the National Zoo's Con- servation and Research Center in Front Royal, Virginia. Campers learned basic conservation biology skills in the Blue Ridge foothills.

August

@ rs0th Anniversary The first official ad promoting the Smithsonian's Isoth anniversary celebration to tour and travel planners appeared in the Washington, D.C., Con- vention and Visitors Association Meeting Planners Guide.

August 4-5 m Presentation National Science Resources Center Executive Director Douglas Lapp presented a paper entitled “Lessons Learned in Past Efforts to Improve Science Education” at the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Center for the Advancement of Science and Mathematics Education, held at the University of Natal, South Africa. He also gave a science education workshop for 70 South African teachers.

August 8

mg Exhibition An exhibit promoting the Smithsonian as a primary tourist destination opened at Baltimore-

Washington International Airport. It was a collabora-

tive effort of the Office of the Provost, the Visitor Infor- mation and Associates’ Reception Center, the Office of Exhibits Central, and the National Museum of African Art.

August 9-20

@ Study Tour A new international study tour format, “Family Cruises,” was developed especially for families by The Smithsonian Associates. More than 140 Associ- ates and accompanying children enjoyed a voyage in the

Mediterranean.

August 10

@w Educational Publication We Were There: Letters from the Battle Front, an activity book and resource guide for sec- ondary schools that integrates historic letters into the study of American history, was published by the Na- tional Postal Museum.

August 12

w Public Program At the Anacostia Museum, young cultural critics joined in a panel discussion and film festival on hip hop, the popular yet controversial con-

temporary musical form.

August 18

B Collections Management The National Museum of Natural History began using the Transaction Manage- ment Subsystem of the planned Collections and Re- search Information System in the shipping office and several scientific departments. The new subsystem auto- mates the processing and tracking of the thousands of objects that the museum acquires, exchanges, lends, borrows, or relinquishes each year. All departments are scheduled to be using the new subsystem by the end of

1996. August 27

w Exhibition opening ‘“Goyo: Japanese Prints,” opened at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery featuring all 16 of the color woodblock prints produced by Hashiguchi Goyo (Japanese 1880-1921). The prints were the gift of H. Ed

Robison in memory of Ulrike Pietzner-Robison.

September

m Award The Office of Telecommunications’ inter- active video program Meet the Ellington Orchestra. created

33

for the Smithsonian traveling exhibition “Beyond Cate- gory: The Musical Genius of Duke Ellington,” received the New York International Multimedia Festival's Silver Award for second place among more than 200 entries.

September

w Video Release The JVC/Smuthsonian Folkways Video An- thology of Music and Dance of the Americas was produced

in collaboration with the Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies’ Smithsonian/Folkways Record- ings, JVC, and Multicultural Media. The six videotapes feature 158 examples of music and dance from many tra- ditions throughout the Americas, with accompanying

texts.

September

@ Publication Award Smithsonian Institution Univer- sity Press's publication The Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds, edited by John Hagan and David Johnston, was awarded the Wildlife Societies Publication Award for Best Edited Volume.

September

B Workshop The Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service hosted a workshop in Washington, D.C., to introduce representatives of humanities coun- cils in Arizona, California, Indiana, and Nebraska to the successful SITES-National Museum of American His- tory exhibition “Produce for Victory: Posters on the American Home Front, 1941-1945.” The exhibition, cre- ated with rural areas in mind, completed its first tour to five states through those states’ humanities councils. This partnership between SITES and state humanities councils is making the Smithsonian's offerings accessi- ble in underserved areas of the nation, one of SITES’ primary goals.

September

w Radio Series Folk Masters from the Barns of Wolf Trap. hosted by Nick Spitzer, entered its fifth broadcast sea-

son on public radio nationwide and abroad.

September

m New Construction The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center began construction of a visitor orienta- tion center that will include classrooms, a teacher resource room, and exhibit space. Public educational ac-

tivities such as the Java History Trail, Estuary Chesa-

34

peake, and the Discovery Trail will be offered from this facility.

September

w Exhibition Vietnamese Art from the United States and Vietnam”

“An Ocean Apart: Contemporary

opened at the Ellipse Arts Center in Arlington, Vir- ginia. This exhibition, organized by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, is the first major U.S. exhibition of contemporary artworks by

Vietnamese and Vietnamese American artists.

September

w Multimedia Projects Under the auspices of the Office of Telecommunications, the Smithsonian launched a re- lationship with Voyager Software to create multimedia programs, beginning with Insect World. and contracts with Macmillan Digital, a division of Simon and Schus- ter, for distribution of the 15oth anniversary America’s

Smithsonian CD-ROM.

September

w Electronic Outreach Smithsonian Online, coordi- nated by the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, hosted a real-time chat with Michael Robinson, the first in a three-month series featuring

Smithsonian experts.

September 1

@ Video Release American Archivists, the Conservation Analytical Labo-

At the annual meeting of the Society of

ratory announced the completion and availability of the videotape Rescuing Records—Recognizing Values and Prob- Jems. Intended for collection managers of paper-based research collections in museums, archives, and libraries, the video identifies problems associated with such documents and provides recommendations for their

preservation.

September 1

g New Facilities On Barro Colorado Island off the coast of Panama, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute dedicated new laboratories, living quarters for workers, housing units for scientific visitors, and a pier, completing significant improvements to the island’s living and working environment that were

begun in 1987.

September 6

gw International Meeting Meeting in Washington, Panama's President Ernesto Perez Balladares presented a letter to Secretary I. Michael Heyman and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Director Ira Rubinoff expressing his government's intention to continue supporting STRI beyond the year 2000.

September 7

w Lecture “Case Studies in Preservation and Access to Photographs at the Smithsonian Institution,” by Con- servation Analytical Laboratory postgraduate fellow Andrew Robb, concluded this year’s presentations for the Research Libraries and Archives Collections Con- servation Task Force. This three-year-old program, coordinated and organized by the CAL paper conserva- tion laboratory, combines educational presentations and demonstrations with practical assistance to Smithsonian research collections.

September 15

@ Research Grants At the National Museum of Natural History, efforts to identify and describe the world’s or- ganisms were strengthened by three grants from the Na- tional Science Foundation’s Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy program. These multiyear

grants support research projects that document poorly known groups of organisms and help train young re-

searchers to continue this important work in the future.

September 16-January 2

w Exhibition and powerful graphics made the exhibition “Luis

Oversized, colorful fiberglass sculptures

Jiménez: Man on Fire” a popular hit during its run at the National Museum of American Art. Based on an exhibition organized by the Albuquerque Museum, it emphasized the museum's strong holdings of Jiménez’ work, including Vaquero. This Mexican cowboy on a rearing horse stands on the steps of the museum and has

become its unofficial symbol.

September 16

w Benefit Event The Young Benefactors, a membership group of The Smithsonian Associates, held its sixth an- nual Blast-Off Black Tie Gala and presented the Institu- tion with a check for $100,000, representing funds

raised during fiscal year 1995.

September 17

w Performance The National Postal Museum was the setting for “Return to Sender,” a musical program of mail songs performed by Cindy Hutchins, Michael

Tilford, and Howard Breitbart of the American Song

Company. September 18

w Facility Improvement After eight and one-half months of construction on the ventilation systems in half of its laboratories, the Conservation Analytical Laboratory

reopened the labs and became fully operational.

September 19

@ Panel Discussion The Hispanic Heritage Planning Committee, in conjunction with the Wider Audience Development Program in the Office of the Provost, celebrated Hispanic Heritage Month with “Nueva Ola/New Wave: Emerging Latino Voices in US. Litera- ture.” The discussion featured writers Norma Cantu, Judith Ortiz Cofer, Gustavo Perez Firmat, and Rosario Ferre. Held at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the event received support from the Educa-

tional Outreach Fund.

September 22-25

w Film and Video Festival Seventy-five films, videos, and radio programs by Native American directors and other independent mediamakers were showcased at the Ninth Native American Film and Video Festival at the George Gustav Heye Center of the National Museum of

the American Indian.

September 24

w Exhibition opening “The Power of the Pen: Islamic Calligraphy in the i Century” at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery presented a selection from the Vever Collection of Islamic Arts of the Book, with emphasis on the use of calligraphy to transcribe verses from the

Koran.

September 25

w Educational Publication The National Postal Museum published Pen Friends, an intergenerational letter- writing guide and resource booklet for middle school

and high school students working with older adults.

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September 25

w Distinguished visitor Milo Beach, director of the Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, was host of a reception in honor of the visit of the Dalai Lama to the Freer. His holiness toured the Buddhist galleries and addressed guests about the importance of preserving the cultural heritage of Tibet.

September 26

B® Publication “Take Metrorail to the Smithsonian Mu- seums,” a pamphlet designed by the Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center, was updated and re- printed by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority to promote the use of public transportation

to reach Smithsonian museums.

September 26-27

w Meeting The 15-member National Postal Museum Advisory Commission held its fourth annual meeting. The commission includes corporate executives, scholars, educators, government officials, and representatives of the business mailing community.

September 26

w New Advisory Committee The new external advisory committee for the Conservation Analytical Laboratory vis- ited CAL for a program review. Committee members heard program and management presentations, inspected

the facilities, and met with staff and outside collaborators.

36

September 27

@ Lecture Sir David Attenborough addressed members of The Smithsonian Associates with a slide-illustrated lecture, giving a lively account of how plants work as living organisms. He also described his travels to re- mote parts of the world in search of rare, spectacular

flowers.

September 28

@ Film Series Dennis Potter's Midnight Movie launched the free film series for 1995-96 at the Hirsh- horn Museum and Sculpture Garden. In the previous year, more than 22,000 people attended these free programs, which feature cutting-edge international independent cinema, documentaries on contemporary artists, and family-oriented animation.

September 30

w Public Program rotunda of the National Museum of Natural History

Visitors of all ages gathered in the

for BugFest ‘95. Staff members from the Department of Entomology and Office of Education displayed specimens and answered questions about katydids, flies, ants, bees, wasps, beetles, moths, butterflies, spiders, and many other kinds of insects. Visitors could also sample insect-based foods, try their hand at drawing insects, or watch a tarantula feeding at the museum's O. Orkin Insect Zoo. Many materials dis- tributed at the event were available in both Spanish and English.

Reports of the Bureaus and Offices of

the Smithsonian Institution for Fiscal Year 1995

The Provost Office of the Provost

Robert S. Hoffmann, Acting Provost

On October 31, 1994, Secretary Heyman combined the offices of three assistant secretaries to establish the Office of the Pro- vost and appointed former Assistant Secretary for the Sciences Robert Hoffmann as acting provost. The creation of this office marked a major step in the strategic planning of a more effi- cient and effective Institution. The Office of the Provost plans, coordinates, facilitates, and evaluates the Institution's activities in research, collections management, exhibitions, ed- ucation, and cultural programs.

During the year, the Office of the Provost initiated activi- ties to commemorate the Smithsonian's 150th anniversary year. Major programs include a lecture series to accompany the traveling exhibition, “America’s Smithsonian”; “The Un- seen Smithsonian,” a photographic exhibition illustrating the diversity and breadth of research interests pursued by Smithsonian scholars; an endowed chair in museum studies at George Washington University; lectures and panel discus- sions at scholarly and professional organization meetings across the United States; and behind-the-scene tours of pro- gram units that help staff and volunteers appreciate and un- derstand institutional activities.

The 25-member Smithsonian Council assessed the Smithsonian's anthropological and cultural studies pro- grams, as well as programs of the Smithsonian's conserva- tion biology community and the Conservation Training

Council. 2

Through James Smithson Trust funds—the Research Opportunities Fund, Restricted Endowment Funds, Scholarly Studies Program, Special Exhibition Fund, Collections-Based Research Fund, and Educational Outreach Fund—the office distributed awards to museums, research institutes, labora- tories, and other offices. The awards support innovative scien- ufic endeavors; exhibitions that broaden public understanding of Smithsonian collections; and education, cul- tural interpretation, and audience development programs.

The office initiated Institution-wide discussions and work- shops focusing on recent exhibitions and research that re- sulted in new guidelines and improved procedures for exhibition planning.

The Council of Museum Education Directors organized a Smithsonian-wide conference that reviewed national educa- tion reform goals and guidelines and presented local, national, and Smithsonian examples of the museum community's in- volvement in education reform.

Smithsonian scholars from the sciences and the humaniues gathered at a conference focusing on the history and contribu- tions of Smithsonian researchers. “What about Increase? The First Science and Humanities Dialogue” fostered a spirit of community, shared goals, and cooperative endeavor.

The office continued support for the Material Culture Forum and the History Roundtable, which hold regular dis- cussions on topics that cross disciplines, thereby encouraging communication and collegial work among research staff.

The Wider Audience Development Program coordinated nearly 30 lectures, films, performances, and other educational programs to explore different facets of America’s multicultu- ral heritage.

The office supported several Smithsonian units in organiz- ing programs for Asian and Asian American communiues.

The Accessibility Lecture Series offered 10 programs to staff from the Smithsonian and from cultural organizations in the Washington, D.C., area on topics such as universal design and audio description for performances.

“Ocean Planet,” a traveling exhibition on ocean conserva- tion organized by the Environmental Awareness Program, opened at the National Museum of Natural History.

Sciences

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Lambertus van Zelst, Director

Several events early in the year had major effects on CAL's pro- grams and activities during this past year. First, the year started with the implementation of the new management structure, which is matrix oriented rather than based on the traditional disciplinary departments. In the new structure, ac-

37

tivities take place in three program areas, research and devel- opment, education and training, and support and collabora- tion, each with a Program Coordinator overseeing and coordinating the work in their specific area. Staff, however, can and often does participate in several projects at a time, which can fall into more than one of these program areas; for each project the corresponding coordinator oversees the work done on 1t.

The second event, which resulted in a major challenge to CAL staff, was the year long construction project at MSC to retrofit the ventilation system. In contrast to earlier planning, this project resulted in a major disruption, since half of the CAL facilities were closed down between January and August. Thanks to the gratefully acknowledged help from the Na- tional Museum of Natural History, temporary spaces could be identified within MSC to keep most of the programs going. However, the education program especially was seriously dis- rupted, and some major equipment, that could not be moved to temporary quarters, was shut down for several months. That the overall work progressed quite satisfactorily 1s testi- mony to the outstanding efforts made by the CAL staff to overcome these difficulties.

In the research program on mechanical properties of materi- als, a major milestone has been passed. The quantitative rela- tionships between mechanical properties and environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity) have been worked out for a large number of material types and this, in turn has enabled the researchers to formulate safe ranges for these environmental conditions inside which fluctuations pose no danger to the objects in storage or on display. The possible variations from the general set points of 50% RH and 68 de- gree F. are indeed much larger than has generally been as- sumed in the conservation literature; as a result substantial savings in energy costs may be realized in operating the cli- mate control systems in museums. A number of special sym- posiums has already been organized at various locations to disseminate these results to the museum community. Several museums nationwide that were planning new construction and/or climate control systems have asked for detailed infor- mation to include these data in their planning. At the Smithsonian, this work may lead to significant savings in the control system acquisition and operation at the planned Dul- les Airport facility of NASM. Moreover, in order to assess the possibility of savings in other facilities, che main investigators have been assigned on a special detail to a planning group at ODC charged with the drafting of Institutional guidelines for environmental control standards.

The program of research into the preservation of photo- graphic materials successfully developed a packing technique which provides sufficient humidity control allows inside the package to allow the use of commercially available freezer technology for the long term storage of photographic materi- als. The advantage of freezer storage are in lower temperature, hence longer life expectancy, and in greater energy efficiency.

Moreover, using commercial technology makes the equipment

38

scalable to the size of the collection, from a household size freezer, through supermarket freezers, to walk-in freezer vaults. This will make cold storage a feasible and affordable preservation strategy for small and large collections alike. At CAL, a pilot demonstration project has been started.

In the modern materials preservation research, attention centered on the preservation of magnetic storage media, espe- cially videotape. Ic appears that the determining factor in the loss of use of the information is the chemical breakdown of the adhesive binder holding the magnetic particles. Hence, the research focussed on the development of a technique to as- sess, non destructively, the degree to which this chemical dete- rioration process is progressing, in order to make informed decisions as to when to copy the information. Based on prelim- inary results, the use of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra red spectrometry appears to holds good prom- ise, and this work will be continued. Research on the chemi- cal ageing of paper under natural and accelerated conditions, and the relationship between chemical and physical deteriora- tion, progressed on schedule; since under not overly exagger- ated conditions these processes are rather slow this is a mulu year project.

The conservation of the neolithic plaster statues from Ain- Ghazal, Jordan, entered its final phase, the reassembly and re- construction. An agreement has been reached with the Sackler Gallery and the Jordanian government, for a temporary ex- hibit at the Sackler gallery of these unique objects after the completion of their conservation, in late 1996.

Work on the trace element characterization of archaeologi- cal ceramics was seriously hampered by a prolonged shutdown of the nuclear reactor at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), where CAL operates a facility for neu- tron activation analysis. This provided one more argument for the need to develop alternative trace element analysis facili- ties, and a request has been submitted for the FY96 research equipment pool for funding to acquire a inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy instrument, later to be augmented by ICP mass spectrometry. On the other hand, good progress was made in the stable lead isotope ratio charac- terization of archaeological metal sources. Collaborative work on the early bronze age “Great Orme” tin mine in the UK was brought to conclusion, and the project on Nigerian (Benin and Ife and Igbo-Ukwu) bronzes produced a first series of promising data.

In the biogeochemistry program, work continued on the de- velopment of molecular dissection techniques for light ele- ment (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) isotopes, and, in collaboration with the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution, on the comparison of isotopic compositions of pro- teins from fossil, Cambrian and contemporary, Hawaiian shells of the brachiopod Lingu/a. In collaboration with the an- thropology department of NMNH, and with funding from the James Smithson society, a vacuum line sample preparation facility for light element mass spectrometry (and accelerator

mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating) was constructed at

MSC. Work also continued on the assessment of preservation, and recovery, of DNA and other biomolecules from the fossil record. A mechanism by which DNA is stabilized in the fossil record through cross-linking to collagen was identified.

Although the earlier mentioned construction work greatly impeded the organization of courses, the Furniture Conserva- tion Training Program was still able to conduct the last four courses for the class of 1996; the students in that class will spend FY96, their last year in the program, in internships. Other educational activities proceeded successfully. Two stu- dents worked, as interns in the archaeological conservation training program, at sites in Pakistan (Harappa) and Hondu- ras (Copan). At the latter site, Harvard University established this year an archaeological field school and collaboration with the latter program enabled CAL to expand its activities to teaching of conservation principles to archaeologists in that school. Again, local archaeologists and museum professionals at both sites benefitted from the CAL presence through for- mal and informal instruction. The Research Library and Ar- chives Conservation Training (RELACT) program continued its educational activities for managers and users of paper based research collections in the Smithsonian museums and re- search institutions. Four research collections received practical preservation assistance within the context of this program, while professionals who have received instruction were again provided with access to the CAL based resource center.

CAL proceeded with the production of instructional video- tapes: in addition to the first one on Furniture Care and Mainte- nance, a second one on Rescuing Records—Recognizing Values and Problems, intended for an audience of managers of paper based research collections in museums, libraries and archives, was produced. Both videotapes will be available shortly, after the ac- companying documentation has been prepared.

Preparations with the faculty of the local Suitland High School, for a collaborative program aimed at the development and testing of high school curriculum enrichment materials, led to the formulation of a pilot program which saw its in- ception shortly before the end of the reporting period. During the first semester of the academic year 1995-96, a class of stu- dents will receive instruction at the laboratory on the proper- ties of materials in art. This instruction will also be integrated in other courses taught at the school by the faculty. This proj- ect is considered a first step in a long-term program of educa- tional outreach on the secondary education level.

With an increased emphasis on production of special CAL publications, an in-house desk-top publishing facility was in- stalled. Its first production was a newly designed Annual Re- port for FY94. Another major addition to the Support and Collaboration group was the image storage and analysis equip- ment for microscopical images; in combination with the new optical research microscope, and able to receive images from the electron microscope, this addition has brought CAL to house a state-of-the-art microscopy facility, which will greatly help the laboratory to reach its stated goal of establishing a

center of excellence in research microscopy.

Close before the end of the year, the newly established ex- ternal Advisory Board paid a two day review visit to CAL. Pre- pared with advance documentation, the Committee heard presentations by CAL management and by leaders of various programs and projects, met with the Provost and Assistant Provost for the Sciences, inspected the laboratory facilities, had individual meetings with all staff members, and met over lunch with a group of external collaborators. While the Com- mittee had nor yet submitted its report at the time of this writing, preliminary reactions were highly favorable and

encouraging.

National Museum of Natural History

Dr. Donald J. Ortner, Acting Director

In keeping with its mission—to understand the natural world and the place of humans in it—the National Museum of Nat- ural History continued its tradition of excellence in scientific research, public outreach, and collections acquisition and man- agement in 1995. As one of the world’s largest research muse- ums, NMNH maintains more than 120 million cultural artifacts and specimens of plants, animals, fossils, rocks, and minerals. Through its educational programs, scholarly and popular publications, and numerous public exhibits—which ona yearly basis attract more than 6 million visitors— NMNH is at the forefront of natural history museums world- wide in disseminating knowledge about the natural and cultural diversity of the Earth.

What follows are highlights from each of the Museum's

many areas of accomplishment and expertise.

General Information

The Research Initiatives Program completed a successful first year with a cotal of $325,100 awarded competitively to 27 pro- posals involving 35 NMNH Principle Investigators (26 cura- tors and 9 support staff). The awards helped to foster exciting research and collections work within the Museum, as well as supporting new directions in research..

In 1995, NMNH staff obtained substantial outside research and collections grants totaling over $6 million. For example, Dr. Brian Kensley of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology (IZ) spearheaded an agreement between the National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution concerning the Biological Collections from Polar Regions. This agreement, worth $1,250,000, is to be awarded over the span of 5 years and designates Invertebrate Zoology as a “Center for Excel- lence in Antarctic Research.”

Two new scientists have been added to the Museum staff this year and will be joining the Department of Entomology. They are: Dr. Ted Schultz, a specialist in the systematics and

ecology of ants, and Dr. Daniel Polhemus, an expert in flies,

39

with additional interest in the conservation and biota of Ha- wail. These researchers have filled positions vacated through retirements and will strengthen scientific and public pro- grams in both the Department and the Museum.

On October 14, 1994, Museum board member Gilbert S. Kahn announced a gift of $2 million from his mother, Janet Annenberg Hooker, to the Campaign for the Hall of Geology, Gems and Minerals. The donation also included a four-piece jewelry suite of rare fancy yellow diamonds. Mrs. Hooker had contributed $3 million to the campaign in 1992, and the new hall will be named in her honor when it opens in 1996.

The Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port in eastern Florida this year benefited from two generous supporters. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation agreed to a discounted sale of eight acres of land in Fort Pierce, Florida, which will provide a permanent site for the facility. In addi- tion, the station received a 1995 Ford Explorer from Ford Motor Company, a sponsor of the Museum's “Ocean Planet” exhibition.

The Museum expanded its outreach significantly this year via the information superhighway. Online services now avail- able include an NMNH “home page” on the World Wide Web, an electronic version of the “Ocean Planet” exhibition, scientific and general-interest publications, collection informa- tion, specialized bibliographies, comprehensive species list for some groups of organisms, and discussion centers that link re- searchers around the world.

The Fall meeting of the NMNH Board took place in An- chorage, Alaska, in early September. This venue was chosen to provide Board members a first-hand look at the NMNH Arc- tic Studies Center.

Department of Anthropology

The Asian Cultural History Program celebrated its roth anni- versary (1985-95) with several publications and new projects, including Chung-su Houchins’ monograph, “Artifacts of Di- plomacy: Smithsonian Collections from Commodore Matthew Perry's Japan Expedition (1853-1854),” (Smithsonian Contribu- tions to Anthropology, volume 37), and Dr. Paul Michael Taylor's edited volume, “Fragile Traditions: Indonesian Art in Jeopardy,” (Honolulu: The University of Hawaii Press, 1994).

Under the leadership of Dr. William Fitzhugh, The Arctic Studies Center was particularly active in outreach activities in 1995. The exhibition “Crossroads: Alaska” toured 15 small vil- lages throughout Alaska this past year. The objects from na- tive cultures of the Bering Straits region have special meaning for many of those who live in rural Alaska. The materials were made all the more accessible by means of the accompany- ing library of videos, educational materials, and related out- reach programs.

After two years of planning, Dr. Dennis Stanford began ex- cavations and archival research in the Toluca Valley of central Mexico. This project, designed to study the processes of human-induced landscape change, found evidence of massive

erosion and deforestation coinciding with the Spanish con-

40

quest of the Aztec empire almost 500 years ago. As a result of this discovery, new research collaborations were established with the Mexican National Institute for Anthropology and History, the National Autonomous University in Mexico City, Mexico's National Museum of Anthropology, and the govern- ment of the State of Mexico.

Drs. Douglas Owsley and Douglas Ubelaker collaborated in the development of “Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains,” the published proceedings of a seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History. Drs. Owsley and Ubelaker were also instrumental in providing anthropo- logical contributions to the investigation of the events at the Branch Davidian Compound near Waco, Texas, in early 1993, and, as a result of these investigations, published a paper de- scribing the role of forensic anthropology in the recovery and identification of the Compound victims.

During Fiscal Year 1995, the Department of Anthropology’s Collections staff—working in conjunction with the Museum's MOVE staff—cleaned, rehoused, packed, bar coded and relo- cated approximately 56,000 catalogue records, equivalent to more than 100,000 objects, to the Smithsonian's Museum Sup- port Center in Suitland, Maryland. These objects are represen- tative of cultures throughout the world. In addition, the Department captured digitized images of its catalogue records for the ethnology, archaeology, and physical anthropology col- lections. This documentation system, which will be made available on CD ROM, will facilitate collections access and re- search for both scholars and the general public.

Department of Botany

Drs. Warren Wagner and Vicki Funk, Department of Botany, were the editors of a book, “Hawaiian Biogeography: Evolu- tion on a Hot Spot Archipelago” (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 1995). This volume represents the first detailed biogeographic study of Hawaiian organisms and brings together the work of a majority of the contemporary bi- ological researchers on the terrestrial Hawaiian biota. In col- lecting and synthesizing the available data, the publication offers not only a new understanding of the biogeography of the archipelago, but is certain to kindle new ideas concerning evolution on islands.

As published in “Science, ” Drs. Mark and Diane Littler, Department of Botany, discovered a new bacterial pathogen of calcareous coralline algae that occurs in South Pacific reefs and spans a geographic range of at least 6,000 kilometers. Because of the important role played by coralline algae in reef build- ing, this pathogen has the potential to greatly influence coral reef ecology and related processes.

On June 9, 1995, “Science” magazine featured an article en- titled “Multiple Origins of the Lichen Symbioses in Fungi Suggested by SSU rDNA Phylogeny” (“Science” 268: 1492- 1495, 1995). The article was co-authored by Drs. Andrea Gar- gas and Paula DePriest, members of the Deparcment of Botany, NMNH, in collaboration with Martin Grube and An- ders Tehler. The piece provided a phylogenetic placement

based on molecular data for a diversity of lichen-forming fungi that demonstrated at least five independent origins of this type of symbiotic association. The research , which was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Botany with assistance from the Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, was funded by Research Initiative Awards, a Scholarly Studies Grant, and departmental funds.

Additionally, Dr. DePriest was the 1994 winner of the Tuckerman award for the best lichen paper in Volume 97 of “The Bryologist.” The paper, “Variation in the Cladomia chlorphaea Complex II: Ribosomal DNA Variation in a South- ern Appalachian Population,” described extensive genetic vari- ation within an interbreeding population of pixie cup lichens.

Department of Botany curator Dr. Pedro Acevedo’s manu- script, “Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands,” has been ac- cepted for publication by the New York Botanical Garden. The work treats the 747 native and naturalized species of vas- cular plants occurring on St. John, the strategic geographical position of which will ensure the volume’s value as a tool for students of the Caribbean flora in general.

Department of Entomology

The Department of Entomology received the donation of the Kawabe Lepidoptera collection, totaling approximately 50,000 specimens. This collection contains the finest represen- tation of Asiatic moths of the superfamily Totricoidea ever as- sembled. Included in this group of moths are several of the most serious pests of fruit and forest trees known.

Butterfly curator Dr. Robert K. Robbins published an arti- cle with Paul A. Oppler (National Biological Survey) in a new book (“Biodiversity II”) that for the first time documents but- terfly diversity in each state and in each of the world’s major biogeographic realms. The authors show that butterflies dis- play a greater proportion of their diversity in the tropics than either birds or mammals. This result further emphasizes the importance of conserving tropical ecosystems, particularly if the diversity of other terrestrial arthopods mirrors that of butterflies.

The Department of Entomology prototype GOPHER went on-line in October 1994. It contains information about staff, resources available to visitors, newsletters maintained by staff members and information about the collections. It also con- tains information abour, and from, various associated organiza- tions located at the National Museum of Natural History, including the USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, the Walter Reed Biosystematic Unit, and the Maryland Center for Systematic Entomology at the University of Maryland. The Department's World List of Systematic Entomologists 1s particularly popular and its lists of type holdings are currently being expanded.

The Department of Entomology was one of two depart- ments that participated in the testing of the CRIS Transaction Management computer system. The CRIS system facilitates our management of loans and exchanges. The state-of-the-art

system will provide network access to individual curators and

technicians as well as a crucial link to the NMNH Registrar's

Office.

Department of Invertebrate Zoology

Department of Invertebrate Zoology curator Dr. Steven Cairns published “The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia,” (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). The volume is a major contribution to the knowledge of the world’s deep sea corals .

The proceedings of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference, held in Washington, D.C. in 1988, were edited by Dr. Clyde Roper, Dr. Mike Vecchione, and Michael Sweeney and are in press with Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology . Five papers in the volume are authored by Depart- ment of Invertebrate Zoology staff.

Dr. Robert Hershler was elected President of the American Malacological Society for 1998, at the annual meeting in Hilo, Hawaii, in June 1995.

The World List of marine and aquatic isopods, comprising about 5,000 species and prepared by Dr. Brian Kensley and Marilyn Schotte, was placed on the SI Gopher server, along with an authority file bibliography. The list, which provides original author, type locality, and some indication of depth of capture, will be invaluable to isopod systematists.

Dr. Klaus Ruetzler and Kate Smith completed develop- ment of a multimedia taxonomic key and database for Carib- bean mangrove sponges supported by an award from the Smithson Society. The first results of this pilot study were pre- sented and discussed with other experts at the Xth Interna- tional Sponge Taxonomy Workshop - Biodiversity Database and Identification Systems - in Brussels in April 1995.

Department of Mineral Sciences

Drs. Tom Simkin (Department of Mineral Sciences) and Lee Siebert published “Volcanoes of the World: A Regional Direc- tory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years,” (Geoscience Press, Tucson). This book is a com- pilation of all known worldwide volcanic activity for the past 10,000 years, with statistics and diagrams showing frequen- cies and patterns of eruptions.

Department of Mineral Sciences curator Dr. Glenn Mac- Pherson and colleagues published an invited paper on the evi- dence for the presence of the radioactive isotope of aluminum in the solar system at the time of the latter’s formation. The isotope has a very short half life, 700,000 years, and may have been one of rhe major sources of the heat that caused whole- sale melting of planets to form cores early in their existence.

Department staff completed a major project in collabora- tion with the staff of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to evaluate several new methods of identification, characteriza- tion, and tracing of soil samples taken from crime scenes.

In September 1995, the Department hosted an international conference, the Meteoritical Society Annual Meeting, at the Ripley Center. Over 200 talks and poster presentations cov-

ered all aspects of research on the solar system: its formation

41

and evolution, and its component planets, asteroids,

meteorids, and comets.

Department of Paleobiology

This year, research scientists in the Department of Paleo- biology published important papers, arising from several on- going research programs. Most notable among these are three publications based on Dr. Alan Cheetham’s long-term study, in conjunction with his colleagues Dr. Jeremy Jackson (STRI) and Dr. Lee-Ann Hayek (NMNH), of the evolutionary dynam- ics of bryozoans, a group of marine invertebrates. Their work provides the most compelling evidence gathered to date in support of the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution, which argues that speciation takes place in short bursts, fol- lowed by long intervals of stasis, rather than as a long series of small changes. These papers were published in “Evolution” (49:290-296); “Environmental and Biological Change in Tropi- cal America” (University of Chicago Press, 1995); and “New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record” (Columbia University Press, 1995).

Dr. Richard Benson and his colleagues, published a paper that extends the use of time resolution into the past using sedimen- tary patterns created by the Earth’s natural rhythms. This paper 1s part of an ongoing study of the geological history of the Mediter- ranean region. (“Paleoceanography” 10:5-20).

The illustrated “Fossils of the Burgess Shale,” (Smithsonian Press, 1995) was released. This book is the result of collabora- tive work among Drs. D.E. Briggs, F. Collier, and Douglas Erwin (NMNH). This volume brings the history and current knowledge of the Burgess Shale to the scientific community and the layman. The Burgess Shale remains among the most important collections at the National Museum of Natural His- tory. It was collected by then Secretary Charles D. Walcott in the early 1900s. The collection has been pivotal in our under- standing of the diversification of animal life and the develop- ment of evolutionary theory.

The Department of Paleobiology has made progress in the conservation of the vertebrate paleontology collections. Many specimens of Cenozoic mammals have been repaired and fitted with special jackets that offer both increased protection and accessibility cto scientists interested in their study. Major re- organization of collections has also been initiated. Large num- bers of specimens have been moved to new cases at the Museum Support Center, and collections have been reorgan-

ized in virtually all areas of the Department's holdings.

Department of Vertebrate Zoology

The Department of Vertebrate Zoology’s Dr. Lynne Parenti was invited to attend the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Work- shop on “Conservation, Sustainable Use and Management of Wild Animals” and presented lectures on systematics relating to biodiversity. Dr. Parenti helped to establish ties with Chi- nese colleagues and to assure continued cooperation and ex-

change of scientists, books, and specimens.

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Twenty years of effort, including the detailed examination of over 9,000 specimens and the recording and analysis of an enormous amount of data, resulted in the 1995 publication by Drs. Victor G. Springer and Jeffrey T. Williams of “The Indo- West Pacific Blenniid Fish Genus Istiblennius Reappraised: A Revision of Istzblennius. Blenniella, and Paralticus. New Genus,” (Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Volume 565). This illustrated paper offers a systematic revision of three Indo- Pacific genera of common marine fishes, and describes a new genus and two new species.

In 1995 the Department of Vertebrate Zoology entered the “information highways” with the development of a World Wide Web page on Internet (Fishes). Mammal collection data were made available over Internet via the Natural History Go- pher Server. This file encompasses information consolidated from over 477,000 specimen records into over 17,000 taxo- nomic-geographic records.

The new Osteo-Prep/Marine Mammal Necropsy Labora- tory is virtually complete. The Lab is situated in Suitland, Maryland, adjacent to the Museum Support Center, and takes the place of the old East Court Laboratory. Like its predecessor, the new Marine Mammal Lab will allow mam- malogists to examine the remains of dolphins, porpoises, and whales that have beached themselves or drowned in fishing nets. The Osteo-Prep facilities will make possible the preparation of skeletal remains for addition to the Museum’s research collections. To inaugurate the site, Museum researchers hosted a workshop for some 20 por-

poise researchers.

Laboratory of Molecular Systematics

Dr. Elizabeth A. Zimmer, Laboratory of Molecular System- atics Botanist, continued her National Science Foundation Visiting Professorship for Women at the California Insti- tute for Technology. While there she gained training in molecular developmental microscopy techniques applica- ble to systematics. Dr. Zimmer was named a Research Fellow at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden in Claremont, California, where she organized their annual symposium on the topic of “The New Morphology: Integrative Approaches to Plant Systematics.”

*Laboratory of Molecular Systematics investigators Dr. Paul Lewis and Dr. David Swofford have recently discov- ered a very general way to estimate genetic distances. This year, they presented their newly devised method, which vastly expands the number of possible models that can be applied in arriving at estimates, at the joint meetings of the Society for the Study of Evolution and the Society of Systematic Biologists.

The Laboratory of Molecular Systematics renovated 1,700 square feet of laboratory space at the Museum Support Center in Suitland, Maryland, to house frozen tissue collections. The space will also be used as a facility for recovering ancient

DNA from Museum specimens.

Office of Biodiversity Programs

December 1994 saw the publication of “The National Biodiversity Information Center: A Consensus Paper Prepared by the National Biodiversity Information Center Advisory Planning Board.”

A major symposium, “Measuring and Monitoring Forest Biodiversity: The International Network of Biodiversity Plots” was held at the Smithsonian in May 1995.

In 1995, a number of courses were organized by the Office of Biodiversity Programs, among these “Ecology of Amazon- ian Rain Forests;” “Museum Techniques in Botany;” and a workshop devoted to an initial survey of Pelican Cays in Belize.

The Office began the establishment of surveys and inven- tory programs in Burma, China, and Cuba.

Dr. George Zug from the Division of Reptiles and Amphib- ians, with a colleague, Dr. Robert Reynolds, NBS, taught at the Department of the Interior Wildlife Inspector Basic Train- ing Program for newly appointed Wildlife Inspectors with the Division of Law Enforcement.

Museum Exhibits in 1995

Special exhibits were a highlight of 1995 at the Museum. “Spi- ders!” completed it successful debut at the Museum in Janu- ary and began a North American tour that will continue untl 1998. In April, “Ocean Planet” opened with the generous sup- port of Times Mirror Magazines, the National Science Founda- tion, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Ford Motor Co, and Motorola. A new permanent exhibition, “Exploring Marine Ecosystems,” opened in May, followed by the traveling show “Royal Tombs of Sipan” in June. Later in the year, the Museum's first outdoor exhibition—a butterfly garden began attracting butterflies.

“Ocean Planet’"—This exhibition, organized by the SI Of- fice of Environmental Awareness, opened to the public on April 22nd and continued through January 1, 1996. At that time it began national circulation by the Smithsonian Institu- tion Traveling Exhibition Service. The exhibition was pro- duced with the intention of promoting celebration, understanding, and conservation of the world’s oceans. In as- sociation with the show, Times Mirror Magazines, Inc., devel- oped a CD-ROM titled “Ocean Planet Explorer” for children. The Discovery Channel also produced a CD-ROM for general audiences.

Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration helped develop an on-line version of the exhibition, which became available in May over the Internet. Because of these and other partnerships, “Ocean Planet” is considered the most widely distributed exhibition and education effort cre- ated by the Smithsonian to date.

“Exploring Marine Ecosystems’—Upon its opening on May 19th, “Exploring Marine Ecosystems,” a completely reno- vated exhibition, will introduce visitors of all ages to the com-

plexity and importance of natural ecosystems. The exhibition

features living models of two of the many ecosystems con- tained within the Earth's oceans: a tropical coral reef and a temperate rocky shore. A life-sized blue whale in her entirety is also on display as a permanent feature.

“The Royal Tombs of Sipan"—This special exhibition was organized by the Fowler Museum of Cultural History at the University of California at Los Angeles and Bruning Archaeological Museum under the auspices of the National Institute of Culture, Peru. It opened to the pub- lic on June 2, revealing the riches excavated from the 1,700- year old burials in a Moche pyramid in Peru. Displaying more than 100 artifacts in gold, silver, and other precious materials, the exhibition introduced visitors to the Moche’'s remarkable jewelry, weaponry, regalia, and sacred ceremo- nies. The exhibition closed September 4, 1995 and returned to Peru.

Smithsonian Butterfly Garden—The Museum's first out- door exhibition is located on the Ninth Street side of the Nat- ural History Building. Four distinct habitats—wetland, meadow, woods’ edge, and urban garden—encourage visitors to observe the partnerships between plants and butterflies. The garden is a joint venture of the Horticulture Services Di- vision and the Museum, with parcial funding from the Smithsonian Women’s Committee. The garden, on view at all times, serves as a valuable complement to the O. Orkin Insect Zoo on the second floor of the Museum.

“Seminole Interpretations” is an expanded exhibit on the Seminole Tribe of Florida on view in the Native American halls. Additions to the previously existing display include a two-sided kiosk presenting Seminole culture in the 1990s. The Museum also collaborated with the Seminole’s Ah-Tha- Thi-Ki Museum in Florida to develop an interactive com- puter program from which visitors can learn about facets of

tribal life such as crafts, language and architecture.

Education, Public Programs, and Outreach

The National Museum of Natural History, in association with the National Zoological Park, NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center, and Mississippi State University have agreed to work together to create a multimedia information system to give teachers and students greater access to the vast scientific edu- cational resources of the Smithsonian and the NMNH in par- ticular. The initiative will focus on teaching, research, and technology, with an emphasis on inquiry-based classroom re- search and interactive multimedia designed in accordance with the ongoing research within the participating organiza- tions. Referred to as the “Natural Partners Program,” this project expects to encourage, as one of its many goals, respon- sible decision-making about the conservation and the use of fi- nite natural resources, while presenting NMNH scientists and their research in relevant ways to encourage students to become future scientists.

The Museum's premier program for national and inter- national undergraduates, the Research Training Program

(RTP), had another successful year. Since its inception in

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1980, RTP has developed into a highly competitive program, awarding stipends to approximately 25 of 500 applicants each summer. Funding for the program has come from the Smithsonian Institution and from various external sources, including the National Science Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts. In 1995, Motorola, a supporter of the Museum's “Ocean Planet” exhibition, donated funds to support an intern in 1995 and 1996. One of the recipients, Glenn Almany, a student of marine biology at San Fran- cisco State University, began work this year with Drs. G. David Johnson and Carole Baldwin, Department of Verte- brate Zoology.

The Museum's Naturalist Center closed temporarily on April 2, 1995, while NMNH undergoes extensive renovation. In cooperation with Loudoun County, Vir- ginia, the Center reopened in September on the campus of the Xerox Document University near Leesburg.

The Naturalist Center will return to the Museum in 1998. Magda Schremp, Head of the Docent Program at NMNH,, was successfully involved in recruiting docents for the relocated Center. Due to excellent press in the Loudoun Country newspapers, a number of very qualified volunteers will work with county teachers and museum staff.

NMNH Docent Anne Marie LaPorte gave a highlight tour of the Museum for the creative staff of Lancit Media, who are working to develop a weekly Smithsonian TV program for children between 8-12 years of age.

The Museum’s Fossil Preparation Laboratory reopened dur- ing the summer and is once again staffed with preparators. Visitors to the Laboratory can see how remains of dinosaurs and other ancient creatures are extracted from surrounding rock and preserved for study and display.

“Bug Fest 1995,” a day-long Museum presentation dedicated solely to insects, was held in late September. Various display tables were set up throughout the build- ing, including: insects as food, insect identification tables, collecting and preserving tables, canopy collecting, scientific illustration demonstrations, and fossil insects. Curators, technicians, illustrators, and educators from the Museum, the Department of Agriculture, and the Depart- ment of the Army shared their knowledge of arthropods with hundreds of visitors of all ages.

NMNH Department of Education staff participated in the Ocean Planet Teacher's Night at the Museum, an event organ- ized by the SI's Office of Environmental Awareness. Approxi- mately 150 teachers participated.

In April, the Museum hosted its first Open House “Expedition” for members of Congress and the Admin- istration and their families. This successful event was organized by the NMNH's Office of Development and Public Affairs with the cooperation of its Senate of Scientist. A major objective was to make a direct link between the research staff ac the Museum and the con-

gressional community.

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National Zoological Park

Michael H. Robinson, Director

The National Zoological Park (NZP) continues its transforma- tion into a biological park that emphasizes the diversity and interdependence of plants and animals. New exhibits on its 163-acre Rock Creek facility in Washington, D.C., such as Amazonia, Invertebrate Exhibit, Wetlands, and Cheetah Con- servation Station, do away with the unnatural separation of plants and animals that characterize most zoos. These exhibits broaden appreciation for the ecological relationships among living organisms.

Scientific studies conducted at Rock Creek, the 3,1s0-acre Conservation & Research Center in Front Royal, Virginia, and at various locations nationally and overseas, furthered both the NZP’s effort to advance the understanding of biological and veterinary science and its effort to preserve disappearing spe- cies and habitats worldwide.

Jomu, a history-making cheetah, became a part of the Na- tonal Zoo's Cheetah Conservation Station. The twenty-one month old female was one of the world’s first cheetahs pro- duced by artificial insemination. Jomu was a product of new research in assisted reproduction of endangered cats conducted at the Caldwell Zoo in Tyler, Texas, by staff from the NZP’s New Opportunities in Animal Health Sciences (NOAHS) Center.

Griff, The National Zoo's 13-year-old Masai giraffe, gave birth to a 114 pound female calf on June 5, 1995. The 510" call calf was Griff’s fourth and 16-year old Lionel’s ninth. The baby giraffe dropped to the ground at 2:26 p.m., amid cheers from onlookers. The newborn stood and took its first stum- bling steps in just 28 minutes. Masai giraffes, although not en- dangered, are not common in North American zoos.

Kumari, the National Zoo's female elephant calf, collapsed and died on April 26, 1995. She was 16 months old. Kumari was the first elephant born at the Zoo. She died of a type of herpes virus that is not found in humans. The Zoo's pathology department has launched a full scale investigation into the ori- gin and prevalence of this pathogen. The pathologists are studying the possible negative impact of this virus on the breeding of elephants in zoos. Efforts to increase zoo elephant populations are critical since their numbers in the wild are declining.

The Department of Zoological Research established a BioVisualization Laboratory. Orchestrated by Dr. Alfred Rosenberger, this state-of-the art computerized system incor- porates digitized 3-D imaging and animation. These tools will allow biological and cultural artifacts, such as animal skulls, to be rendered as three dimensional digital specimens. Objects available in a digital catalog can be studied in virtual reality. The accuracy is so great that scientific research will be conducted on the images, which are digitized using a laser

beam input device.

The Office of Public Affairs organized “Forever Changed: Birds on the Hawaiian Islands”—an all-Smithsonian sympo- sium that featured scientists Helen James and Storrs Olson from the National Museum of Natural History and Rob Fleischer and Scott Derrickson from the NZP. These four dis- cussed the history and conservation status of Hawaii's remark- able bird radiation and the discovery of recently extinct birds that provided DNA samples for analyses that forced scientists to rethink evolutionary relationships between Hawaiian avi- fauna.

The Friends of the National Zoo (FONZ) began FY '95 by initiating its first annual ZooArts Festival featuring a number of prominent Washington area arusts and photographers as well as the works of local high school students and commu- nity groups. In the spring of ‘95, FONZ constructed and opened a modern gift and food service facility at Panda Plaza and celebrated its twelfth annual gala fund-raiser, ZooFari, which netted a record $240,000 for NZP exhibition, educa- tion, conservation and research programs. In the summer, FONZ also launched its first series of week-long overnight wildlife conservation camps for children at the NZP Conserva- tion & Research Center in Front Royal, Virginia. FONZ vol- unteers also contributed over 100,000 hours of assistance that supported a variety of projects.

The NZP won three major awards at the annual meeting of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA): the top Conservation Award for the NZP’s outstanding Golden Lion Tamarin Conservation Program (in FY '95 NZP marked its first decade of success in reintroducing golden lion tamarin monkeys back to Brazil); shared with two other U.S. zoos the Edward H. Bean Award for Excellence in Conservation for col- laborative work on behalf of the endangered tiger; and a Sig- nificant Achievement award for breeding Matschie’s tree kangaroo (at the Conservation & Research Center).

The Conservation & Research Center, Environmental Sys- tems Research Institute, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard Company collaborated in forming a consortium, The Conservation Tech- nology Support Program, to provide computer hardware, soft- ware and training to non-profit conservation organizations in the U.S. and abroad. This program will make it possible for biologists to more effectively analyze the environmental im- pact of land and natural resource utilization.

NZP and the Fairfax County Public Schools’ Office of Media Services co-produced four separate “Science Safari” programs that targeted elementary school students, and an “Electronic Field Trip” that was aimed at middle school students. Related curriculum materials were created and distributed to participating schools. The programs were broadcast to schools nationally via satellite downlink or cable TV systems.

A novel underwater videotape camera provided by the Na- tional Geographic Society was employed by a team of scien- tists led by NZP’s Dr. Daryl] Boness to gather never-seen-before underwater images of and data on harbor seal behavior. The team traveled to Sable Island in the North

Atlantic Ocean to temporarily attach cameras to the backs of the seals.

The first breeding outside of the wild of a Hawaiian honeycreeper was achieved at the Conservation & Research Center in 1995. This unusual bird, an i'1wi (Vestzaria coccinea)( pronounced ee’eevee), was hatched on 25 May, and was subsequently raised to independence by its parents. Several non-endangered types of honeycreepers, including the i'iwi, are being used at the Center as “research surro- gates” in order to develop husbandry and propagation tech- niques for a number of Hawaii's highly-endangered avian species.

The lobby of the Education Building was the location for “Impressions of Another Land,” an exhibition of children's art. The artists were grade 4 students from Sydney, Australia, and Chevy Chase, Maryland. The children drew a remarkable series of pictures of Australian animals—the Sydney students from their own personal experience; the Marylanders from photos and videotapes.

Office of Fellowships and Grants

Roberta W. Rubinoff, Director

The Office of Fellowships and Grants supports and enhances research at the Institution, throughout the nation, and over- seas by linking the Smithsonian with students and scholars from universities, museums, and research organizations. Through fellowships, internships, and other visiting academic appointments, the Smithsonian maximizes the use of its vast and unusual resources and provides an important complement to more formal modes of education. The office manages cen- tralized fellowship and internship programs and all other sti- pend appointments, some of which are designed to increase minority participation in Smithsonian research activities and disciplines. Two competitive grant programs providing schol- arly support for Smithsonian professional staff also are admin- istered by the office.

Approximately 900 students, scientists, and scholars from the United Scates and abroad received appointments to use the Institution's facilities and collections. These awards in- cluded stipends for visiting scholars and students, internships, and short-term travel grants. Of the 66 awards made under the Smithsonian Fellowship Program, 21 percent went Co stu- dents and scholars from underrepresented groups.

With support from the Educational Outreach Fund, the office coordinated a seminar series given by nine Smithsonian research staff members at 16 large U.S. universities with a sig- nificant number of students from underrepresented groups. Students and faculty learned about some of the research being conducted at the Smithsonian and about the opportunities

available to them here.

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Dr. Pedro E. Leon Azofeifa from the School of Medicine at the University of Costa Rica received the second George E. Burch Fellowship to study the evolution of regulatory gene clusters in vertebrates.

In the Smithsonian-wide Scholarly Studies Program, 22 grants were awarded to provide up to two years of research support in Smithsonian disciplines.

Office of International Relations

Francine C. Berkowitz, Director

Since its inception, the Smithsonian has been an international organization. To limit the scope of the Smithsonian “to one city, Or even to one country,” argued the Institution's first Sec- retary, Joseph Henry, “would be an invidious restriction” of the terms of founder James Smithson's bequest. Over the course of the last 150 years, then, Smithsonian researchers have ranged the globe, conducting research, assembling museum collections, and participating in cooperative museum pro- grams in almost every country of the world.

Thirty years ago this year, the Smithsonian first established an international office, in order to provide diplomatic support for its increasingly complex programs abroad and to assist with the technical details of the international exchanges of museum collections and personnel. The Office of Interna- tional Relations (OIR) today serves as the point of contract and channel of communications for the Smithsonian with foreign institutions or individuals, with international organizations, and with government agencies. The OIR provides coordina- tion for the various interests abroad of the different parts of the Institution, and maintains the Smithsonian’s central refer- ence source for information on the international activities un- dertaken by its museums, research institutes, and program offices. Grants for research in a limited number of countries abroad are provided through the Smithsonian Foreign Cur- rency Program, which is administered by the OIR.

During 1995, OIR obtained nearly 200 foreign visas for Smithsonian travelers, and provided U.S. visa documentation for almost 190 foreign researchers and interns working at Smithsonian and at other kindred institutions in this country.

The office handled arrangements for more than 90 official government visits to the Smithsonian during the past year, in- cluding those of the Queen of Thailand, the President of Cape Verde, the President of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the South African Minister of Arts, Culture, Science, and Tech- nology. During 1995, OIR assisted in the drafting of several in- ternational agreements and arranged for research and specimen export permits in a number of foreign countries where Smithsonian staff conducted research.

Staff of the OIR represented the Institution at international

meetings and conferences in South Africa, Ghana, India, Mo-

46

rocco, and Norway. The OIR served as host at the Smithso- nian for events honoring a U.S.-Slovak physicist, a Danish- American photographer, an Indian poet, and a Cape Verdean artist.

The December 1994 opening of the Cape Coast Castle Mu- seum in a former slave-trade fortress in the West African na- uon of Ghana marked a milestone in international cooperation for the Institution. With assistance from several Smithsonian divisions, and funding support from USAID, the OIR coordinated an effort to train Ghanaian staff in museum techniques, and assist in the development of the opening exhi- bition there on the African diaspora. Work is currently under- way further down the coast of Ghana on the restoration and exhibition development at another World Heritage site,

Elmina Castle.

Office of Smithsonian Institution Archives

Edie Hedlin, Director

The Office of Smithsonian Institution Archives spent this year preparing for the Smithsonian’s 150th anniversary. The Insticu- tional History Division developed research tools, programs, publications, and presentations on the history of the Smithson- ian and its workers. The Archives Division made substantal progress on its enlarged and revised Guide to the Smithsonian In- stitution Archives and received a grant from the Atherton Seidell Endowment Fund to publish the new edition during the anniversary year. The National Collections Program ex- panded its annual Co/lection Statistics report and plans a special issue for 1996.

The Archives Division opened a cold storage facility for spe- cial media on the grounds of the National Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center in Front Royal, Virginia. The facility provides a steady, cool, and dry environment for the long-term storage of microfilm, motion picture film, audiotape, and videotape.

The Archives Division, on behalf of the Archives and Spe- cial Collections Council and with support from the James Smithson Society, published an updated and expanded bro- chure, Archival. Manuscript. and Special Collection Resources, which outlines the many documentary collections maintained throughout the Smithsonian.

The Institutional History Division produced two databases—a bibliography and a chronology—that support re- search into Smithsonian history. Both databases are available online through the Smithsonian Institution Research Informa- tion System and are accessible on the Internet. Staff members are working on other databases, including a historical photo- graph database expected to come online in 1996, and organiz- ing several exhibits for the 1soth anniversary year. During 1995, the Joseph Henry Papers Project staff completed text ed-

iting of volume 8 of the papers of the Smithsonian's first secretary.

With the Center for Museum Studies, the National Collec- tions Program cosponsored an introductory workshop on man- aging museum collections for staff in small, emerging,

minority, and rural museums.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Irwin I. Shapiro, Director

Summary

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is dedi- cated to the “increase of knowledge” through the discovery and explanation of those physical processes that determine the nature and evolution of the universe, and to its “diffusion” through the dissemination of research results to the scientific community, the creation of educational materials for teachers and students, the training of teachers, and educational out- reach to the general public.

Headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, SAO is joined with the Harvard College Observatory in the Center for Astrophysics (CfA), which has more than 250 professional staff engaged in a broad program of research in astronomy, as- trophysics, and earth and space sciences organized by divi- sions: atomic and molecular physics, high-energy astrophysics, optical and infrared astronomy, planetary sci- ences, radio and geoastronomy, solar and stellar physics, and theoretical astrophysics. Observational data are gathered by instruments aboard rockets, balloons, and spacecraft, as well as by ground-based telescopes at SAO’s Fred Lawrence Whip- ple Observatory in Arizona and Oak Ridge Observatory in Massachusetts, and at a millimeter-wave radio installation in Cambridge.

Current initiatives include the completion of an array of telescopes operating at submillimeter wavelengths, to be placed at a site near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; the conversion of the Multiple Mirror Telescope to a single-mirror instrument 6.5 meters in diameter; and preparation for the launch of space experiments in x-ray, submillimeter, and solar astronomy as well as the flight of a hydrogen maser clock

aboard a joint US-Russian mission.

Atomic and Molecular Physics Division

Kate Kirby, Associate Director

The Atomic and Molecular Physics Division carries out re- search in a broad range of theory, experiment, and observa- tions intended in large part to understand those atomic and molecular processes applicable to astrophysical environments and the terrestrial atmosphere. To help interpret astronomical data and co provide more accurate data for astrophysical diag-

nostics, the AMP laboratory conducts experiments to measure dielectronic recombination coefficients, electron-impact exci- tation Cross sections, radiative transition probabilities and photoabsorption cross sections. Other experimentalists con- duct research in stratospheric chemistry via balloon-borne and satellite-borne instruments. Division staff also administer and participate in the Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molec- ular Physics (ITAMP). Over the last seven years, the Institute has been extremely successful in attracting leading theorists in the field co visit and collaborate with each other, and in supporting a number of graduate students and postdocs to conduct independent research in forefront areas of theoretical atomic, molecular and optical physics. Funding for ITAMP comes from the National Science Foundation.

High Energy Astrophysics Division Stephen Murray, Associate Director

Research in high-energy astrophysics concentrates on some of the most energetic objects and processes in the universe. Studying their x-ray emission is essential for understanding their formation, evolution, and ultimate fate. Because x-rays are absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, observations must be made from balloons, rockets, and satellites. Thus, approxi- mately 90 percent of the support for programs in this division is provided by NASA contracts and grants. For example, the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AX AF) will represent the highest resolution, most sensitive x-ray telescope ever to be flown; and, in preparation for launch in 1998, SAO has been involved in the fabrication and testing of its special op- ucs and the design and construction of its High Resolution Camera. In addition, SAO is the site for the AXAF Science Center (ASC) which will receive, analyze, and archive AXAF data and function as a central clearinghouse of information and support for astronomers using the facility. During the construction of AXAF, the ASC will provide support for test- ing and verification of the ground system, for mirror and in- strument calibration, and for planning orbital operations

which relate to science data.

Optical and Infrared Astronomy

John Huchra, Associate Director

Optical and infrared data are fundamental to astronomy, and research in this division includes observational cosmology, searches for extrasolar planets, infrared observations of star- forming regions of the galaxy, atmospheric chemistry, optical interferometry, and gamma-ray astronomy. This division is also charged with the operation of—and the development of instrumentation for—the ground-based facilities operated by CfA: the Fred L. Whipple Observatory (FLW), the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT), and the Oak Ridge Observatory (ORO). Users of these telescope facilities come from almost every division at the CfA and also include scientists from

many other national and international institutions.

Planetary Sciences Division

Brian Marsden, Associate Director

Research in Planetary Sciences is carried out along observa- tional, laboratory, computation, and theoretical lines by scien- tists with training either in geology or in astronomy/astrophysics. Traditionally, this division has been concerned with the small bodies of the solar system, including meteors, with particular interest in the positional observation and orbital determination of comets and minor planets. This division also serves as headquarters for the International Astro- nomical Union's Minor Planet Center and Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Among specific projects is a study of the long-term effects of Jupiter and Saturn on the population of the outer part of the asteroid belt. Another effort seeks to increase significantly the rate of discovery and appropriate followup of near-Earth asteroids (or com- ets). Geological research mainly involves the petrology of extraterrestrial materials, in particular meteorites and lunar samples. Other research involves the early conditions in the

primitive solar nebula.

Radio and Geoastronomy

Mark Reid, Associate Director

Research in the Radio and Geoastronomy Division covers a wide range of topics in radio astronomy, including the study of the formation of stars, evolved stars, supernovae, the struc- ture of the Milky Way, and extragalactic radio sources. Obser- vations of continuum and spectral line sources are conducted with a wide variety of instruments ranging from single anten- nas to interferometers such as the Very Large Array (VLA). The Division is currently in the process of building a major as- tronomical facility: a 6-element submillimeter wavelength telescope array (SMA) to be located near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The SMA is intended to make observations with unprecedented resolution in the still largely unexplored sub- millimeter band between radio and infrared wavelengths. Other research in the division includes the application of radio astronomy techniques to the study of geophysical prob- lems, tests of general relativity, and the development of atomic clocks. Also, designs for satellite-borne optical inter- ferometers and space-based applications of tethered satellites

are being developed.

Solar and Stellar Physics

John Raymond, Associate Director

Scientists in the Solar and Stellar Physics Division carry out a wide range of research projects using data from x-ray and ultraviolet satellite observatories and telescopes on the ground. Major themes include the study of stellar coronae based on ultraviolet emission, investigation of the formation and early development of stars, and analysis of the surface lay-

ers of the Sun.

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The atmosphere of the Sun, our nearest star, contains complex magnetic structures which influence both solar radiation and the solar wind—the stream of energetic particles ejected at high speeds that bathe the bodies of the solar system, including Earth, with profound impacts on life. By designing and building in- creasingly sophisticated experiments to study the Sun's hot outer atmosphere, SAO scientists were the among first to idenufy the dominance of magnetic fields. In addition, the SAO-inspired interdisciplinary study of the Sun and stars has applied detailed knowledge of the solar corona to understand those processes which govern the coronae of distant stars. SAO also continues to study cycles and activity in stars like the Sun, with the goal of

identifying and predicting the behavior of our own star. :

Theoretical Astrophysics

A.G.W. Cameron, Associate Director

An underlying goal of astrophysical research is to understand as much of the universe as possible within the current state of technological development. Data come from astronomical ob- servations carried out with equipment collectively sensitive to the entire range of the electromagnetic spectrum—from long- wavelength radio waves to very short-wavelength gamma rays. In the last three decades, access to space and the techno- logical development of sensitive new detectors and fast com- puters has revolutionized the gathering of data about the universe. Transforming that data into information and under- standing is the role of theory. The increasing use of super- computers to construct analytical models of objects, or simulations, has transformed the theoretical approach to such an extent that computational astrophysics is now considered on par with observational and theoretical astrophysics. Com- putational astrophysics requires that the simulation programs incorporate enough detailed physics for the results to bear a close resemblance to reality. This division attempts to apply such an analytical and computational approach to understand-

ing the universe.

SAO Highlights of 1995

Research

An experiment to probe the fundamental laws of physics by searching for evidence of a permanent electric dipole moment in an atom led to development of an innovative technique for the laser magnetization of xenon gas. In a cooperative pro- gram with doctors at Harvard Medical School, the laser-gener- ated xenon is being applied to the enhancement of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to allow imaging of parts of the body, such as the brain, which cannot be imaged well with current techniques.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory scientists and their colleagues found by far the bset evidence for the existence of massive black holes. The discovery was based on radio observa- tions of swirling gas orbiting a very dense concentration of

material with the mass of abour 40 million Suns.

Analysis of data from SAO’s Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrome- ter that flew aboard the Spartan 201-2 satellite in September 1994, revealed the presence of a remarkably hot gas in the at- mosphere above the Sun’s south pole, a finding that offers clues to the origin and nature of the solar wind.

An SAO scientist was a member of the team that used the Hubble Space Telescope to gather evidence showing the clouds of hydrogen gas found between galaxies at distances of billions of light-years from Earth are at least 1 million light- years in diameter, or about Io times larger than previously thought, and may have unexpected sheet-like structure.

Hubble Space Telescope observations by SAO astronomers of faint stars deep inside a globular cluster provided strong ev- idence for the existence of cataclysmic variables, violently interacting double-star systems that may hold clues to the evo- lution of the clusters, which contain some of the oldest stars in the Universe.

A large international team of radio astronomers, including SAO scientists, used the high-resolution capability of Very Long Baseline Interferometry to obtain the closest—and earli- est—view of the expanding shell of gas and dust of a recently exploded supernova, which maintained remarkably precise cir- cular symmetry.

The analysis of VLBI measurements of the time delay in the arrival of radio signals from distant quasars passing near the Sun made by a team led by SAO scientists produced the most accurate measurement yet for the deflection of radiation by gravity predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity.

SAO scientists participated in radio observations of the Earth-crossing asteroid Toutatis that revealed the object has a highly irregular shape and a complex “tumbling” roration, making it one of the strangest objects in the Solar System.

Instrumentation

An instrument designed to monitor ozone levels in the Earth's atmosphere was launched from French Guiana April 20 aboard ESA's second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2). The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment, or GOME, was developed at SAO in cooperation with European scientists and is designed to generate a complete world ozone map every three days.

Ground was broken June 8 for an array of submillimeter- wave radio telescopes near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. An SAO submillimeter telescope (AST/RO) was installed at the South Pole in January to study giant molecular clouds

in the Milky Way.

Modifications of the existing MMT building were begun in July in a major step toward the conversion of that six-mirror tele- scope into a single-mirror instrument 6.5 meters in diameter.

Preparations for the launch in 1998 of the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) continued apace at SAO. The telescope’s unusual cylindrical mirrors were completed for coating, with surfaces far exceeding the minimum require- ments; and the High Resolution Camera being constructed at

SAO passed its Critical Design Review.

Environmental testing of the SAO-designed Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer, one of the major instruments aboard the international Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), was completed in July and the instrument was shipped to the Kennedy Space Flight Center in preparation for launch.

As the US Data Center for the Spectrum-X-Gamma (SXG) mission, an international collaborative space x-ray observatory led by the High Energy Division of the Institute for Space Re- search in Moscow, SAO will collect and archive data from the mission and make the information available worldwide through the Internet. Computers allowing Russian scientists easy accessibility to the data were shipped from SAO to the In- stitute June 26, in time for a meeting between U.S. Vice Presi- dent Al Gore and Russian Premier Viktor Chernomyrdin.

The SXG mission will conduct multiple experiments in a broad wavelength range—from ultraviolet through x rays to gamma rays.

The Fourth International Conference on Space Tether Sys- tems was held at the Institution in April with the joint spon- sorship of SAO, NASA, and the Italian Space Agency.

Public Education and Outreach

In autumn 1994, thousands of teachers across the country par- ticipated in a nationally broadcast series of interactive videos produced by the Science Education Department and designed to demonstrate how student misconceptions interfere with the learning of science and mathematics.

In spring 1995, SAO published “Space for Women,” a 20- page booklet designed to encourage young women to pursue careers in astronomy.

The Whipple Observatory’s Visitor Center in Arizona offic- ially opened on January 6. The Center features exhibits on as- tronomy, natural science, cultural (and Smithsonian) history, and the environment.

For the second year, the SAO Summer Intern Program brought a dozen college undergraduates to Cambridge to work with SAO scientists on a variety of research projects.

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

David L. Correll, Director

The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) maintained its research and education programs with a focus on the interactions of plants and animals with their environ- ment. Construction of a new office and education buildings was initiated. A design package was completed for the fourth phase of the Charles Mathias Laboratory Building. A new boat launching ramp and small buildings for storing boat ac-

cessories and dispensing boat fuel were completed.

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This year SERC scientists published 35 research papers as a result of a series of ongoing atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic studies. Measurements were made of incident and undersea spectral irradiance, especially of ultraviolet B wave- lengths, over the Weddell-Scotia confluence in Antarctica dur- ing the austral spring in October, 1993, during the transit of a low ozone “hole”. The intensity of the shortest wavelengths, such as 304 nm, increased significantly. Such increased doses of ultraviolet radiation were simulated on an oceanographic research ship and natural phytoplankton, especially diatoms, were exposed to rest whether they were able to synthesize ultraviolet-absorbing compounds as a defense mechanism. Pigments such as mycosporine-like amino acids increased and could help protect the diatoms from increased ultraviolet radiation.

SERC scientists have been conducting a long-term study of the effects on plant communities of elevated carbon dioxide con- centrations, such as are anticipated to occur on Earth 50 years from now. Respiration of C3 plants is strongly inhibited by ele- vated carbon dioxide. This, in combination with increased photo- synthesis, results in large increases in plant biomass. Studies of these C3 plants have now shown that the mechanism of inhibi- tion of respiration is a reduction in the concentration of cyto- chrome c oxidase. Plants grown in elevated carbon dioxide also had more non-structural carbohydrates and less ribulose bis- phosphate carboxylase, a key enzyme for photosynthesis. Thus, they had less photosynthetic capacity per weight of tissue, but the whole plants still out-produced normal plants in ambient car- bon dioxide concentrations.

Wich concerns over the possible thinning of the strato- spheric ozone layer and the resultant increase in ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation at the Earth’s surface, SERC scientists con- ducted studies of the relative penetration of UVB and white light into hardwood deciduous forests. Under closed canopies, mean UVB transmittance through the canopy was only I to 2% of incident radiation. This transmittance increased to 30% during the leafless season. Vertically, the UVB radiation was extinguished rapidly, with 40-70% absorbed by the top 25% of the canopy. When compared with white light penetration, UVB had a higher transmittance.

Nitrogen is a key nutrient in receiving waters, such as Ches- apeake Bay. When these waters receive to much nitrogen, algae become to productive resulting in reduced levels of dis- solved oxygen at night or in deep stratified layers of water. In the case of Chesapeake Bay, much of the nitrogen inputs ar- rive as nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen dissolved in rain water. SERC scientists have measured the volume and nitrogen contents of each rainfall event for 20 years. Nitrate is the most abundant nitrogen nutrient in the rain and its delivery via the rain has more than doubled over this period. Ammonium is the second most abundant and its delivery has also more than doubled. Organic nitrogen delivery fluctuated bur declined, if anything, over this time period.

SERC scientists also have conducted long-term studies of

how the rates of discharge of nutrients from subwatersheds of

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Chesapeake Bay vary with geology, land use, and variations in weather. Nutrient concentrations were measured for 153 streams in various parts of the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Appalachian physiographic regions. Concentrations of nitrate were strongly related to land use within any one geologic re- gion, with low concentrations in streams draining forested lands and high concentrations in streams draining agricul- tural lands. However, under conditions of similar land use, concentrations of nitrate were much higher in Piedmont and Appalachian streams than in Coastal Plain streams. This was primarily due to the fact that groundwater draining Coastal Plain streams has a relatively shallow trajectory, which allows the vegetation in the stream riparian zone to intercept more nitrate than in the other regions, where groundwater path- ways are often to deep for plant roots to have an effect.

Another study by SERC scientists found that agricultural livestock populations in the Chesapeake Bay region release sig- nificant concentrations of hormones into streams and the Bay. An important source of estrogen in streams 1s chicken manure that is spread on farm fields as fertilizer. Another source of es- trogen and testosterone was sewage treatment plant effluent. Testosterone was found in the streams during the growing sea- son, but not during the rest of the year. Estrogen reaches the streams by surface runoff during storms, while testosterone reaches the streams in both groundwater and surface runoff.

The blue crab is presently the most important fishery in Chesapeake Bay. A better understanding of its biology and ecology is fundamental to maintaining this species in the Bay. SERC scientists use ultrasonic telemetry to study the behavior of blue crabs in the turbid waters of the Bay. Although adults, on average, move faster and stay in deeper water, both alter- nate between periods of slow meandering movement with faster, directionally-oriented movement. Fertilized females mi- grate long distances into high salinity areas near the mouth of the Bay co incubate their eggs. They complete this migration cycle only once per two to five year generation. Adult abun- dance is determined by both recruitment and survival of juve- nile crabs. Cannibalism by large blue crabs was the source of 75 to 97% of the mortality of juvenile crabs. By seeking ref- uge in the shallows juveniles avoid some of this cannibalism.

The European green crab has been introduced to the west coast of North America with an initial population developing in San Francisco Bay. SERC scientists have been monitoring the expansion of the green crab range and the mechanisms of expansion. These studies also show that this exotic crab is im- pacting the populations of clams and amphipods in estuarine habitats.

The education program at SERC also had a successful year. Many visiting groups took part in such activities as the Java History Trail, the Discovery Trail, canoeing on the tidal creek, and estuarine activities in the shoreline area. These groups in- cluded handicapped, elderly, children, and minorities. SERC also hosted a large number of workshops and educational out- ings for teachers, administrators, and scientists. At SERC

these groups can combine meetings and lectures with seeing

field research in action within a wide variety of natural habitats.

SERC also continued a very successful work/learn intern- ship program for undergraduate and beginning graduate stu- dents. This is a competitive international program. Prospective interns apply to work with a SERC staff scientist or educator on a specific project. In addition, SERC staff and facilities attracted a large number of graduate students, post-

doctoral fellows, and visiting scientists.

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Barbara J. Smith, Director

The Getty Grant Program awarded the Smithsonian Insti- tution Libraries support for a three-year project to create an Online Index and Finding Guide to the Literature of African Art and Culture which is being developed for access on the Internet as part of the Libraries’ online catalog. Responding to the public's growing interest in non-Western art, the index of 52,000 citations was created by Janet L. Stanley, National Museum of African Art Branch Librarian, to identify source materials in this expanding field.

The Libraries’ online catalog has been available on the Internet since January at fe/met:\\siris.st.edu: and a second edi- tion of aCD-ROM of the Libraries’ catalog, Smithsonian On Disc. was published by G. K. Hall, Macmillan. This year the Libraries launched an Electronic Republishing program with a pilot project funded by the Institution's Atherton Seidell Endowment. The full, searchable text of rwo volumes in the Smithsonian's Bureau of American Ethnology series of Native American anthropology studies is being prepared for elec- tronic dissemination and will be available on the Libraries’ World Wide Web site to Internet users around the world, making a contribution to The National Digital Library.

All eighteen branch libraries now offer users access to the World Wide Web, and several branches have created Home Pages with links to external reference materials. Branch staff held training sessions to assist the Smithsonian research com- munity in making use of the resources from all over the world now available electronically. The Libraries’ CD-ROM Net- work, accessible in most branches and in many Institution of- fices, was upgraded to increase the number of CD-ROMs thar are available to users at one time. An agreement with the Li- brary of Congress has expedited access to and delivery of mate- rials from that facility to Smithsonian library users. The Management and Systems Division's Shipping and Receiving section decreased turn-around time for library materials by processing shipments using a new automated system. Thanks to a grant from the Smithsonian Women’s Committee, the Li- braries now has software to enlarge type on the screen so that

visually impaired users can read from the screen, and thereby

access computer-based information, including the Libraries’ online catalog and databases from the CD-ROM Network. SIL also purchased a closed-circuit tv enlarger to give visually impaired library users access to printed material. The equip- ment was installed in the Museum Reference Center, a cen- trally located branch on the Mall.

A major event in 1995 was the opening of new and reno- vated facilities at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) Branch Library in Panama, both funded by the Tupper Foundation. A new Library Annex provides four levels of stacks to house the collections, and the library building itself was renovated to provide better services for STRI Branch Library, the premiere Central American research library for the scientific community since 1956. These facilities will assist Libraries staff in serving the 18,000 library users who come an- nually, including an international body of students in the nat- ural sciences and anthropology, and students in biological sciences from the University of Panama.

The installation of compact shelving in the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology (located in the Mu- seum of American History) has doubled the stack size, in- creased work space for staff, brought the facility into conformance with the American with Disabilities Act regula- tions, and upgraded the electrical system connections for researchers’ computers. New datalog gers — electronic hygro- thermographs that can be read from a remote location — in the Libraries’ rare book locations have brought greater effi- ciency to the crucial task of monitoring the environmental conditions in those areas accurately. The Women's Committee provided funds for rare-book foam supports that ensure proper handling of rare books during use by researchers. In May the Libraries appointed William E. Baxter head of its Special Collections Department.

The Smithsonian Institution Libraries’ exhibition Sczence and the Artist's Book, co-sponsored by the Washington Project for the Arts, explores how scientific ideas can stimulate artis- tic creation. The year-long show displays original artist's books inspired by and displayed with pioneering scientific studies from the rare-book collections of SIL’s Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology. The exhibition, curated by book artist Carol Barton and the Libraries’ Rare Book Cataloguer Diane Shaw, opened at two venues, Part I in the Libraries Exhibition Gallery located in the National Mu- seum of American History, and Part 2 at che Washington Proj- ect for the Arts, the co-sponsor, in late May. This cooperative effort featured twenty-seven original artist's books created spe- cifically for this show by leading book artists from around the country displayed with major publications in the history of science and technology from the Dibner Library. Twenty-two of the participating artists attended the opening reception. Supported by the Glen Eagles Foundation and the Smithsonian's Special Exhibition Fund, the exhibition honors the gift of the Dibner Library in 1976 and focuses on one of the Libraries’ core strengths, the history of science and tech-

nology. The exhibition was featured in the illustrated article,

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“Science Defined by the Hands of a Book Artist” in Smithso- nian magazine (June 1995) and, with its own Web server in- stalled, Libraries’ staff began scanning images and marking up text for an electronic version of this exhibition.

In conjunction with Science and the Artist's Book, Roald Hoffmann, Cornell University’s Nobel laureate in chemistry, poet, and author, delivered the 1995 Dibner Library lecture on “Chemistry Imagined” which explored connections between science and art. The lecture was supported by The Dibner Fund. The Libraries presented four public programs of music about balloons written between 1890 and 1910, from the collec- tions of the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) Branch. Performed by the U. S. Navy Band Sea Chanters, the musical programs were presented in conjunction with the Libraries’ ex- hibition, Balloons: the Birth of Flight, 1783-1793 which was on display in the Libraries Exhibition Gallery from September through April. Into the Blue: Materials from the National Air and Space Museum Branch, an exhibition in the Library Hall of the Natural History Building where the Libraries’ central ad- ministrative offices are located, featured additional ballooning materials from the NASM Branch. It was curated by NASM Branch Librarian Dave Spencer and NASM Reference Librar- ian Paul McCutcheon with the assistance of two interns. Claire Dekle and staff of the Book Conservation Laboratory created the subsequent exhibition for the Library Hall, Nineteenth-century Publishers’ Cloth Bindings.

In August Rare Books and Special Collections in the Smithso- nian Institution Libraries. supported by The Dibner Fund, was published by the Smithsonian Institution Press. This 108- page visual survey of the Libraries’ most distinctive and valu- able research materials in a wide sweep of disciplines contains more than 60 images (over forty in color) and is available from the Press and in Museum Shops.

Despite limited acquisitions funds for book purchases, the Libraries was able to enrich its collections through the gener- osity of donors. Proceeds from the S. Dillon Ripley Library Endowment funded the purchase of over 50 notable books for seventeen of the Libraries’ eighteen branches. Other signifi- cant acquisitions came from donations to three memorial funds and from the newly established Wells Endowment Fund in memory of John W. Wells and Ellen B. Wells. More than 100 individuals and many corporations and institutions donated books and other library materials this year. The Li- braries welcomed a major gift of a microfilm copy of Trade-a- Plane magazine from TAP Publishing Company, including a printing copy, a user copy, and a cabinet to house the film. Representing the company, Jean Durfee presented the gift of 114 reels of microfilm which preserves the run of the magazine from its beginning in 1937.

Following the departure of the deputy director, head cata- loguer, and several staff during a federal downsizing initiative at the beginning of the year, Director Barbara J. Smith re- organized the Libraries into three divisions, consolidating all technical services departments —cataloging, acquisitions, preservation— and special collections under the Collections

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Management Division. Several economies were achieved by combining Management and Systems into a single division; and the Research Services Division continues to oversee the branch library system that serves users in fourteen locations in the Washington metropolitan area as well as in Cambridge, Massachusetts, New York City, Edgewater, Maryland, and the Republic of Panama.

The Libraries is currently serving as the host institution to CAPNET (Capitol Area Preservation Network), a regional group of preservation officers and conservators in libraries and archives. The group, which fosters information and resource sharing and plans educational activities, co-sponsored a pro- gram in April with the Library of Congress on emergency pre- paredness and response. Tom Garnett, Systems Department head, was nominated and served as a Fellow for Excellence in Government during 1994-1995. His project was opening the treasures of the Libraries to a wider audience through estab- lishing the Libraries’ Web server. Working with an automa- tion project funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Margaret D'Ambrosio, Cataloguer, went on leave to serve as resource librarian at the Bibliotheca Berenson, the Harvard Center for Renaissance Studies in Fiesole, near Florence, Italy. Libraries’ staff presented papers at several association meet- ings, and published articles and reviews in professional jour- nals. The Dibner Library hosted two new SIL/Dibner Library Resident Scholars during the year, thanks to support from The Dibner Fund. Six interns from library schools and col- leges around the country worked in branch libraries and one intern assisted in the Systems Department. This year, the Libraries circulated 243,855 items, processed 51,076 inter- library loan requests, acquired by purchase or gift 19,700 books and other library materials, and answered 56,682 reference questions.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Ira Rubinoff, Director

During FY 95 the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), based in the Republic of Panama, continued its efforts to increase our understanding of tropical nature and peoples and to communicate this knowledge internationally. To carry out its mission, STRI operates tropical forest and marine field stations, well-equipped laboratories, a research vessel, and a major tropical sciences library. These facilities support the work of 35 staff scientists and hundreds of visiting researchers and students that in FY 95 came from around the world. From October 16-18 STRI scientists and administrators held a retreat on Taboga Island to discuss present issues and future directions. In January 1995 director Ira Rubinoff deliv- ered a “State of STRI” address to all employees in which he re- viewed the Institute's budgetary situation, accomplishments,

and present and future projects in the areas of research, educa- tion, construction and telecommunications.

Several major construction projects completed this year advanced the master plan of STRI facilities. The renovation of two floors of Building 352, formerly Surfside Theater, and occupied for several years by STRI’s Oil Spill Project, added new offices and laboratories for fellows and visitors at the Naos Marine Laboratories.

Construction of the annex for the Earl S. Tupper Library and renovation of the original building were also completed. This represents a significant expansion of the STRI Library faciliries made possible by a gift from the Tupper family. A bronze bust by sculptor Jay Carpenter of Earl S. Tupper, founder of Tupperware and supporter of STRI, was placed in the plaza outside the library. A mosaic based on the work of the Panamanian artist Brooke Alfaro, that was contributed by the artist to STRI, adorns the facade of the new annex. The work, entitled “El Trueque” (“The Exchange”) symbolizes Panama's traditional role as a site of biological, cultural and commercial exchange.

On Barro Colorado Island, construction of new labora- tories, housing units for workers and visitors, and a new pier completed a major part of the program, begun in 1987, to replace buildings from the 1920s and improve the field station's living and working facilities. The new building has seven individual laboratories, a chemistry lab, instrument room, computer room, a darkroom, and walk-in freezer.

During FY95 construction progressed on the renovation and conditioning of the Ancon facility to house the Center for Tropical Paleoecology and the building and installation of the new back up generator for the Tupper Research and Confer- ence Center complex.

A major advancement this year was the installation of a sat- ellice earth station at the Tupper Center to establish more reli- able communications between STRI and SI. The satellite link will provide both data and voice services, thus helping to re- duce communication expenses at both ends.

Of special interest was the publication of Fishes of the Eastern Tropical Pacific, coauthored by Gerald R. Allen and STRI staff scientist D. Ross Robertson. The most comprehens- ive guide of the fishes of the region, this publication is now being translated into Spanish.

The Spanish version of the executive summary of STRI's Oil Spill Project's final report was published this year and dis- tributed widely by the Office of External Affairs. Also pub- lished, by Texas University Press, was the book Plants and Animals in the Life of the Kuna by STRI's environmental conser- vation specialist Jorge Ventocilla, Heraclio Herrea and Valerio Nufiz, and translated by Elisabeth King.

Another translation that saw the light of day this year was La domesticacion y cria de la paca (Agouti paca) Guia FAO Conservacién No. 26 (The domestication and rearing of the paca, Agouti paca, FAO Conservation Guide No. 26 ), by Nich- olas Smythe and Ofelina Brown de Guanti, formerly at STRI.

The project on which this publication was based was sup- ported by a grant from the W. Alton Jones Foundation.

To reach wider audiences STRI published jointly with Panama's newspaper LA PRENSA 12 monthly color supple- ments in Spanish entitled “Naturaleza Tropical.” The supple- ments, written for lay audiences by STRI scientists and collaborators, dealt with various aspects of Panama's natural history and were enthusiastically received by readers.

With support from the SI Women’s Committee the Span- ish version of a second edition of A Day on Barro Colorado Is- land was completed. The English version will be out in October, as will the Spanish edition of the guidebook for visi- tors to the Fausto Bocanegra Nature Trail on Barro Colorado Island.

Two new fellowships were established and awarded this year. The Earl S. Tupper 3-year Postdoctoral Fellowship was awarded to Ulrich Mueller, a researcher from Cornell Univer- sity, who will conduct studies on the evolution and the ecol- ogy of the Attine fungus symbiosis. The Fellowship in honor of the late Alan P. Smith was awarded to senior botany stu- dent, Eloisa Lasso, from the University of Panama, who will conduct her thesis research on the canopy access system pion- eered by Smith.

In FY 95 the recipient of the Burch Fellowship in Theoreti- cal Medicine and Affiliated Sciences was Pedro Leon Azofeifa, from the Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center of the University of Costa Rica. He received this distinction for his theoretical and applied work in vertebrate genetics and he will be interacting with STRI scientists during the course of this fellowship.

To promote cooperation between the Organization of Tropi- cal Studies (OTS) and STRI, the Andrew W. Mellon Founda- tion awarded a three-year grant of $350,000 to be shared equally by STRI and OTS. The grant will fund exchange vis- its by STRI and OTS researchers as well as visits by outside researchers.

A generous contribution of one million dollars was made by Glenn O. Tupper to the Earl S. Tupper Fund to support sci- entific research at STRI. The STRI Development Office began this year an “Alumnus Development Program” which raised approximately $10,000. Numerous letters received from STRI alumni provided testimony to the important role STRI has played in the careers of many biologists and conservationists.

The Smithsonian Board of Regents approved the use of the name Fundacion Smithsonian de Panama for a new founda- tion to be established in Panama that will raise funds for STRI projects, specifically those that would involve outreach to the Panamanian community. One major project supported by this group of corporate and individual donors is the Ma- rine Exhibition Center at Culebra Point. A pilot marine envi- ronmental education program at this site has received over 20,000 students from the pre-kindergarten through the uni- versity levels.

The U.S. Department of Defense provided funding to two STRI projects through its Legacy Program. The first project

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concerns the restoration and renovation of military bunkers for the development of a visitor center and classroom for the Culebra Marine Exhibitions Center. The second project in- volved inventory and monitoring of birds and forest trees in U.S. military bases in Panama.

The Center for Tropical Forest Science at STRI began the fourth census of the 50 hectare forest plot on Barro Colorado Island began in January 1995; previous censuses were con- ducted in 1982, 1985 and 1990. In Borneo the first census was completed on a 50-hectare plot that contains 1173 species and 380,000 stems. A new 50-hectare plot was initiated this year in a high-diversity Amazon forest in area of Yasuni, Ecuador in collaboration with the Catholic University of Ecuador and the Aarhus University of Denmark.

On May 6, 1995 a new field station was opened in the Carib- bean by a consortium of private partners in Honduras and Switzerland, the Honduras Coral Reef Foundation and a part- nership of STRI and the Honduran government. The solar powered field station provides laboratory and living space for I5 scientists and will be the site for studies on coral reefs and other marine habitats, and for an initiative in the sustainable development of fishing and tourism.

In Africa, the Mpala Research Centre, a collaborative re- search effort between Princeton University, the National Mu- seum of Kenya and the Kenya Wildlife Service, hired its first director, Nicholas Georgiadis, a STRI research affiliate. This unique savannah field station located, in the Laikipia plateau in northcentral Kenya, provides housing and dining facilities for 15 scientists. Director Georgiadis visited Panama this year to formalize links between Mpala and STRI, which adminis- ters the SI interests in this consortium.

A working plan and cooperative agreement was signed be- tween STRI and Brazil's Federal University of Parana (UFPR). The agreement calls for technical and scientific exchange to re- construct the history of the vegetation and climate since the last glacial epoch, in several regions of Brazil. The STRI pale- oecology team headed by Paul Colinvaux and the UFPR de- partment of Botany headed by Raquel Negrelle will be working together towards the successful completion of the project.

Several international workshops were held at STRI’s Tupper Center this year. From March 20-24, the Technical Meeting of Herbaria of Central America and the Caribbean brought to- gether twenty-six specialists from eight nations and was or- ganized by Mireya Correa, of STRI and the University of Panama, and Rafael Ocampo, of the Centro Agronémico Trop- ical de Investigaciones y Ensefanza (CATIE) in Costa Rica. Seventy-five specialists from around the world gathered at the Tupper Center for the United Nation’s Environmental Program's Global Biodiversity Assessment Workshop that was held from June 12-16.

The U.S. State Department provided seed funding to initi- ate the development of an international travelling exhibit on coral reefs. The exhibit is conceived as a means Co increase

public awareness of the plight of coral reefs, and is one way in

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which STRI is helping to carry out the objectives of the Inter- national Coral Reef Initiative, in which STRI has an advisory and collaborative role. The exhibit will open at the ATLAPA Convention Center in conjunction with the Eight Inter- national Coral Reef Congress to be held in Panama from June 24-29, 1996, cohosted by the University of Panama and STRI.

The bilingual itinerant exhibit “Parting the Green Cur- tain” continued its travels through its fifth country in Latin America, opening at the Banco Central de Reserva del Peru in Lima, from July through September 1995. The educational exhibit “Imagenes contra el SIDA” opened at the Tupper Cen- ter in December and was subsequently donated to Panama's Ministry of Health to support local HIV/AIDS prevention education.

STRI and the University of Panama offered the V Intro- ductory Course in Field Research for biology students held from April 2-11 in the Gigante Peninsula, part of the Barro Colorado Nature Monument. In collaboration with Panama’s Ministry of Education (MINEDUC), STRI organized the II Workshop in Marine Environmental Education held from March 27-31, 1995. The workshop supported by a grant from the SI Educational Outreach Fund was attended by 23 middle school teachers from Panama's coastal areas, including a repre- sentative from the San Blas islands.

Thirty students from the University of Panama and the Azuero Regional University Center participated in the archae- ological excavations at the Cerro Juan Diaz site near the town of Los Santos, directed by STRI staff member Richard Cooke in collaboration with Panama’s Institute of Culture. The students’ training and participation was supported by a grant from the SI Educational Outreach Fund.

Secretary I. Michael Heyman and Theresa Heyman visited STRI from February 6-10 to meet the staff and learn about on- going programs. Secretary Heyman and STRI director Ira Rubinoff met Panama's President Ernesto Perez Balladares at Blair House in September. President Perez Balladares pre- sented Heyman with a letter expressing his government's in- tention to continue supporting STRI beyond the year 2000.

Arts and Humanities

Anacostia Museum

Steven Cameron Newsome, Director

The Anacostia Museum continued its tradition of increasing public knowledge of the black experience through direct en- gagement with a variety of constituent groups in the develop- ment of exhibitions, public programs, and research projects. The groundbreaking exhibition “Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity among Black Immigrants in Washing- ton, D.C.” was the anchor for activities that strengthened the

museum’s leadership in documenting and interpreting con- temporary urban and community history and culture. The collaborative strategies that the museum uses to develop and implement projects are useful models for other institutions.

To complement “Black Mosaic,” the museum sponsored two conferences about music. “Musica Afro-Latino” explored the history of Latin musical forms in Washington, D.C., and featured performances and discussions by some of the city’s pioneers and trendsetters. “Beyond the Reggae Beat” in- creased public understanding of musical genres with origins in English- and French-speaking Caribbean communities. Free concerts followed both conferences.

Three notable exhibitions were installed in the Community Gallery. “In Search of Common Ground: Senior Citizens and Community Life at Potomac Gardens” focused on eight resi- dents of a public housing development. “Art Changes Things: The Art and Activism of Georgette Powell” was a retrospec- tive view of the life and work of a noted African American art educator and artist who has been active since the 1930s. “Anacostia: Not the Same Old Story” was developed by stu- dents participating in the museum’s partnership with the Lucy Ellen Morten Elementary School.

The National African American Museum Project became part of the museum's administrative structure and was re- named the Center for African American History and Culture. The center mounted two exhibitions in the Arts and Indus- tries Building. “Imagining Families” offered a provocative ex- amination of family history through a variety of art forms. In “The Harmon and Harriet Kelley Collection of Art,” the pub- lic gained insight into the impact of individuals who decide to commit themselves to collecting African American art.

An advisory board began consulting with museum staff on plans for the 1997 exhibition “Speak to My Heart: African American Communities of Faith and Contemporary Life.” The exhibition, the second in a trilogy of major contemporary urban history offerings, will explore the social and culcural dynamics of Washington's African American spiritual institu- tions. It will also address the impact of changes in vestments, iconography, and liturgy on black religious traditions.

Plans for the museum's Archives Study and Storage Center were completed. Construction is slated for 1996 and 1997. The addition will enable the museum to be more effective in col- lecting and caring for manuscript, archival, and photographic material that reflects black life.

Archives of American Art

Richard J. Wattenmaker

Acquisitions

Major groups of important papers were acquired this year by the Archives of American Art. John Gruen (b. 1926), art critic

and author, donated original manuscripts, tape recordings and transcripts of interviews conducted with important artists who constitute a “Who's Who” of figures in the art world over the past 40 years. These comprise discussions with crit- ics, including Harold Rosenberg and Clement Greenberg, as well as the original, unedited draft manuscript of Gruen’s book, The Party's Over, with much more data than was ulti- mately published.

A large group of personal papers were donated by the critic Lucy Lippard (b. 1937) including drafts of her books Six Years, Cross Fire, Mixed Blessings, and Eva Hesse, together with corre- spondence from 1970-1992. Other papers given include clip- pings, leaflets, broadsides on American culture and politics as well as her teaching notes for the University of Colorado, Boulder in 1986.

The Archives received a group of rare catalogues (1944- 1992), newsletters and records of the Society of American Graphic Artists from Vice-President Richard Dorian. SAGA continues today as the leading organization of printmakers in America.

Papers and gallery records were received from Kraushaar Galleries, New York. More than 35 cubic feet of documents comprising correspondence with artists, collectors, dealers, museums and other clients. These include artists such as John Sloan, Guy Péne du Bois, and Gifford Beal. Kraushaar, founded in 1885, is one of the oldest art galleries in America and played an important role in fostering the successful ca- reers of such American artists as the Prendergast brothers, Maurice and Charles, William Glackens, and John Sloan. In the 1920s the Gallery was a leading exhibitor of modern Euro- pean painters. Vose Galleries of Boston, Inc. also donated cus- tomer files 1914-1945 adding to a group of papers given by Vose over a period of years. The Gallery is the oldest family owned art gallery in America begun in Providence, RI in the 1840s and operating in Boston since before the turn of the century. These exceptional records constitute a continuing gift that will provide an invaluable resource for the study of 19th and 2oth century art in America.

Among other continuing gifts are the papers of scholar Stanton L. Catlin (b. 1915), a leading authority on 19th and 2oth century Latin American art. One of his most notable achievements was the organization of the “Art of Latin Amer- ica since Independence” exhibition at Yale and the University of Texas in 1967. An addition to the papers of painter and draughtsman Hyman Bloom (b. 1913) was also received. Fel- low of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1960, Bloom is well known for his figure and anatomical com- positions, landscapes and Jewish genre subjects.

The Archives acquired the papers of sculptress Bessie Vonnoh Potter (1872-1955) who gained a national reputation for bronze fountains, portrait busts and mother-and-child figure groups. The collection also includes vintage photographs. Of special in- terest are the artist's letters describing her visit to the 1900 Paris’ Exposition Universelle. The donor, Lulette J. Thompson, is Vonnoh’s 98-year old cousin and oldest surviving heir.

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The papers of sculptor Heinz Warneke (1895-1983), born in Germany, and who migrated to the United States in 1923, have also been donated to the Archives. Warneke was head of the sculpture department of the Corcoran School of Art from the early 1940s to 1970.

Another rich collection, papers (1907-1973) of painter Stanton Macdonald-Wright (1890-1973) including corre- spondence (1909-1915) from the artist and his brother Wil- lard Huntington Wright to their mother, and a diary (1909) from Paris concerning color theories and aesthetics, were donated by the artist's wife. Included is a treatise on color with palette and color wheels and an untitled manu- script loosely based on the lives of Stanton and Willard Wright as well as five journal notebooks kept by the artist from 1939-1973.

Finally, the Archives was bequeathed the papers of art histo- rian Albert Elsen (1928-1995) professor of art history at Stan- ford University and president of the College Art Association from 1974-1976. Elsen was also author of the “Statement on Standards for Sculptural Reproduction and Preventive Mea- sures to combat Unethical Casting in Bronze.” Long-time member of the Archives’ West Coast Advisory Committee, he was instrumental in the acquisition of several collections. This collection includes correspondence, writings, photographs and printed materials related to his teaching and research in such figures as Rodin, Matisse, Seymour Lipton and Paul Jenkins.

Exhibitions

An exhibition of a promised gift of papers of sculptor Louise Bourgeois was presented at the New York Regional Center, November 11 to December 1, 1994. Ms. Bourgeois donated the papers to the Archives in honor of Agnes Gund, the well- known collector and supporter of contemporary art, and the Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Museum of Modern Art. Mrs. Gund was honored by the Archives of American Art at a black tie benefit dinner at the University Club on November 17 attended by 280 people.

Katharine Kuh (1904-1994), an art historian, critic, gallery owner, and curator, gave the first installment of her papers to the Archives in 1971 and continued to make gifts of her corre- spondence throughout the 1970s and 1980s. It was her wish that after her death the remainder of her letters, manuscripts, photographs. and diaries also be given to the Archives. Archives’ staff member Nancy Malloy and art historian Avis Berman curated a wonderful exhibition at the Archives’ New York Gallery featuring Kuh’s papers, which document the broad range of interests and contributions to art history and criticism made by this remarkable scholar.

Letters, sketchbooks, diaries, travel journals, and photo- graphs of abstract expressionist painter Georgio Cavallon (1904-1989) were on display at the Archives’ Gallery in the New York Center from April 4 to June 30. Complementing the papers were a selection of 18 of Cavallon’s paintings and watercolors that were lent for the exhibition. Critic Robert Hughes praised Cavallon’s work as “one of the most lucid,

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steadfast, and articulate bodies of work in modern American painting.” Diane Kelder, Professor at CUNY Graduate Center and Chair of the Arc Department at Staten Island College, was the guest curator.

Also on view at the Archives’ New York Regional Center was an exhibition featuring highlights from collections re- cently acquired by the Archives of American Art. Among the items displayed were letters, sketches, and books from private libraries of artists and critics such as Peter Dean, Frank Stella, Robert Smithson, and Lucy Lippard. Also on view were origi- nal birthday cards given to collector Roy Neuberger from art- ists such as Jackson Pollack, Romare Bearden, Stuart Davis, and Alexander Calder.

Publications

The Archives’ latest publication, Government and Art: A Guide to Sources in the Archives of American Art, will be published in late Fall. In addition to other materials the Archives has the largest collection of manuscripts, archives, and oral history interviews documenting the New Deal arts programs of the 1930s.

Oral History

During the 1995 Fiscal Year, the Archives conducted a number of new oral history interviews. Among figures interviewed were New York art dealer Paula Cooper, interviewed by Bill Weiss, who speaks of her gallery experiences and the begin- nings of her involvement with such contemporaries as Walter de Maria, Carl Andre, and other sculptors of the 1960s. Paul Karlstrom, West Coast Regional Director interviewed sculp- tor Viola Frey (b. 1933), as part of the Women in the Arts Oral History Project, she discusses her education and recalls artists such as Richard Diebenkorn, Marc Rothko, and Robert Arne- son. Claire Falkenstein (b. 1908), interviewed by Paul J. Karlstrom, provided a candid discussion of her development as an artist while a student at the University of California, Berkeley. Falkenstein discusses her largest commission at

St. Basil’s Cathedral in Los Angeles. She also talks about her teaching in the Bay area and friendships with Clyfford Still as well as meetings with such figures as Karl Appel, Martha Jackson and Sam Francis. In an interview Fritz Scholder

(b. 1937) discusses his family background and growing up in the parallel worlds of Anglo and Native American cul- ture, his education and his travel in Europe and Egypt as well as the importance of magic and occult in his work. He also recalls such contemporaries as Wayne Thiebaud, Vincent Price, Georgia O'Keeffe, Agnes Martin and Leonard Baskin.

The Archives has undertaken an oral history project in cooperation with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Orai History Proj- ect has interviewed twelve of the approximately twenty- five individuals who are or have been closely connected

with the museum's operations and programs. These inter-

viewees include staffand trustees including those who have

served the museum in the past.

Collecting

The Director and Southeast Regional collector, Liza Kirwin traveled to San Antonio, Texas, where they met with artists and arts administrators to pursue the Archives’ longstanding activity documenting Mexican American and Latino art. The Archives is currently preparing a guide to Latino holdings.

In Memorium

William E. (Bill) Woolfenden, former Director and Director Emeritus of the Archives of American Art died July 19 in New Haven, Connecticut. He was 77. Mr. Woolfenden was Director of the Archives for 19 years and was involved with its programs from its inception in 1954. He was responsible for its growth into the nation’s largest repository for documenta- tion of the visual arts and culture of the United States.

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Freer Gallery of Art

Milo C. Beach, Director

With both the Sackler and Freer buildings open, in full opera- tion and physically linked for more than two years, the galler- ies began two major evaluative efforts. The first, a 12-month visitor study, was aimed at learning more about the galleries’ public—who they are and what they hope to gain from their museum experience. Working with the Smithsonian's Institu- tional Studies Office and a four-member gallery steering com- mittee, professional interviewers spoke to a random sampling of visitors over a period of seven days each month from Octo- ber 1994 through September 1995.

Recognizing a related need to refine the galleries’ mis- sion statement and set programmatic priorities in a time of diminishing resources, the administration hired a strategic planning firm to help guide the staff and visiting commit- tees in identifying key issues and operating principles, while helping them to set goals, objectives, and tasks for the next five years. A series of workshops and retreats resulted in a newly drafted mission statement. Staff in individual departments are now engaged in discussions as to how departmental goals can further the achievement of the mission.

A project to preserve some of the world’s great art was initi- ated by the government of Japan and private concerns in 1991, and the Freer Gallery was the first institution in the United States to benefit from this effort. By the time the project is completed early in 1996, 40 of the gallery’s masterpieces of Japanese painting, dating from the 12th through the 19th cen-

tury, will have been stabilized, cleaned, and remounted in the traditional format by specialists in Japan.

The Sackler Gallery exhibition “A Basketmaker in Rural Japan” presented the complete repertoire of baskets made by Hiroshima Kazuo (b. 1915) for use in the home, field, and stream during his 64-year career as a bamboo craftsman. The exhibition was the first in the United States to focus on Japanese baskets as objects of use. It exemplified the gallery's efforts to identify works of art with their makers and place them within a cultural context.

The Freer joined the National Gallery of Art and the National Portrait Gallery in presenting a full range of the art of American expatriate James McNeill Whistler. “Whistler and Japan” was the first exhibition at the Freer to focus specifically on the rela- uonship between the Japanese and American painting collec- tions, and it examined Whistler's interest in Japanese art and how it affected his work. The Freer Gallery also cosponsored a Whistler Scholars’ Colloquium with the Centre for Whistler Studies, University of Glasgow. The colloquium was held at the Freer, with an opening reception at the British Embassy.

During a one-day Sackler Gallery symposium, “Saints, Sufis, and Siddhas,” six scholars of art history and religion pre- sented papers examining the significance of the holy person- age, an overarching theme in the South Asian artistic idiom. Sessions devoted to Hindu, Islamic, and Buddhist “saints” were followed by an open discussion. The symposium was made possible by the generosity of Mrs. Archur M. Sackler.

The Sackler and Freer family program ImaginAsia benefited by the addition of a part-time staff member, who expanded these popular activities to complement current exhibitions and devel- oped a variety of related hands-on activities. The public re- sponded enthusiastically and in great numbers to ImaginAsia’s increased frequency and changing themes.

Since the Freer Gallery of Art reopened following renova- tion in 1993, concerts of Asian music and Western chamber music have drawn audiences of music lovers to the grassy plaza at the gallery's north entrance and to the Eugene and Agnes E. Meyer Auditorium inside. Concerts this year fea- tured che music of Partha Chatterjee on the lute-like sitar, ac- companied by Samir Chatterjee on the tab/a. or drums; the music of Afghanistan, North India, and Pakistan as per- formed by Wali Ahmad Raoufi and Broto Roy; the Gudecha brothers; and Shiv Kumar Sharma with Shafaat Ahmed Khan. The Bill and Mary Meyer Concert Series, now in its third year, included six programs of chamber music by such artists as Musicians from Marlboro, Pamela Frank, and the Takacs Quartet. A highlight of the concert by the Shanghai Quartet was the Washington, D.C., premiere of “Song of the Ch'in,” by the contemporary Chinese composer Zhou Long. The Bill and Mary Meyer Concert Series has been established in mem- ory of Dr. Eugene Meyer III and Mary Adelaide Bradley Meyer. It is generously supported by The Island Fund in the New York community Trust and Elizabeth E. Meyer.

The Sackler Gallery sponsored six free public film series fea-

turing recent and classic works from China, Taiwan, Hong

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Kong, Japan, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Philippines, as well as films from the United States about Asia. Advertise- ments for the series appeared in Asian community newspa- pers, and that exposure helped attract large and diverse audiences to the films.

The Freer and Sackler Library began major improvements in public service through an automated cataloging system that includes titles in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Library staff have begun to convert the 57,000-volume card catalogue to the electronic database, which eventually will be accessible by computer worldwide.

Visitors entering the Freer Gallery through the north door can check current exhibitions and the day’s events on two interactive video monitors that were installed this year. Designed by gallery staff and made possible by a generous grant from the Smithson- ian Women’s Committee, the monitors attracted approximately 4,000 visitor queries in the first month of operation.

The director was host of a reception at the Freer Gallery in honor of the visit of the Dalai Lama in September. His Holi- ness toured the Buddhist galleries and addressed guests about the importance of preserving the cultural heritage of Tibet.

“Contemporary Japanese Porcelain,” an exhibition of recent work by living artists, received top honors as Best Overall Ex- hibition in the 1994 Smithsonian Exhibition Awards. “A Mughal Hunt,” which examined the process by which a scholar traces the history of an unidentified work of art, was cited for the excellence of its labels.

The collections management departments of the Sackler and Freer Galleries were combined in a single department under a head registrar, who oversaw the acquisition of 175 works of art through gift, purchase, and transfer to the Sackler Gallery this year. Among the significant gifts were 72 photo- graphs of Asia by Lois Conner; a group of archaic Luristan bronzes; and a fine 14th-century Tibetan Buddhist sculpture, which was purchased by the Friends of Asian Arts and the Smithsonian Collections Acquisition Program.

A highlight among the 18 gifts, purchases, and transfers to the Freer collection this year was the Portrait of Yamamoto Kansuke, a hanging scroll by Gion Seitoku (1781-18297), a Japanese artist known for his religious and historical portraiture, as well as for his paintings of courtesans. The subject of the Freer portrait was the crusted adviser and brilliant military strategist for one of 16th- century Japan's most cunning and powerful warlords. The paint- ing was purchased by Friends of Asian Arts and the Smithsonian Collections Acquisition Program.

Center for Museum Studies

Rex M. Ellis, Director

The Center for Museum Studies (CMS) serves a diverse constit- uency of museum professionals, students, volunteers and cul- tural resource specialist by offering courses, seminars,

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fellowships, internships, information services and professional support. CMS is committed to offering programs and services thar foster excellence, public service and diversity within the

museum community.

1995 marked a year of change, new beginnings and in- creased private support for the center. In 1995, the Office of Museum Programs changed its name to the Center for Mu- seum Studies. The new name more accurately reflects the mis- sion and function of the office and more clearly aligns with what the museum community has come to accept as the termi- nology defining museum operations. The office mission has always been, primarily, to support external museums and mu- seum staff by providing training, information and professional support in museum operations. The name change will help to accomplish this more effectively as the office seeks to broaden service to a national constituency. The new name also more clearly facilitates and accommodates efforts to build networks with the many colleges and universities that offer courses and degrees in museum studies.

The center began two programs in 1995: a new workshop series and the Museum Intern Partnership Program.

Under the direction of Nancy Fuller, Research Manager, the center developed a new workshop series designed primar- ily to meet the needs of staff working in small, emerging, mi- nority and rural museums. The center's objective in offering the new workshop series (Introduction to Public Program- ming, December 5-9; Introduction to Museum Management and Operations, January 23-27; Introduction to Exhibition De- sign and Production, March 6-10; and Introduction to Manag- ing Museum Collections, April 24-28) was to help museums attain effective levels of professional operation to better serve their communities. Class size was intentionally limited to bet- ter meet the individual needs of the participants.

The center also introduced the Museum Intern Partnership Program, under the direction of Bruce Craig, Communication Manager, and Bob Kidd, Museum Program Specialist. Given the size and scope of the Smithsonian, most of the Institution's interns do not get a museum experience compara- ble to the vast majority of museums in the United States. The Museum Intern Partnership Program provides a complimen- tary internship at a Smithsonian museum or office and at a smaller, community-focused museum. The program gives se- lected interns a well-rounded experience, provides a mecha- nism for Smithsonian staff to work closely with colleagues in other institutions and broadens the dissemination of Smithsonian resources. Three outstanding individuals were se- lected for the first year of the program, funded by a grant from the Smithsonian's Educational Outreach fund and pro- grams funds in the Center for Museum Studies. Partnerships took place at: National African American Museum Project, Washington, DC, and Museum of African Art, Tampa, FL; Anacostia Museum, Washington, DC, and the Motown His- torical Museum, Detroit, MI; and the National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC, and the Institute of Ameri- can Indian Arts, Santa Fe, NM. In April, at the end of the pro-

gram, the three interns returned to the Smithsonian and led a half-day workshop on museum programming with students from the Duke Ellington High School for the Performing Arts.

The center's fundraising efforts were recently given a boost by two generous donations which will support intern and fel- lowship programming. In March 1995, Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Welters made a generous contribution of $150,000 to estab- lish the Vincent Wilkinson Endowment Fund, within the Smithsonian Fund for the Future, in memory of Mrs. Welters’ father. The Wilkinson Endowment Fund will provide support for African American undergraduate students to participate in the Museum Intern Partnership Program. Interns supported by this fund will be known as the Vincent Wilkinson Interns. This generous contribution has also attracted the attention of other donors. At the end of the year staff were working to se- cure an endowment which would fund Latino/a students in the Museum Intern Partnership Program as well.

The center's Fellowships in Museum Practice program re- ceived a pledged endowment of $150,000 from the Smithson- ian Women's Committee, in celebration of the upcoming 15oth anniversary of the Institution. This program was created in 1992 with an endowment of $100,000 from the Smithson- ian Women’s Committee, given in honor of their 25th anniver- sary, and remains the only activity at the Smithsonian funded by an endowment from that committee. Under the direction of Nancy Fuller, four fellows are selected each year to do re- search at the Smithsonian on museum issues. Fellows in 1995 were:

D. Lynn McRainey, Associate Educator for Museum Pro- grams, Chicago Historical Society. Project title: “Interpreting History Through Interactive Experiences.” Project sponsor: Nancy McCoy, Director, Division of Education, National Mu- seum of American History.

Helen Glazer, Exhibitions Director and Collections Coordi- nator, Goucher College.” Project title: “In Quest of Myth: A Prototype Multi-Museum Tour at the Smithsonian.” Project sponsor: Zahara Doering, Director, Institutional Studies, Smithsonian Institution.

Nigel Holman, Executive Director, A:ishi A:wan Museum and Heritage Center, Pueblo of Zuni. Project title: “Debating the Curation and Use of Historic Photographs in Museums and Archives.” Project sponsors: Eulalie Bonar, Assistant Cura- tor, and George Horse Capture, Deputy Assistant for Cultural Resources, National Museum of the American Indian.

Teresa Morales, Coordinator, Programa de Museos Com- unitarios y Ecomuseos, Oaxaca, Mexico. Project title: “Cul- tural Appropriation and Community Museums.” Project sponsor: Nancy Fuller, Research Program Manager, Center for Museum Studies. Project advisors: William Merrill and Christine Kreamer, Curators for Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History.

The center continued its strong commitment Co increasing cultural diversity in the museum workforce through work- shops and technical assistance offered by the American Indian

Museum Studies Program, the Awards for Museum Leader- ship and the Latino Graduate Training Seminar.

In addition to offering workshops in cultural program- ming, collections management, archival methods and living history programs, Karen Cooper, Program Manager of the American Indian Museum Studies program, launched a new publication series in October: Perspectives, a series of technical pamphlets directed specifically for use in American Indian cultural centers. The first two pamphlets were Travelling Exhi- bitions for Tribal Museums and Cultural Centers and Tribal Collec- tions Management at the Makah Cultural and Research Center. The program also produced a directory of all participants since its inception in 1991; a “Bibliography of Current Museum-Oriented Writings on Native American Topics;” and developed resource lists on “Membership Organizations of Interest to Tribal Museums,” “Training for Museum Ca- reers,” and “Funding Sources for American Indian, Alaska and Hawaii Museums and Cultural Centers.”

The Awards for Museum Leadership, held this year July 17A 21 under the direction of Bob Kidd, featured innovative topics and speakers. The program objectives were to broaden partici- pant perspectives on diversity issues in museums; explore technological, social, political and economic challenges in the museum profession; strengthen team-building skills and problem-solving capabilities; and create a supportive climate in which to nurture new networks of expertise and collabora- tion. Fifteen individuals participated in the program, reflect- ing a diverse range of ethnic backgrounds, geographic locations, career paths, educational backgrounds and insti- tutional/organizational sizes. Rennie Saunders, an indepen- denc human resource consultant and trainer, led a very successful session on Team Building and Dynamics of Teamwork. Another highlight of this year’s program was a Leadership Development seminar facilitated by Myra King, Assistant Professor at Montgomery College; Jane Delgado, Executive Director, The Bronx Museum of the Arts; and Elaine Heumann Gurian, former deputy director of the U.S. Holocaust Museum.

With the Inter-University Program for Latino Research, the Center for Museum Studies sponsored the second annual Latino Graduate Training Seminar in Qualitative Methodol- ogy. Fifteen doctoral candidates participated in “Interpreting Latino Cultures: Research and Museums,” June 19-30. Magda- lena Mieri, Museum Programs Specialist at the center, served as a coordinator for the program. As the Smithsonian moves forward with plans to expand staffing and programming re- lated to Latino history and culture, this program represents an important milestone toward increasing the pool of Latino curators and museum professionals. The program challenges students to develop strong research skills while exploring is- sues of interpretation and representation of cultural materials and traditions in museums. The program also offers students an opportunity to forge relationships with a community of scholars, curators and archivists who are often not available at

their home institutions.

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Wich funding from the Smithsonian Institution's Latino Initiative Pool, the center created a new fellowship program, the Latino Graduate School Fellowship, under the direction of Magdalena Mieri. The goal of the program 1s to support the scholarly development and research interests of Latino gradu- ate students, to expose them to the resources available at the Smithsonian and to introduce them to museum operations. The program emerged as a result of issues raised during the Latino Graduate Training Seminar and a desire to extend the length of time Latino scholars could conduct research at the Smithsonian. Five outstanding Latino/a Ph.D. candidates, chosen from among participants in both the 1994 and 1995 seminars, were elected to begin research at the Smithsonian in Fiscal Year 1996.

Responsibility for central intern services at the Institution is a major function at the center. During 1995 both Sarah Lan- don, Intern Services Coordinator, and Rebecca Culpepper, In- tern Services Assistant, left the center and were replaced respectively by Elena Piquer Mayberry and Allison Wickens. Intern Services at the center provides a weekly orientation to new Smithsonian interns as well as special programs, tours and discussions. The center also offers an annual Museum Ca- reers Seminar, held this year July 5-26. This four-part program explored museum practice and functions, the types of posi- tions available within the museum field, career guidance and advice. Through programming and counseling, Intern Ser- vices insures that all interns have access to, and use, the unique resources of the Smithsonian to explore the many fac- ets of museum work.

In 1995 the center moved closer to providing comprehens- ive electronic outreach information to the museum commu- nity and beyond. Staff and volunteers began cataloging citations to the American Association of Museums annual meeting audio-tapes which will be added to the Museum Studies Database, accessible through the Smithsonian Institu- tion Research Information System (SIRIS). The center also es- tablished a “home page” on the Smithsonian's web site. The page includes program information and listings of resources available from the center. Several web users have already downloaded and sent to the office the Application for Smithsonian Internships which is posted in the Intern Ser- vices area. The center has also drafted out subject area and services to be placed on Smithsonian On-Line, the on-line information area of America On-Line in early Fiscal Year 1996. Increasing access to our materials as well as provid- ing information to the general public about museums, mu- seum careers and museum issues will guide the design of the center's web page. Discussions among staff continue about use of the internet to deliver training as well as the feasibility of tele-conferencing segments of our worskhops and seminars.

The center begins 1996, and the Isoth anniversary of the Smithsonian, with excitement and a deep commitment to con- tinue servicing and promoting excellence and equity in the

museum community as well as in its daily operations.

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Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

Dianne H. Pilgrim, Director

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum seeks to enrich the lives of all people by exploring the creation and consequences of the designed environment. The National Design Museum is one of the largest repositories of design in the world, and the only museum in the United States devoted exclusively to historical and contemporary design. Four curatorial depart- ments, Drawings and Prints, Decorative Arts, Textiles, and Wallcoverings, care for, interpret, and add to the Museum's collection of nearly a quarter of a million objects. The Mu- seum also houses a Department of Contemporary Design, an outstanding reference library, extensive archival material on American industrial design, an African-American Design Archive and a newly established Latino Design Archive.

During 1995, construction began on the Museum's major capital renovation and accessibility project. The project will accomplish several goals: create storage/study centers for the Museum's collections, improve conservation of the collections, and make the entire Museum facility—Mansion, Miller and Fox Houses, and the Arthur Ross Terrace and Garden—com- pletely accessible. Approved by the New York City Land- marks Commission and the New York State Historic Preservation Trust, the design by the architectural firm of Polshek and Partners is already being hailed as a model for providing accessibiliry in a historic landmark building.

In December of 1994, partial funding of $13 million for the $20 million project was approved by the Smithsonian. The Museum has worked during the past year to secure the addi- uonal $7 million needed to complete the project as originally planned. In less than one year, the Museum has secured pledges and gifts of cash and securities totaling $3.7 million. This figure includes a $2 million donation from Agnes Bourne, a San Francisco-based furniture and interior designer and her husband, Dr. James Luebbers. They sold their land- mark mansion, Stonehouse, and donated $2 million from the proceeds to the National Design Museum. The Museum has used the $3.7 million to restore elements of the project to the construction schedule that had been previously eliminated because of cost.

In order to ensure the safety of both the public and the col- lections, the Museum suspended exhibitions for the duration of the renovation project. The galleries closed in August 1995 and will reopen in the fall of 1996 with the major exhibition, Mixing Messages: Graphic Design in Contemporary Culture, spon- sored by the Mead Corporation. While the galleries are closed, the Museum will continue to offer a wide range of innovative educational programs and the Museums library of 56,000 vol- umes and extensive archives are available by appointment. Also, the Museum is collaborating with several outside organi- zations on off-site exhibitions. Six Bridges: The Making of the New York Megalopolis, a collaborative effort of the National De-

sign Museum and the PaineWebber Art Gallery, will be shown at the PaineWebber Art Gallery from January 25 to April 19, 1996. The Museum 1s consulting with the Central Park Conservancy on Help Design Frederick Douglass Circle, an exhibition of the different designs submitted for improve- ment of the Frederick Douglass Circle area. It will be on dis- play from March 28 to June 2, 1996 in Central Park.

Avant-garde Letterhead, an exhibition of letterheads de- signed between 1909 and 1950, will open at the American In- stitute of Graphic Artists’ gallery in March or April 1996. The exhibition is curated by Ellen Lupton, the Museum’s Curator of Contemporary Design. In addition, the Museum is plan- ning an exhibition on swings to be displayed in the Arthur Ross Terrace and Garden in the summer of 1996.

Before the gallery doors closed, the National Design Mu- seum presented a full roster of the innovative and creative ex- hibitions that have become the Museum's trademark. Exhibitions on the evolution of the workplace, Dutch Modern- ism and the applied arts from 1880 to 1930, the work of graphic designer Elaine Lustig Cohen, jewelry and accessories from the Museum's collection, a review of 1950's wallpaper and analysis of an 18th-century bedcover were all on view at the National Design Museum during 1995.

The Museum created a Marketing Committee to help main- tain the Museum's momentum and public profile during the renovation project and to plan activities to celebrate the Museum's Centennial in 1997. The Committee consists of our- side professionals and several members of the Board of Trust- ees. The Committee is also involved in the creation of a National Design Awards program. These awards will give the Museum the opportunity to highlight the best work of the de- sign world and reward designers and companies for their cre- ativity and problem solving.

The National Design Museum's work was honored this past year with seven Federal Design Achievement Awards for the exhibitions The Cooper-Hewitt Collections: A Design Resource; Mechanical Brides: Women and Machines from Home to Office; Packaging the New: Design and the American Consumer 1925-1975; The Power of Maps; Revolution, Life and Labor: Soviet Porcelain (1918-1985); and A Royal Gift: The 1826 Porcelain Jewel Cabinet and The Edge of the Millennium, a collection of essays by design- ers and scholars. In a competition involving more than 400 entries from 75 government agencies and departments, 77 fed- eral projects were chosen to receive Federal Design Achieve- ment Awards for superiority in design. The ceremony for the Northeast recipients of Federal Design Achievement Awards was held at the National Design Museum on July 14, 1995 and was hosted by National Endowment for the Arts’ Chairperson Jane Alexander. A small number of winning projects were then chosen to receive Presidential Design Awards. In recogni- tion of the high caliber of the National Design Museum's seven winning projects, the Museum will receive one Presi- dential Design award for all seven projects.

The Museum's new graphic identity program, created by Drenttel Doyle Partners, continues to be honored by the

graphic design field. In 1995, the Museum received a 1995 Dis- tinctive Merit Award for Environmental Graphics and a 1995 Merit Award for the Identity Program from the Art Director's Club and a Citation for Typographic Excellence from the Type Director's Club.

The National Design Museum received a $98,000 grant from the Smithsonian Institution to support the Institution's efforts to increase its Latino audience and expand its coverage of Latino contributions to history, art, and science. The Na- tional Design Museum is using this grant to support educa- tional programs, exhibition development and the establishment of a Latino archive.

The historical importance of the National Design Museum's collections was demonstrated when the Museum was asked to work with the restoration committee on the re- furbishing of the Blue Room at the White House. Assistant Curator for Wallcoverings, Joanne Warner, worked with a committee of historians, curators, and designers to select the wallcoverings for the room. The Blue Room wallcoverings are now complemented by borders adapted from two early nineteenth-century French papers found in Cooper-Hewitr, National Design Museum's collection.

During 1995 the Education Department of the National Design Museum continued to offer exciting and imaginative educational programs. The National Design Museum and The Board of Education of the City of New York, Division of School Facilities co-sponsored the second annual Summer De- sign Institute in July. This year's program, attended by over one hundred public school teachers, focused on technology and education. The Summer Design Institute was one of many innovative workshops for educators and school pro- grams presented by the National Design Museum including “A City of Neighborhoods,” “Studio After School,” “Design Career Days,” and “Les Journées des Artisans.”

In addition to achieving many noteworthy goals in 1995, the Museum continued work on several important long-term projects including major exhibitions on the North American city, universal design, and sports. The Museum is also devel- oping an exhibition, a triennial, that focuses on the best of the design world.

Design and its impact on individuals, societies and the planet are critical issues for the present and the future. Cooper- Hewitt, National Design Museum is in an unique position to help the public gain a better understanding of design and

learn to use design to create a better world.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden reached its 2oth anniversary as the Smithsonian Institution's showcase for modern and contemporary art in October 1994. Today, as in 1974, the Museum remains committed to increasing the

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awareness and understanding of art through acquisitions, exhi- bitions and publications, research activities, innovative public programs, and the presentation of the collection in its galler- ies and outdoor exhibition spaces. The museum provides a public facility for the exhibition, study, and preservation of 19th- and 2oth-century art while presenting a spectrum of con- temporary work.

With the help of various acquisition funds, as well as gifts from generous donors, the museum continued to acquire sig- nificant works by modern and contemporary artists, among them Chuck Close’s painting Roy II (1994), Agnes Martin's canvas Untitled #11 (1984), Ana Mendieta’s earth sculpture Un- titled (1984), Roberto Marquez's painting Theater of the World (1988), Juan Mufioz's bronze Conversation Piece (1994-95), and Andy Warhol's silkscreen Se/f-Portrait (1986). One acquisition thac proved particularly popular after its installation on the Sculpture Plaza was Barry Flanagan's eight-foot-high bronze Drummer (1989-90), a whimsical representation of a standing hare banging a drum.

The 2.7-acre Hirshhorn Museum plaza won a 1995 Federal Design Achievement Award on May 24, 1995. The renovation and landscaping project by James Urban Associates of Annap- olis, Maryland, introduced trees, accessibility features, areas of lawn, and granite flooring to the plaza. Finished in 1993, it was among 77 designs chosen from more than 400 federal pro- jects completed between 1984 and 1994.

The Hirshhorn’s exhibition program highlighted contem- porary artists with growing international reputations. Open- ing on November 3, 1994 (and continuing through January 29, 1995) was the first East Coast showing of “Bruce Nau- man,” a 30-year retrospective of some 60 works by this cele- brated American artist (b. 1941) that toured from Madrid, Minneapolis, and Los Angeles and was bound for New York and Zurich. Organized by the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis in association with the Hirshhorn, the exhibition included sculpture, photographs, drawings, films, architec- tural environments, holograms, and high-intensity video, neon, and voice installations.

The challenging nature of the exhibition spurred in-depth public programming. “Floating” docents and an “advice cen- ter” encouraged visitors to articulate and discuss their re- sponses. “Young at Art” programs on November 19 and December Io focused on a shadow-puppet piece. Four champi- ons of Nauman’s art debated his reputation in a December 14 panel titled “Nauman Then and Now,” and programs of music (by the zoth Century Consort) and film echoed Nauman’s influences. In addition, the second annual Mordes Lecture in Contemporary Art, sponsored by collectors Dr. Mar- vin and Elayne Mordes of Baltimore, brought the renowned New York-based critic Peter Schjeldahl to the Hirshhorn on December 4 to discuss Nauman’s achievement. Publications accompanying the exhibition included a free gallery handout and a 215-page, richly illustrated softcover catalogue by exhibi- tion co-curators Neal Benezra, Director of Public Programs and Chief Curator at the Hirshhorn, and Kathy Halbreich, Di-

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rector of the Walker, plus two guest essays. A 392-page hard- cover edition featured a catalogue raisonné. Support for the Washington presentation of “Bruce Nauman” was provided by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Lehrman and the Lannan Foundation.

After the Nauman show closed, large-scale exhibitions at the Hirshhorn ceased for nearly four months to allow for ex- tensive renovations to the second floor. The schedule resumed from June 14 to September Io, 1995, with “Sean Scully: Twenty Years, 1976-1995,” which launched its international tour at the Hirshhorn. Organized by former Hirshhorn Chief Curator Ned Rifkin, now Director of the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, the retrospective charted the evocative abstract imagery of this Irish-born American artist (b. 1945) with more than 60 paintings and works on paper. After its Washington showing, it traveled to the High Museum, the organizing in- stitution (October 10, 1995-January 7, 1996), and then to Bar- celona, Dublin, and Frankfurt. Public programs included “Sean Scully: A Dialogue,” a slide-illustrated conversation be- tween Rifkin and the artist on June 14; “Summer Abstrac- tions,” a “Young at Arc” family workshop to make geometric images, on July 15; and a 40-minute interview video in the Orientation Theater. A fully illustrated, three-essay, 160-page catalogue was published by Thames and Hudson.

The Directions series of one-gallery shows during the year offered three distinct installments underscoring the vitality of contemporary art. “Directions—Gary Simmons,” presented November 17 to February 12, 1994, featured cartoon-derived chalk images on ten panels and a 10-by-37-foot gallery wall created by this New York-based artist (b. 1964). The drawings on green or black chalkboard-like surfaces—half-erased, frag- mentary, or in motion—showed images and objects gleaned mostly from cartoons of the 1930s and 1940s starring Bosko, a now-largely-forgotten, race-specific character. The exhibition, organized by Assistant Curator Amada Cruz, marked the sec- ond solo show in a museum for Simmons.

“Directions—Cindy Sherman: Film Stills,” presented March 15 to June 25, 1995, marked the first complete showing of a formative series for this New York-based artist (b. 1954) known for her evocatively staged, self-posed photographs. The 69 black-and-white photographs of 1977-80, echoing the at- mosphere and imagery of American and European movies from the late 1940s through early 1960s, featured an imagin- ary woman—always the artist herself, in make-up and costume—variously displaying vulnerability, anxiety, self- consciousness, or fear. The exhibition, organized by Associate Curator Phyllis Rosenzweig, was accompanied by a free bro- chure illustrating the entire series in contact-sheet format.

“Directions—Martin Kippenberger: Works on Paper,” pre- sented from July 20 through October 22, 1995, featured more than 50 drawings on hotel stationery and collages by this Ger- man artist (b. 1954) dating from the 1980s and 1990s. Statio- nery mostly from European hotels showed a colorful pastiche of styles, figures, portraits, images of objects, imaginary scenes, and references to high art and pop culture. The nine collages on view superimposed photographic and text frag-

ments from magazines and tabloids. The exhibition, organ- ized by Frank Gettings, the Hirshhorn’s Curator of Prints and Drawings, marked the first solo show in Washington for Kippenberger, a highly visible participant in Germany's art scene, and one of his few ever in an American museum. It was accompanied by a free, illustrated brochure.

Public programs were planned for all three Directions exhi- bitions, drawing enthusiastic response. On January 20, 1995, Simmons joined cultural critic Gina Dent for “Cartoons, Pop- ular Images and Culture,” an on-stage dialogue and screening of “Bosko” cartoon excerpts. Also in conjunction with the Simmons show, a Young at Art family workshop on February I inspired children to make “Chalkboard Expressions” in tan- dem with African American folktales. Sherman's “film stills” inspired a film-noir festival in March, a class photography project and exhibition in May with the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Washington, D.C., a technical lecture on film stills on April 26 by local photographer Dirck Halstead, and a “Young at Art” photo-collage workshop on March 18.

The Hirshhorn continued its “Collection Reviewed” pro- gram sponsored by the Smithsonian's Special Exhibition Fund. Two artists represented in the permanent collection, Robert Colescott of New Mexico and Juliao Sarmento of Lis- bon, Portugal, spoke in slide-illustrated public lectures on April 12 and May 17, with Sarmento’s appearance receiving additional support from the Luso-American Development Foundation. The program also featured “The Collection in Context: Thomas Eakins’s Portrait of Frank Hamilton Cush- ing” opening June 30, 1995 (and continuing through January 7, 1996). Organized by Associate Curator Phyllis Rosenzweig, the innovative one-gallery presentation explored the context and creation of an American realist’s portrayal, 100 years ago, of a Smithsonian ethnologist famed for his research at Zuni Pueblo. The 1895 portrait was lent by the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Supplementing studies for the work owned by the Hirshhorn, loans came from the Smithsonian's National Anthropological Archives, National Portrait Gallery, and Library of the Na- tional Museum of American Art and the National Portrait Gallery.

“First Fridays: Gallery Talks,” a program of informal monthly gallery talks by staff, was inaugurated in April 1995 with a discussion by Associate Curator Phyllis Rosenzweig on a Louise Bourgeois sculpture, followed by conservators Lee Aks and Clarke Bedford ona sculpture by Anish Kapoor; Chief Curator/Director of Public Programs Neal Benezra and Chief Conservator Lawrence Hoffman on a painting by Ger- hard Richter; and Research Assistant Anne-Louise Marquis, Curator of Sculpture Valerie Fletcher, and Education Special- ist Teresia Bush on works by Jan Vercruysse, Alberto Giacometti, and Anselm Kiefer, respectively.

Eight “Young at Art” family programs enthralled more than 160 six-to-eleven year olds and their parents with tours

of a temporary exhibition or the permanent collection fol-

lowed by hands-on art projects. Some workshops focused on sculpture: the first, on May 6, 1995, helped children with vi- sual impairments experience works of art, and the second on June Io, featured a sculpture-inspired dance-movement work- shop conducted in the Sculpture Garden. Meanwhile, more than 22,000 people attended free film programs from late Sep- tember 1994 through May 1995 featuring cutting-edge interna- tional independent cinema, documentaries on contemporary artists, and family-oriented animation. Among the highlights were the one-time-only American showing of British filmma- ker Peter Greenaway’s Baby of Macon on October 27 and 28, 1994; the world premiere of A Jury of Her Peers, a drama by local filmmaker Edgar Davis, on February 2 and 3, 1995; and Germany Year 90 Nine Zero, a new feature by French New Wave veteran Jean-Luc Godard on June 8 and 9.

Staff changes included the retirement of Edward P. Lawson, Education Chief since 1973, and the appointment in May 1995 of Olga Viso, previously with the Norton Museum of Art in West Palm Beach, Florida, as Assistant Curator. Viso replaced Amada Cruz, who joined the staff of the Museum of Contem- porary Art in Chicago.

A major exhibition introduced Asian audiences to the Hirshhorn’s sculpture collection. “The Human Figure Inter- preted: Modern Sculpture from the Hirshhorn Museum” was presented March 24-May 28, 1995, at the Taipei Fine Arts Mu- seum in Taiwan, accompanied by a bilingual catalogue in Chinese/English by Curator of Sculpture Valerie Fleccher, who organized the show. The largest presentation of sculpture from the Hirshhorn ever sent overseas featured some 60 works by Edgar Degas, Henri Matisse, Alexander Archipenko, Al- berto Giacometti, Henry Moore, and Marino Marini. After Taiwan, the exhibition was expanded to include works by Au- guste Rodin and Jacques Lipchitz and then toured Japan ac- companied by a Japanese/English catalogue. The tour, supported by the Tokyo-based Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper chain, included the Shiga Museum of Modern Art in Orsu (July 1-August 6, 1995), the Odakyu Art Museum in Tokyo (August 9-27, 1995), the Iwaki City Arc Museum (September 23-November 5, 1995) and the Takamatsu Municipal Museum of Art (November 10-December 10, 1995).

Art historical research on objects in the permanent collec- tion continued as museum staff reactivated the Artist's Object Record program documenting each work of art. Information was obtained directly from 24 living artists. In other areas, in- depth research on British sculptor Henry Moore was con- ducted by Curator of Sculpture Valerie Fletcher as a Visiting Scholar to the Henry Moore Foundation in Much Hadham, England.

The curatorial staff continued researching contemporary art by jurying shows, serving on panels, consulting or lectur- ing, and traveling abroad to visit galleries, studios, and col- leagues on several continents. In addition, the six curators kept current on the broad scope of modern and contemporary art through periodicals, catalogues, monographs, and inter-

changes with artists and fellow curators. Finally, curatorial

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staff members carried forward their writing on selected works from the collection for a major book to be published in 1996.

Institutional Studies Office

Zahava D. Doering, Director

The Institutional Studies Office (ISO) is a pan-Institutional resource for the scientific study of the characteristics, attitudes, opinions and experiences of Smithsonian constituen- cies. The small staff includes professionals with expertise in so- ciology, demography, research methods, survey statistics, and a variety of quantitative and qualitative data analysis and eval- uation techniques.

Since its founding in 1987, ISO has conducted studies and applied research for Smithsonian administrators, curators and programmatic staff. Areas of investigation include audience and membership profiles, background studies and assessments of SI exhibitions and public programs, and ongoing analyses of employee composition. For each study, ISO is responsible for all aspects of study or survey design, implementation of data collection, analysis and report writing. Institutional cli- ents are asked to assume the costs of data collection and data entry. In addition, the office provides some technical consulta- tion to cultural organizations throughout the country and pro- fessional review of applied research conducted for them. The staff is also available, on a limited basis, to conduct seminars in various aspects of applied quantitative and qualitative re- search and program evaluation.

The results of ISO studies are disseminated in several for- mats. The major vehicle is a Report series; analyses include technical appendices which both document the work and can be used as methodological models. The Reports are distrib- uted both within and outside of SI. Results are also presented at professional meetings or in journal publications. (For exam- ple, a presentation at the American Association of Museums 1995 Annual Meeting, Who Attends Our Cultural Institutions? summarized national museum attendance.) Research Notes have a more limited distribution, either because of the subject matter or because the results are not generalizable. (For exam- ple, a Research Note (RN 95-3) Cognitive Development of SEEC Pre-School Students: Preliminary Results is based on a longitudi- nal study of students in the Smithsonian Early Enrichment Center; Research Note 95-2, 1994-95 National Museum of Ameri- can History (NMAH) Visitor Survey, Overview: October to December 1994, is based on only a few months of data collection from a year-long study.) Finally, to ensure that clients have timely ac- cess to results while more formal documents are prepared, memoranda are prepared for internal use.

The Office's 1994-95 activities included:

e Application of ISO-developed methodological and statisti-

cal innovations in sampling and interviewing museum au-

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diences (e.g. in studies of the characteristics, attitudes and

behavior of visitors to NASM, NMNH, NMAH and the

Freer-Sackler). These innovations are increasingly being

used as models elsewhere in the country.

e Assessments of major exhibitions, including profiles of visi- tors and analyses of their behavior and learning experiences (e.g., Science in American Life at NMAH, Star Trek at NASM).

e Planning studies that determine the attitudes and expecta- tions of prospective visitors in advance of major exhibition projects (e.g., the National Museum of the American In- dian).

© Providing statistical information on Smithsonian constitu- encies for bureau and office development staffs and pro- gram personnel (e.g., data gathered from various ISO studies is being used in the planning for the NASM Exten- sion at Dulles Airport).

e All of the statistical analyses used by the Institution to meet its labor force reporting requirements to the Regents, the Congress and other federal agencies.

e Sraristical, methodological, and analytical advice for units conducting their own studies or applying for grants which have evaluation components (e.g., OESE’s and OFG's inter- nal studies).

As part of an on-going efforts to understand Smithsonian constituencies, three studies were completed (one based on ad- ministrative data, two based on personal interviews), and data collection completed for several new efforts. The first, 1994 Visits to Smithsonian Museums, conducted in collaboration with the Office of Public Affairs (OPA), analyzed the visit statistics collected routinely by the Office of Protection Services (Re- port 95-1). The second was Ar and Space Encounters: A Report Based on the 1994 National Air and Space Museum Visitor Survey (Report 95-4). The study, a follow-up to a study conducted in 1988, was based on interviews with 2,975 visitors. They were asked about their background, their experience of Washington and the Mall, and their attitudes and expectations of NASM.

Data collection was also completed and a report issued based on a year-long study of the National Museum of Natu- ral History (NMNH). This is the first comprehensive study of visitors’ characteristics and experiences at NMNH (Beyond the Elephant: A Report based on the 1994-95 National Museum of Natural History Visitor Survey (Report 95-6)).

Throughout the year, data collection took place at the Freer Gallery of Art (Freer) and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery (Sackler), and at the National Museum of American History. Analyses and reports are scheduled for FY96. From October 1994 through September 1995, 2500 visitors were interviewed as they exited the Freer and Sackler galleries. During the same time period, a total of about 5300 visitors were interviewed at NMAH using a questionnaire similar to those developed for NMNH and NASM. Data from these year-long studies, in combination with data from NASM and NMNH, and the re- sultant analyses, provide a wealth of consistent data about major Smithsonian museums.

Two major studies continued ISO efforts to understand the congruence between the intentions of exhibition creators and the responses of the visiting public to exhibitions. The Sczence and American Life (SAL) Study at the National Museum of American History (NMAH) was completed. Data were col- lected at the exhibition and the associated Hands On Science Center. Entrance and exit surveys were conducted with about 800 visitors to determine if any attitudinal changes resulted from a visit to the exhibition. In addition, the behavior of 160 visitors in the exhibition was systematically observed to un- derstand the importance of exhibition elements and their use (e.g., use of interactives). NMAH will use the analysis and ob- servations as part of an effort to improve the visitors’ experi- ence in SAL as well as to respond to questions about its communication effectiveness.

A comprehensive assessment of the Ocean Planet exhibition, on view at NMNH prior to a national tour, was designed dur- ing FY95 and includes entrance and exit interviews and an ob- servation study. Data were collected from visitors in August 1995; in October 1995, data collection from visitors will be completed.

In sum, as described here and in our publication listing, Fiscal Year 1995 has seen continued use, at SI and elsewhere, of ISO's technical expertise and utilization of the results accu- mulated since its establishment.

National Air and Space Museum

Robert S. Hoffmann, Acting Director

The past year was an especially challenging one for the Na- tional Air and Space Museum. The museum's efforts to mount a complex exhibition about the end of World War II, featur- ing the Boeing B-29 Superfortress “Enola Gay,” elicited con- siderable debate. Meanwhile, the museum expanded its educational offerings, continued to move forward on plans for the much-needed facility at Washington Dulles International Airport, and launched a contributing membership program. As the year drew to a close, the museum staff was putting the finishing touches on a schedule of exhibitions and public programs that promise to make 1996, the twentieth anniver- sary of the public opening of the world’s most visited mu-

seum, a memorable and exciting year.

New Programs, Initiatives

The National Air and Space Society, an individual member- ship program designed to raise capital funds for the building of the NASM Dulles Center as well as to support the Museum's restoration and preservation projects and educa- tional programs, was established in June, 1995. At the end of the fiscal year, the society had more than 2,000 contributing

members.

The Office of Development expanded to include both a for- mal Planned Giving program and a Marketing Office. The museum's Special Events Office coordinated 135 events during FY 1995. Gift-related events generated more than $450,000 in unrestricted funds, one of the highest totals ever received by NASM.

In May 1995, the NASM home page went online on the Worldwide Web. Supported by a grant from NASA, the museum's Center for Earth and Planetary Studies (CEPS) and the Education Services Department are developing online ma- terials and educational activities. The grant is also supporting development of electronic versions of “Exploring the Planets” and “Looking at Earth” galleries. Educational programs, se- lected curricula, schedules, and interactive opportunities are now presented through colorful, informative sites. Via a gift from NASA, a collaboration was formed with NASM, the University of California at Berkeley, Smithsonian Astro- physical Observatory, the Lawrence Hall of Science, the New York Hall of Science, the Exploratorium, the Adler Planetar- ium, and the Virginia Museum of Science to create curricula and activities for the Internet. An on-line station was added to the museum's Teacher Resource Center to allow access to the materials from within the museum as well.

To make our large-screen IMAX films more accessible to visitors, NASM has installed the world’s first closed-caption system for a motion picture theater. Captioning is available for up to 12 individuals at a time during all regular daytime features. A new box office is credited with boosting atten-

dance at the Einstein Planetarium.

Exhibitions

Two exhibitions dominated the museum’s FY 1995 agenda. The first, “The Last Act: The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II,” demonstrated the challenges museums can face when attempting to display potentially controversial arti- facts and research. While “The Last Act” was cancelled by Sec- retary Heyman several months before its scheduled opening, the controversy surrounding the exhibition served as a catalyst for constructive discussions regarding exhibition development and guidelines.

The cancelled exhibition was replaced with “Enola Gay,” an exhibition focusing on the aircraft itself; the men who flew it; and the efforts of museum staff and volunteers to restore it. More than a quarter of a million visitors passed through the “Enola Gay” exhibit in its first three months.

“Building the Arsenal of Democracy: World War II Photo- graphs from the National Air and Space Archives” opened in March 1995. The 47 photographs in the exhibition illustrate the changes brought about by the combined efforts of mili- tary personnel and private citizens, working not only to sup- port those on the front lines, but also to protect the United States from attack.

A Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat was the third and final aircraft in the museum's “Air Power in World War II” series. “Hell- cat” opened in April 1995 and provided visitors with the op-

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portunity to learn about the premiere carrier-based fighter of World War II.

“Flights of Fancy: Photographs by Jacques-Henri Lartigue, 1904-1922,” opened in September 1995. In 1904, at the age of eight, Lartigue photographed the first glider flight by French aviator Gabriel Voisin. By the age of 15, he had taken more than 1,000 photographs of early aviators and flying machines. This temporary exhibition features 84 prints.

A light-hearted look at one of America’s best-known toys, “Flight Time Barbie: Dolls from the Popular Culture Collec- tion of the National Air and Space Museum” was on display from June 9 through Sept. 4, 1995. Fifty-six space- and avia- tion-related toys, including 15 Barbie dolls, 19 other Mattel personalities, outfits and playsets, were included in the sum- mertime display.

The first in a series of major updates to the “Exploring the Planets” gallery were made in 1995. A “What's New” unit will highlight the Galileo Mission to Jupiter. It has been designed to allow for quick updates as new images and data become available. A unique, state-of-the-art 10’ X 10’ global color mo- saic of Venus generated for NASM at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory using images returned by the Magellan spacecraft has been installed over the gallery’s entrance.

Publications and Research

Retired Vice Admiral Donald Engen, U.S. Navy, is the museum's Dewitt C. Ramsey Chair for Naval Aviation His- tory. During his tenure as Ramsey Fellow, Admiral Engen is writing a book on the development of naval aviation from World War II through the 1980s.

Von Hardesty, of the Department of Aeronautics, was cho- sen as a Regents Publication Fellow for 1994-1995. He 1s the editor of the Smithsonian History of Aviation Book Series. The series, now in its seventh year, has a total of 26 publica- tions.

Treasures of the National Air and Space Museum, a small- format (4X4-1/2 in) picture book published in September, fea- tures more than 280 artifacts from the Museum's aeronautics and space collection. Published in April 1995, Aviation: A Smithsonian Guide and Spaceflight: A Smithsonian Guide, explore the technological and human achievements of aviation and space flight. A third book in this series, “Planets: A Smithson- ian Guide” was completed.

Tom Crouch, chairman of the Department of Aeronautics, completed an essay, “Capable of Flight: The Saga of the 1903 Wright Airplane,” for the forthcoming volume, The Smuthson- ian on Exhibition. He also assisted the 2003 Committee of Day- ton, Ohio, the Ohio Centennial of Flight Commission, the North Carolina Centennial of Flight Commission and the First Flight Society, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in planning for the 1ooth anniversary of powered flight.

Flying aboard the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, a modified C-141 aircraft and telescope, Laboratory for Astrophysics staff members discovered that strong natural infrared lasers occur in the disk of material around a peculiar star, MWC349, and

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they have successfully modeled the phenomenon in some detail.

CEPS' ongoing research in Earth's drylands and studies as- sessing anthropogenic changes to the Earth’s surface are part of the Institution's Global Change Research Program. Staff members continued their study of present day sand transport and paleoclimatic change in the Western Desert of Egypt; con- ducted field work in support of a study of environmental sta- bility and change at the Mpala Research Station, central Kenya; and, using remote sensing data, field evidence, and sedimentological data, demonstrated that sand deposits in the Mojave Desert in the southwestern United States have been transported along distinct paths, crossing topographic barriers and several adjacent drainage basins.

As a component of CEPS research in planetary geology and geophysics, staff members continued geologic mapping of areas of Mars; and, using radar images and data from Magel- lan, of Venus. CEPS Chairman Tom Watters, with a colleague at Cornell University, published the results of a comparative study of volcano-tectonic structures on Mars and analogous structures on Venus known as coronae. Ted Maxwell and Bob Craddock published the results of their analyses of the ancient terrain that provides further support for an early, wet Martian climate. Bruce Campbell, Bob Craddock, and Tom Watters have begun investigations of the Moon using new data re-

turned by the Clementine spacecraft.

Education and Outreach Activities

During the past year, more than 129,000 people participated in educational programs and services at the Museum, 65,000 of them students. Several schools utilized the programs via Internet and television programs. The museum continues to look for opportunities to provide educational materials and re- sources not only to museum visitors, but also to educators and families who cannot physically come to the museum.

In July 1996, the museum will open “How Things Fly.” The purpose of the gallery, is to teach the basic forces of flight in a hands-on, interactive fashion. The gallery will be sup- ported by the museum's successful Explainers Program, a group of high school and college students who provide chil- dren and families with demonstrations on the forces of flight and the nature of the universe. The Cessna Aircraft Company pledged $1.5 million for a ten-year period to fund “The Ex- plainers.” Cessna’s gift is the largest ever received by the Mu- seum for an educational program.

Other recent successes include a summer camp for students in grades 4-12, focusing on the curricula for “Where Next, Co- lumbus?,” and two IMAX films, “Blue Planet” and “Destiny in Space.” More than 300 students attended the camp, made possible through a gift from the M&M Mars Company.

In collaboration with the Foundation for Advancements in Science Education, the Public Broadcasting System, the Na- tional Science Foundation, and several other funders, the De- partment launched “Innovations in the American Classroom.”

This special series invites nationally recognized outstanding

science and history teachers to share teaching methodologies and practices with their peers. The first presentation was Dis- ney teacher of the year, Kay Toliver, who has been profiled in Time. Parade. Newsweek, and in the PBS series, “The Eddie Files” and “Good Morning Mrs. Toliver.”

The Department worked with Maryland Public Tele- vision and other partners to produce “Live From the Stratosphere,” an interactive experience at the museum that allowed students and teachers to communicate directly via a satellice uplink with researchers aboard the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, as well as with research staff in the museum.

The Department won an Educational Outreach grant in support of a history teaching program on the experience of Hispanics in the development of aviation entitled “Sin Limitas: The Latin American Experience in Aviation.” This program gave students from D.C. areas schools the oppor- tunity to meet World War II Flying Tiger Don Lopez and Orestes Lorenzes, a pilot who escaped from Cuba with his family. Students also had the opportunity to explore the museum's archives of photos and information on Hispanics in aviation and learn about the science and technology of flight.

Although the Educational Services Division takes the lead in developing educational projects, other departments in the museum join in advancing the educational focus of the museum. The Laboratory for Astrophysics was cited by the U.S. Department of Education for its innovative family education series, “Learning 1s a Family Experience.” This program, now centered at the National Zoo, was developed by the Laboratory for Astrophysics, the NASM Educational Services Division, and the Zoo's NOAH center. The pro- gram works to build the support structures between par- ents, teachers, and students by presenting programs that they can all enjoy together, while providing teachers with follow-up curriculum materials and training. The program is supported in part by the American Institute for Aero- nautics and Astronautics.

The Einstein Planetarium has started a monthly Saturday morning program called “Family Star Watch.” The program presents shows that combine live demonstrations, lectures, and fully automated pre-programmed shows, offering the pub- lic a variety of venues to learn about the nighttime sky. The Planetarium staff is also planning two new programs that will open in 1996.

The 1995 Mutual Concerns of Air and Space Museums conference, in its eighth year, is a four day invitational sem- inar co-sponsored by the museum and the American Associ- ation of Museums. Held in Washington, D.C., it includes professionals from aviation and space museums around the world. A related publication, the Aviation and Space Compen- dium contains comprehensive information on 62 interna- tional aviation and space museums. The seminar and the Compendium are coordinated by the museum's Office of

Cooperative Programs.

National Museum of African Art

Sylvia H. Williams, Director

The National Museum of African Art celebrates the rich visual traditions and extraordinarily diverse cultures of Africa. Through its collections, exhibitions, research and public programs, the museum fosters an appreciation of Af- rican art and civilizations. It is also a research and reference center, housing the Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives and the Warren M. Robbins Library, a branch of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, as well as exhibition

galleries and educational facilities.

Exhibitions

The first level of the National Museum of African Art houses several permanent exhibitions: “The Art of the Personal Object,” “Purpose and Perfection: Pottery as a Woman's Art in Central Africa” and “Images of Power and Identity.” In addition, this year the museum reopened the revised and refurbished permanent exhibition, “The An- cient West African City of Benin, A.D. 1300-1897,” featur- ing the museum's collection from the royal court of the capital of che Kingdom of Benin as it existed before colo- nial rule. The majority of the works were a gift from Joseph H. Hirshhorn to the Smithsonian Institution in 1966 and 1979; the objects were transferred to the National Museum of African Art in 1985 by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.

In addition, this year, in collaboration with the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the museum opened “The Ancient Nubian City of Kerma, 2500-1500 B.C.,” a three-year loan exhibition of works from the permanent collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, featuring objects from Kerma, an ancient Nubian city that was located on the Nile River. The exhibition was organized by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and its De- partment of Ancient Egyptian, Nubian and Near Eastern Art; all objects are from the Harvard University-Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Expedition.

Also located on the first level is the Point of View Gal- lery which presents small temporary exhibitions that focus on specific themes or objects. This gallery was the site of three exhibitions: “Beaded Splendor,” “Grace Kwami Sculp- ture: An Artist's Book by Atta Kwami” and “Art from the Forge.”

The museum's second level gallery was the site of two important exhibitions. The first, “Mohammad Omer Khalil, Printmaker, Amir I.M. Nour, Sculptor,” was de- voted to selected works by two artists born in the Republic of Sudan. A second major exhibition, “Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa,” presented 300 artifacts that docu- ment the rise and fall of Nubian kingdoms from 3100 B.C. to A.D. 400. The exhibition was organized by the Univer-

sity of Pennsylvania Museum.

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Acquisitions

Among the most significant works acquired by the museum in the past year were a superb and rare carved wooden face mask from the Lele peoples of Zaire and a carved wooden face mask, “Oloju-foforo,” attributed to Yoruba artist Bamgboshe of Osi-Ilorin, Nigeria (d. c. 1920). Another noteworthy acqui- sition was “Spoon,” a conceptually complex modern bronze sculpture by Amir I. M. Nour (b. 1939), a contemporary sculp- tor who was born in the Republic of Sudan and has lived in the United States most of his adult life.

Outreach Efforts

The museum presented a wide range of public programs. The year's offerings included tours, workshops, lecutres, gallery talks, panel discussions, films, musical performances and pro- grams for educators.

An extensive series of programs were offered in conjunction with the exhibition “Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa.” One highlight was an interdisciplinary panel discussion on “The Arc and Culture of Ancient Nubia.” Participants in the standing room only program included historian Ismail Abdallah, College of William and Mary; archaeologist David O'Connor, The University of Pennsylvania Museum; cultural anthropologist Ann Jennings; and archaeologist Nettie K. Adams, The Webb Museum of Anthropology. In addition, the museum published a gallery guide for young audiences.

Also this year the museum launched an ongoing program for young audiences called “Let's Read about Africa.” The weekend program introduces young visitors to African cul- ture, visual traditions and the joy of reading.

The National Museum of African Art continues to make it- self accessible to people with special needs. Tours for hard-of- hearing visitors were made possible through a portable FM Assistive Listening System. This system also allowed hard-of- hearing visitors to participate in educational programs in the workshop and lecture hall. Sign language interpreters for deaf visitors were available upon request for all museum programs.

Publications

Throughout the year, the museum's curatorial staff published exhibition catalogues and additional informational materials to accompany exhibitions. This included a 52-page illustrated book, “Mohammad Omer Khalil, Etchings, Amir I.M. Nour, Sculpture,” published in conjunction with the exhibition of the works of two Sudanese-born artists. In addition, the mu- seum published gallery brochures in conjunction with two ex- hibitions: “Grace Kwami Sculpture: An Artist's Book by Atta Kwami” and “Art from the Forge.” The museum also co-pub- lished with the Smithsonian Institution Press the anthology African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place. and Gender edited by architect and architectural historian Labelle Prussin. In this handsomely illustrated book, Prussin identifies the three basic elements that distinguish nomadic from sedentary architec-

ture: mobility, gender and ritual.

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National Museum of American Art

Elizabeth Broun, Director

The National Museum of American Art and its Renwick Gal- lery offered thematic exhibitions and relevant public pro- grams on American art to audiences in Washington, and through traveling exhibitions and online programs, to museum-goers nationwide during 1995. The museum made important additions to its permanent collections of American art and crafts in all media. Significantly expanded electronic outreach and important strides in development and increasing private revenue were also major accomplishments.

The White House Collection of American Crafts exhibition and its complementary Internet tour showcased 72 outstand- ing examples of contemporary craft by some of America’s most innovative artists in glass, ceramics, wood, metal, and fiber. These works were originally assembled by former Renwick Gallery curator-in-charge Michael W. Monroe for display in public and private rooms of the White House in recognition of the Year of American Craft in 1993. First lady Hillary Rodham Clinton addressed a press preview and a re- ception for the White House Collection of American Crafts exhibition. After irs Washington premier at NMAA April 26 through September 4, the show began a six-city national tour in Rochester, New York.

An in-depth survey of the American daguerreotype through some 150 surprisingly varied examples, curated by NMAA senior curator Merry Foresta and John Wood of McNeese State University in Louisiana, was provocatively ti- tled, Secrets of the Dark Chamber: The Art of the American Daguerreotype. The use of fiber optic lights in the installation was a first for che museum. These lights permitted easy view- ing of the images on their silvered surfaces. The exhibition catalog, published by Smithsonian Press, was named best photography book of the year by The New York Times Book Review.

Free Wirhin Ourselves: African-American Art from the Museum's Collection curated by Lynda Hartigan was a chance for the museum to display a broad selection from what has be- come the country’s most extensive public collection of African- American art. Nearly 200 works by some 100 African-American artists from the early 19th century to the present in all media made it possible to see the scope of the African-American contribution to the visual arts in America as never before. The show introduced the museum's first pho- tography by African-Americans. A lively reception for the exhibition drew a large component of artists and their fami- lies. The show's Family Day attracted a record number of par- ticipants for art demonstrations and hands-on activities, storytelling, and dance and dramatic performances. In con- junction with the exhibition, the education and curatorial deparrments of the museum produced “African American Art- ists: Affirmation Today,” a 30-minute video on the life and

work of five contemporary artists. The film has been accepted by PBS for national broadcast in 1996.

African-American crafts were featured in an exhibition at the Renwick Gallery called Uncommon Beauty in Common Objects: The Legacy of African American Craft Arc, April 7 through June 18. The exhibition, organized by the National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center in Wilberforce, Ohio, was complemented by more than a dozen artists’ talks and demonstrations.

Many of the museum’s second floor galleries devoted to I9th-century art were reinstalled this year. Plans were com- pleted for the remaining second floor reinstallation, to be ready in time for the Isoth anniversary year.

The National Museum of American Art continued to show great strength in its acquisitions program, adding some 600 works, including major paintings by American modernists Georgia O'Keeffe and Robert Motherwell, a 24-foot wide sculpture by Louise Nevelson, important works by Latino art- ists, and the Charles Isaacs Collection of 330 prime examples of early American photography. The Renwick Gallery ac- quired 60 new examples of zorh-century American crafts, made possible by its support group, the James Renwick Alli- ance. This year, the Alliance passed the half-million dollar mark in gifts to the Renwick for acquisitions. Building on the success of its two-year-old presence on America Online, the museum's New Media Initiatives staff achieved a quan- tum leap by making collection images and related texts avail- able to Internet users around the world. Parallel effort advanced design and production of a state-of-the-art multime- dia CD-ROM to be marketed during the Smithsonian's 15oth anniversary year in 1996.

The museum's introduction of a rich Gopher site on the Internet in January was followed shortly by the April pre- miere of a World Wide Web Internet Home Page that maxi- mizes the site’s ability to seamlessly combine texts and images and transmit video and many other enhanced capabilities. The web site contains an unsurpassed complement of resources available electronically, including an extensive virtual tour of “The White House Collection of American Crafts” exhibition {hecp://www.nmaa.si.edw//whc/americancrafts], featuring vis- its to craft artists’ studios and the White House, made possi- ble by a gift from MCI. This and another tour based on the NMAA daguerreotype exhibition, “Secrets of the Dark Cham- ber: The Art of the American Daguerreotype,” inaugurated the museum’s plan for providing an online version of each major exhibition organized. Myriad electronic “visitors” have registered their delight with the online offerings, which have been acknowledged and praised in the national press. In Sep- tember senior staff participated in a retreat to consider the fu- ture of electronic technology initiatives at the museum.

The first new publication on the permanent collection in a decade, National Museum of American Art, copublished with Bulfinch, features 450 full-color illustrations and texts and in- vites readers to explore a wide range of the museum's hold- ings. The book is organized thematically to reflect the variety

of concerns and aesthetic visions that have shaped American art over the past three centuries. Three hundred objects for re- photographed for the publication. The book is a companion to the extensive collection CD-ROM to be issued in early 1996. Almost 80,000 Contributing Members of the Smithson- ian received Natzonal Museum of American Art as the Smithsonian's annual gift.

Together with Hyperion Books for Children (a Disney affili- ate), the museum published a new book edited by education chief Nora Panzer. Celebrate America in Poetry and Art, joins poems and visual art to illuminate the ethnic, economic, and geographic diversity of the American experience. The illustrations are all from the museum’s collection; the poems feature some of America’s finest writers. The New Yorker's Daniel Menaker praised the book saying, “The pages team with creativity and variety.” Celebrate America was selected for the Notable Children’s Trade Books in the Field of Social Studies 1995 list and was awarded a star of recognition by the School Library Journal. Over 20,000 copies have been sold.

Independent scholar Sidra Stich, former chief curator at the University Art Museum in Berkeley, California, was in resi- dence as NMAA'’s Distinguished Scholar in American Art for the 1994-1995 academic year. Professor Neil Harris, Preston and Sterling Morton Professor of History, University of Chi- cago was selected as Distinguished Scholar in American Art for the 1995-1996 academic year.

At the Renwick Gallery, Kenneth R. Trapp, formerly cura- tor of decorative arts at the Oakland Museum, was appointed curator-in-charge as of October 1 after the retirement of 21- year-veteran Michael W. Monroe. Jeremy Adamson served as acting curator-in-charge following Monroe's departure on June 30.

Outreach to District of Columbia schools by the Renwick was significantly increased in a program supported by the James Renwick Alliance.

After the closing of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the White House, discussions began between the museum and the National Park Service on how best to accommodate Renwick access and proposed landscaping.

In the business arena, the museum hired its first ever full- time development officer in June and set up a Development Department to handle membership and fundraising for spe- cial exhibitions and their publications, education programs, electronic outreach initiatives and special projects. The mu- seum also launched a quarterly members’ newsletter to keep special constituents in closer touch with activities and behind- the-scenes information.

Product development and licensing activity saw major growth, with fees to the museum increased by 25 percent over FY94 levels. For one project, the museum joined forces with the National Portrait Gallery to create a spectrum of new postcards from the collections at a great saving. Summer Courtyard Grill food service was expanded to twice weekly, in operation from May through September.

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A space lease was signed on September 1 for 9,000 square feet of office space at 601 Indiana Avenue, NW to house ap- proximately 40 employees in the museum's Research and Scholars Center and the Publications and New Media Initia- tive Office. Renovations will proceed a move in January 1996.

The museum's traveling exhibition program enjoyed a ban- ner year, with a William H. Johnson retrospective scheduled for seven museums across the country. Tours of contemporary landscape photography, Thomas Cole and William H. Johnson’s Homecoming were successfully concluded. In other travel-related activity, curators and the registrarial staff planned for 19 objects from the NMAA and Renwick collec- tions to travel with the two-year national tour of “America’s

Smithsonian,” honoring the Institution's Isoth anniversary.

National Museum of American History

Spencer R. Crew, Director

The National Museum of American History (NMAH) dedi- cates its collections and scholarship to inspiring a broader un- derstanding of our nation and its many peoples. Drawing on more than 17 million objects in its collections and the hold- ings of its Archives Center, the museum creates learning op- portunities, stimulates imaginations, and presents challenging ideas about our nation’s past through original re- search, exhibitions, publications, and public programs.

The museum this year announced the founding of the Je- rome and Dorothy Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation on May 31, 1995, through a $10.4 million gift from the Lemelson Foundation. The center is named after its benefactors, Jerome Lemelson, one of the nation’s most pro- lific inventors, and his wife, Dorothy. Their gift was the larg- est cash donation ever presented to the Smithsonian Institution. Lemelson holds more than 500 patents for a range of inventions relating to videocassette recorders, cordless tele- phones, and many other devices. His patented inventions in robotics, machine vision, and flexible manufacturing have profoundly influenced computer chip manufacturing and the automotive industry.

The primary mission of the Lemelson Center 1s to docu- ment, interpret, and disseminate information about invention and innovation. Through a variety of public programs, exhibi- tions, research efforts, and electronic outreach projects, the center hopes to encourage inventive creativity in young peo- ple and foster an appreciation for the central role invention plays in the history of the United States.

On June 1, the Lemelson Center kicked off its “Innovative Lives” program for children and young adults with a series of lecture—demonstrations by Hal Walker. An former aerospace engineer, Walker shared his ideas on innovation as a career

and explained his research on lasers. He also helped illustrate

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the properties and applications of laser light for 85 middle- school students in the museum's Hands On Science Center. The center also immediately opened its own home page on the World Wide Web. The address is http://www.si.edu/or- ganiz/museums/nmah/homepage/lemel/

To serve the museum's large and diverse audiences, staff members organized, produced, presented, and often per- formed scores of other public programs—musical, dramatic, scholarly, popular, and participatory. On October 7 and 8, the continuing American Sampler series presented the first install- ment of “The Guitar: Art and Soul.” Hispanic artists per- formed classical, flamenco, and traditional works, followed later in the year by two more performance weekends featuring jazz, blues, rhythm and blues, and gospel guitar styles. Ameri- can Sampler also presented “Native American Women’s Music” in November to explore the often overlooked role of women in Native American music. In April, the continuing series American Song presented “This Song Is You: A Centen- nial Celebration of Oscar Hammerstein II,” the preeminent lyricist of the American musical theater's golden age. Another American Song offering in June focused on the work of lyri- cist Marilyn Bergman, cowriter of such songs as “Windmills of Your Mind” and the score for Yent/. The Office of Educa- tion and Visitor Services organized programs throughout the year, including “What's the Catch: Fish, Shellfish, and Fisher- ies in America.” In this the two-day conference, six panel dis- cussions focused on American fisheries, their role in the life of the nation, and how their harvests can be both bountiful and safe. “Campfire Diary,” presented in February, was a multime- dia presentation by art professor Roger Shimomura that grew out of a journal kept for fifty-six years by his grandmother, a Japanese American pioneer and midwife sent to an intern- ment camp during World War II.

The Program in African American Culture (PAAC) offered “Fighting Two Wars: African Americans in World War II” in October. The conference, held at the historic Lincoln Theatre, chronicled the experiences of African American men and women in the U.S. Army during World War II. In January, PAAC presented “Birthplace of a Whirlwind: The 1960 Greensboro Sit-In,” an afternoon program of reminiscences, a song workshop, and a museum tour that commemorated the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. A few weeks before the program, the museum had put on display a section of the lunch counter from the Woolworth’s store in Greensboro, North Carolina, which was the scene of one of the first organ- ized sit-ins by college students to protest segregation during the Civil Rights Movement.

Hollywood filmmaker John Singleton, director of Boyz ’n the Hood, was among the participants at the conference “100 Years of Black Film: Imaging African American Life, History, and Culture” on February 1-4. The conference featured a series of film screenings, a showing of Oscar Micheaux’s classic si- lent film Within Our Gates with live musical accompaniment, and lectures by historians, filmmakers, and authors. The four-

day event was presented by PAAC and the Ethnic Imagery

Project of the Archives Center. Additional sponsors included the Black Film Institute of the University of the District of Columbia and “Black Film Review” magazine. On April 28, more than 300 junior and senior high school students from 18 public schools the Washington, D.C., area participated in a showcase of poetry, song, and dance during the Smithsonian's Fourth Annual Duke Ellington Youth Festival. The students also displayed original works of art based on themes in Ellington's life and work in a temporary exhibition presented in conjunction with the festival.

In March, for Women’s History Month, the museum of- fered “What's American About American Quilts?,” a confer- ence examining aspects of American and European quilting traditions. The forum was presented with support from the American Quilt Defense Fund. On March 14, the museum opened the exhibition “Putting Her Best Quilt Forward: Ex- hibiting at the Fair,” which focused on how fairs gave women of the 19th century an opportunity to display their talents and gather new ideas for quilts. Both the conference and the exhi- bition were offered in conjunction National Quilting Day. An- other Women’s History Month program, “The Yellow Rose of Suffrage,” was a one-woman performance by playwright— actress Jane Cox based on the life of suffragist Carrie Chap- man Cart. In August, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of woman suffrage, the museum also produced the symposium “Visions of Equality: Past and Future” on August 25.

Several new program series presented lectures and discus- sions throughout the year. The Forum on Environmental Jus- tice series examined pollution in the nation’s capital, environmental justice and Native Americans, and other top- ics. Looking American focused on civilian dress during World War II. Staff of the museum's Division of Costume offered talks on subjects such as wartime restrictions and fashion, ap- propriate dress for factory work, and the war's influence on clothing styles. The museum also inaugurated its Viewpoints program, a series of informal talks by museum staff on sub- jects ranging from sea stories to caring for family heirlooms.

The Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra (SJMO) pre- sented four weekends of performances from April through Au- gust at the National and Lincoln theaters. Musical directors Gunther Schuller and David N. Baker led the orchestra and the audiences through the music of Mary Lou Williams, Chick Webb, Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, Lionel Hamp- ton, Woody Herman, Miles Davis, Jimmie Lunceford, Tommy Dorsey and other composers and orchestras. Like the SJMO, the Smithsonian Chamber Music Society is directed from the museum's Division of Cultural History. From the Smithsonian Chamber Orchestra to the Castle Trio, the society's ensembles offered works of Franois Couperin, Marin Marais, Henry Purcell, Mozart, Haydn, Brahms, Schubert, and other composers well known and lesser known. As every year, many of the selections were performed on original instru- ments from the museum's collections, including the 1854 “Queen Victoria” piano and the 1701 “Servais” Stradivarius cello. The concerts often featured guest performers, and this

year several of the evenings began with brief lectures by noted scholars on conservation, recordings of early music, compos- ers, and other subjects. In August, the Smithsonian Chamber Players released a new CD, Metamorphosis, that features Sir Ed- ward Elgar's Serenade, Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings, and Richard Strauss’s Metamorphosen.

In December, the museum's annual Holiday Celebration delighted thousands of visitors with music, storytelling, and demonstrations of holiday foods and crafts that reflect the many ways Americans celebrate Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, and the New Year.

“With Pen and Graver: Women Graphic Artists Before 1900, " which opened in February, was one of the many well- received exhibitions at the museum this year. The exhibition included more than 80 examples of commercial and fine arts work by some of the leading women artists in the 19th cen- tury. The featured works included examples by such artists as Fanny Palmer, lithographer for Currier & Ives; Maud Hum- phrey, an illustrator and the mother of Humphrey Bogart; and Emily Sartain, a Philadelphia art teacher. Lithographs, greeting cards, illustrated books, copper plates, and wood blocks were among the objects on display.

To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II, NMAH presented several temporary exhibitions. “The Virgil Whyte ‘All-Girl’ Band,” an exhibition of photo- graphs, documents, and artifacts produced by the museum's Archives Center, showed how a touring U.S.O. band during World War II promoted the ideal of equality in job opportu- nity for women within the field of music. The band’s director, Virgil Whyte, demanded that his female musicians receive union pay equal to that of male musicians of comparable skills—all within the context of the traditional “home front” partnership which women were expected to contribute to the war effort. “Women War Workers” highlighted the contribu- tions of women during World War II through a display of photographs, cartoons, wartime advertisements, sheet music, and a rivet hammer, welding mask, coveralls, and other tools and equipment used by women during the war. “Produce for Victory: Posters on the American Home Front, 1941-1945" ex- amined the images and underlying messages of the posters used to help mobilize Americans during the war. “World War II: Sharing Memories” offered a look back at the World War II era through paintings of wartime scenes commissioned by the U.S. armed forces during the war and everyday objects used by men and women at war and on the home front. Visi- tors were encouraged to record their memories of the war in notebooks, and hundreds of people wrote first-hand accounts or reminiscences of that era handed down among family mem- bers. Many of the notes were posted on a bulletin board inside the exhibition for other visitors to read.

Documentary photography shows at the museum explored subjects such as industrial life and work in “Images of Steel” to the plight of migrant workers in “Earth Angels: Migrant Children in America,” to “Images of Vietnam: March 1970— February 1971,” an exhibition of 48 photographs taken by pho-

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tojournalist Stephen H. Warner, who was killed in action. “Going Strong! Older Americans on the Job,” an exhibition of photographs by Harvey Wang, captured the images and stories of more than 35 Americans well past retirement age who still continued in their chosen professions—from a typesetter to a shepherd to a scrap metal dealer. The History in the News series presented one-case exhibitions such as “Asbestos: Promise, Problems, Panic, Prudence,” “Earth Day 1970,” and “Cinema’s Centennial,” commemorating the 1ooth anniversary of moving pictures.

In June, the museum also co-sponsored a special display of student-created exhibitions that featured the work of selected state winners of the National History Day competition. The competition is designed for students in grades six through twelve who present months of research in media productions, papers, performances, and table-top projects.

Acquisitions of note this year included the gown worn by Hillary Rodham Clinton's to inaugural balls in 1993. Now a part of the First Ladies Collection, the gown is on exhibit in the “Ceremonial Court,” which displays many artifacts belong- ing to past presidents and first families and re-creates architec- tural details of the 1902 White House. The University of Maryland School of Nursing donated a Florence Nightingale Nursing Cap, affectionately known to the school’s gradu- ates as “Flossie,” to the Medical Sciences Collection. The Flossie was patterned after a cap worn by Florence Nightin- gale. The museum also received a bacterial culture replic- ator from the laboratory of Joshua Lederman of the University of Wisconsin. Lederman’s research won him a Nobel Prize in 1958. The Warner-Lambert Company do- nated the last glass Listerine bottle to be manufactured; the first plastic bottle of Listerine; and the bottle with the oldest, rarest label. The Archives Center accepted the pa- pers of Robert G. Chamberlain, a mechanical engineer, business school graduate in finance, and one of the first numerical control programmers in the United States. Chamberlain's work centered on the use of computers in controlling machine tools and to problems of ensuring accuracy in metal cutting and forming operations under computer control.

Around, beside, beneath, and among all the programs and activities, the National Museum of American History continued to remake itself, both organizationally and physically. The museum's continuing Master Plan saw extensive repair and renovation to the fifth floor and base- ment this year. More significantly, 1994-95 marked the first full year of the museum's reorganization under Director Spencer Crew. The process has brought forth both a new organizational structure at the museum and new goals and strategic objectives—in areas including visitor orien- tation at the museum, electronic access, computerized col- lections, space planning, project management, and staff development—that will guide the museum in the years ahead.

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National Postal Museum

James H. Bruns, Diector

As a new museum, during 1995 the staff concentrated on estab- lishing operational priorities, developing departmental goals and objectives, formulating the museum's first long-range “Planning and Budget Document,” and writing essential operational procedures and plans.

Among the operating plans prepared in 1995 were the museum's “Collecting Plan,” “Collections Management Pol- icy,” Public Affairs Policy," “Hazardous Materials Policy,” and “Exhibitions Policy.”

In cooperation with the Office of Membership and Develop- ment, the museum drafted its long-range “Endowment Plan.” This plan, which will be part of the “Smithsonian Fund for the Future,” calls for the creation of $10 to $15 million in en- dowments over the next ten years.

The museum dramatically expanded its educational out- reach with the publication of “We Were There: Letters from the Bartle Front,” an activity book and resource guide for sec- ondary school students; the “Postal Pack for Elementary Schools,” a curriculum guide and activity book that integrates letter writing and postal history into language arts, history, geography and math classes; and “Pen Friend,” an inter-gener- ational letter writing project guide book.

During 1995 the museum's curatorial and collections man- agement staff processed 95 accessions, acquisitions that con- sisted of over 10,900 objects.

Three exhibits opened in 1995, including “Best Wishes: Greetings from the White House” (November—February), “Are We There Yet? Vacationing in America” (May— indefinite), and “The Graceful Envelope” (July-August). The latter exhibic began as a national calligraphers’ demonstration and workshop sponsored by the museum. Hundreds of hand- crafted envelopes were mailed to the museum. The “most graceful” of these were placed on temporary exhibit. Many of these will soon be the subject of a book.

During 1995 the museum’s education department con- ducted 24 pubic programs, including lectures by prominent philatelists, historians, and scholars. Among the museum's of- ferings were “Marilyn Monroe: The Myth and the Message,” a invitational lecture by theater and film critics Molly Haskell and Andrew Sarris conducted in conjunction with the issu- ance of the Marilyn Monroe stamp. Other presentations were provided by National Air and Space Museum curator Bob Van Der Linden, who lead a discuss of the role of the Post Office Department in the creation of America’s commercial airlines and National Museum of American History curator William Withuhn, who presented a program about American emigrant trains. Another offering included historian and author Alvin Josephy, who presented “A Portrait of Chief Joseph,” a discus- sion of the legacy of the leader of the Nez Perce tribe of the American norchwest in the late 19th century. Donations of

cash, pledges and in-kind support amounted to more than

$3.5 million in 1995.

National Museum of the American Indian

W. Richard West Jr., Director

The National Museum of the American Indian is an institu- tion of living culture dedicated to the preservation, study, and exhibition of the life, languages, literature, history, and arts of the Native peoples of the Western Hemisphere. The museum's mission is to recognize and affirm to Native com- munities and the non-Native public the historical and con- temporary culture and cultural achievements of the Natives of the Western Hemisphere by advancing—in consultation, col- laboration, and cooperation with Natives—knowledge and un- derstanding of Native cultures. The museum has a special responsibility, through innovative public programming, re- search, and collections, to protect, support, and enhance the development, maintenance, and perpetuation of Native cul- tures and communities.

When Southern Cheyenne Camp Crier Moses Starr, Jr., an- nounced the opening of the National Museum of the Ameri- can Indian in New York City on Oct. 30, it marked the beginning of a year in which the museum’s mission became a reality with the indigenous voice and world view resonating throughout the exhibitions at the Heye Center. As the mu- seum approached its anniversary in late September, more than 375,000 museum visitors had experienced the exhibitions and heard the accompanying Native American voices, more than nine times the number who visited the museum in one year at its old location at Audubon Terrace at 155th and Broadway. The inaugural exhibitions of the National Museum of the American Indian were second in museum attendance during the exhibition season in New York City only to the Metropoli- tan Museum of Art, where the exhibition “Origins of Im- pressionism” drew 794,108 visitors.

“Creation’s Journey: Masterworks of Native American Iden- tity and Belief” features 165 objects selected for their beauty, rarity and historical significance, and representation of diverse cultures. Displaying objects from tribal groups in North, Cen- tral, and South America, with dates ranging from 3200 B.C. to the 20th century, the exhibition's multivoiced perspective includes anthropologists, curators, historians, scholars, and Native peoples.

“All Roads Are Good: Native Voices on Life and Culture” features more than 300 objects chosen by 23 Native American selectors, who selected items from the museum's collection that were of artistic, cultural, and personal significance. Selectors’ responses to the process and the objects are shared with museum visitors on audio and videotape, as well as la- bels that accompany the objects. “All Roads Are Good” exem-

plifies the museum's mandate for interpretation by indige- nous peoples with first-person insights and sensitivities to a world view that places the objects along a continuum of liv- ing culture.

“This Path We Travel: Celebrations of Contemporary Na- tive American Creativity” is a collaborative exhibition featur- ing the collective and individual talents of 15 contemporary Native American artists. The exhibition combines installation with sculpture, performance, poetry, music, and video to pres- ent the artists’ views and concepts of creation, the importance of sacred places, and how the Indian universe has been af- fected by conflicts with Euroamerican beliefs and cultures. The exhibition represents how ancient indigenous ideas, as ex- pressed in the archaeological and historic objects in the other exhibitions, still contribute to contemporary Indian world views.

In conjunction with the opening in October, the museum announced the five recipients of the first annual Art and Cul- tural Achievement Awards of the National Museum of the American Indian. They are Allan Houser (Chiricahua Apache), posthumously; Oren R. Lyons (Onondaga); N. Jana Harcharek (Inupiat); Geronima Cruz Montoya (San Juan Pueblo); and Katharine Siva Saubel (Cahuilla).

On Nov. 19 and 20, in celebration of the Heye Center open- ing, the National Museum of the American Indian Powwow was held at the Jacob K. Javits Center in New York City. Ac- tivities included gourd dancing, intertribal dancing, Caddo stomp dances, Yupik dances, and Iroquois, Ponca and Osage social dances, a lacrosse workshop, a Northern Arapaho tpi construction demonstration, a Hocak (Winnebago) language project, arts and crafts sales, Ponca and Osage handgames, and Indian and Eskimo Olympics.

In October, the museum staff began packing and moving more than 45,000 objects from the old location of the mu- seum at Audubon Terrace in New York City to the Research Branch in the Bronx, N.Y. Eventually, most of the one-mil- lion-object collection will be moved to the Cultural Resources Center, which will be built in Suitland, Md.

The design of the museum's Cultural Resources Center in Suitland, Md., was completed in March by the award- winning architectural firm of Polshek and Partners of New York City, working with Metcalf Tobey Davis of Reston, Va., in association with the Native American Design Collaborative. The Cultural Resources Center is scheduled to open in 1997.

The museum displayed 24 19th-century Navajo wearing blankets from its collections at the Ned A. Hatathli Museum of the Navajo Community College in Tsaile, Ariz., on June 27 through June 30. The display concluded with a workshop for Navajo weavers, whose input will be incorporated into the final design and script for the exhibition “Woven by the Grandmothers: 19th Century Navajo Textiles from the Na- tional Museum of the American Indian” planned for the fall of 1996 at the Heye Center in New York City.

On Oct. 24, the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation of Connecticut made a $10 million contribution to the National

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Museum of the American Indian National Campaign. At the time, it was the largest cash contribution to the Smithsonian in its 148-year history.

In October, the museum released a number of publications and products in conjunction with the opening of the Heye Center. Products included books on each of the three exhibi- tions, a music recording on compact disc and cassette tape, a calendar, a postcard book, and T-shirts.

The museum began the Native American Expressive Cul- ture Series—on-going public programming that includes sto- rytelling, theater, music, dance, film and video. In the multimedia Resource Center, ten computer stations provide access to resource information about the objects in the exhibi- tions and the indigenous world view.

During the year, Douglas J. Cardinal Architects, Ltd., in collaboration with Geddes, Brecher, Qualls and Cunning- ham Architects, and in conjunction with the museum staff and Native American consultants, developed a conceptual design for the National Museum of the American Indian, which will be constructed on the National Mall after the turn of the century.

National Portrait Gallery

Alan Fern, Director

The National Portrait Gallery is dedicated to the exhibition and study of portraits of people who have made significant contributions to American history and culture and to the study of the artists who created such portraiture. The Gallery sponsors a variety of scholarly and public activities for audi- ences interested in American art and American history.

Collections Acquisitions

Acquisitions in the Painting and Sculpture Department in- clude two presidential portraits: Ronald Sherr’s portrait of George Herbert Walker Bush and Jan Woods's bust of Wil- liam Jefferson Clinton. Among the other portraits acquired were Smithsonian Secretary-emeritus Robert McCormick Adams by Burton Silverman, collector and art dealer Edith Gregor Halpert by Marguerite T. Zorach, General Winfield Scott by Robert Walter Weir, and poet Gwendolyn Brooks by Sara S. Miller. The Photographs Department received a gift of ninety-nine photographs from the estate of George Tames, Washington photographer for the New York Times from the 1940s through the early 1980s. Other important photographs include Martin Luther King, Jr. by Dan Weiner, labor leader Andrew Furuseth by Dorothea Lange, American poets Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton by Rollie McKenna, a group portrait of William Tecumseh Sherman and his generals by Mathew Brady, and a rare carte de visite of the sculptor Edmonia Lewis.

Among the Print Department acquisitions are a mezzotint of

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Benjamin Franklin by Charles Willson Peale and a drypoint of Henry Marquand by Anders Zorn.

Research

The National Portrait Gallery launched its virtual museum as parc of the Smithsonian's Home Page on the Internet’s World Wide Web and as part of the Smithsonian Online educational service on America Online. Previews of exhibitions, current events, highlights of the permanent collection, Gallery bro- chures, educational programs, and publications are available on both services. Featured by America Online for the Fourth of July holiday, the online image of Rembrandt Peale’s famous “Porthole” portrait of George Washington was downloaded by the public nearly 1,400 times. Interested visitors on the Amer- ica Online service may comment, ask questions, converse on message boards, and take part in online chat sessions.

The Catalog of American Portraits continued its field sur- vey of portraits in public and private collections, cataloging portraits in Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, the Norman Rockwell Museum in Massachusetts, and portraits of Ameri- cans in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Portraits in the state of Alaska were surveyed with the assistance of a grant from the Smithsonian Women's Committee. The Smithsonian Office of Fellowships and Grants supported two internship projects that added important Native American and Latino bi- ographies to the CAP’s multimedia research database.

The Peale Family Papers project submitted volume four of Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family. sub- titled Charles Willson Peale: His Last Years, 1821-1827. to Yale University Press for publication. The staff is continu- ing research for volume 5, The Autobiography of Charles Will- son Peale, and for The Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of Rembrandt Peale.

The Electronic Research Center became a reality in the NMAA/NPG Library at the end of December. Supported by both the National Portrait Gallery and the National Museum of American Art, the Center collects reference sources avail- able in CD-ROM and online formats, as well as maintaining Internet and America Online functions. The Center has biblio- graphic, image-based, and online resources accessible to Li- brary patrons. Some of the titles available are: Art Index (1984-1995); ARTbibliographies Modern on Disc (1984-1994); Artfact (auction price information for both the fine and decora- tive arts, 1986-1995); Select Phone (1995); National Portrait Gal- lery, Smithsonian Institution: Permanent Collection of Notable Americans; and Artnet (an online resource to auction records

from 1990 to the present).

Exhibitions

In commemoration of the 1ooth anniversary of the death of Frederick Douglass, the National Portrait Gallery and the Na- tional Park Service co-organized an exhibition on his life and legacy. Featuring paintings, photographs, and memorabilia, “Majestic in His Wrath” opened February 9, 1995, with a re-

ception during which actor Billy Dee Williams read one of Douglass's most famous speeches.

“In Pursuit of the Butterfly: Portraits of James McNeill Whistler” was the first of four exhibitions held in Washing- ton during the summer of 1995 that were devoted to this American expatriate painter. Whistler was the single most de- picted artist prior to the twentieth century, and NPG’s exhibi- tion demonstrated the evolution of his image and his carefully self-constructed role as a popular icon in Victorian England.

Several 1995 exhibitions highlighted aspects of the Gallery's permanent collection. “Federal Profiles: Saint-Mémin in America, 1793-1814” amplified the museum's large holding of Saint-Mémin engravings by featuring many of the original drawings from which the engravings were made. “From Tru- man to Clinton: Presidents on Time” was the most recent ina series of exhibitions drawn from the Gallery’s collection of original Time magazine cover art. “The Passionate Observer: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten,” which was organized by Hallmark Cards, presented a comprehensive overview of an artist whose works are widely represented in the Gallery’s collection.

Publications

Saint-Mémin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America by Ellen G. Miles, NPG's Curator of Paintings and Sculpture, was published in November 1994 by the National Portrait Gallery and Smithsonian Institution Press. The culmination of twenty years of research on the French émigré artist who made nearly a thousand likenesses of Federal-era Americans, this book includes an essay on the history of the neoclassical profile portrait with a biography of Saint-Mémin and a com- plete, illustrated catalogue of the artist’s known works. Ir has been awarded second prize in the book category in the Ameri- can Association of Museums’ 1995 Design Competition and first prize for illustrated books in the Washington Book Publishers’ design competition.

Produced to accompany the National Portrait Gallery's ex- hibition, Mayestic in His Wrath: A Pictorial Life of Frederick Douglass. by NPG historian Frederick S. Voss, was published by the Smithsonian Institution Press. This softcover book's more than seventy illustrations include rare daguerreotypes of Douglass and images of fellow abolitionists and reformers.

In Pursuit of the Butterfly: Portraits of James McNeill Whistler, co-published by the National Portrait Gallery and the Univer- sity of Washington Press, was written by Eric Denker, curator of the NPG exhibition of portraits of Whistler. Available in softcover, this illustrated book illuminates how this unconven- tional American expatriate was perceived by the artists and writers of his time.

Work has commenced on a new edition of the Natzonal Por- trait Gallery Permanent Collection Illustrated Checklist. Data is being gathered on NPG acquisitions over the past ten years, since the previous edition was published. A James Smithson Society grant will allow the purchase of state-of-the-art desktop-publishing equipment for NPG's Publications Of-

fice. This will make it possible to produce this valuable ref- erence rool—including some 7,000 illustrated entries—in-

house through the prepress stage in the coming fiscal year.

Education

NPG offered a dramatization that provided both historical background and context to enhance students’ knowledge gained during their tour of the Frederick Douglass exhibi- tion. Collaborations with publishers also made possible public lectures and book signings for biographies and portrait- related books.

“Blues Woman,” an interpretation of the music and life sto- ries of Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, and Billie Holiday, was presented through the Gallery's “Portraits in Motion” series.

Special Projects

On the morning of July 21, 1995, the National Portrait Gallery's Hall of Presidents doubled as a television studio when C-SPAN's “Washington Journal” broadcast a live pro- gram on the museum and its collections. Host Brian Lamb in- terviewed NPG director Alan Fern as camera crews rolled through the Gallery's second floor, providing viewers with glimpses of the permanent collection on display. Pre-taped segments included presentations by curator of photographs Mary Panzer, historian Fred Voss, curator for the Frederick Douglass exhibition, and a cameo appearance by curator of prints and drawings Wendy Wick Reaves. The three-hour broadcast also included a live interview with museum shop manager Jackie Jackson on the shop's offerings.

Office of Exhibits Central

Mike Headley, Acting Director

The Office of Exhibits Central (OEC) provides Smithsonian museums, galleries, and exhibitors with expertise in the creation of permanent, temporary, and traveling exhibitions, from concept to crating. Office of Exhibit Central services in- clude exhibition design and production, script development, consultation on design and production, writing, editing, graphic production, matting, and framing. Along with a wide range of exhibit fabrication services, OEC provides model making, gallery lighting, exhibit installation, and the han- dling, bracketing, and packing of artifacts.

This year, OEC designed, edited, and produced five exhibi- uons for the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES): “Try This On: A History of Clothing, Gender, and Power”; “Full Deck Art Quilts”; “Voyages and Visions: Nineteenth-Century European Images of the Middle East from the Victoria and Albert Museum”; “VanDerZee, Photographer’; and “An Ocean Apart: Contemporary

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Vietnamese Art from the United States and Vietnam.” OEC also provided design and production consultation on four more SITES shows: “Earth 2U, Exploring Geography,” “Ex- otic Illusions: Arc, Romance, and the Marketplace,” “Beyond Category: The Musical Genius of Duke Ellington” (small ex- hibit format), and “Wade in the Water: African American Sa- cred Song and Worship Traditions.” OEC editors developed the text for the last three exhibits.

OEC’s Model Making Unit created an exact wooden replica of a 19th-century ship figurehead, hundreds of artificial fish, several mannequins, and three bronze creatures for “Ocean Planet,” an exhibition developed by the National Museum of Natural History, the Environmental Awareness Program, and SITES.

In preparation for the Smithsonian's Isoth Celebration, OEC has contributed significantly to many of the anniversary events—and will continue to do so. OEC designed the ban- ners and signage on the Mall and for each museum. OEC designed, produced, and installed the plaque for the Unsung Heroes awards, and the exhibit cases for “Smithson’s Gift,” an exhibition dedicated to James Smithson’s bequest to the Smithsonian. “Revealing Exhibitions: Photography at the Smithsonian,” “From Smithson to Smithsonian: The Birth of an Institution,” and many other exhibitions and events associ- ated with the 1soth Celebration are still in the planning stages at OEC.

OEC played a important role in many other exhibitions. For Horticulture Services Division, OPP, OEC provided de- sign, editing, fabrication, model making, lighting, installa- tion, and project coordination for the “Posy Holders” exhibition in the Arts and Industries Building. OEC pro- duced graphics for the 29th Annual Festival of American Folklife. For “Science and the Artist's Book,” a collaborative project involving the Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the Washington Project for the Arts, OEC was responsible for design, editing, fabrication, model making, and installation. At the National Museum of Natural History, OEC provided model making for “Exploring Marine Ecosystems,” while at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, OEC supplied exhibition consultation for the “Coral Reef’ exhibition and illustration for “Where Land Meets the Sea.” In addition, OEC collaborated with the Office of the Provost and the Na- tional Museum of African Art in the design, production, and installation of an exhibit at the Baltimore Washington Inter- national Airport. For the Office of Government Relations, OEC designed, fabricated, and installed two exhibit compo- nents, one for the Office of the Speaker in the U.S. Capitol and another for the Rayburn House Office Building. Further, OEC provided exhibition consultation and installation for “The Harriet and Harmon Kelley Collection of African Ameri- can Arc” and the “Equal Rights and Justice” exhibitions for the Anacostia Museum at the Center for African American History and Culcure. OEC also furnished project consultation and material management for the Ghana Project for the Inter-

national Center.

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In 1995 OEC Senior Designer Mary Bird won two Federal Design Achievement Awards for her design of “Spiders!” and “Produce for Victory: Posters on the American Home Front, 1941-1945.” OEC also received honors from the Washington Building Congress for construction of a railway mail car at the National Postal Museum and a Smithsonian Exhibition Awards for Outstanding Team Effort on the Postal Museum's inaugural exhibits.

There are many others projects that SI clients have taken advantage of OEC’s prompt, professional, and cost-effective services. The Office of Exhibits Central is dedicated to the

continued success of the Smithsonian Institution.

Smithsonian Institution Traveling

Exhibition Service, SITES

Anna R. Cohn, Director

Since 1952, the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) has been committed to making Smithsonian exhibitions available to millions of people who cannot view them firsthand on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Each year, audiences across North America experience the trea- sures and opportunities of the Smithsonian by visiting SITES exhibitions on view in local museums, libraries, science cen- ters, historical societies, zoos, aquariums, community centers, and schools.

SITES’ FY 1995 program mirrored the scope and vitality of the Smithsonian as never before. Traveling exhibitions featur- ing spiders, ocean conservation, Mexican landscape painting, jazz, and art quilts are but a small sampling of the diverse sub- jects through which SITES represents collections and research from the Institution's many museums and offices, and from many of the nation’s finest cultural organizations.

Over the past year, collaborations—with sister museums at the Smithsonian and other museums and cultural organiza- tions outside the Smithsonian, foreign countries, corporations, or at the grass-roots level—continue to drive the SITES pro- gram. Several new SITES exhibitions began traveling this year in small format, free-standing copiese: “Beyond Category: The Musical Genius of Duke Ellington,” “Saynday was coming along...Silverhorn’s Drawings of the Kiowa Trickster,” “Before Freedom: African American Life in the Antebellum South,” and “Produce for Victory: Posters on the American Home Front, 1941-1945.” These exhibitions, designed specifically for smaller institutions and rural exhibitors, are especially import- ant additions to SITES’ program and ensure more than ever that the wealth of the Smithsonian Institution will be experi- enced by audiences everywhere: from people in the nation’s largest urban centers to those in the most remote rural areas.

SITES’ partnership with states humanities councils contin-

ued to gain momentum in FY 1995. Ongoing collaborations

with the Federation of States Humanities Councils and a sec- ond NEH grant will result in another tour of the highly suc- cessful NMAH/SITES small format version of “Produce for Victory: Posters on the American Home Front, 1941-1945" to Arizona, California, Indiana and Nebraska. Designed specific- ally to reach rural areas, nine states are now part of this unique initiative which was begun in FY 1994.

A National Portrait Gallery exhibition, “Lincoln and His Contemporaries: Photographs by Mathew Brady from the Meserve Collection” is also traveling to five communities in Utah as part of a block-booking arrangement reached with that state’s Humanities Council. Rural exhibitors are comple- menting their displays with local objects and programming.

The Smithsonian's major Quincentennial exhibition, “Seeds of Change,” is also traveling in a small format version and opened in July in a brand-new specially designed facility ac Central Florida Community College in Ocala, Fla. Staff at the college and SITES have been in discussion since January about an on-site facility that would be suitable for SITES exhibi- tions, and raised the necessary funds and built a new exhibi- tion space in less than one year. The college is now slated to host six SITES exhibitions over the next two years.

In addition to ongoing partnerships that SITES has forged with private foundations such as the Lila Wallace-Reader's Di- gest Fund and corporations such as Time Warner, Inc., SITES is proud to announce a new partnership this year with Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A., for the SITES/National Geo- graphic Society exhibition, “Earth 2U, Exploring Geography.” Ata special signing ceremony on October tenth hosted by Na- tional Geographic Society President Gilbert M. Grosvenor, Nissan's Vice President of Brand and Consumer Marketing Jerry Florence presented a check for $950,000 to Secretary Heyman to become the national corporate sponsor of the exhi- bition. Olympic gold medal speedskater Dan Jansen will serve as the national exhibition “Ambassador” of “Earth 2U, Exploring Geography,” which will open in November 1995 in Washington, D.C.

SITES has spent the past year gearing up for the opening of this ambitious exhibition, and since May has received an addi- tional $936,000 from Nissan for extensive national educa- tional programming and public relations efforts in conjunction with “Earth 2U, Exploring Geography.” In July, a “Name the Mascot” contest commenced in the Smithsonian Castle for children ages 8—12, the exhibition's primary audi- ence. The “Mascot” is a lively-looking cartoon bird who is de- picted throughout the exhibition. The grand-prize winner of the contest, who will be announced at the exhibition's press preview, will receive an all-expenses paid trip to the 1996 Summer Olympic events in Atlanta. “Earth 2U, Exploring Geography” is geared toward children and their families and is expected to make a significant contribution to curbing geo- graphic illiteracy in the United States as it travels to 40 cities around the country in two versions.

Several SITES exhibitions began national tours in FY 1995, reflecting the diversity of the SITES program. “Full Deck Art

Quilts” opened at the Renwick Gallery in March. It is travel- ing to 11 additional locations, including regional art centers, university galleries and art museums in San Jose, Calif.; Tempe, Ariz.; Ocala, Fla.; Reno, Nev.; and Mobile, Ala. The small format version of the NMNH/SITES exhibition, “Sayn- day was coming along . . . Silverhorn’s Drawings of the Kiowa Trickster,” opened at the Kiowa Tribal Museum in Carnegie, Okla., in January. The national tour of “Spiders!,” organized with the National Museum of Natural History and funded by Marvel Entertainment, began in March at the American Mu- seum of Natural History in New In May, “VanDerZee, Pho- tographer (1886—1983)"—a National Portrait Gallery/SITES exhibition—began its national tour at the African American Museum of Fine Arts in San Diego, Calif. The opening of this exhibition garnered front-page news in the San Diego Union Tribune and significantly increased attendance at the museum. As a testament to how well-received this exhibition has been in San Diego, the museum is now preparing to accession an important, personal collection from a father and son who spon- sor an African American Studies program at a local university and who have lived in the area since the 1920s.

In September, “An Ocean Apart: Contemporary Vietnam- ese Art from the United States and Vietnam” opened at the E]- lipse Arts Center in Arlington, Va. All of these exhibition openings were accompanied events and public programs that attracted enthusiastic media and public responses.

Special initatives and events in FY 1995 included the forg- ing of a new relationship between the Smithsonian and the Mexican Embassy during the fall showing of “Mexico: A Landscape Revisited.” Secretary Heyman and Mexican Ambas- sador Jorge Montafio began a series of dialogues aimed at fu- ture cultural collaborations between Mexico and the Smithsonian. The exhibition is currently traveling to several cities around the country and will end its international tour next year in Monterrey, Mexico.

In June, SITES donated the popular NMAH/SITES exhibi- tion, “Contrasts/Contrastes: Forty Years of Continuity and Change in Puerto Rico,” a collection of photographs by WPA photographer Jack Delano that toured several years ago, to the Poncé Museum in Poncé, Puerto Rico. The event was cele- brated with public programs which featured a conference given by Delano and a concert string performance of one of Delano’s original musical compositions.

In September, SITES took the lead during National Arts and Humanities Month. A special mailing was orchestrated by SITES and the Office of the Secretary which alerted members of Congress to SITES’ activities in their states and districts.

SITES entered cyberspace in FY 1995. A listing of SITES ex- hibitions currently traveling around the country is now avail- able by accessing the Smithsonian's Home Page which was launched on May 8.

SITES exhibitions are oftentimes accompanied by hand- some and informative publications. On the occasion of last year’s opening of “Mexico: A Landscape Revisited,” SITES

™N NS

published a bi-lingual catalogue and a 1995 wall calendar with Universe Publishing Co. (a division of Rizzoli). The calendars were mailed as holiday gifts from Secretary Heyman to mem- bers of the Smithsonian's Latino Task Force and the Congres- sional Hispanic Caucus.

SITES is a high-visibility outreach arm of the Smithsonian. In FY 1995, 182 exhibitions traveled across the country. SITES hopes that its expanded visitor base in the coming year will enable more Americans than ever before to experience the rich variety of exhibition programs available from the Smithsonian.

Educational and Cultural Programs

Center for Folklife Programs & Cultural Studies

Richard Kurin, Director

The Center for Folklife Programs & Cultural Studies joins high quality scholarship with strong community service and educational outreach to promote the understanding and conti- nuity of diverse contemporary grassroots cultures in the United States and throughout the world. A primary goal is to foster greater appreciation and participation of community culture in civil society. This became very apparent in the plan- ning and production of the annual Festival of American Folklife.

The more than one million visitors to the 29th annual Fest- val of American Folklife, which took place June 23—July 4, were witness to the strength in community in the four pro- grams chat were presented. “The Cape Verdean Connection” builc upon and articulated the contemporary transnational character of that culture. It not only occasioned a visit by the President of Cape Verde, Antonio Mascarenhas Monteiro, but also prompted thousands of Cape Verdean Americans to orga- nize tours, reunions, and celebrations around the Festival. Co- sponsored by the government of Cape Verde, a host of Cape Verdean-American community fundraising committees, the Gulbenkian Foundation of Portugal, the Smithsonian, and many other benefactors, the program featured performances and demonstrations of crafts, cooking, music, dance, and occu- pational traditions. Discussions included many topics in which participants reflected upon the culture and historical ex- perience of this transnational people. A significant part of the program was a large “Cachupa Connection” tent—named for the hominy stew that is the (trans)national dish of Cape Ver- deans everywhere. The tent contained information about a dozen Cape Verdean-American communities, presentations on

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seafarers and longshoremen, and a connection to the unofficial Cape Verdean home page on the Internet. From social com- mentary in ox-driving songs to conversations across the Inter- net, the program presented varieties of exchange that Cape Verdeans engage in to maintain their local and transnational communities. Chartered busloads of Cape Verdean Americans came from New England, where the Festival generated strong media coverage. Bana, the most popular male vocalist in the Islands for decades who lives and owns a nightclub in Lisbon, performed at the July 5 Independence Day celebration on the Mall as part of the program to mark the 2oth anniversary of Cape Verde’s independence from Portugal. Anna Maria Cab- ral, wife of the slain independence leader Amilcar Cabral, lec- tured on culture and national development at the International Center during the Festival. And a photography exhibit on Cape Verdean life by Ron Barboza was mounted in the International Center.

“The Czech Republic: Tradition and Transformation” suc- cessfully reflected the range of music, crafts, and foodways that characterize grassroots, popular, and official genres today. The participants from the three major regions of the Czech Re- public—Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia—brought not only their cultural traditions but the fresh impacts of independence and changed borders on these traditions. Czech-American mu- sicians and cooks demonstrated survivals and transformations in foodways and soundscapes across the ocean. This extended community on the National Mall was broadened even more as Czech Americans drove the belfry—an example of a substitute church that serves small communities in mountainous Wallachia—to Texas after the Festival, where it is traveling among families of Wallachian descent. Czech officials also ob- served the Festival, and a Czech television documentary reached millions of viewers in that country.

“Heartbeat: Voices of First Nations Women” was produced in collaboration with the Division of Cultural History at the National Museum of American History, as was a recently re- leased Smithsonian/Folkways recording of the same name. The program brought women from 20 different groups from the United States and Canada to the 1995 Festival, and visitors had the opportunity to see the important contributions that contemporary Native women are making to the preservation and perpetuation of their culture, especially in the area of lan- guage. The sense of community among participants was rein- forced during spontaneous demonstrations of intertribal song sharing that culminated in a memorable finale on July 4, with all the singers uniting in song on the main stage. Sales of the recording and critical reviews were very strong.

Identities and community were key issues in the program, “Russian Roots, American Branches: Music in Two Worlds.” After several years of fieldwork, this program presented partic- ipants from four communities—Molokans and Old Believers, two religious minority communities both still active in Rus- sia and the United States—who joined together to discuss the changes that have affected their faith and, most importantly,

to sing the choral music that provides the focus for their reli-

gious identity. The program provided great opportunities for exchanges, and it provided these communities with an oppor- tunity to meet and share stories after more than a century of separation.

The sacred and social music, traditional poetry, dance, food, and crafts of Washington-area African-born immigrants were presented as part of the “African Immigrant Folklife Study Project.” The Festival included two evening dance party/ concerts and a photo panel exhibition entitled, “New Ties: Portraits of African Immigrant Community Folklife,” featur- ing photographs by Roland Freeman, photographic advisor to the project. These activities grew out of a year of fieldwork by community scholars participating in the project and illuminated the vibrant range of newly emerging African cul- tures in the Washington area.

And on the evening of July 2nd, a special tribute concert in honor of former Festival director Ralph Rinzler was held at the Festival to commemorate the first anniversary of his pass- ing. Paying tribute to Ralph were Pete and Mike Seeger, Pied- mont blues musicians John Cephas and Phil Wiggins, and Black Appalachian singers Ed and Melissa Cabbell. The event was very well attended and performers and audience shared a deep appreciation for many of Ralph's accomplishments. For those wishing to support the Festival of American Folklife, a Friends of the Festival group was formed that is developing memberships and benefits; the organization is now approach- ing 600 members.

Cultural education at the Center saw six groups of teachers using the Festival of American Folklife as a living laboratory for developing resources, education materials move into test- ing and design phases, and new projects emerge from ongoing programs. The teachers seminars included “Bringing Folklore into the Classroom: A Multicultural Learning Experience,” di- rected by Center staff members with teachers from the Wash- ington, D.C., area; and “Teaching and Learning with Museums,” directed by a member of the Smithsonian Office of Elementary and Secondary Education staff, with teachers and museum educators from ten cities in California. A semi- nar for music educators was sponsored by the University of Maryland; and another general seminar on folklore and folklife was sponsored by the Northern Virginia Campus of the Univer- sity of Virginia. In addition, two groups of teachers came from New England to attend the “Cape Verdean Connection” pro- gram—educators from Massachusetts and Connecticut will be de- veloping educational materials about Cape Verde and Cape Verdean Americans for their schools, and teachers from the Bos- ton area will be working on multicultural educational materials.

The educational materials on “Land in Native American Cultures,” “Borders and Identities,” and “The Bahamas” will be available for the 1996 school year. The Bahamas kit will be distributed to all public schools in the Commonwealth and in- cludes an extensive student/teacher guide or both the elemen- tary and secondary levels, rwo videotapes, and two audiotapes. The kit was developed by Center staff in cooperation with a team of educators and advisors in The Bahamas.

New projects include “Voices of Virginia,” a teacher's guide and a recording that follows the fourth grade social studies curriculum and is being developed by teachers at Bailey's Ele- mentary School for the Arts and Sciences in Fairfax County; and the “Workers at the White House” materials which are being developed by a team of Washington, D.C., teachers in cooperation with Center staff and the Curator's office at the White House. The videotape, which is now available by itself, will be enhanced for classroom use by a teacher's guide, a 24- page educational booklet, and a full-color poster of a cross-sec- tion of the White House. These materials will be distributed free of charge to every public school in Washington, D.C., in the spring of 1996.

The “Workers at the White House” exhibit continues to travel and was at the Carter Presidential Library in Atlanta, Georgia, and the Reagan Library in Simi Valley, California during the year. The exhibit was also mounted at Shaed Ele- mentary School in northeast Washington, D.C., where Hillary Clinton addressed students and teachers, and several of the workers were honored.

Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings continues its work with collaborations with international scholarship, museum exhibi- tions, and artists’ creativity. International collaborations in- cluded the first two of a projected six volumes of music from different “departments” of Peru produced at the Archivo de Masica Tradicional Andina in Lima, with the support of the Ford Foundation of Peru; the CD Musical Trad:tions of Portu- gal, which was partly supported by the City of Lisbon and was produced by the director of the only ethnomusicology pro- gram in Portugal; a recording of the Kayap6-Xikrin of Mato Grosso, Brazil, annotated by two Brazilian anthropolgists; Sa- cred Rhythms of Cuban Santeria, produced by the Director of the Centro de Investigacion y Desarollo de la Musica Cubana in Havana; and three more volumes of the series, Music of Indo- nesia, produced with the Indonesian Society for the Perform- ing Arts, with the support of the Ford Foundation, Indonesia.

Smithsonian/Folkways also collaborates with museums to make sounds part of the museum experience. Two recordings are the products of such collaborations: Heartbeat: Voices of First Nations Women, produced with the Smithsonian's Na- tional Museum of American History; and RAythms of Rapture: Sacred Musics of Haitian Vodou, which complements the exhibi- tion, “Sacred Arts of Haitian Vodou” that opened at UCLA's Fowler Museum of Cultural History.

Some new recordings develop out of ethnomusicological re- search. Those released this year include Dream Songs and Heal- ing Sounds in the Rainforests of Malaysia, and Old Believers: Songs of the Nekrasov Cossacks. Other recordings come directly from the vaults of the Folkways collection, and from Smithson- ian/Folkways artists themselves. Approximately 50,000 re- cordings were distributed through educational and archival fulfillment distributions.

Smithsonian/Folkways also produces video projects. The JVC/Smithsonian Folkways Video Anthology of Music and Dance of

the Americas consists of six videotapes, featuring over I50 exam-

ik)

ples of music and dance from many traditions throughout the Americas. Each tape is accompanied by a 40-80-page booklet that includes general articles on style as well as descriptions of each track, most of which have recommendations for further viewing, listening, and reading.

Another Smithsonian/Folkways video project was initiated three years ago and documents music of the Great Lakes Indi- ans. It consists of two videotapes dealing with Ojibwe pow- wows in Wisconsin which will be targeted to the Wisconsin public school system. The first of the two videos, “Naamikaaget: Dancer for the People,” has been completed and shows a young dancer dressing for two powwows in suc- ceeding years. The second video will be a more generic treat- ment of powwows, including everything from singing and dancing to the preparation of fry bread.

Approximately 35 interns who came from colleges and uni- versities from around the country, and several fellows from the United States, South America, and Africa, assisted with the re- search for and production of the many programs that were car- ried out by the Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies.

National Science Resources Center

Douglas Lapp, Executive Director

The National Science Resources Center (NSRC), a program of the Smithsonian Institution and the National Academy of Sci- ences, helps the nations schools improve the teaching of sci- ence. The NSRC collects and publishes information about current science teaching resources, develops innovative curric- ulum materials, and sponsors activities to help teachers and administrators develop and sustain exemplary hands-on sci- ence programs.

In the past year, the NSRC continued to involve teachers and school system officials, scientists and engineers, commu- nity organizations, and corporations in science education re- form through the National Science Education Leadership initiative (NSEL) and the Science and Technology for Chil- dren (STC) curriculum development project. The NSRC also expanded its international role in science education reform through ongoing contacts with education leaders in Mexico and South Africa.

This years Elementary Science Leadership Institutes, a part of NSEL, brought together 38 teams of lead teachers, top ad- ministrators, and scientists, including teams from Mexico and South Africa, for training in the planning and implementa- tion of science education programs. To date, 178 teams from 43 states, two Canadian provinces, Mexico, and South Africa have participated in the institutes. The NSRC also co-hosted a regional Science Education Leadership Institute with the

New York City Urban Systemic Initiative. The weeklong pro-

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gram, modeled after the NSRCs national institutes, brought together more than 70 representatives from New York City schools.

Seventeen of 24 STC hands-on science units for the elemen- tary and early middle school grades are now available in com- mercial or field-test editions. This year, Balancing and Weighing, Weather, and Floating and Sinking were published. Animal Studtes. Solids and Liquids, Comparing and Measuring, and Land and Water reached the field-test stage, and the devel- opment of the final three units in the STC program began. As part of the STC program, the NSRC also began work on sets of science activity cards for grades four to six. Each set will complement an STC unit.

The NSRC completed work on Resources for Teaching Elemen- tary School Science, a completely revised and updated edition of its best-selling annotated guide to exemplary hands-on sci- ence curriculum materials. The NSRC also began reviewing exemplary curriculum materials for a resource guide for mid- dle school science teachers.

The NSRC hosted Corporate Americas Impact on Elemen- tary Science Education, a one-day working conference held at the headquarters of Merck & Co., Inc., in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey. Sixty corporate executives and managers met to discuss how business and industry can work effectively with school district leaders to bring about and sustain science edu-

cation reform.

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Ann Bay, Director

The Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (OESE), the Smithsonian’s central office for precollege education, has a threefold mission. First, it makes Smithsonian resources avail- able to teachers and students in the Washington, D.C., area and nationwide. Second, it provides materials and training that enable teachers and students to use museums and the pri- mary sources they contain for experiential learning in class- room and museum settings. Third, it fosters communication and collaboration among Smithsonian education units and be- tween the Smithsonian and education organizations.

The office and Smithsonian magazine established an educator's membership in the Smithsonian. Member educa- tors receive a year’s subscription to the magazine, as well as subscriptions to OESE publications.

The District of Columbia Public Schools established two museum magnet schools and named the office as coordinator of the Smithsonian's involvement. OESE developed the con- cept and worked with the school system to craft the proposal to the U.S. Office of Education. The museum magnet schools will show how the vast material and human treasures of the

Smithsonian can be used to the best advantage in a public ed- ucation setting.

Publications available in print and electronic versions in- formed teachers about museum-based learning. Beyond the Frame: Using Art as a Basis for Interdisciplinary Learning showed how to use works from five Smithsonian art museums in the classroom. Art to Zoo, the office’s quarterly teaching guide for elementary and middle schools, adopted a new de- sign, editorial, and distribution strategy. The Smithsonian Resource Guide for Teachers listed more than 500 publications available from the Smithsonian and its affiliates.

A program with the National Faculty for the Humanities, Arts, and Sciences has extended the office's work in develop- ing models for museum-school collaboration. Working with schools and museums in Atlanta, St. Paul, Seattle, and Wash- ington, D.C., the program helps teachers explore ways to use material culture across the curriculum and from a multicultu- ral perspective.

The Under Secretary Office of the Under Secretary

Constance Berry Newman, Under Secretary

As the chief operating officer of the Smithsonian, the under secretary is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Institution. Under Secretary Constance Berry Newman also works with Secretary I. Michael Heyman, the provost, and the Board of Regents to set long-range priorities and de- velop mechanisms for carrying them out.

The Smithsonian continued the process of downsizing and restructuring to meet stringent budget requirements and pre- pare for the challenges of the next decade. Future growth and strength will require wise choices through a careful assess- ment of priorities. Central to this year’s effort was the estab- lishment of a strategic planning committee to examine potential restructuring of the Institution.

Finance and Administration

Finance and Administration

Nancy Suttenfield, Assistant Secretary

Operating behind the scenes at the Smithsonian, a network of administrative offices serves the diverse programmatic needs of the Institution and facilitates the management and use of fi-

nancial, human, and physical resources. Funding for financial and administrative services in 1995 amounted to nearly $22 million, or approximately 6.3 percent of the Institution's coral operating expenses. Central services for physical plant, secu- rity, and environmental safety account for an additional $58

million on behalf of the entire Institution.

Office of Architectural History and Historic Preservation

Cynthia Field, Director

Research conducted this year reflects the breadth of the Smithsonian's architectural history. The office’s study of the development of the National Air and Space Museum brought into focus the complex early history of the project from 1959

to 1972. A study of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Gar- den revealed the impassioned interpretations of the nature of the National Mall that were aired when this project was planned. Two important chapters in the history of the first Na- uonal Museum (now the Arts and Industries Building) were writ- ten as the result of research on the changing interior exhibition spaces and the meaning of the original building design.

Office of the Comptroller

M. Leslie Casson, Comptroller

The office continued design of a new general ledger for the In- stitution, which will provide significantly improved financial information. The office also streamlined the transmittal of vendor payment data to the Department of the Treasury and participated in the planning, development, and implementa- uon of new institutional policies and procedures to comply with new financial accounting standards promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.

Office of Contracting and Property Management

John W. Cobert, Director

This office provides central contracting and procurement ser- vices for Smithsonian museums, research institutes, and of- fices. During fiscal year 1995, the office supported planning

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efforts for the Smithsonian's 15oth anniversary celebration. On- going work included contracting in the areas of design and renovation, Smithsonian business activities, acquisition of mu- seum collections, concession services, and office supplies and

services.

Office of Design and Construction

William Thomas, Acting Director

Construction began on the $20 million renovation, restora- tion, and accessibility project at Cooper-Hewitt, National De- sign Museum. Other current projects include the East Court expansion at the National Museum of Natural History; design and procurement for construction of the National Museum of the American Indian's Cultural Resources Center and design of the museum's building on the National Mall; and construc- tion of two buildings at the Smithsonian Environmental Re- search Center.

Office of Equal Employment and Minority Affairs

Era L. Marshall, Director

This office monitors the effectiveness of the Smithsonian's recruitment efforts for minorities, women, and people with disabilities. As part of the Institution’s commitment to in- crease procurement opportunities for small, minority, and women-owned businesses, the office developed policies and procedures for implementing the Small Disadvantaged Business Utilization Program. For employees, the office made changes in the formal complaints program with a view toward resolving complaints before they are formally made.

Office of Environmental Management and Safety

William Billingsley, Director

The office continued its responsibility for ensuring that safety, fire protection and prevention, industrial hygiene, and envi- ronmental principles are integrated into all aspects of the

Smithsonian.

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Office of Facilities Services

Richard H. Rice Jr., Acting Director

This office, along with other organizations in the Facilities Services Group, focused on collaborative efforts to

improve service to the Institution. Among these activities

were long-range strategic facilities planning and expansion of an organizational development project on the treatment of people, with an emphasis on empowerment and

leadership.

Office of Human Resources

Susan Roehmer, Director

In an ongoing effort to improve human resources programs

and functions, the office identified ways to expedite the hiring process and give management greater personnel authority and flexibility. The office also continued to streamline the person-

nel function through state-of-the-art technology.

Office of Plant Services

Patrick Miller, Director

This office oversees the maintenance and operation of Smithsonian buildings and grounds and provides transporta- tion, mail, audiovisual, and related services. This year, the of- fice concentrated on improving customer service. A new customer service branch provides a central source for obtain-

ing information and services.

Office of Printing and Photographic Services

James Wallace, Director

The office continued its transition into increased digital delivery of photographic images. Each month, an average of 45,000 image files were delivered worldwide on the Internet (http://photol.si.edu). Coinciding with the launch of the Smithsonian's World Wide Web sire, the office brought its own Web server online (http://phoro2.si.edu).

By year’s end, this server was delivering thousands of

files daily from the office's collections. The office continued to provide digital image files to the consumer public through America Online, CompuServe, GEnie, and other online

services.

Office of Protection Services

Michael J. Sofield, Acting Director

The office continued to emphasize training for security officers as it seeks to protect Smithsonian facilities and col- lections. Nearly all officers have completed the first round of basic training, which has been reinforced with refresher and leadership courses. The office designed a program to respond to the increasing threat of violence in the work- place; provided a state-of-the-art security system for the George Gustav Heye Center of the National Museum of the American Indian; and designed a security system for the Hope Diamond display, for the new Hall of Geology, Gems and Minerals at the National Museum of Natural History, and for the National Museum of the American

Indian’s Cultural Resources Center.

Office of Risk and Asset Management

Sudeep Anand, Treasurer

This office manages the Smithsonian endowment and working capital funds and provides risk and insurance management services to protect the Institution's assets against risk or loss. It also evaluates and develops financing for large new trust projects and implements real estate

transactions.

Office of Sponsored Projects

Ardelle Foss, Director

This office served Smithsonian researchers and scholars by supporting their efforts in submitting 161 proposals valued at $24 million and by negotiating and accepting for the In- stitution 120 grant and contract awards having a value of $14.2 million. The staff also supported researchers and scholars throughout the lifetime of 600 ongoing awards valued at $50 million.

Ombudsman

Chandra Heilman, Ombudsman

This year, the Smithsonian Ombudsman worked with man- agers and approximately 250 employees as a neutral party to resolve work-related concerns. The Smithsonian Employee Emergency Assistance Fund, coordinated by the Ombuds- man; the Employee Assistance Program; and the Agriculture Federal Credit Union made more than 75 loans to help employees through personal financial difficulties.

Institutional Advancement

Institutional Advancement

Alice Green Burnette, Assistant Secretary

The wide-ranging development activities of the Smithsonian are the responsibility of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Institutional Advancement. The office coordinates the Institution's broad efforts with those of the museums and re- search institutes to ensure that the Smithsonian receives the fullest possible private support for its research, exhibitions, and educational and public service activities. The office also conducts special studies and demonstration projects on behalf of the Institution.

During 1995, the assistant secretary continued to oversee marketing efforts for the Institution’s 150th anniversary cele- bration in 1996. The marketing plan includes activities in public relations, advertising, communications, fund raising, visitor services, membership, telecommunications, and busi- ness operations.

The office continued to coordinate the National Campaign for the National Museum of the American Indian. During the opening celebration for the museum’s George Gustav Heye Center in New York City in October 1994, the campaign raised $1.3 million.

In June 1995, the office coordinated a traditional blessing ceremony and other events in connection with groundbreak- ing for the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s submilli- meter telescope array atop Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Associated events were supported by contributions from Aloha Airlines, Bank of Hawaii, and GTE Hawaiian Tel.

The assistant secretary held a seminar for the Institution's marketing and development staff during which participants heard presentations on the Smithsonian's economic impact on the area's economy, the results of the Smithsonian Institution Marketing Study, and the recruitment of Corporate Partners for the 1soth anniversary.

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In 1995, the secretary joined the Greater Washington Board of Trade. This membership led to collaboration between the Smithsonian and the board's Greater Washington Initiative, which seeks to attract businesses to the metropolitan area. The as- sistant secretary has provided leadership in this collaboration, which will further enhance the 150th anniversary celebration.

National Museum of the American Indian National Campaign

John L. Colonghi, National Campaign Director

The National Campaign for the National Museum of the American Indian is responsible for carrying out the fund-rais- ing plan that the Smithsonian Board of Regents adopted for the Museum. By legislative mandate, the Institution must provide one-third of the construction cost of the museum on the National Mall. The Campaign has established a goal of $60 million to fund construction, as well an endowment for ongoing educational and outreach programs.

In October, the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal National made a contribution of $10 million—the largest cash gift made to date to the Campaign and among the largest ever to the Institution. News of the contribution made headlines nationally, providing valuable visibility for the Campaign’s fund-raising efforts.

The Campaign utilized the opening of the National Museum of the American Indian George Gustav Heye Center in New York City as a vehicle for raising funds and visibility. An opening gala for 1,000 guests generated net revenue of nearly $1.3 mil- lion—the most successful such event for the Smithsonian. The Campaign also initiated special advertising, direct-mail, and pub- lic relations activities focused on the New York opening.

Program support for the Heye Center was provided by the AT&T Foundation, the Booth Ferris Foundation, the Educational Foundation of America, Toyota, The Hearst Foundation, Inc., The New York Times Company Foundation, and Con Edison.

A national membership program continued to generate funds, as well as to establish a nationwide base of supporters for the National Museum of the American Indian. To date, the membership program has generated gross revenue of al- most $9 million. Membership outreach continued to be exten- sive. Special member activities were held in New York, Los

Angeles, and San Francisco.

Office of Membership and Development

Marie A. Mattson, Director

The Office of Membership and Development (OMD) was cre- ated during fiscal year 1995 when the Contributing Member-

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ship Program merged with the Office of Development. OMD generates restricted and unrestricted private financial support for the Smithsonian from individual donors and Contributing Mem- bers and corporations and foundations, to fund Institutional prior- ities and museum and office-based projects and programs. The office maintains central research and record-keeping functions, manages volunteer organizations, oversees the stewardship of grants, and directs the Contributing Membership Program.

The Office of Membership and Development is responsible for the coordination of the Institution's Isoth Anniversary Cor- porate Partner Program. This program is an innovative mar- keting and outreach vehicle designed to promote greater public awareness for the incomparable scientific, historic, and cultural resources of the Smithsonian.

Major gifts and pledges to the Smithsonian during the past fiscal year (October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1995) in- cluded: $10,400,000 commitment from the Jerome H. and Dorothy Lemelson Foundation for The Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson Center for the study of Invention and Innovation and a supporting endowment at the National Museum of American History; a $1,100,000 grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting for the Smithsonian Astrophysical Ob- servatory; and $2,000,000 from Agnes Cowles Bourne for the Storage and Study Center at the Cooper-Hewitt, National De- sign Museum in New York, NY.

In keeping with its efforts to increase private support for the Institution and reach out to potential Smithsonian constituen- cies, the office has integrated the Contributing Membership Pro- gram into the office's overall strategic plan for donor involvement, communication, and recognition. In preparation for fiscal year 1996 and the Smithsonian's 1soth Anniversary celebra- tion, the office has launched a variety of creative initiatives de- signed to streamline the program and expand the membership.

The Smithsonian Corporate Membership Program continues to expand in membership with corporations representing various industries and geographic locations. The Corporate Program grew from 37 members in 1994 to 47 members in 199s. In the Spring, executives of national and international corporations, members of Congress, and Smithsonian leaders met at the annual Corporate Membership Luncheon to discuss “The Power of Learn- ing in an Enlightened Information Age,” which featured the Smithsonian online capabilities and other educational initiatives

which impact technology, science, and the humanities.

Office of Special Events and

Conference Services Nicole L. Krakora, Director The Office of Special Events and Conference Services (OSECS)

organizes special events and conferences throughout the Insti-

tution that contribute to developing and maintaining import-

ant current and potential constituencies. In 1995, the office coordinated activities with Smithsonian museums and research centers, corporations, and organizations whose missions coincide with those of the Institution. Each year, the office coordinates special events for the Board of Re- gents, the Secretary, Under secretary, and Provost, and for the Smithsonian Institution Council. The office also helps Smithsonian scholars and managers plan and coordinate conferences, international symposiums, and collaborative programs.

OSECS coordinated the annual black-tie dinner honoring members of the James Smithson Society, held on October 14 at the National Zoo’s Amazonia exhibition.

The exhibition opening reception for “Voyages and Visions: Nineteenth-Century European Images of the Mid- dle East from the Victoria and Albert Museum,” a major International Gallery exhibition, was planned and executed by OSECS.

In May 1995, the queen of Thailand visited the National Museum of Natural History to commemorate the soth anniversary of the king’s accession to the throne and to review the museum's Thai collections. OSECS coordinated the program in Baird Auditorium and the reception in the Rotunda.

OSECS assisted staff and coordinated several major con- ferences throughout 1995, including “What's American about American Quilts?” The Fourth International Conference on Tethers in Space,” and the 58th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting.

Smithsonian National Board

Wilbur L. Ross, Chair

Jean B. Kilborne, Vice Chair

Smithsonian National Board members work for the ad- vancement of the Institution as advocates and as private sector advisers to the Secretary and Under Secretary, as well as through personal financial support and fund-raising activities.

Wilbur L. Ross and Jean B. Kilborne served as Chair and Vice Chair during 1995.

With the leadership of the Smithsonian National Board, the Smithsonian Fund for the Future endowment initiative is helping to increase private contributions and provide a long- term base of private support.

Board members contributed nearly $625,000 in annual support to the Institution. These funds were earmarked for the Board Annual Giving Fund to underwrite expansion of the Smithsonian's constituencies. The contributions also

supported special projects throughout the Institution.

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Gloria Shaw Hamilton, Chair

The Smithsonian Women's Committee serves as an ongoing source of support for a variety of Institutional programs through volunteer fund-raising and public relations services.

In 1995, the Committee voted to fund 23 projects in the amount of $240,936.16 at 13 Smithsonian museums and of- fices. The Discovery Theater received a grant for $7,400 funded by the Hildegard van Roijen Memorial Fund.

This year, the Smithsonian Craft Show was relocated to the National Building Museum, which allowed the Committee to increase the number of exhibitor booths to 120. The Commit- tee received 1270 applications for the Show, which promotes an awareness of crafts in the Washington metropolitan area and serves as a fund-raising event for the Smithsonian. The Show features one-of-a-kind and limited-edition pieces and has generated over $1.2 million to benefit research and educa- tonal projects at the Smithsonian during its 13 years of opera- uon. The 1995 Show, held in April, raised over $250,000.

Other Functions

Business Management Office

Nancy E. Johnson, Senior Business Officer

The Business Management Office consists of three revenue- generating business activities: Retail Operations (comprising Museum Shops and the Mail Order divisions), Concessions, and Product Development and Licensing. It also oversees Business Development, which identifies additional revenue opportunities for the Institution. In midyear, oversight of the Marketing Database was transferred to the Office of Member- ship and Development.

In June, Retail Operations opened its first permanent retail location outside of a Smithsonian museum in the new Obser- vation Gallery at Baltimore-Washington International Air- port. The shop features Smithsonian items and items related to flight. To support the shop, general information about the Smithsonian 1s displayed in the airport terminal.

A new outdoor restaurant opened in July on the plaza of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. The Full Cir- cle, which takes its name from the museum's architecture, is open from April through September.

Last year's merger of the Museum Shops and Mail Order di- visions has resulted in almost $1 million in savings in opera- tional costs with minimal reduction in staff. Sales for both

operations have remained steady.

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Product Development and Licensing signed several import- ant new licensing agreements in 1995, including an agreement with Avon Products, Inc., for jewelry based on Smithsonian collections. This division also spent significant time in prepar- ing for the licensed merchandising opportunities that will re-

sult from the Institution's 1soth Anniversary celebration in 1996.

Office of Communications

David J. Umansky, Director

The Office of Communications is responsible for the public face of the Institution. Its Office of Public Affairs is dedicated to media relations, publications, and public relations. The Vis- itor Information and Associates’ Reception Area serves the 28 million people who visit the Smithsonian each year. Both groups began intensive preparations for the observance of the Institution's 1soth anniversary in 1996.

Office of Public Affairs

Through media relations and publications, the Office of Pub- lic Affairs (OPA) informs the American public, people around the world, and Smithsonian employees about the exhibitions, programs, and research activities of the Smithsonian. The of- fice provides the news media with press releases (more than 600 this year), photographs, written material, videotapes, and public service announcements. Its publications include Re- search Reports (a quarterly bulletin), Smithsonian Runner (a bi- monthly newsletter about Native American activities at the Smithsonian), and the Torch (a monthly employee newspaper), as well as brochures for the public.

When it was launched on May 8, the Smithsonian’s Home Page (http://www.si.edu) instantly became one of the most popular sites on the World Wide Web. The Home Page fea- tures a rich variety of online exhibitions, services, informa- tion, images, and sound recordings.

The opening of the “Enola Gay” exhibition at the National Air and Space Museum was covered intensely by U.S. and for- eign news media. More than 200 journalists, including 85 tele- vision crews, attended the media preview on June 27.

Earlier in the fiscal year, OPA organized the publicity cam- paign for the opening of the New York facility of the Na- tional Museum of the American Indian on October 30. A week of special previews for the media, donors, members, and other guests culminated in a Native American blessing on the steps of the building. Extensive media coverage reached mil-

lions of Americans.

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This year, the office issued a number of updated publica- tions, including the Smithsonian’s general information bro- chure, “Latino Resources at the Smithsonian,” and “Native American Resources at the Smithsonian.” Information from these and other OPA publications is available on the Smithsonian's Home Page on the World Wide Web.

OPA continued its program designed to reach new audi- ences with a radio advertising campaign geared to local African American listeners and a print advertising campaign targeting Latino readers.

Activities for the commemoration of the Smithsonian's 150th anniversary in 1996 began with a news conference on March 27. Secretary Heyman described plans for the celebra- tion, from a major event on the National Mall to a traveling exhibition of treasures from the collections.

Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception

Mary Grace Potter, Director

Celebrating its 25th anniversary, the Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center (VIARC) continues to operate as a multi-program information and support organization respon- sible for Institution-wide information and assistance services for the public, Associate members, Smithsonian staff, and vol- unteers. Several VIARC programs operate seven days a week and involve the coordination and direction of two large corps of volunteers who constitute a primary source of support for the Institution's public information activities and for project assistance behind the scenes.

Responsibilities of the Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center include: the Smithsonian Information Cen- ter, the Institution's primary orientation and information facil- ity for visitors; Public Inquiry Mail and Telephone Information Services, the Smithsonian's central information and referral point for public correspondence and phone inquir- ies; the Volunteer Information Specialist Program through which volunteers are recruited and trained to staff telephone information stations and information desks in most of the Institution's 14 Washington, DC museums; the Castle Docent Program through which tours of the Smithsonian Insticution Building are conducted; the Behind-the-Scenes Volunteer Pro- gram, a registration and placement activity for volunteers working in independent projects pan-Institution; a Pre-Visit Education Program which provides the principal Smithsonian contract with the local, national and international tour and travel industry; and an Exterior Graphic Information System through which out-of-doors wayfinding assistance is provided to visitors. VIARC’s Information Resource Division main- tains multiple computer-based information systems and pro-

duces the variety of printed reference materials, information

aids and publications that support all VIARC public informa- tion activities and service programs. Additionally this Divi- sion is responsible for the pre-publication review of all Smithsonian visitor information materials.

Operating from 9 a.m.-5:30 p.m. daily, the Smithsonian Information Center attracted well over 1.7 million visitors in FY 95 an increase of 7.9% over FY 94. New seating was purchased for the Center in keeping with ADA guidelines and the number of sofas was increased to better accommo- date the visiting public. The Center's capacity to promote Institutional programs and initiatives was expanded with the installation of graphic message capability in both orientation theaters. Reception services were provided to 35,309 Associates and their families. 2,863 member- ships were sold and 260 Castle tours engaged 2,912 participants.

Museum information desk services continued daily at 16 lo- cations in 13 museums. Automated information retrieval was operational at 11 desk sites and all phone information stations. Multiple training classes on how to use VIARC'’s InfoTools computer program equipped volunteers with the skills needed to fully utilize the system. 67 new Information Specialists were added to the corps.

Incoming public mail inquiries numbered 44,617 (+ 4%). Ourgoing mail numbered 79,823 pieces. Inquiries resulting from VIARC'’s participation on America OnLine escalated to 7,123 (+160%). Public telephone inquiries totaled 303,627 up 2% from "94.

224 new volunteers were recruited and placed in projects behind the scenes. 398 were registered for other staff. Total volunteers participating in behind the scenes projects during the year numbered 1,103. 130 documents representing 10 different languages were translated for SI staff. Evaluations from volunteers completing projects were positive with few exceptions.

The Instirution-wide volunteer survey conducted annually by VIARC counted a total of 5,412 volunteers who contrib- uted some

472,766 hours of service to the Institution during FY 95. The January supplement of The Torch recognized the contribu- tions of volunteers Institution-wide and focused upon new areas in which volunteers were participating.

Information Specialists took advantage of some 29 in- service training opportunities designed to increase their knowledge and understanding of the work and collections of the Insticution.

Appreciation events were held for both VIARC'’s behind- the-scenes and information volunteers. Secretary Heyman ad- dressed the Information Specialists at their event in December. The InfoSpecia! newsletter, produced quarterly, highlighted a cross section of Institution exhibitions and pro- grams while also reporting on volunteer activities.

Efforts continued in FY 95 to extend use of VIARC'’s infor- mation database which became a primary resource for the Institution’s World Wide Web Home Page project. External

on-line communications expanded to include the Washington Post's Digital Ink.

Work with the courism industry continued through partici- pation in major marketplace activities, liaison with local hos- pitality, convention, and visitors associations and on-line through TravelFile. To promote the Smithsonian as a major destination for international travelers VIARC co-hosted two Smithsonian receptions, one for principal international tour operators and another for premier Concierges. Ads were de- signed and placed in key industry publications to promote travel to the Smithsonian during our Sesquicentennial year. Efforts with the American Bus Association resulted in the Smithsonian being selected as one of the top 100 destinations for visitors in 1996.

Efforts to address the Institution's accessibility and cultural diversity goals were on-going. 36% of new Volunteer Informa- tion Specialists represented minority constituencies. 18% of new volunteers placed in projects behind the scenes were known to be minorities. Printed information in the form of “Samplers” was produced for all Heritage Celebrations and 24 hour recorded information tapes were also provided. Publica- tions were revised to reflect adherence to accessibility guide- lines as new updates were required.

New public information initiatives included participation on Bell Atlantic's InfoTravel system installed in area hotels and Guest Info, an independent voice mail information sys- tem made available to hotel guests. An outreach project of the Provost provided another opportunity to promote the Insticu- tion as an important visitor destination. VIARC played a major role in shaping the new display at the Baltimore Wash- ington International Airport and the message. Photo images and text from the Information Center’s backlit panels and our Castle model form the primary features.

Office of Government Relations

M. John Berry, Director

As the primary liaison with the Congress, the President, and other federal, state, and local entities, the Office of Govern- ment Relations represents the Institution on matters of policy, operations, and governance. It is the coordinator and advocate of the Smithsonian's overall interests and positions in the leg- islative process as well as the central provider of congressional constituent services and outreach activities.

During 1995, the office oversaw the enactment of legisla- tion appointing two citizen members to the Smithsonian Board of Regents.

Government Relations staff sought enactment of legisla- tion authorizing the minting of commemorative coins in ob- servance of the Institution's 1soth anniversary. Staff members

also continued legislative negotiations to establish the Na-

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tional African American Museum in the Arts and Industries

Building.

Office of Planning, Management, and Budget

L. Carole Wharton, Director

The Office of Planning, Management, and Budget provides analytical and budgetary information to aid the secretary and other senior staff in decision making. Working with Smithsonian management, the office presents the Institution's budget request to the Congress, executes and monitors cur- rent-year funding, develops the Smithsonian's response to the second phase of the National Performance Review, and initi- ates studies to support the secretary's strategic planning pro- cess. The office is developing a network to allow the rapid exchange of information with all Smithsonian units and the re- trieval of documents central to the Institution's operations.

Office of Telecommunications

Paul B. Johnson, Director, Office of Telecommunications

The Office of Telecommunications, the Smithsonian's elec- tronic media production center, accomplished several of its major goals by developing a wide range of programming in television, radio, and multimedia for new audiences. These Smithsonian-based programs involve the latest technologies, pan-institutional working relationships, and solid marketing plans to assure their success in broadening the Institution's reach.

The Office, with the Smithsonian Institution Press, began developing a major children’s television series for 8- to 12-year- olds, in conjunction with Lancit Media Productions, Ltd. As the first children’s series to spotlight the Smithsonian, it aims to use the museums and collections as catalysts for exploration and adventure, and provide a new opportunity for the Institu- tion to reach young audiences nationwide. Plans include si- multaneous development of multimedia programs, games, and books as well as ancillary educational materials.

Looking toward the Smithsonian's Isoth anniversary cele- bration, Radio Smithsonian was awarded funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting to create Black Radio: Telling It Like It Was. the first radio series to document the his- tory of Black radio in America. The 13-part series, hosted by Lou Rawls, will air on public radio in January 1996 and again in September 1996. The project received additional funding

from the James Smithson Society.

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Two other Radio Smithsonian series, the multiple award- winning Fo/e Masters and popular Jazz Smithsonian continued their successful runs on stations in the U.S. and overseas.

After an innovative marketing campaign, Fo/k Masters dou- bled its radio station carriage. Jazz Smithsonian, hosted by Lena Horne, was heard on 185 stations and became the most successful jazz series ever distributed by Public Radio Interna- tional. The Office created a jazz calendar, Radio Smithsonian Presents Jazz 1995-1996, in cooperation with National Museum of American History's Cultural History Division and the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES), to promote the radio series and the many jazz activities of the Institution.

The Office continued to play a leadership role in multime- dia by establishing new relationships with two publishers for the production of CD-ROM titles. Programs in production in- clude: Information Age, a look at the social impact of technol- ogy, to be distributed by Philips Media; Insect World, a view of arthropods in a variety of habitats, to be distributed by The Voyager Company; and 150 Years of America's Smithsonian: D1s- covering, Imagining, Remembering. to be distributed by Macmil- lan Digital. A direct mail campaign promoting existing Smithsonian/Philips CD-i titles drew an excellent response from individuals requesting additional information on Smithsonian electronic media.

A new contract berween the Smithsonian and Hot Shots/Cool Cuts, Inc. of New York will greatly enhance licens- ing of the Office of Telecommunications’ extensive library of film and video footage. This arrangement makes Smithsonian footage available co television and film producers in a system- atic manner, and promises a new source of revenue for the Institution.

The Office produced videos for museum exhibitions includ- ing First Ladies: Political Role and Public Image, a video for the new theater in NMAH's First Ladies exhibition; Think Tank. a multi-screen video for the National Zoological Park’s exhibi- tion examining animal intelligence; and six videos for the Ex- ploring Marine Ecosystems hall at NMNH. Meet the Ellington Orchestra, the interactive video produced by the Office for the SITES’ exhibition Beyond Category: The Musical Genius of Duke Ellington won a Silver Medal at the New York International Multimedia Festival.

To expand distribution into the home video market of the film In Open Air: A Portrait of American Impressionists, the Smithsonian Women’s Committee funded the repackag- ing and marketing of In Open Air to target markets of art enthusiasts, particularly National Museum of American Art members and museum shops. The campaign was suc- cessfully completed, and the video is now on sale in over a dozen museum shops nationwide, including Smithsonian museum ‘shops.

A James Smithson Society grant was awarded to the Office to purchase hardware to allow creation of high-quality video, graphics, and audio materials for the Smithsonian Home Page on the World Wide Web. This equipment will also be used to

enhance development of web sites operated by individual mu- seums and offices throughout the Institution.

In collaboration with the Filmmakers Collaborative of Bos- ton and KajimaVision Productions of Toyko, the Office began developing a four-part television series exploring music along the Mississippi River. Called River of Song, this project will travel through the heartland of America focusing on the musi- cians, storytellers, and writers who share the unique culture of their communities along the Mississippi. Other components of the project include a radio series produced by Radio Smithsonian and a book/CD package to be developed with SI Press.

Office of the Senior Information Officer

Arthur Denny, Director

The Office of the Senior Information Officer was established this year to develop Smithsonian information technology pol- icy and coordinate strategic management. It incorporates the Office of Information Technology (formerly the Office of In- formation Resource Management). In this year of restructur- ing, the office began evaluating functional and organizational models and established a strategic planning advisory group. The office was also at the forefront of the Smithsonian's elec- tronic transformation.

In April, the office cohosted the “21st-Century Classroom” demonstration project, which showcased an array of educa- tional technology for the kindergarten through 12th-grade au- dience.

In May, the office launched the Smithsonian’s home page on the World Wide Web (http://www.si.edu). The home page supplements the office's other online initiatives with extensive general information, colorful exhibitions, and research mate- rial. It attracted favorable notice in the general and trade press and remains one of the most popular World Wide Web sites.

The Smithsonian Associates

Mara Mayor, Director

During 1995, The Smithsonian Associates (TSA) reached out to Smithsonian members and to the general public with an en- ticing array of educational and cultural programs that were carefully designed to highlight and complement the work of the Institution. The Resident Associate and Young Benefac- tors programs offered a wide array of events for those in the greater Washington, D.C., area. Opportunities to experience the Smithsonian's riches away from the National Mall were

available to those who participated in special regional pro- grams and in national and international study tours and seminars.

TSA's offerings provide audiences in the greater Washing- ton area with a Campus on the Mall that truly is unlike any other campus in the world. Participants were enthralled with lectures across a wide spectrum of subjects. Some of the more notable speakers included Nobel Peace Prize recipient Arch- bishop Desmond Tutu, playwright Neil Simon, British mys- tery writer P. D. James, Pulitzer Prize recipients David McCullough and Carl Sagan, and former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. The public's fascination with food and its cultural meaning was affirmed by the 1,600 people who at- tended a Smithsonian Gala Celebration featuring Master Chefs Julia Child and Jacques Pepin, with food critic Phyllis Richman as moderator. Associates were also dazzled by per- sonal appearances from such well-know personalities as Betty White, Charlton Heston, Lauren Bacall, Gregory Hines, and Carol Channing, each of whom discussed their life and art.

TSA's Campus on the Mall also offered a wide variety of weekend seminars. This year’s favorites included “The Spirit of Finland: A Celebration of the Senses,” “Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Sipan,” “Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Af- rica” and “Frank Lloyd Wright: Visionary Genius of Modern Architecture.”

For a still more penetrating examination of a subject, TSA offered an expansive range of multi-week courses in the arts, humanities, and sciences. Popular courses included “Robert E. Lee: A Study in Leadership,” “The Great Books of Western Civilization,” “Whodunit—And How: Criminal Investiga- tion with Forensic Scientists,” and “Interacting with the Inter- net: Its Impact on Society.” Theater-lovers delved into the creation of the American musical as it evolved from a book to a full-blown, live production in “American Musical Theater: From the Page to the Stage,” which was offered in conjunc- tion with Signature Theater. A five-week course celebrating the 75th anniversary of the National Football League featured NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue, former Dallas Cowboy coach Tom Landry, ABC’s Frank Gifford, and former players Gale Sayers, Mel Blunt, Ray Nitschke, Orto Graham, and Marion Motley.

The ever-popular performers of the Emerson String Quartet played to sold-out audiences for the 15th straight year, while the Smithsonian Chamber Music Society presented a com- prehensive season of extraordinary music performed on origi- nal instruments from the National Museum of American History’s prestigious collection. Additional performing artists gracing Smithsonian stages mirrored the cultural diversity of the nation including “Chinese Kunqu Opera Theater,” “Boca Livre—Sounds of Brazil,” “Alrtan: The Heartbeat of Ireland,” the first U.S. performance by the Vietnamese “Perfume River Traditional Ensemble,” “Conjunto Cespedes: Sizzling Sounds of Cuba,” “Cuatro Tablas—Teatro de Protesta from Peru,” “Jose Greco and Company,” and the “T.S. Monk Sextet,” to

name just a few.

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Young people and families participated in lectures, tours, classes, and special events. A Halloween party featured Spider- Man, who was joined by real-life cronies in the dynamic inter- active exhibition “Spiders!” at the National Museum of Natural History. International Children’s Day, sponsored with the Embassy of Italy, offered children and their parents a chance to sing along with Italian actor Carlo Cicala as he taught holiday songs and told children’s folktales. “The Mak- ing of the Lion King: From Film to Book” gave youngsters a chance to get behind the scenes of the movie that became an instant classic. Live theater was also enjoyed by over 75,000 youngsters from elementary through middle school, thanks to the 12 different productions presented at Discovery Theater, including “When Lions Could Fly,” “Coyote Walk and other Native American Tales,” and the children’s favorite classic, “Aesop's Fables.”

The Young Benefactors (YB), the Smithsonian membership group aimed at Washington-area professionals 25—45 years of age, continued their outreach and fundraising efforts by rais- ing a record $100,000 for the Institution during 1995. Young Benefactors hosted and participated in the following activi- ties: “Under the Sea,” a YB extravaganza highlighting the Ocean Planet exhibit at the National Museum of Natural His- tory; “Boot, Scoot, and Boogie at the National Zoo;” and “Tour de YB,” a bicycle excursion to Smithsonian's Conserva- tion and Research Center at Front Royal, Virginia. YB mem- bers celebrated their most successful year ever at the sixth annual Blast-Off Black Tie Gala and Silent Auction held ar the National Air and Space Museum.

Specially designed weekend programs brought Smithsonian scholars to locales beyond the National Mall. TSA concluded its 10-city sequence of educational events in California, begun the year before, with programs in San Francisco and Los Ange- les under the theme, “Many Cultures, One Nation.” Working closely with the Arts Council of El Paso, Texas, and the Uni- versity of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, TSA presented a borderland series of events in both English and Spanish. In addition, an exceptionally well-received series was presented as part of the Scranton Preparatory School's soth anniversary commemora- tion, in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

Study tours and seminars were enjoyed by Associates who had the chance to experience the Smithsonian without having to come to Washington, D.C. Seminar participants traveled the globe from Indonesia to Ireland, from California to the District of Columbia, studying a variety of topics through four- and five-day intensive educational experiences. Some of the most popular seminars introduced Associates to ecological issues in Yosemite National Park, to the history of the atomic bomb at Los Alamos, and to the beauty and imagery of Monet's art. To make it more convenient for Associates to learn about domestic travel with the Smithsonian, the listing of U.S. seminars was combined into one catalog with the na- tional study tours.

Smithsonian national tours took Associates to breathtaking

out-of-the-way places such as Alaska’s spectacular fjords and

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glaciers on “Exploring Alaska’s Coastal Wilderness.” “Spring Gardens of the Delaware Valley” covered one of the most hor- ticulturally rich areas in the U.S., with visits to the duPont es- tate gardens of Longwood and Winterthur. New domestic study tours in 1995 included “Railroading the Appalachi- ans”and “Arizona History and Architecture.”

International study tours continued to lure Associates, offer- ing them a chance to see regions of the world through the unique perspectives that only the Smithsonian offers. After a four-year hiatus, Associates returned to Central Asia and the new countries of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan (formerly of the U.S.S.R). The Smithsonian's first tour to Syria focused on the classical archaeological sites Palmyra and Apamea, while new tours to Vietnam provided an intimate look into this rapidly changing country.

TSA also launched several important initiatives in 1995. A very special collaboration with SITES and “Artrain: America’s Museum in Motion” resulted in the development of a traveling exhibition highlighting works from The Smithsonian Associates’ wonderfully varied commissioned art. In March 1996, the exhibition will begin a nationwide three-year trip via the railways to communities traditionally under-served by museums. TSA also started an audiotape collection of some of its well-regarded speakers. To be known as “Voices from The Smithsonian Associates,” the collection will build over the coming years, making it possible for people around the country to enjoy a varied selection of the best Resident Associate programs. TSA also took an important step in strengthening its ability to provide outstanding customer service with the implementation of new ticketing systems for all its events.

Smithsonian Institution Press

Daniel H. Goodwin, Acting Director

In the more than 125 titles the Press publishes or distrib- utes each year, there is a range of scholarship from techni- cal science and academic subjects through general-interest illustrated works, classic recordings, historic videos, and high-volume works created with commercial partners. As the Institution's publisher, the Press is responsible for Smithsonian Year and Annals of the Smithsonian as well as other statute-mandated documents for distribution to Depository Libraries and the international academic com- munity. Books, recordings, and videos are printed and manufactured with nonfederal funds and are sold to the trade through commissioned sales representatives,

direct response strategies, and copublishing

agreements.

Smithsonian Institution University Press published 74 books in 1995. Notable titles included Hajj Parntings: Folk Art of the Great Pilgrimage (also published as a German edi- tion); Ethics on the Ark. which launched a new book series in zoo and aquarian biology and conservation; The Civil War in Popular Culture, a History Book Club selection; In the Alleys: Kids in the Shadow of the Capitol: The Emergence of Pottery: Tech- nology and Innovation in Ancient Societies; African Nomadic Archi- tecture: Space, Place. and Gender; Secrets of the Dark Chamber: The American Daguerreotype. published with NMAA; and From Air- ships to Airbus: The History of Civil Aviation (in two volumes). Editorial work also began on America’s Smithsonian: Celebrating 150 Years, the companion volume to the planned exhibition of the best of the Institution's collections, which will travel to twelve U.S. cities in honor of the Smithsonian's sesquicenten- nial. Press books received numerous design and editorial awards. Prominent among the award-winners were Eakins and the Photograph. The Fossils of the Burgess Shale, and A Quest for Grandeur: Charles Moore and the Federal Triangle. Translations of SIUP books appeared in Japanese, French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Korean. Smithsonian Book Development copublished, with Dorling Kindersley, Smithsonian Timeline of Invention. The federal Series pub- lished more than 25 titles in the Contributions and Studies research volumes.

Smithsonian Books published The Smithsonian:

150 Years of Adventure, Discovery, and Wonder, in com- memoration of the founding of the Institution. The book will be sold in book stores by Alfred A. Knopf. Smithsonian Books also published Discover America: The Smithsonian Book of National Parks; copublished, with Random House, the first four volumes of The Smzthso- nian Guides to Natural America; and oversaw production of the last three volumes in the Ancient Civilizations series.

Smithsonian Collection of Recordings published the final four recordings in the American Songbook Series, music produced to honor twentieth-century American songwriters. Another series, the music of Great American Orchestras, began publication in February. A four CD/cas- sette set titled | Got Rhythm: The Music of George Gershwin, was released in June, followed by a two CD/cassette collec- tion of the love songs of World War II, You'd Be So Nice to Come Home To. Two coproductions were undertaken: with BMG Music, the three CD/cassette Victory Collection: The Smithsonian Remembers When America Went to War; and with Sony Music, the four CD/cassette Grammy Award-winning Louis Armstrong: Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1923- 1934. The final release this year was Big Band Renaissance, another Grammy hopeful.

Smithsonian Video released a thirteen-part series of selected segments of Smithsonian World; coproduced, with Station WGBH Boston, the Nova series entitled Haman Origins; and released the five-part series Dreams of Flight to commemorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Apollo mission.

Smithsonian Magazine

Ronald C. Walker, Publisher

Don Moser, Editor

Since its founding in 1970, Smithsonian magazine has extended the Institution’s message, expanded its influence, and in- creased its public visibility throughout the United States and abroad. Considered one of the greatest success stories in maga- zine publishing history, Smzthsonian is now the 21st largest magazine in the country, with a circulation of 2.1 million. Ir continues to generate revenue for the Institution.

Editorial subjects extend beyond the scope of the Institution’s museums. Leading authors contribute articles about the arts, history, the environment, conservation and the sciences, always written with the layperson in mind. Monthly features include “Phenomena, comment, and notes,” a com- mentary on nature and the natural world; “Smithsonian perspec- tives,” a column by the Smithsonian secretary; and reviews of recently released nonfiction. Smithsonian activities are covered in three regular departments: “Around the mall and beyond,” “Smithsonian highlights,” and “The object at hand.”

Institution-related features included cover stories on the opening of the George Gustav Heye Center of the National Museum of the American Indian and the White House craft show, and articles or picture stories on the Mary Fraser batik show at the National Air & Space Museum, the Hiroshima Kazuo basket exhibition and the Painted Prayers exhibition at the Sackler Gallery; Smithsonian bamboo research in Peru; the Smithsonian Libraries’ “Art and the Book” exhbition and the “Save Our Sculpture” program.

Other subjects covered during the year reflected the magazine's broad and diverse interests. To name just a few: Frederick Douglass, Haida artist Robert Davidson, the art of the Hermitage, the controversy over the disposal of nuclear waste, crash dummies, the music of Motown, killer whales, the special world of left-handers, the history of trial by jury and the upcoming Pathfinder probe of Mars.

In April the magazine published a special issue to mark its 25th anniversary. The issue updated selected articles from each of the 25 years, and offered a varied menu of stories on unex- pected subjects — from the world inside a cubic foot of air to a selection of little-known museums. The magazine will pres- ent a special issue in the spring of 1996 to commemorate the Institution's 15oth anniversary.

In partnership with the American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA), the magazine awarded the fourth annual ASTA/Smithsontan Magazine Environmental Award to Inter- Continental Hotels Corporation and the Natal Parks Board of South Africa. The award recognizes outstanding achievements by individuals, corporations, and countries toward furthering the goals of environmental conservation, particularly within

the tourism industry.

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To further carry the goals of the Institution across America, in November, the magazine merged onto the information su- perhighway via America On Line. In May, it went a step fur- ther and established a home page on the World Wide Web. Through its electronic sites, Smzthsonian now features each issue's columns and abstracts of feature stories, as well as infor- mation on Smithsonian Institution activities and events.

Smithsonian magazine's Adopt-a-Library program, initiated in May 1995, by August had received more than 9,000 orders to donate gift subscriptions to libraries. Another new pro- gram, the Teachers’ Membership instituted in the summer of

1995, is geared to teachers and educators.

Air & Space/Smithsonian Magazine

Ronald C. Walker, Publisher George C. Larson, Editor

Air & Space/Smithsonian is published bimonthly as a benefit of membership in the National Air and Space Museum. With a circulation of 320,000, it ranks in the top half of major maga- zines in the United States and has the largest paid circulation of any aerospace periodical in the world. Since 1990, just four years after its launch, the magazine has generated revenue for the Institution.

Articles cover the range of air- and space-related topics that appeal to the magazine's general readership. Regular features include “In the Museum,” a column about happenings in the museum; “Soundings,” short takes on events in the aerospace community; “Above and Beyond,” usually a first-person ac- count of personal experience; “Collections,” a narrated tour of less-visited aerospace museums and collections; and “From the Field,” a section in which scientists provide first-person ac- counts of their work.

During the year, Arr & Space/Smithsonian prepared its first contemporaneous editorial feature and video, “Runways of Fire.” The subject is based on ‘50s Cold War advanced test flight experiments that involved launching fully loaded jet fighters from flat-bed trucks as deterrents to a first strike from the Soviets. Trucks were used to test the feasibility of launch- ing warheads in the event runways were damaged or non- existent. Although never put into action, the tests were successful. The one-hour video was produced throughout the year to be presented along with a related story in the Oct./Nov. 1995 issue.

A presence on the World Wide Web netted immediate suc- cess for Air & Space/Smithsonian. After only two months of op- eration, the magazine's on-line site was awarded Point Surveys’s Top 5% Award in July, based on surveys of World Wide Web users and experts in Internet design and content

evaluation.

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When the Smithsonian Institution celebrates its 150th anni- versary in 1996, it will be even more special for Azr G Space/Smithsonian, as this momentous occasion coincides with the magazine's 1oth anniversary. The magazine has been work- ing on a special issue to celebrate these unique anniversaries.

Affiliated Organizations

John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

James D. Wolfensohn, Chairman Lawrence J. Wilker, President

As the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts en- tered its 25th anniversary season, it prepared to celebrate a quarter-century of achievement as a guiding force in the nation’s cultural life. Its six theaters host the finest American and international artists for performances that attract nearly 2 million people each year. Through television and radio broad- casts and nationwide outreach efforts, the center reaches mil- lions more people across the country. The center has a strong tradition of nurturing new works and young artists, serving young people through its Education Department, and offering exemplary art education programs for teachers and students.

The Kennedy Center's new online network, ARTSEDGE, pro- vided access to information about the center's innovative teacher education programs. Other national outreach pro- grams included a touring production of Alice in Wonderland and the center's third biannual “New Visions/New Voices” workshops for authors of new theatrical works for young people.

The National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) commissioned 25 new fanfares by American composers in honor of the Ken- nedy Center's 25th anniversary season—also the NSO’s 65th season and its first programmed by Music Director Designate Leonard Slatkin. The NSO’s third annual American Residency program took orchestra members to Maine for two weeks of performances, master classes, and other educational activities.

The Kennedy Center celebrated the “Routes of American Music” during its annual Open House Arts Festival, which emphasized blues, jazz, gospel, and other genres of American popular music. An ambitious season of jazz programming in- cluded the second season of Billy Taylor's Jazz at the Kennedy Center, taped for broadcast on National Public Radio.

The “Exploring Ballet with Suzanne Farrell” residency pro- gram was opened to dance students nationwide in 1995. To mark its 25th anniversary, the center launched a five-year retro- spective of American modern dance and extended the success- ful Kennedy Center Ballet Commissioning Project.

Meanwhile, the second year of the Kennedy Center/Dance Theatre of Harlem Community Residency initiative involved more than I00 local students and their families.

The center’s new production of How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying. starring Matthew Broderick, played in the Opera House before beginning a successful Broadway run. Washington audiences had their first look at Ange/s in Amer- ica. the Pulitzer Prize-winning play by Tony Kushner devel- oped with financial support from the Kennedy Center Fund for New American Plays.

National Gallery of Art

Earl A. Powell III, Director

The National Gallery of Art serves the United States in a na- tional role by preserving, collecting, exhibiting, and fostering the understanding of works of art at the highest possible mu- seum and scholarly standards.

The temporary exhibition program continued to offer a selection of subjects and artists designed to appeal to widely diverse audiences. During the past year, exhibitions included original Italian Renaissance wooden architectural models of St. Peter’s in Rome and the cathedrals of Flor- ence and Pavia; “The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eigh- teenth Century”; the work of 2orth-century Dutch painter Piet Mondrian; a Claes Oldenburg survey; the mature work of Arshile Gorky; the most comprehensive gathering of work by James McNeill Whistler since 1904-05; and rare images by pioneers of photography.

With the opening of new, small-scale exhibition space adjacent to the Dutch galleries, the Gallery now has an area suitable for the display of smaller Dutch and Flemish paintings and related objects such as drawings, prints, and small sculpture.

Purchases for the collection are made possible by funds do- nated by private citizens. Outstanding among them were a major painting by the early-17th-century Dutch artist Osias Beert the Elder; a Claes Oldenburg soft sculpture, Clarinet Bridge: and the Mary and David Robinson collection of early photographs.

Gifts to the collection included a group of important 19th- and 2orh-century French works from Paul Mellon; works by Jean Dubuffet, a partial gift from Stephen Hahn; and a 1981 sculpture by Richard Long, Whitechapel Slate Circle. from the Collectors Committee.

The gallery’s ongoing efforts to find frames appro- priate to the period, style, and aesthetic character of its paintings are transforming the appearance of the perma- nent collection. Especially notable was the replacement of the frames of three paintings by the Dutch master

Johannes Vermeer.

The education division inaugurated a new annual series of lectures, gallery talks, and demonstrations exploring artists’ materials and techniques. The division also published 75 gal- lery guides; expanded the annual National Teacher Institute; and offered a new program for students at three District of Co- lumbia public schools.

Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. (RIF)

Ruth Graves, President

Reading Is Fundamental (RIF) began in 1966 as a small pilot literacy project in the District of Columbia. The success of this experiment sparked the imagination of communities across America and RIF quickly grew into a nationwide pro- gram spanning all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam. By the beginning of 1995, RIF's grassroots network of local projects had put more than 152 million books into the hands of America’s children.

Today, community groups across the country rely on RIF's volunteer force of 184,000 local citizens to ensure that chil- dren in their neighborhoods grow up reading. RIF projects now operate at more than 18,000 sites and in all kinds of set- tings—elementary and secondary schools, Head Start centers and other early childhood sites, libraries, hospitals, clinics, housing projects, Native American reservations, schools for children with disabilities, migrant worker camps, juvenile de- tention centers, and homeless shelters.

RIF not only brings books and reading activities to chil- dren, it also tries to see that parents make reading a priority in the home. Last year, RIF continued to reach out to parents, other family members, and community volunteers with publi- cations, workshops, a training video, and a network of family literacy programs.

RIF also focuses public awareness on the importance of reading. In 1995, that goal was furthered as a number of na- tional leaders demonstrated their support for literacy. Here are but three examples:

As RIF's new spokesperson, basketball superstar Shaquille O'Neal of the Orlando Magic talked to children about the im- portance of reading in a new Public Service Announcement for RIF. Produced and televised by the National Basketball Association, the new PSA was aired during the NBA playoffs last spring.

Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge presided over a cere- mony honoring RIF children in Summit Township, Pa. for winning the Margaret McNamara Readers Cup. For three years in a row, the children at the project have read more on average than any other RIF project in the nation. The children’s accomplishments were also noted by U.S. Senators Arlen Specter and Rick Santorum, who sent envoys from their offices to take part in the ceremony.

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Another celebrity visitor was U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno, a frequent guest at a RIF project in the District of Co- lumbia. During a RIF Career Day last February, Ms. Reno read aloud to children and talked about African American scholars and statesmen. The children, in curn, quoted their fa- vorite poems and then took part in a RIF book event.

Targeted Initiatives

At each stage of a child’s development, RIF works to promote reading:

To ensure that children arrive at school ready to learn, RIF intensified its early childhood program for disadvantaged chil- dren through a collaborative agreement with the National Head Start Association (NHSA). Last year NHSA sent out questionnaires to 87 Head Start sites that had run RIF pro- grams and received an extremely positive response about the effect RIF has on children’s emergent literacy: Volunteers said that RIF is the key to bringing the excitement of books to pre- schoolers. They also said that RIF is helping Head Start groups attract community support amd involve even the most reluctant parents in their children’s literacy program.

In the upper-elementary grades, children are learning that science can be fun through STAR Science Technology And Reading” —a supplemental RIF curriculum that combines hands-on science activities with reading and a sci-tech mentor- ing program. Last year, Jowa publisher Kendall/Hunt pub- lished the series of eight STAR “labs” and the GE Fund provided a grant to extend STAR to children in upstate New York, western Massachusetts, and southern Vermont. A course on the STAR program was conducted by RIF last July, during a Smithsonian Summer Seminar for Teachers.

Children who have not had exposure to books because they live in highly transitional settings are being reached through RIF's Project Open Book®. Last year this privately-backed pro- gram for seriously at-risk children marked its fifth year by de- livering nearly 1.5 million books to 823 shelters, prison waiting rooms, and similar settings in 43 states and the Dis- trict of Columbia.

RIF is also working with the private sector to bring books and reading activities to Native American children from doz- ens of tribes and in all kinds of settings. Over the last 12 years, for example, the New York Life Foundation has helped fund RIF programs for more than 186,000 Native American chil- dren in dozens of states.

Another growth area was RIF’s program for children in hos- pitals and clinics. Last winter, for example, RIF established a new program in the Adolescent Wing and Pediatric AIDs Wards of the Harlem Hospital. The announcement was made following the dedication of two new RIF Reading Rooms in memory of the late Arthur Ashe, a longtime member of RIF's Advisory Council.

The needs of young people who can’t meet the minimum reading and writing demands of our society (such as filling out job applications or reading directions) led RIF to form al-

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liances with after-school programs and to stage book events that engage young people in reading adventures. In some cases, fun activities like these have completely turned young- sters around. One boy, while participating in a RIF activity or- ganized by the Boys and Girls Club RIF project in Milwaukee, changed his mind about books and began reading about pre-Columbian Indian tribes of the Southwest and ca- reers in paleontology and archeology. The boy even won a trip to Colorado to participate in a real archeological dig. The year 1995 found that youngster in college, just one of many RIF success stories.

Young people are also being trained to promote children’s literacy through the RIF Youth Corps, modeled on the Club RIF project in Mesa, Ariz. Last year the Corps was operating in eight states: Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Indiana, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and North Carolina.

Highlights of the Year

Last spring, the focus was on families reading together as RIF marked Reading Is Fun Week 1995 with a “Growing Up Read- ing” theme. During the National Awards Ceremony at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Jawan Howard, pro basketball star on the Washington Bullets team, spoke about how he had first discovered RIF books while attending a Chi- cago school. “Being a part of RIF has been a big inspiration to my life,” Howard told the children.

RIF cooperated with the U.S. Department of Education in launching a summer reading program for young people called READ*WRITE*NOW!, as a project of the Secretary's Family Involvement Partnership for Learning. Under the program, kits with lists of children’s books and reading activities were sent out to RIF projects that operate during the summer months.

RIF’s largest program for preschoolers was spotlighted dur- ing the Education Department's Satellite Town Meeting. Cathy Gafford, who coordinates Jean Dean RIF, a Kiwanis- sponsored RIF program that reaches disadvantaged children throughout the State of Alabama, was a panelist on the videoconference.

In June RIF coordinators from 12 large multi-site programs came to a workshop in Washington D.C. to discuss how to better meet the needs of children through their RIF pro- grams, which are currently serving nearly 130,000 children at some 500 sites. During the sessions, RIF gathered information that it plans to use in its technical assistance to multi-site pro- grams, and the volunteers came away with new ideas on how to run their RIF programs.

Throughout the last three decades the publishing com- munity and RIF have worked together to bring books to children and provide special discounts and services to RIF projects. Last year, Waldenbooks and Borders continued that tradition, by announcing a new decade of support for RIF during a black tie benefit at the Waldorf-Astoria Horel in Manharran. The benefit raised $100,000 for

children’sbookprograms, thanks to the generosity of more than 300 publishing executives.

Support for RIF from the book community was also demon- strated during the annual American Booksellers Association convention in Chicago, when the Ingram Book Co. sponsored a Chili Cook-Off to raise money for the literacy programs of Reading Is Fundamental, RIF in Chicago, and Literacy Chi- cago, a consortium of adult literacy groups.

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Charles Blitzer, Director

The Woodrow Wilson Center honors the nation’s 28th presi- dent by providing a place for free intellectual inquiry that strengthens links between the worlds of ideas and public af- fairs. Through an annual fellowship competirion, scholars from around the world are invited to the center for extended periods of research and writing. The center also sponsors pub- lic meetings, generates publications, and produces broadcast programs that make individual scholarship accessible to pol- icy makers and a broad public.

A distinguished group of scholars and policy experts dis- cussed the political and policy questions surrounding the affir- mative action debate in a program at the center. Juan Williams, Washington Post journalist and guest scholar, was the moderator. The panelists addressed beliefs about race, gen- der, equality, and opportunity and debated whether affirma-

tive action is an essential policy tool for ameliorating the dam- age of legal slavery and segregation or a racial and gender spoils system that is unnecessary and divisive.

Through its new Environmental Change and Security proj- ect, the center is playing an important role in addressing the international ramifications of environmental degradation. Workshops and seminars focused on the relationship between environmental degradation and violent conflict; the environ- mental consequences of war; environmental assistance to de- veloping countries; and international perspectives on how the environment affects security.

Anthony Lake, the president's national security adviser and a trustee of the center, defended U.S. foreign aid policies in a speech at the National Press Club, given under the center's auspices.

Speakers in a new series on international financial issues ad- dressed recent exchange rate crises and the lessons of currency and sovereign liquidity problems. The series analyzed current proposals to moderate or prevent international financial crises.

The center is unique among research centers in bringing to- gether academics, policy makers, and journalists to benefit from and contribute to the continuing dialogue between pub- lic affairs and scholarship. Academic participants during the past year included Russian economist Lilia Shevtsova; Roger Louis, general editor of the Oxford History of the British Empire: Yeats scholar Helen Vendler; and literary theorist Geoffrey Hartmann. Fellows participating from outside the academic community included Anatoly Dobrynin, former ambassador from the Soviet Union to the United States; author and femi- nist Betty Friedan; Japanese journalist Susumu Awanohara; French diplomat and journalist Eric Rouleau; counselor to the secretary of defense Larry K. Smith; and journalists E. J. Dionne, John J. Fialka, Elizabeth Pond, and Juan Williams.

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Members of the Smithsonian

Councils, Boards, and

Commissions,

September 30, 1995

Smithsonian Institution Board of Regents

The Honorable William H. Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

Vice President Albert Gore, Jr., Vice President of the United Srates

Members of the Senate

The Honorable Thad Cochran The Honorable Daniel P. Moynihan The Honorable Alan K. Simpson

Members of the House of Representatives

The Honorable Sam Johnson The Honorable Robert L. Livingston The Honorable Norman Y. Mineta

Citizen Members

The Honorable Barber B. Conable, Jr. Dr. Hanna Holborn Gray

Dr. Manuel L. Ibanez

Mr. Samuel C. Johnson

Dr. Homer A. Neal

Mr. Frank A. Shrontz

Mr. Wesley S. Williams, Jr.

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Senior Officers

Mr. I. Michael Heyman Mrs. Constance Berry Newman Dr. Robert S. Hoffmann Mr. M. John Berry

Mr. Thomas D. Blair

Dr. Miguel A. Bretos

Ms. Alice Green Burnette Mr. James D. Douglas Mr. James C. Early

Mr. Tom L. Freudenheim Mr. James M. Hobbins Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy Mr. Marc J. Pachter

Mr. Ross B. Simons

Ms. Nancy D. Suttenfield Mr. David J. Umansky Dr. L. Carole Wharton

Anacostia Museum Board

Mrs. Theresa Jones, Chair

Dr. Caryl Marsh, Vice Chair

Mrs. Della Lowery, Secretary Mrs. Alenitha J. Qualls, Secretary Mrs. Helen Allen

Mr. Stanley Anderson

Mr. Glover Bullock

Ms. Irene Carter

Mrs. Marie Dale

Ms. Dianne Dale

Mrs. Iris Harris

Mrs. Concha Johnson

Mr. Alton Jones

Mr. David Lyons

Mrs. Cynthia Clark Matthews

Archives of American Art Board of Trustees

Mrs. Eloise A. Spaeth, Chairman Emeritus

Mrs. Nancy Brown Wellin, Chairman

The Honorable Max N. Berry, President

Mrs. Anna Marie Shapiro, Vice President

Mr. Hugh Halff, Jr., Vice President

Mrs. Rona K. Roob, Vice President

Mrs. Ruth Feder, Vice President

Mr. Frank Martucci, Treasurer

Mrs. Josephine Raymond, Secretary

Ms. Laura Lee Blanton

Dr. Charles Blitzer

Ms. Lori Blount

Mr. Eli Broad

Mr. Gerald E. Buck

Dr. Irving F. Burton, Honorary Trustee

Mr. Willard G. Clark

Mrs. Barbara R. de Marneffe

Mr. Donald J. Douglass

Mr. Gilbert S. Edelson

Mr. Lawrence A. Fleischman, Founding Trustee

Mrs. Leslie S. Fogg

Mrs. Edsel B. Ford (deceased), Founding Trustee

Mrs. Rita Fraad

Mr. Raymond J. Horowitz

Mr. John K. Howat

Dr. Helen I. Jessup, Trustee Council

Mrs. Dona S. Kendall

Mr. Werner H. Kramarsky

Mr. Alan D. Levy

Mr. Richard A. Manoogian

Mrs. Lucille G. Murchison

Mrs. Vivian Potamkin

Mr. Edgar P. Richardson (deceased), Founding Trustee

Mr. John R. Robinson

Mrs. Marilyn B. Schlain, Trustee Council

Mr. Richard J. Schwartz, Honorary Trustee

Mr. Alan E. Schwartz, Trustee Council Mr. A. Alfred Taubman

Ex Officio

Mr. William C. Agee Mr. Tom L. Freudenheim Mr. I. Michael Heyman

Commission on the Future of the Smithsonian Institution

Dr. Maxine F. Singer, Chair

The Honorable Barber B. Conable, Jr. Prof. Paul J. DiMaggic

Dr. Sandra M. Faber

Prof. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Prof. Stephen Jay Gould

Mr. Robert E. Grady

The Honorable Najeeb E. Halaby Prof. Neil Harris

Ms. Irene Y. Hirano

Mrs. Ruth S. Holmberg

Mr. Roy M. Huhndorf

Prof. Jorge Klor de Alva

Mr. William H. Luers

Dr. Michael A. Mares

Dr. John S. Mayo

Dr. Frank Press

Mr. Wilbur L. Ross, Jr.

Dr. John C. Sawhill

Mr. Lloyd G. Schermer

Dr. Harold K. Skramstad, Jr. The Honorable R. James Woolsey

Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum Board of Trustees

Mr. Kenneth B. Miller, Chair Mr. Arthur Ross, Vice Chair Mrs. Kathleen Allaire

Mr. Jorge L. Batista

Ms. Agnes Bourne

Mrs. Karen Johnson Boyd Mr. Donald Bruckmann

Mrs. Betty Evans

Mrs. Joanne Foster

Mr. Tom L. Freudenheim, ex officio Mr. George J. Gillespie

Mr. August Heckscher

Mr. I. Michael Heyman, ex officio Mr. Harvey M. Krueger

Mrs. Barbara Levin

Mrs. Nancy A. Marks

Mrs. Enid W. Morse

Mr. Harry G. Robinson, III

Mr. Robert Sarnoff

Mr. Richard M. Smith

Prof. Sue Jane Smock

Council of Administrative and Service Directors

Ms. Nancy Johnson, Chair Mrs. Lori H. Aceto

Mr. Sudeep Anand

Mr. John Berry

Mr. F. William Billingsley Ms. Mary Leslie Casson Mr. John Cobert

Mr. John F. Coppola Mr. James D. Douglas Dr. Cynthia Field

Ms. Ardelle G. Foss Ms. Edie Hedlin

Ms. Nikki Krakora

Mr. Vincent J. Marcalus Ms. Era Marshall

Mrs. Marie A. Mattson Mr. Patrick Miller

Mr. Rick Rice

Ms. Susan Roehmer

Dr. Barbara J. Smith Mr. Michael Sofield

Mr. William L. Thomas Ms. Carole Wharton

Council of Bureau Directors

Dr. Ira Rubinoff, Chair Dr. Milo Cleveland Beach Dr. Elizabeth Broun

Dr. Carolyn Carr

Dr. David L. Correll

Dr. Spencer R. Crew

Ms. Gwendolyn Kay Crider Mr. James T. Demetrion Ms. Lucy B. Dorick

Mr. Douglas E. Evelyn

Dr. Alan Fern

Mrs. Patricia L. Fiske

Ms. Susan A. Hamilton

Dr. Robert S. Hoffmann Mr. McKinley Hudson

Ms. Martha Morris

Ms. Sarah L. Newmeyer Mr. Steven Newsome

Dr. Donald J. Ortner

Ms. Dianne H. Pilgrim Ms. Sharon Reinckens

Mr. Charles J. Robertson, III Dr. Michael H. Robinson Dr. Irwin I. Shapiro

Dr. Richard T. Wattenmaker Mr. Stephen E. Weil

Mr. W. Richard West, Jr. Mrs. Sylvia H. Williams

Council of Information and Education Directors

Dr. Rex M. Ellis, Chair Ms. Ann P. Bay

Ms. Nancy J. Bechtol Ms. Francine C. Berkowitz Mr. Joseph Carper

Ms. Anna R. Cohn

Dr. Zahava D. Doering Mr. Daniel H. Goodwin Ms. Anne R. Gossett Ms. Edie Hedlin

Ms. Nancy Johnson

Mr. Paul B. Johnson

Dr. Richard Kurin

Dr. Douglas M. Lapp Mr. Vincent J. Marcalus Ms. Mara Mayor

Ms. Mary Grace Potter Dr. Barbara J. Smith

Dr. Lambertus Van Zelst Mr. Ronald Walker

Mr. James H. Wallace, Jr.

Folklife Advisory Council

Dr. Roger Abrahams

Dr. Jacinto Arias

Dr. Jane Beck

Dr. Pat Jasper

Dr. Barbara Kirschenblatt-Gimblett Dr. Bernice Johnson Reagon Dr. John Roberts

Dr. Carol Robertson

Dr. Gilbert Sprauve

Dr. John Kuo Wei Tchen Dr. Ricardo Trimillos

Dr. Carlos Velez-Ibanez

Folkways Advisory Board

Mr. Michael Asch Mr. Don Devito Ms. Ella Jenkins Mr. Jon Kertzer Mr. John Nixdorf

Freer Gallery of Art Visiting Committee

Mr. Willard G. Clark, Chair

The Honorable Norman Y. Mineta, Vice Chair

Mrs. Jackson Burke

Mr. Roger E. Covey

Mr. Richard Danziger

Prof. Marvin Eisenberg

Dr. Robert S. Feinberg

Mr. John Gilmore Ford

Mrs. Katharine M. Graham

Mrs. Richard Helms

Sir Joseph E. Hotung

Mrs. Gilbert H. Kinney

Mr. Rogerio S. Lam

Dr. Sherman E. Lee

Mr. Porter McCray

Prof. Frederick W. Mote

Mrs. Elizabeth Moynihan

Prof. Martin Powers

Prof. John M. Rosenfield

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Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Board of Trustees

Mr. Robert T. Buck, Jr.

Prof. Peggy C. Davis

Mr. Jerome L. Greene

Mr. Robert B. Lehrman

Mr. Sydney L. Lewis

Mrs. Camille Oliver-Hoffmann Prof. Robert Rosenblum

Mr. Jerry I. Speyer

Ex Officio

Mr. I. Michael Heyman The Honorable William H. Rehnquist

The John F. Kennedy Center for the

Performing Arts Board of Trustees

Honorary Chairs

Mrs. Hillary Rodham Clinton Mrs. George H. W. Bush Mrs. Ronald Reagan

Mrs. Jimmy Carter

Mrs. Gerald R. Ford

Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson

Officers

Mr. James D. Wolfensohn, Chairman

Mr. James H. Evans, Vice Chairman

Mrs. Alma Gildenhorn, Vice Chairman

Mr. Lawrence J. Wilker, President

Mrs. Jean Kennedy Smith, Secretary

Ms. Charlotte A. Woolard, Assistant Secretary

Mr. Paul G. Stern, Treasurer

Mr. Henry M. Strong, Assistant Treasurer

Mr. William Becker, General Counsel

Members Appointed by the President of the United States

Mrs. Margaret Archambault Mrs. Anita Arnold

Mr. Robert B. Barnett

Mr. Stuart A. Bernstein

Mrs. Anicamarie Cafritz

Mrs. Phyllis C. Draper

Mr. Kenneth M. Duberstein Mr. James H. Evans

Mrs. Marjorie M. Fisher

Mr. Craig L. Fuller

Mrs. Mary Galvin

Mrs. Alma Gildenhorn

Mr. Lionel Hampton

Mrs. Phyllis Middleton Jackson Mr. Donald M. Koll

The Honorable James A. McClure Mr. William F. McSweeny, Jr. Mr. Frank H. Pearl

Mr. Ronald O. Perelman

Mrs. Alma Johnson Powell Mrs. Casey Ribicoff

Ms. Joy A. Silverman

Mrs. Jean Kennedy Smith

Mr. Joshua I. Smith

Mr. Jay Stein

The Honorable Roger L. Stevens Mr. Lew R. Wasserman

Mr. Jerry Weintraub

Mr. Thomas E. Wheeler

Mr. James D. Wolfensohn

Members Ex Officio Designated by Act of Congress

The Honorable Donna E. Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services

The Honorable Richard W. Riley, Secretary of Education

The Honorable Joseph D. Duffey, Director, U.S. Information Agency

Senator Edward M. Kennedy

Senator Mark O. Hatfield

Senator Max Baucus

Senator John Hubbard Chafee

Senator Robert Joseph Dole

Rep. Joseph M. McDade

Rep. Charles Wilson

Rep. Sidney R. Yates

Rep. Norman Y. Mineta

Rep. Bud Shuster

Mr. Marion Barry, Mayor, District of Columbia

Mr. I. Michael Heyman, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution

Dr. James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress

Mr. J. Carter Brown, Chairman of the Commission of Fine Arts

Mr. Roger G. Kennedy, Director, National Park Service

Founding Chairman

The Honorable Roger L. Stevens

Honorary Trustees

Mr. Philip F. Anschutz

Mrs. Kathrine D. Folger

The Honorable Melvin R. Laird

Mrs. Alice Marriott

The Honorable Leonard L. Silverstein Mr. Dennis Sranfill

Mr. Henry M. Strong

National Air and Space Museum Advisory Board

Rear Admiral Brent M. Bennitt Mr. Thomas L. Blair

Lieutenant General Harry Blot General John R. Dailey

Mrs. Linda Hall Daschle

Rear Admiral William C. Donnell General Ronald R. Fogleman

Mr. Thomas W. Hoog

Brigadier General John M. Riggs Dr. Y.C.L. Susan Wu

Public Programming Advisory Committee

Dr. Hans O. Andersen

Lieutenant General Benjamin O. Davis Mr. Thomas Hoving

Ms. Linda M. Johnson

Mr. Louis R. Purnell

Dr. Harold K. Skramstad, Jr.

Mr. Michael Spock

Ms. Marie Tibor

Dr. Mitchell Waldrop

Smithsonian National Board

Mr. Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Chair Mrs. Jean B. Kilborne, Vice Chair

Current Members

Sir Valentine Abdy

Mr. Lester M. Alberthal, Jr., ex officio Mrs. Margaret D. Ankeny Mrs. Robert M. Bass

The Honorable Max N. Berry Mrs. John M. Bradley

Mr. Stephen F. Brauer

Mr. Charles T. Brumback

Mr. Cason J. Callaway, Jr.

Mr. Ivan Chermayeff

Mr. Landon T. Clay

Mrs. Dollie A. Cole

Mr. Peter R. Coneway

Mr. Thomas Edward Congdon Mrs. William H. Cowles, III Ms. Joan Dillon

Mrs. Patricia Frost

Ms. Nely Galan

Mr. Bert A. Getz

Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton, ex officio Mrs. Marguerite Harbert Marion Edwyn Harrison, Esq. Mr. Paul Hertelendy

Mrs. Ruth S. Holmberg

Mr. S. Roger Horchow

Mr. Richard Hunt

Mr. Robert L. James

Mr. Edward C. Johnson, III Mrs. James W. Kinnear

Mrs. Marie L. Knowles

The Honorable Marc E. Leland Mr. Donald G. Lubin

Mr. Frank N. Magid

Mrs. John F. Mars

Mr. Michael Peter McBride Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy

Dr. George E. Mueller

Mr. Thomas D. Mullins

Mr. John N. Nordstrom

Mrs. Lucio A. Noto

Mrs. Vivian W. Piasecki

Mr. Heinz C. Prechter

Mr. David S. Purvis

Mr. Alvin Puryear

Mr. Robert Redford

Mr. Clive Runnells

Ms. Jill Sackler

Mr. Leveo V. Sanchez Mr. Ivan Selin

Mrs. Esther Simplot

Mr. Kenneth L. Smith Ms. Kathy Daubert Smith Mrs. E. Maynard Smith Mr. Kelso F. Sutton

Mr. Jack W. Warner

Mr. Jeffrey N. Watanabe Mr. Frank A. Weil

Mr. William R. Wiley

Honorary Members

Mr. Robert McC. Adams

Mr. William S. Anderson

Mr. Richard P. Cooley

Mr. Joseph F. Cullman, III

Mr. Charles D. Dickey, Jr.

The Honorable Leonard K. Firestone Mr. Alfred C. Glassell, Jr.

Mr. W.L. Hadley Griffin

The Honorable William A. Hewitt Mr. James M. Kemper, Jr.

Mr. Seymour H. Knox, III

Mr. Lewis A. Lapham

The Honorable George C. McGhee Justice Sandra Day O'Connor

The Honorable S. Dillon Ripley, II Mr. Francis C. Rooney, Jr.

Mr. Lloyd G. Schermer

Mrs. Gay F. Wray

National Gallery of Art Board of Trustees

Mr. Robert F. Erburu

Mr. Alexander M. Laughlin Mrs. Louise W. Mellon

Mr. Robert H. Smith

Mrs. Ruth Carter Stevenson

Ex Officio

The Honorable William H. Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

The Honorable Warren M. Christopher, Secretary of State

99

The Honorable Robert E. Rubin, Secretary of the Treasury

Mr. I. Michael Heyman, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution

Trustee Emeritus

John R. Stevenson, Esq.

National Museum of African Art Commission

Prof. David C. Driskell, Chair James L. Hudson, Esq., Vice Chair Mrs. Frieda Rosenthal, Vice Chair Mr. Tom L. Freudenheim, ex officio Mr. John A. Friede

Mr. Joseph M. Goldenberg

Dr. Joseph E. Harris

Mr. I. Michael Heyman, ex officio Mrs. Frances Humphrey Howard Mrs. Helen Kuhn

Mr. Brian S. Leyden

Mr. Robin B. Martin

The Honorable Frank E. Moss

Mr. Robert H. Nooter

Prof. Robert Farris Thompson

The Honorable Walter E. Washington

National Museum of American Art Commission

Mrs. Patricia Frost, Chair

Mr. Ronald D. Abramson, Vice Chair Mr. Norman Bernstein

Mr. Frederick Brown

Mr. Edwin I. Colodny

Dr. Wanda M. Corn

Mrs. Ann Cousins

Mr. James T. Demetrion

Mr. Barney A. Ebsworth

Mrs. Rita Fraad

Mr. Hugh Halff, Jr.

Mr. Walker Hancock

Mr. I. Michael Heyman

Mr. Raymond J. Horowitz Mrs. Linda Lichtenberg Kaplan Mr. R. Crosby Kemper, Jr.

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Mr. Jacob Lawrence

Mr. Melvin Lenkin

Mr. Peter H. Lunder Dr. Paul D. Parkman Mr. Gerald L. Pearson Mr. David S. Purvis Mrs. Francoise Rambach Mr. Frank K. Ribelin Mr. Charles Sawyer

Mr. Richard J. Schwartz Mr. Samuel A. Yanes

National Museum of the American Indian Board of

Trustees

Dr. Keith Basso

Mr. Manley Alan Begay, Jr. Dr. Ernest L. Boyer

The Honorable Barber B. Conable, Jr. Mr. George L. Cornell

Mr. Billy L. Cypress

Mr. Tom L. Freudenheim Mr. Dwight Gourneau

Ms. Suzan Shown Harjo Mr. I. Michael Heyman Dr. Norbert S. Hill, Jr.

Dr. Frederick E. Hoxie The Honorable Daniel Inouye Dr. Jennie Joe

Mr. Alvin M. Josephy, Jr. Mr. Gerald R. McMaster Ms. Joann Sebastian Morris Mr. Waldemar A. Nielsen Mr. Allen V. Pinkham, Sr. Ms. Nancy Clark Reynolds Ms. Ann R. Roberts

Mr. David Rockefeller, Sr. Dr. Helen M. Scheirbeck Dr. David Hurst Thomas Ms. Rosita Worl

Ms. Phyllis Young

National Museum of the American Indian Ntional Campaign International Founders Council

Mr. Gene A. Keluche, Co-Chair Secretary I. Michael Heyman, Co-Chair Mr. Robert McC. Adams

Ms. Ann Simmons Alspaugh Mrs. Barbara H. Block

Mr. James A. Block

The Honorable Barber B. Conable, Jr. Mr. Charles M. Diker

Mrs. Valerie T. Diker

Mrs. Joan C. Donner

Mr. John L. Ernst

Mrs. Margot P. Ernst

Ms. Jane Fonda

Mr. George Gund HI

Mr. Brian C. McK. Henderson Mrs. Loretta A. Kaufman

Mr. Victor A. Kaufman

Mrs. Seymour H. Knox HI

Mr. Gerald M. Levin

Mr. Ivan Makil

Mrs. Nancy Fields O'Connor Mr. Lewis S. Ranieri

Mr. David Rockefeller

Mrs. Ellen Napiura Taubman Mr. William S. Taubman

Mr. Eugene Victor Thaw

Mr. R.E. Turner

Mr. Peterson Zah

Mrs. Rosalind Begay Zah

National Museum of Natural History Board

Dr. Isabella C.M. Cunningham Dr. William B. Ellis

Mr. Archur Gray, Jr.

Mr. John S. Hendricks Mr. I. Michael Heyman Mr. David M. Hicks

Dr. Stanley O. Ikenberry Mr. Gilbert S. Kahn

Dr. Andrew H. Knoll Mrs. Jean Lane

Mr. Quentin R. Lawson Mr. Robert H. Malott

The Honorable James A. McClure Mr. Jeffery W. Meyer

Dr. Nancy R. Morin

Dr. Donald J. Ortner

Mr. James R. Patton, Jr.

Dr. David R. Pilbeam

Mr. Elmer E. Rasmuson

Mr. Donald M. Simmons

The Honorable Alan K. Simpson Mr. Alan G. Spoon

Dr. David B. Wake

Mr. Milton H. Ward

Mr. Howard H. Williams, III Dr. E-an Zen

National Portrait Gallery Commission

The Honorable Jeannine Smith Clark, Chair

The Honorable Anthony C. Beilenson

Mr. Thomas M. Evans

Prof. Stephen Jay Gould

Ms. Julie Harris

Mr. I. Michael Heyman, ex officio

Mrs. Ruth S. Holmberg

Prof. David Levering Lewis

Prof. R.W.B. Lewis

Ms. Bette Bao Lord

The Honorable Robert B. Morgan

Prof. Barbara Novak

Dr. Earl A. Powell III, ex officio

The Honorable William H. Rehnquisr, ex officio

National Postal Museum Advisory Commission

Mr. Cary H. Baer

The Honorable Winton M. Blount The Honorable William L. Clay Mrs. Lovida Coleman

Ms. Amina Dickerson

Mr. Azeezaly Jaffer

Mr. James Michener

Mr. John J. O'Connor, III

Ms. Elizabeth C. Pope

Mr. Douglas A. Riggs

Mrs. Jeanette Cantrell Rudy

Mr. Edwin M. Schmidt

The Honorable Robert Setrakian The Honorable Ted Stevens

National Postal Museum Coordinating Committee

The Honorable Susan E. Alvarado Mr. Richard H. Arvonio

Mr. Ronald E. Becker

Dr. Spencer R. Crew

Mr. Tom L. Freudenheim

Mr. Angus MacInnes

The Honorable Marvin T. Runyon Ms. Nancy D. Suttenfield

National Science Resources Center Advisory Board

Dr. Robert M. Fitch, Chair Dr. Russell Aiuto

Dr. Marjory Baruch

Ms. Ann P. Bay

Ms. DeAnna Banks Beane Dr. F. Peter Boer

Mr. Douglas K. Carnahan Dr. William Colglazier Dr. Fred P. Corson

Dr. Goery Delacote

Ms. JoAnn DeMaria

Dr. Hubert M. Dyasi

Mr. James C. Early

Dr. Bernard S. Finn

Dr. Gerald David Fischbach Mr. Samuel H. Fuller

Dr. Jerry P. Gollub

Dr. Ana M. Guzman

Dr. Robert M. Hazen

Dr. Norbert S. Hill, Jr. Mr. Manert Kennedy

Dr. John W. Layman

Ms. Sarah A. Lindsey

Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy Dr. Lynn Margulis

Dr. Mara Mayor

Dr. Shirley M. McBay

Dr. Joseph A. Miller, Jr.

Dr. John A. Moore Dr. Philip Needleman Dr. Carlo Parravano Ms. Ruth O. Selig

Dr. Maxine F. Singer Dr. Paul H. Williams Ms. Karen L. Worth

National Zoological Park Resource Council

Mr. Peter C. Andrews

Mr. Robert A. Bartlett, Jr.

Dr. David Challinor

The Honorable Jeannine Smith Clark Mr. George A. Didden, III

Mrs. Joan C. Donner

Mrs. Elizabeth B. Frazier

Ms. Caroline D. Gabel

Mr. Paul B. Green

Mrs. Ruth S. Holmberg

Mrs. Laura Howell

Mrs. John F. Mars

Mrs. Withrow Weir Meeker

The Honorable S. Dillon Ripley, II Mr. Jeffrey R. Short, Jr.

Mrs. Judith Stockdale

Mr. Henry M. Strong

Mr. M. Lee Sutherland

Mrs. Beatrix von Hoffmann

Reading 1s Fundamental, Inc., Board of Directors

Mrs. Anne Richardson, Chairman Mrs. Ruth Graves, President

Mr. Arthur White, Vice President Mr. Samuel B. Ethridge, Secretary Mrs. Jean Head Sisco, Treasurer Ms. Alexandra Armstrong

Ms. Loretta Barrett

Mr. Leo Beebe

Mr. William D. Budinger

Mr. Robert W. Coy, Jr.

Mr. James C. Curvey

Ms. Patricia Diaz Dennis, Esq. Mr. Lloyd Derrickson, Esq.

Mr. Robert S. Diamond

IOI

Mr. Lawrence A. Hough Mrs. Kathryn W. Lumley Dr. Floretta McKenzie Mrs. Lois D. Rice

Mrs. Lynda Johnson Robb Mr. James A. Sutton

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Visiting Committee

Mrs. John B. Bunker, Chair

The Honorable Norman Y. Mineta, Vice Chair

Mr. George J. Fan

Mrs. Hart Fessenden

Dr. Kurt A. Gitter

Dr. Florence Cawthorne Ladd

Mrs. James R. Lilley

Mrs. Jill Hornor Ma

Mr. Porter McCray

Dr. Kenneth X. Robbins

Mrs. Arthur M. Sackler

Mr. Sichan Siv

Mr. Michael R. Sonnenreich

Mr. Aboulala Soudavar

Dr. John Kuo Wei Tchen

Dr. Frederic Wakeman

Mr. Paul F. Walter

Smithsonian Institution Archives and Special Collections Council

Dr. Thomas F. Soapes, Chair Mrs. Rachel M. Allen Mr. Alan L. Bain

Mr. John D. Barbry

Mr. James B. Byers

Mr. Timothy Carr

Ms. Cecilia H. Chin

Ms. Maygene Daniels Dr. John A. Fleckner Ms. Christraud Geary Ms. Marilyn Graskowiak Mrs. Nancy E. Gwinn Mr. Robert S. Harding Ms. Edie Hedlin

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Ms. Colleen A. Hennessey Dr. Pamela M. Henson Mr. John Homiak

Ms. Janet Kennelly

Ms. Julia Lewis

Ms. Gail Lowe

Dr. Lillian B. Miller

Ms. Lauranne C. Nash Mr. C. Jeffrey Place

Ms. Kathleen Robinson Dr. Marc Rothenberg

Mr. Ross B. Simons

Dr. Barbara J. Smith

Ms. Joan R. Stahl

Mr. Paul H. Theerman Mr. Bill Thompkins, Secretary Ms. Linda A. Thrift

Mr. James H. Wallace, Jr. Mrs. Beverly Westermeyer Mr. Mark A. Wright

Dr. Judith K. Zilczer

Smithsonian Institution Council

Dr. Arjun Appadurai

Dr. Joyce Oldham Appleby Dr. Mary Frances Berry Mr. Luis R. Cancel

Dr. George R. Carruthers Dr. Linda S. Cordell

Dr. Ruth Schwartz Cowan Prof. Freeman J. Dyson Mr. David R. Gergen

Dr. Arturo Gomez-Pompa Dr. Daniel H. Janzen

Dr. Michael Kammen

Dr. J. Jorge Klor de Alva Dr. Shirley M. McBay

Mrs. Cheryl McClenney-Brooker Dr. Gordon H. Orians

Dr. Richard J. Powell

Dr. Lauren B. Resnick

Dr. Beryl B. Simpson

Dr. John Kuo Wei Tchen Dr. Susan Mullin Vogel Dr. Frederic E. Wakeman, Jr. Dr. John Walsh

Dr. Katharine J. Watson

Dr. Tomas Ybarra-Frausto

Smithsonian Institution Libraries Users Advisory Committee

Dr. Lisa Ceryle Barnett Ms. Bryna M. Freyer Dr. Conrad Labandiera Dr. Brian Marsden

Dr. Nancy L. Matthews Dr. Jess Parker

Mr. Dominick A. Pisano Ms. Michelle K. Smith Dr. Barbara J. Smith

Dr. Deborah Jean Warner Mr. Edmund Worthy

Smithsonian Institution Women’s Council

Ms. Heidi L.R. Schwartz, Chair Ms. Donna J. Coletu

Mr. William Gaghan

Ms. Ann R. Garvey

Ms. Marilyn Graskowiak

Ms. Kristine Money

Ms. Judy Ryan

Ms. Melissa Snodgrass

Ms. Donna M. Tillman

Smithsonian Internship Council

Mrs. Lori H. Aceto

Ms. Frederica Adelman Ms. Wendy Aibel-Weiss Ms. Victoria Avera

Mr. Daryl Ayers

Ms. Myra Y. Banks

Ms. Ann M. Bissell

Mr. Arthur J. Breton Ms. Teresia Bush

Ms. Susan Mond Carpenter Ms. Barbara Casana

Ms. Faya Causey

Ms. Montrose R. Cones Mr. William E. Cox

Ms. Deirdre Cross

Ms. Georgina de Alba

Dr. Zahava D. Doering Ms. Kimberly L. Dow Ms. Mary W. Dyer

Ms. Betty Epps

Ms. Leasa Farrar-Frazer Ms. Paula Fletemeyer

Ms. Ann R. Garvey

Mr. Mark Hadden

Mr. Robert L. Hall

Mrs. Judith H. Houston Ms. Pamela Elizabeth Hudson Mrs. Eileen Jones

Mr. Peter Kibbee

Ms. Nancy Lewis

Ms. Niria Leyva-Gutierrez Ms. Sherri Manning

Ms. Cathy Maree

Ms. Elena Mayberry

Ms. Hannah Mullin

Ms. Lauranne C. Nash

Mr. Jay Orr

Ms. Karen Oriji

Mr. Mark Ramella

Ms. Arlene Reiniger

Ms. Phyllis Rosenzweig Dr. Marc Rothenberg

Mr. Jim Rubenstein

Ms. Alyce Sadongei

Ms. Mary Sangrey

Mrs. Magdalene C. Schremp Mr. Tim Smith

Mr. William G. Tompkins Mr. Bruce Underwood Ms. Esther Washington Ms. Mari Lu White

Ms. Alison Wickens

Mr. Donald C. Williams Mr. Michael Wilpers

Mr. Howard Youth

al

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Board of Trustees

Joseph H. Flom, Esq., Chair

Mr. Dwayne O. Andreas, Vice Chair The Honorable James A. Baker, III Dr. James H. Billington

Joseph A. Cari, Jr., Esq.

The Honorable John W. Carlin

The Honorable Warren M. Christopher The Honorable Joseph D. Duffey The Honorable Sheldon Hackney Ms. Jean L. Hennessey

Mr. I. Michael Heyman

Dr. Gertrude Himmelfarb

Dr. Carol Iannone

Mr. Eli S. Jacobs

The Honorable Anthony Lake

Mr. Paul Hae Park

The Honorable Richard W. Riley The Honorable S. Dillon Ripley, II The Honorable Donna E. Shalala

The Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton, Chair Mrs. Parker S. Oliphant, Vice Chair Mrs. Doniphan Carter, Treasurer Mrs. John Franklin, Secretary

Mrs. Gloria Allen

Mrs. James M. Beggs

Mrs. Christine Blazina

Mrs. Philip S. Bowie

Mrs. I. Townsend Burden, III

Mrs. Margaret Bush

Mrs. Thomas J. Camp, Jr. Mrs. John F. Clark

Mrs. Lloyd E. Clayton

Mrs. Richard Cobb

Mrs. Margaret Collins

Mrs. Louis J. Cordia

Mrs. William Gruman Cox Mrs. Willis D. Crittenberger, Jr. Mrs. Allen R. Cross, Jr. Mrs. J. Edward Day

Mrs. Philip S. Dickson Mrs. Alan P. Dye

Mrs. Rockwood H. Foster Mrs. Harriet Sweeney Fraunfelter Mrs. Paul R. Gibson

Mrs. John W. Gill

Mrs. Walter Y.K. Goo

Ms. Allison Butler Herrick Mrs. Omer L. Hirst

Mrs. Anne Stevens Hobler Mrs. James P. Holden

Mrs. George H. Hughey Mrs. John Hunnicutt

Mrs. Aaron G. Jackson Mrs. Donald W. Jeffries Mrs. George W. Jones

Ms. Patricia Larkin

Mrs. Bruce K. MacLaury Mrs. Middleton A. Martin Mrs. Arthur K. Mason Mrs. James K. Mitchell Mrs. Suzanne Moore

Mrs. Horace White Peters Mrs. S. Dillon Ripley

Mrs. Pecer Talbor Russell Mrs. William C. Thompson Mrs. Joy Vige

Mrs. James Bud Ward Mrs. John R. Webster Mrs. Philip C. White

103

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Academic, Research Training, and Internship Appointments and Research Associates in Fiscal Year 1995

The first section lists recipients of fellowships and other appointments awarded to scholars and advanced students under the auspices of the Office of Fellowships and Grants. Students and museum professionals who held museum internships or participated in special pro- jects administered by the Office of Museum Programs are listed in the second section. The third section con- tains a listing of Smithsonian Research Associates.

Academic and Research Training Appointments

The Smithsonian offers, through the Office of Fellow- ships and Grants, research and study appointments to visiting scientists, scholars, and students. The ap- pointees are provided access to the Institution's facili- ties, staff specialties, and reference resources. The persons—listed by bureau or office—in this Appendix began their residencies between October 1, 1994, and September 30, 1995, and have been in residence for three months or longer. Predoctoral and Postdoctoral Fellows, Visiting Scientists or Scholars, and other awardees and participants in special programs are so listed. Listed for each Fellow or Visitor is the institution where each received, or expects to receive, a degree or the home university or institution; a brief description of the project undertaken at the Smithsonian; the Smithsonian advisor; and dates of residency.

Arts and Humanities

Anacostia Museum

Audrey Brown, SI Graduate Fellow, American University. “Women of African Descent, Religion, Cultural Continuity and Change,” with Portia James and Gail Lowe, from Sep- tember I, 1995 to November Is, 1995.

Center for Museum Studies

Teresa Morales, Fellow in Museum Practice, Programa de Museos Comunitarious y Ecomu. “The Cultural Appropria- tion and Community Museums,” with Nancy Fuller, from August I, 1995 to October 31, 1995.

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

Tracy Ehrlich, Peter Kruger/Christie’s Fellow, Columbia Uni- versity. “The Villa Mondragone and Early Seventeenth- Century Villeggiatura at Frascati,” with Marilyn Symmes and Maria Ann Conelli, from September 1, 1995 to May 31, 1996.

Enrique Limon, SI Graduate Fellow, The Architectural Associ- ation. “Arc Theory and Urbanism and its Relationship to City Making,” with Susan Yelavich, from August I, 1995 to October 15, 1995.

Freer Gallery of Art

Quanyu Wang, Forbes Fellow, Peking University. “Systematic Research on the Corrosion of Qucun’s Bronzes,” with W. Thomas Chase, from September I, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Marisa Kayyem, SI Predoctoral Fellow, Columbia University. “Thomas Eakins’ Late Bust Portraits: Identity and Topol- ogy in Turn of the Century Portraiture,” with Phyllis

105

Rosenzweig and Mary Panzer, from September I, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Institutional Studies Office

Helen Glazer, Fellow in Museum Practice, Goucher College. “Creation and Test of a Prototype for a Self-Guided Walk- ing Tour of Works in the Permanent Collections of the Smithsonian Institution Musems,” with Zahava Doering, from November 14, 1994 to July 15, 1995.

National African American Museum Project

Bob Myers, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of California, Los Angeles. “Do You See What I See?: Wild Communica- tion in Darkness,” with Deborah Braithwaite and Claudine Brown, from July 1, 1995 to September 30, 1995.

National Air and Space Museum

Mark Bulmer, Gaber Fellow, University of London. “An Inves- tigation into the Possible Reasons for Apparent Mobility of Debris Aprons on Venus and the Mechanisms of Caldera Formation,” with Thomas Watters, from June I, 1995 to May 31, 1996.

Donald Engen, Ramsey Fellow, Alexandria, Virginia, “The History of United States Naval Flight,” with Thomas Crouch, from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1995.

Sarah Fagents, Lancaster University, England, “Basaltic Lava Fountains on Earth, Venus, and Mars,” with James Zimbel- man, from January 20, 1995 to January 19, 1996.

Erik Rau, Guggenheim Predoctoral Fellow, University of Pennsylvania. “PERT and the Culture of Integration: Oper- ations Research, Systems Engineering, and American Soci- ety form the Cold War to the Great Society,” with Robert Smith, from September I, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Jill Snider, Verville Fellow, University of North Carolina. “The Lone Eagle and African-American Visions of America, 1927-1941,” with Dominick Pisano and Cathleen Lewis, from August I, 1995 to July 31, 1996.

Vladimir Strelnitski, Visiting Scientist, Institute for Astron- omy, Russian Academy of Sciences. “Hydrogen Maser Emis- sion from the Infrared Galaxy M82,” with Howard Smith, from June I, 1995 to September 30, 1995.

106

Mark Wolfire, Senior Research Fellow, NASA. “Infrared Emis- sion from ISO,” with Howard Smith, from September 11, 1995 to September Io, 1996.

National Museum of African Art

Aisha Fadhil Ali, International Exchange Fellow, Fort Jesus Museum. “Study of Exhibition Development and Design in Preparation for a Re-Installation of the Major Exhibition Hall at Fort Jesus Museum in Mombasa, Kenya,” with Philip Ravenhill, from January 15, 1995 to March Io, 1995.

Amanda Carlson, SI Graduate Fellow, Indiana University. “Object Photography: Representing African Art,” with Christraud Geary, from May 8, 1995 to July 14, 1995.

Helen Shannon, Columbia University, “The Reception of Afri- can Arc in the United States From:1905 to 1945 and Its In- fluence on American Moderist Art,” with Philip Ravenhill, from April 1, 1995 to February 28, 1996.

National Museum of American Art

Jack Becker, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Delaware. “A Taste for Landscape: Tonalism in America, 1880-1920,” with William Truettner, from September 1, 1995 to May 31, 1996.

Neil Harris, Distinguished Scholar of American Art, Univer- sity of Chicago. “Research on Twentieth Century Land- scape; Attitudes Toward Visual Culture; and Building Rituals, Museums, and Newspaper Buildings ,” with Eliza- beth Broun, from September 1, 1995 to May 31, 1996.

Janet Headley, Loyola College, “Structuring Urban Space: Public Sculpture in Boston, 1825-1900,” with George Gurney, from June I, 1995 to May 31, 1996.

Cynthia Mills, University of Maryland, College Park, “The Adams Memorial and Its Impact: American Funerary Sculp- ture, 1891-1925,” with George Gurney, from November I, 1994 to April 30, 1995.

Jonathan Yorba, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Califor- nia, Berkeley. “Picturing Miscegenation: Multiracial Imag- ery in American Art, 1848-1967,” with Andrew Connors, from September 11, 1995 to September 10, 1996.

National Museum of American History

Barbara Allen, SI Graduate Fellow, Resselaer Polytechnic In- stitute. “Environmental History of the Chemical Corridor

in Louisiana,” with Jeffrey Stine, from July 17, 1995 to Sep- tember 22, 1995.

Angela Blake, SI Graduate Fellow, American University. “Street Advertising and the Construction of Urban Con- sumer Geographies in New York City, 1880-1930,” with Charles McGovern, from June 5, 1995 to August II, 1995.

Martha Burns, SI Predoctoral Fellow, Brown University. “A Piano in the Parlor: Music and the Making of Victorian Culture in America, 1790-1860,” with Cynthia Hoover, from September I, 1995 to May 31, 1996.

Valentijn Byvanck, SI Graduate Fellow, New York University. “The Making of American Nationalism, 1820-1860,” with Charles McGovern and Larry Bird, from June Is, 1995 to July 15, 1995.

Arlene Davila, The Graduate Center, CUNY, “From the Center to the Centros: Dynamics of Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico,” with Marvette Perez, from April 15, 1995 to April 14, 1996.

Laura Edwards, University of South Florida, “The Politics and Power of Womanhood and Manhood: Reconstruction in the U.S. South,” with Pete Daniel, from February 1, 1995 to October 31, 1995.

Sungook Hong, University of Toronto, “Research on the Early History of Vacuum Tube Engineering: The Triode Revolu- tion and the Development of Amplifiers-Oscillators,” with Bernard Finn, from June I, 1995 to May 31, 1996.

Janet Hutchison, Visiting Scholar, Appalacian State Univer- sity. “Housing Identity: Gender, Architecture and Ameri- can Culture,” with Rodris Roth, from January 1, 1994 to August 30, 1995.

Meg Jacobs, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Virginia. “The Politics of Purchasing Power: The Rise of Mass Con- sumption and the Evolution of a Modern American Politi- cal Economy, 1919-1959,” with Harry Rubenstein and Larry Bird, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Shelley Kaplan, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Virginia. “Object Lessons: Designing Household Appliances, 1920— 60,” with Steve Lubar, from September 15, 1995 to Septem- ber 14, 1996.

Craig Keller, SI Predoctoral Fellow, George Washington Uni- versity. “Civil Religion During the Cold War: A Study of Civil Religious Symbolism and Material Culture,” with Larry Bird and James Bruns, from June 1, 1995 to August 31, 1995-

Anna McCarthy, Northwestern University, “Early American Television and Public Space: The Tavern and the Depart- ment Srore in the Late Forties,” with Larry Bird, from Janu- ary 10, 1995 to April Io, 1995.

Lynn McRainey, Fellow in Museum Practice, Chicago Histori- cal Society. “Interpreting History Through Interactive Ex- periences,” with Lonn Taylor and Nancy McCoy, from October 21, 1994 to February 28, 1995.

Tey Nunn, SI Graduate Fellow, University of New Mexico. “Hispana/o Artists of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in New Mexico,” with Richard Ahlborn, from June I, 1995 to August IO, 1995.

Barry Shank, University of Kansas, “Design and Sentiment: Cultural Production in the American Greeting Card Indus- try,” with Charles McGovern, from January I5, 1995 to July 14, 1995.

Deborah Steinbach, SI Predoctoral Fellow, New York Univer- sity. “Lines of Scrimmage: A Gender History of American Sports 1915-1940,” with Ellen Hughes, from June 15, 1995 to June 14, 1996.

Stefan Timmermans, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Illinois. “Saving Lives: Mechanical Versus Manual Resusci- tation Techniques,” with Ramunas Kondratas, from June 1, 1995 to August 31, 1995.

Terence Young, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, Clemson University. “Heading Out: Camping in America, 1870-1990,” with Jeffrey Stine, from August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1996.

National Museum of the American Indian

Nigel Holman, Fellow in Museum Practice, A:shiwi A:wan Musuem & Heritage Center. “Debating the Curation and Use of Historic Photographs in Museums and Archives,” with Clara Sue Kidwell and Eulalie Bonar, from March 1, 1995 to May 30, 1995.

Emily Kaplan, Postgraduate Conservation Fellow, Queen's University, Canada. “Conservation of Archaeological and Ethnographic Materials,” with Marian A. Kaminitz, from November 1, 1994 to October 31, 1995.

Rose Wyaco, Visiting Scholar, Zuni, New Mexico. “Photographs for the Hedricks-Hodge Expedition at Hawikuh,” with Alyce Sadongei, from March 1, 1995 to May 31, 1995.

National Portrait Gallery

Julie Brown, SI Senior Fellow, University of Texas, San Anto- nio. “Making Photography Public: Exposition, Fairs, Exhi- bitions, and Displays in the United States,” with Mary Panzer and Deborah Warner, from June 19, 1995 to October 20, 1995.

Stephanie Cassidy, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Cali- fornia, San Diego. “Reconstructing the Artist: The Rise of the Art Students League, 1875-1915,” with Lillian Miller, from September 1, 1995 to August 30, 1996.

107

Education and Public Service

Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies

Gina Sanchez, SI Graduate Fellow, University of Texas. “Di- versifying Cape Verdan American Scholarship,” with John Franklin and Raymond Almeida, from June 1, 1995 to Au- gust 20, 1995.

Wendy Walters, SI Graduate Fellow, Cornell University. “Labor's Lost and Other Sad Songs: Dislocation and Dispos- session in the Blues,” with Anthony Seeger and Diana Barid N'Diaye, from May 22, 1995 to July 28, 1995.

Finance and Administration

Horticultural Services Division

Judy Wells, Enid A. Haupt Fellow in Horticulture, Univer- sity of Maryland. “Pest Management in the Haupt Garden; Developing and Implementing an Integrated Management Program,” with Nancy J. Bechtol, from June 1, 1995 to May 31, 1997.

Sciences

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Patrick Albert, Conservation Internship, Antioch University, Canada. “Literature Search on Shellac Based Period Furni- ture Varnishes,” with Donald Williams, from June 12, 1995 to June II, 1996.

Holly Anderson, CAL Third Year Intern, Buffalo State Col- lege. “Scientific and Historic Research in the Use of Red Chalk in Drawings,” with Diane van der Reyden, from Oc- tober 2, 1994 to September 2, 1995.

John Courtney, Conservation Internship, Antioch University, Canada. “A Survey of Gilt Stenciling on Philadelphia Furni- ture,” with Donald Williams, from June 15, 1995 to June 14, 1996.

108

Paul Koening, Graduate Fellow in Furniture Conservation, Antioch University. “Study of the Relationship Between ‘Original’ Coating and Barrier Coats with Synthetic Poly- mers on Furniture,” with Melvin Wachowiak, from Septem- ber 1, 1995 to August 30, 1996.

Mark Kutney, Graduate Fellow in Furniture Conservation, An- tioch University. “Study of the Affects of the Manufactur- ing Process on Shellacs Performance as a Furniture Coating,” with Melvin Wachowiak, from September 1, 1995 to August 30, 1996.

Catherine McGee, Postgraduate Conservation Intern, University of Delaware. “Archaeological Conservation Training,” with Carol Grissom, from September 4, 1995 to September 3, 1996.

Charles Moore, Graduate Fellow in Furniture Conservation, Antioch University. “Identification and Study of Materials Used to Emulate Gold Leaf in High-Style Architectural El- ements from 1880-1920,” with Melvin Wachowiak, from September I, 1995 to August 30, 1996.

Andrew Robb, University of Delaware, “Investigation of the Consolidation of Flaking Gelatin Binder on Glass Plate Negatives; The Investigation of Exhibition on Photo- graphs,” with Diane van der Reyden, from October 17, 1994 to October 16, 1995.

Ellen Rosenthal, Post-graduate Fellow, Archaeological Conser- vation, University of London. “Archaeological Conservation Training,” with Carol Grissom, from September I, 1995 to August 30, 1996.

Daniela Triadan, Postdoctoral Fellow, Freie Universitat, Ber- lin. “Provenance and Production of White Mountain Red- ware from Kinishba Pueblo, East-central Arizona,” with Ronald Bishop, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

National Museum of Natural History

Debra Bemis, SI Graduate Fellow, University of California, Santa Barbara. “Characterization of the Enzymatic Oxida- tion of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in an Isolated Chloro- plast Fraction from Anadyomene stellata,” with James Norris, from June 1, 1995 to August 15, 1995.

Cynthia Caplen, Mellon Visiting Student, Old Dominion University. “Genetic Relationships in the Blechnum Occidentale Group,” with Charles Werth and W. John Kress, from January 1, 1995 to July 1, 1995.

Joseph Dineen, University of Maryland, College Park, “Trans- port of Brachyuran Larvae in a Coastal Lagoon,” with Anson Hines, from October 1, 1994 to April 30, 1995

Don Dumond, University of Oregon, “Archaeology of the Hillside Site, St. Lawrence Island, Alaska,” with William Fitzhugh, from January 16, 1995 to May Is, 1995.

Michael Dillon, Field Museum of Natural History, “Generic Flora of the Paramos,” with Laurence Dorr, from November I, 1994 to November 30, 1994.

Patricia Erikson, University of California, Davis, “The Role of the Smithsonian Institution in the Professionalization of Tribal Museology,” with William Merrill, from January 1, 1995 to March 21, 1995.

Jennifer Frick, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, Clemson University. “Establishment of Larval Polarity,” with Mary Rice, from September I, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Debra Gold, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Michigan. “Subsistence, Health and Emergent Social Inequality: Oste- ological Analysis of Three Late Woodland Sites in Interior Virginia,” with Douglas Ubelaker, from August 15, 1995 to June I5, 1996.

William Hahn, Visiting Scientist, University of Wisconsin, Madison. “Molecular Phylogenetics of the Monocots,” with Elizabeth Zimmer, from July 1, 1995 to November I, 1995.

Gregory Kallemeyn, SI Senior Fellow, University of Califor- nia, Los Angeles. “Compositions of Chondrites,” with Eu- gene Jarosewich, from September 1, 1995 to November 30, 1995.

E1ja-Maija Kotilainen, Academy of Finland, “Gender and Ma- terial Culcure in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia,” with Paul Taylor, from January I, 1995 to June 30, 1995.

Marion Kotrba, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Regens- burg, Germany. “Comparative Morphology of the Internal Female Reproductive Tract: A Contribution to our Under- standing of Schizophoran (Diptera) Phylogeny,” with Wayne Mathis, from July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1996.

Paul Kramer, SI Predoctoral Fellow, Princeton University. “U.S. Anthropology in the Occupied Philippines, 1899— 1914,” with Paul Taylor and Charles McGovern, from Sep- tember I, 1995 to June 30, 1996.

Robert Kuzoff, Visiting Student, Washington State Univer- sity. “Molecular Phylogenetics of Plants: New Approaches for Studies of Molecular and Morphological Divergence,” with Elizabeth Zimmer, from January 15, 1995 to June 30, 1995.

Paul Lewis, North Carolina State University, “Robustness of Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny Inference to Departures From Model Assumptions,” with David Swofford, from No- vember 1, 1994 to October 31, 1995.

Leigh Johnson, Visiting Student, Washington State Unvers- ity. “Molecular Phylogenetics of Plants: New Approaches for Studies of Molecular Divergence,” with Elizabeth Zim- mer, from January 15, 1995 to June 30, 1996.

Mary Muungu, Visiting Museum Professional, National Mu- seums of Kenya. “Study of Conservation and Collections Policy at the National Musuem of Natural History,” with Richard Potts, from April 30, 1995 to June 30, 1995.

Sandra Romano, Kewalo Marine Laboratory, “Molecular Anal- ysis of Phylogenetic relationships of Families of Corals (Phylum Cnidaria, Order Scleractinia),” with Stephen Cairns and Michael Braun, from April 20, 1995 to April 19, 1996.

Tod Reeder, American Museum of Natural History, “The Use of Multiple Data Sets in Phylogenetic Analysis and the

Phylogenetic Placement of the Limbless Squamates,” with Kevin de Queiroz, from November 14, 1994 to November 13, 1995.

Stephen Reyes, Snow Entomological Museum, “Cladistic Analysis and a Study of the Evolution of Social Behavior of the Exoneura Bees (Apidae: Xylocopinae Allodapini),” with Ronald McGinley, from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1995.

Sara Russell, Visiting Scientist, California Institute of Tech- nology. “The Distribution of 26Al in Early Solar System: Constraints on Solar System Chronology,” with Glenn Mac- Pherson, from February 1, 1995 to January 31, 1996.

Gregory Scheib, Visiting Student, George Washington Uni- versity. “Associating Archival Information with Museum Collections Using CD-ROMs and Virtual Museums,” with Paul Taylor and Bruno Frohlich, from June 26, 1995 to Jan- uary 5, 1996.

John Skillman, Visiting Scientist, Duke University. “Conse- quences of Seasonal Changes in Light and Water Resources for Photosynthetic Physiology and Plant Productivity in Aechmea magdalenae, a CAM Species Native to the Rain- forest Floor in Panama,” with Klaus Winter, from October I, 1994 to September 30, 1995.

Scott Steppan, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Chicago. “Development Constraints and Tail Evolution in Mam- mals,” with Michael Carleton and Richard Thorington, from October 15, 1995 to October 14, 1996.

Lyubov Tjukova, Visiting Scientist, Institute of Zoology. “Sys- tematic Studies of the Fossil Rodents and Lagomorphs from the Tertiary Deposits of the Zaysan Basin in North- eastern Kazakhstan,” with Robert Emry, from January 1, 1995 to May 31, 1995.

Lucy Thomason, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Texas, Austin. “An Investigation of Discourse Structure in Fox,” with Ives Goddard, from August 10, 1995 to August 9, 1996.

Christopher Tudge, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Queensland. “Phylogeny of Anomuran Crustaceans (Decapoda) Based on the Gross Morphology and Ultra- structure of Spermatophores and Spermatozoa,” with Rafael Lemaitre, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Peter Wagner, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Chicago. “Phylogenetic and Morphometric Analysis of Paleozoic Gastropods,” with Douglas Erwin, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Banyue Wang, Visiting Scholar, Academia Sinica. “Compari- son of the Small Rodents found in Kazakhstan to Rodents of a Similar Age found in China,” with Robert Emry, from March 1, 1995 to May 1, 1995.

Jill Weber, SI Graduate Fellow, University of Pennsylvania. “Animal Exploitation at 3rd/2nd Millennium Tell-es- Sweyhat,” with Melinda Zeder, from September 18, 1995 co November 24, 1995. :

Charles Werth, Mellon Senior Fellow, Texas Tech University. “Genetic Relationships in the Blechnum Occidentale

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Group, A Neotropical Hybrid/Polyploid Species Complex of Ferns,” with John Kress, from January 1, 1995 to June 30, 1995.

Matthew Wills, University of Bristol, “Phylogeny and Mor- phological Disparity of Fossil and Recent Crustacea,” with Douglas Erwin and Conrad Labandeira, from January 10, 1995 to January 9, 1996.

Liling Xiang, Visiting Student, Beijing Natural History Mu- seum. “Genetic Relationships in the Blechnum Occidentale Group,” with Charles Werth and John Kress, from January 15, 1995 to May 14, 1995.

Jin Yugan, Visiting Scientist, Academia Sinica. “End-Permian Mass Extinction,” with Douglas Erwin, from September 3, 1995 to October 17, 1995.

Jutta Zipfel, “Origin of Olivine in Pallasitic Meteorites: Evi- dence from Trace Elements in Olivine,” with Glenn Mac- Pherson, from October 1, 1994 to September 30, 1995.

National Zoological Park

Janette Boughman, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Mary- land. “Group Recognition, Vocal Learning and Information Transfer in a Group-Foraging Bat, Phyllostomus hastatus,” with Eugene Morton, from June 1, 1995 to May 31, 1996.

Kathy Carlstead, Visiting Scientist, Takoma Park, Maryland. “Methods of Behavioral Assessment for the Captive Propa- gation of Endangered Species,” with Devra Kleiman, from January 1, 1995 to March 31, 1995.

Adriana Grativol, Visiting Student, University of Maryland, College Park. “Population Genetics and Evolution of the Genus Leontopithecus,” with Robert Fleischer, from Sep- tember I, 1995 to August 30, 1996.

Matthew Hamilton, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, Brown Univer- sity. “The Influence of Forest Reserve Size on Standing Ge- netic Variation and Paternity Pool Diversity in Tropical Forest Plants,” with Robert Fleischer, from September 15, 1995 to September 14, 1996.

Thomas Hildebrandt, Short Term Visitor, Institut fur Zoo- und Wildtierforschung. “An Examination of Various Ani- mal Species Using Ultrasonic,” with Dick Monrali, from July 1, 1995 to January 30, 1996.

Peter Leimgruber, Visiting Student, University of Oklahoma. “Abundance and Diversity of Songbirds and Small Mam- mals in Managed Forest Mosaics,” with William McShea, from May I5, 1995 to August 15, 1995.

Catherine Morrow, Visiting Student, George Mason University. “Understanding Reproductive Mechanisms to Conserve the Endangered Scimitar-Horned Oryx (Oryx dammah),” with Ste- ven Monfort, from May 1, 1985 to July 31, 1997.

Linda Penfold, Visiting Scientist, United States Department of Agriculture. “Crisis in Parrot Conservation: The Poten- tial of ‘Assisted’ Breeding,” with David Wildt, from July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1996.

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Ellen Paxinos, SI Predoctoral Fellow, Brown University. “Using Ancient DNA Techniques to Determine the Effects of a Population Bottleneck on Genetic Variability and Pop- ulation Structure in the Hawaiian Goose,” with Robert Fleischer, from August I5, 1995 to August 14, 1996.

Jay Schulkin, Visiting Scientist, National Institute of Mental Health. “Self-Selection of Minerals in the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus Agassizii),” with Olav Oftedal, from April 1, 1995 to September 30, 1995.

Michael Schwartz, SI Graduate Fellow, American University. “An Examination of the Breeding Biology of the Hum- boldc Penguin Using Molecular Genetic Techniques,” with Daryl Boness, from June 19, 1995 to August 25, 1995.

Daniel Shillito, SI Graduate Fellow, State University of New York, Albany. “Attribution of False Knowledge States in Orangutans,” with Benjamin Beck, from June 1, 1995 to August 10, 1995.

Katerina Thompson, Visiting Scientist, University of Mary- land, College Park. “Olfactory Control of Reproduction in Female Sable Antelope: Behavioral and Physiological Mech- anisms of Estrous Synchrony,” with Christen Wemmer, from June 1, 1995 to August 31, 1995.

Lisa Wooninck, University of California, Santa Barbara, “Mea- surements of Relative Sperm Contribution Correlated with Distribution of Paternity in an External Fertilizing Spe- cies,” with Robert Fleischer, from January 2, 1995 to March 10, 1995.

Office of Smithsonian Institution Archives

Hae-Gyung Geong, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Wis- consin, Madison. “Exerting Control: Biology and Bureau- cracy in the Development of American Entomology, 1870-1930,” with Pamela Henson, from August 15, 1995 to April 14, 1996.

Elizabeth Hanson, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Penn- sylvania. “American Zoos: A Cultural History,” with Pa- mela Henson, from September 15, 1995 to March 15, 1996.

Joseph Taylor, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Washing- ton. “Making Salmon: Transcontinental Discourse in Fish Culture, 1870-1941," with Pamela Henson, from June I5, 1995 to September 14, 1995.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Joao Alves, Visiting Student, University of Lisbon. “A Study of the Clustering Properties of Young Stars and its Relation to Dense Molecular Cloud Cores,” with Charles Lada, from February 6, 1995 to February 5, 1996.

MinQ:i Bao, Visiting Student, University of Nebraska. “Multi- photon Detachment (MPD) of Negative Ions in a Static Electric Field,” with Eric Heller, from August 28, 1995 to November 30, 1995.

Cesar Briceno, Predoctoral Fellowship, Universidad Central de Venezuela. “Search for Very Low Mass Pre-Main Se- quence Stars in Nearby Star Forming Regions,” with Lee Hartman, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Patrick Boyle, Visiting Student, University College, Dublin. “Extracting the Spectra of TeV X-Ray Sources and Electronic/ Optical Upgrading of the 10 meter Reifector,” with Trevor Weekes, from September 1, 1995 to December 31, 1995.

Nuria Calvert, Visiting Scientist, Centro de Investigaciones de Astomomia. “Infalling Envelopes; Magnetospheres in T Tauri Stars; Near Infrared Bands of CO from Accretion Disks,” with Lee Hartmann, from March 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Ming-Tang Chen, Visiting Scientist, Academia Sinica, Taipei. “Engineering and Operation of the Ongoing Sub-MM Array Project,” with Paul Ho, from July 1, 1995 to Decem- ber 31, 1995.

Junfeng Chen, Short Term Visitor, Shanghai Jiao-Tong Uni- versity. “Calculations of Energy Transfer in the Elastic Col- lisions of Fast Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms,” with Alexander Dalgarno, from October 1, 1994 to December 31, 1994.

Eduardo Hector Colombo, Visiting Student, Buenos Aires University. “Observation of AE Aqi and PSR1752 with the use of the Whipple 1om Gamma-Ray Telescope,” with Trevor Weekes, from July 12, 1995 to October 15, 1995.

Valerie Connaughton, Visiting Student, University College, Ireland. “Search for Gamma-Ray Bursts in the 10m Reflec- tor Data-Base,” with Trevor Weekes, from March 15, 1995 to June I5, 1995.

Manuel Ruiz Delgado, Visiting Student, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. “Dynamics of Multi-Probe Tethered Satellites Deployed into the Relatively Dense Layers of the Earth's Atmosphere,” with Enrico Lorenzini, from July 1, 1995 to September 30, 1995.

Antonaldo Diaferio, Visiting Scientist, University of Milano. “Investigation of Interacting Galaxies and Galaxy Meging in the Current Epoch,” with Margaret Geller, from Novem- ber 1, 1995 to September 30, 1996.

Charles Gammie, Postdoctoral Fellow, Virginia Institution for Theoretical Astronomy. “Galactic Structure: How Mixed Star and Gas Disks Differ From the Single-Component Models Studied in Classical Density Wave Theory and The Magnetic Instability in Accretion Disks,” with Ramesh Narayan, from February 1, 1995 to August 31, 1995.

Jose Miguel Girart, University of Bareclona, “High Angular Resolution Radio Observations of Molecular and Herbig- Haro Outflow Regions,” with Paul Ho, from October 1, 1994 to September 30, 1996.

Mark Gurwell, Postdoctoral Fellow, California Technical Insti- tute. “Research related to the Submillimeter Wavelength

Interferometry,” with Paul Ho, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1995.

Lambertus Hartmann, Visiting Scientist, University of Leiden. “Use of the Clean HI Sky Maps from Data Collected with the Dwingeloo Single-Dish Radio Telescope to Instigate New CO Observations with the 1.2m Radio Telescope,” with Patrick Thaddeus, from December 1, 1994 to November 30, 1995.

Luis Ho, CfA Postdoctoral Fellow, University of California, Berkeley. “The Properties and Luminosity Function of Low- Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei,” with Mark Reid and Alan Knezevich, from August I5, 1995 to August 14, 1996.

William Hoston, Visiting Student, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Study of the Bose-Einstein Condensation,” with Eric Heller, from October 1, 1994 to January 31, 1995.

Mahir Hussein, Visiting Scientist, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Study of Semiclassical Coupled-Cannels De- scription of the Electron-Molecule Scattering within the Vibron Model of Diatomic Molecules,” with Eric Heller, from February 1, 1995 to July 31, 1995.

Rolf Jansen, Predoctoral Fellowship, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute. “Theories of Galaxy Evolution,” with Daniel Fab- ricanc, from September 1, 1995 to February 29, 1996.

Vasili Kharchenko, Visiting Scientist, St. Petersburg Techni- cal University. “Thermalization of Fast Nitrogen Atom in the High Thermosphere and NO Production by Energetic N Atoms,” with Alexander Dalgarno, from January 1, 1995 to October 31, 1995.

Richard Kiely, Visiting Student, St. Patrick’s College. “Im- plementation and Testing of a Low-Cost Cherenkov Imag- ing Telescope,” with Trevor Weekes, from August 12, 1995 to February 12, 1996.

Rodney Lessard, Visiting Student, University College, Dub- lin. “Observations with the Whipple Telescopes Aimed at Extending the EGRET Observations on Supernova Rem- nants to Higher Energies,” with Trevor Weekes, from May I, 1995 to June 20, 1995.

Chien-Nan Linu, Visiting Student, University of Nebraska. “Photodetachment of Li- Below the Li(3s) Threshold and Multiphoton Detachment of Li-,” with Eric Heller, from August 28, 1995 to December 31, 1995.

Omar Lopez-Cruz, Visiting Student, University of Toronto. “Study of History of the Intracluster Medium (ICM) and the Galaxies within the Cluster,” with Christine Jones For- man, from April 1, 1995 to June 4, 1995.

Isaac Lopez-Fernandez, Visiting Scientist, Yebes Astronomical Center. “Estimation of VLBI Observing Session, Ampli- tudes of Diurnal and Semidiurnal In-Phase ad Out-of- Phase Radial and Horizontal Site Motions,” with James Davis, from January 15, 1995 to April Is, 1995.

Michael McCarthy, Visiting Scientist, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Electronic Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Carbon Chains,” with Patrick Thaddeus, from August I,

1995 to July 31, 1996.

Julie McEnery, Visiting Student, University College Dublin. “Methods of Discriminating the Gamma-Ray Signal From

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the Background Muons,” with Trevor Weekes, from Janu- ary 3, 1995 to April 3, 1995.

Brian McLeod, University of Arizona, “Evolution of Faint Field Galaxies,” with John Huchra, from October 1, 1994 to September 30, 1996.

Joan Najita, University of California, Berkeley, “Mag- netocentrifugally Driven Winds from Rapidly Rotating Protostars,” with Mark Reid, from October 15, 1994 to Oc- tober 13, 1995.

Maxim Ol’Shanii, Visiting Scientist, Ecole Normale Superie- ure. “Atomic Lithography Aided by Velocity Selective Cohernent Population Trapping and Atomic Beam Splitter Based on Multiple Adiabatic Population Transfer,” with Eric Heller, from August 15, 1995 to August 14, 1996.

Rachel Pildis, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Michigan. “Deep X-Ray and Optical Observation of Compact Groups of Galaxies,” with Stephen Murray, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

John Quinn, Visiting Student, University College, Belfield. “Observation of Whipple Telescopes Aimed at Extending the EGRET Catalog to Higher Energies,” with Trevor Weekes, from October 10, 1994 to September 30, 1995.

Alastair Rodgers, Visiting Student, University of Leeds. “Methods of Detection of Gamma-Rays Using Stereo Sys- tems,” with Trevor Weekes, from January 29, 1995 to April 28, 1995.

Juan Ramon Sanmartin, Visiting Scientist, University Politecnica de Madrid. “Theoretical Research on the Prob- lems Related to Propagation of Plasma Waves in the Iono- sphere and Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide,” with Robert Estes, from July 21, 1995 to September 2, 1995.

Uros Seljak, CfA Postdoctoral Fellow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Light Propagation in a Weakly Perturbed Expanding Universe,” with Alastair G.W. Comeron, from July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1996.

Anthony Starace, Visiting Scientist, University of Nebraska. “Electron-Atom Scattering Effects on Laser Detachment of H- ina Sratic Electric Field,” with Eric Heller, from Au- gust 28, 1995 to January 2, 1996.

Darian Stibbe, Visiting Student, University College, London. “Quantum Mechanical Solution to the Problem of (Large Amplitude) Nuclear Motion in Molecules and the Collision of Electrons (Positrons) With Molecules,” with Eric Heller, from September 15, 1995 to June 15, 1996.

Jonathan Tennyson, Visiting Scientist, University College, London. “Quantum Mechanical Solution to the Problem of (Large Amplitude) Nuclear Motion in Molecules and Colli- sion of Electrons (Positrons) with Molecules,” with Eric Heller, from September 15, 1995 to June 15, 1996.

Jathindas Tharamel, Visiting Scientist, University of New Hampshire. “Relaxation Process of Nonequilibrium Sys- tems,” with Alexander Dalgarno, from January I, 1995 to October 31, 1995.

Anne Thorne, Visiting Scientist, Imperial College of Science,

Technology and Medicine, England. “Measuring the Abso-

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luce Absorption Cross Sections of O,S-R Bands with V’ 12 by using the VUV-FT Spectrometner with Synchrotron Source at the Photon Factory, Japan,” with Koshino Yoshino, from March I, 1995 to March 31, 1995.

Eddy Timmermans, Postdoctoral Fellow, Rice University. “Spin Holography and Quantum Statistical Effects in Reso- nant Photon Scattering,” with Eric Heller, from September I, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Ching-Hua Tseng, Visiting Scientist, Harvard University. “In- vestigations of a New Biomedical Diagnostic Technique: The Inhalation and Magnetic Resonance (MR) of Laser- Polarized’*?XE (Xenon) Gas,” with Ronald Walsworth, from June I, 1995 to October 31, 1995.

Petri Vaisanen, Predoctoral Fellowship, Helsinki University. “Observational Cosmology in the Infrared, Doing Number Count Modelling,” with Giovanni Fazio, from August 15, 1995 to August 14, 1996.

Carl Williams, Visiting Scientist, National Institute of Stan- dards and Technology. “Problems With Ultracold Atomic Collisions,” with Eric Heller, from February 1, 1995 to May 13, 1995.

Jennifer Wiseman, Visiting Scientist, Harvard University. “Study of Staf Forming Molecular Clouds,” with Pual Ho, from June I, 1995 to August 31, 1995.

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

Anastazia Banaszak, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Cali- fornia, Santa Barbara. “UV Photobiology of Phytoplankton in the Rhode River, Chesapeake Bay,” with Patrick Neale, from September I, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Damian Barrett, Mellon Visiting Scientist, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry. “The Effects of Rising Atmospherici CO, and Climate Change,” with Bert Drake, from May 1, 1995 to October 31, 1995.

Paul Bushmann, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, Boston University. “Chemical Urine Signals, Vision, and Current Generation in the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus,” with Anson Hines, from July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1996.

Kelton Clark, SI Graduate Fellow, University of Maryland, College Park. “The Response of Prey to Variability in Pred- ator Guild Composition and Refuge Habitat Value: An Ex- ample from the Chesapeake Bay,” with Anson Hines, from June 1, 1995 to August 31, 1995.

Ilka Feller, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, Georgetown University. “Effects of Light Levels, Gender, Mineral Nutrients, Ele- vated CO, on Herbivory in the Woody Deciduous Shrub, Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume (Lauraceae),” with James Lynch and Dennis Whigham, from August I, 1995 to July 31, 1996.

Jennifer Gavin, Visiting Student, University of North Caro- lina. “Mating Display of Male Blue Crabs: Role of a Male

Pheromone,” with Anson Hines, from June 12, 1995 to Au- gust 18, 1995.

Roger Gifford, Mellon Senior Fellow, CSIRO Divisicn of Plant Industry, Australia. “The Effects of Rising Atmo- spheric CO, and Climate Change,” with Berk Drake, from February I, 1995 to January 31, 1997.

Miguel Gonzalez-Meler, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Barcelona. “Regulation of Respiration by Athospheric CO, Concentration,” with Bert Drake, from June Is, 1995 to December 14, 1995.

L. David Smith, University of Maryland, College Park, “Understanding Ballast-Mediated Invasions: The Effects of Transoceanic Transport and Prolonged Darkness on Plank- tonic Survival and Development,” with Gregory Ruiz, from November 1, 1994 to October 30, 1995.

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Kenneth Caneva, Dibner Library Resident Scholar, University of North Carolina. “Orsted, Colding, and the Meanings of Force in Nineteenth Century Physics,” with Nancy Gwinn, from June I, 1995 to June 30, 1995.

Bruce Janacek, Dinber Libaray Resident Scholar, University of California, Davis. “Redemption and Reformation: The Reli- gious Significance of Alchemy in Early Modern England,” with Nancy Gwinn, from September 12, 1995 to December 12, 1995.

Helen Rozwadowski, University of Pennsylvania, “Fruits of the Sea: The Literary Products of Nineteenth-Century Ocean Travel,” with Ellen Wells, from February 1, 1995 to April 30, 1995.

Steven Walton, University of Toronto, “Engineering the Body: Mechanical Beings 1600-1900,” with Ellen Wells, from May Is, 1995 to August 15, 1995.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Center

Mitchell Allen, Visiting Student, University of Kansas. “Photosynthesis and Whole Plant Performance in the Understory at Barro Colorado Island,” with S. Joseph Wright and Robert Pearcy, from July 1, 1995 to March 31, 1997.

Nigel Asquith, SI Predoctoral Fellow, Duke University. “Abi- otic and Biotic Control of Tree Regeneration: An Experi- mental Comparison of Sites Around Gatun Lake, Panama,” with S. Joseph Wright, from February 1, 1996 to January 31, 1997.

Henrik Balslev, Senior Mellon Fellow, Aarhus University, Denmark. “Study of the Structure and Evolution of Terres-

trial Ecosystems,” with Robin Foster, from March 1, 1995 to February 28, 1997.

Heidi Banford, SI Graduate Fellow, College of William and Mary. “Historical Zoogeography of Scomberomorus (Teleostei: Scombridae) From the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific: A Mo- lecular Approach,” with Eldredge Bermingham, from Sep- tember 1, 1995 to November 9, 1995.

Mairi Best, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Chicago. “Tapho- nomy of Tropical Molluscan Assemblages: Comparative of Car- bonate and Siliciclastic Marine Environments of the San Blas Archipelago Caribbean Coast of Panama,” with Jeremy Jack- son, from September 1, 1995 to November 30, 1995.

Hans Bohnert, Mellon Senior Fellow, University of Arizona. “Metabolic Pathways for Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide in Vascular Plants,” with Klaus Winter, from March 1, 1995 to February 28, 1997.

David Chalcraft, SI Graduate Fellow, Virginia Polytechnic In- stitute. “Predation on Lizard Eggs by Ants: Interaction Modifications in an Unstable Physical Environment,” with A. Stanley Rand and S. Joseph Wright, from June 1, 1995 to August 9, 1995.

Neil Davies, Short Term Fellow, University College, London. “Islands: Phylogenetic Sinks or Engines of Evolution,” with Eldredge Bermingham, from November 1, 1994 to January 31, 1995.

Pedro Gonzalez, National Institute of Health, “Analysis of the Molecular Divergence in the Sea Urchin Geminate Spe- cies in Both Sides of the Panama Isthmus,” with Harilaos Lessios, from January 6, 1995 to January 6, 1996.

Ralph Kaemmerer, Mellon Visiting Scientist, Freie Uni- versitat, Berlin. “Metabolic Pathways for Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide in Vascular Plants,” with Klaus Winter and Hans Bohnert, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1997.

Roland Kays, SI Predoctoral Fellow, University of Tennessee. “Ecological Influences of Social Structure: A Study of Two Primate-Like Carnivores,” with Egbert Leigh and A. Stan- ley Rand, from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Kaoru Kitajima, Visiting Scientist, University of Minnesota. “Comparative Ecology of Tree Canopies in a Tropical Dry Forest Near Panama,” with Joseph Wright, from January 1, 1995 to August 31, 1995.

Deborah Olander, SI Graduate Fellow, University of Missouri, St. Louis. “Late Second Growth Forest Light Environments: Implications for Forest Regeneration,” with S. Joseph Wright, from June 10, 1995 to August 19, 1995.

John Pandolfi, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of California, Davis. “A Comparative Analysis of Stability in Pleistocene Reef Coral Assemblages for the Caribbean and the Indo-Pa- cific,” with Jeremy Jackson and Anthony Coates, from Oc- tober I, 1994 to September 30, 1997.

Carla Penz, Short Term Fellow, University of Texas. “Phyloge- netic Relationships among He/iconitt: genera (Lep: Nymph- alidae),” with Eldredge Bermingham, from November 1, 1994 to January 31, 1995.

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Stephen Rehner, SI Postdoctoral Fellow, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. “Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Attine Fungi and Neotropical Lepiotaceae,” with Eldredge Bermingham, from September I, 1995 to August 31, 1996.

Kayra Romoleroux, Visiting Scientist, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. “Structure and Evolution of Terres- trial Ecosystems,” with Robin Foster and Henrik Balslev, from June 1, 1995 to May 31, 1997.

Gerald Urquhart, Short Term Fellow, University of Michigan. “Paleoecological Investigation of Patterns of Disturbance and Regeneration in Hurricane and Fire-Damaged Tropical Swamp Forests,” with Paul Colinvaux, from February 1, 1995 to April 30, 1995.

Fernando Vallardares, Mellon Visiting Scientist, University of California, Davis. “Photosynthesis and Whole Plant Performance in the Understory at Barro Calorado Is- land,” with S. Joseph Wright, from April 20, 1995 to March 31, 1996.

Jeanne Zeh, SI Predoctoral Fellow, Rice University. “Female Promiscuity Meets Genomic Anarchy in the Hybrid Zone,” with Eldredge Bermingham, from June 1, 1995 to August 31, 1995.

Internships and Other Appointments

The Smithsonian offers internships and other special ap- pointments to undergraduate and graduate students and to museum professionals. The interns included here began their appointments in fiscal year 1995. Those who received special awards or participated in special pro- grams are so listed. Wherever possible the home institu- tion, a brief description of the project undertaken at the

Smithsonian, and the dates of service are given.

Anacostia Museum

Michelle Black Smith, Masters Candidate, Fashion Institute of Technology. Education. Exhibition and educational pro- gramming at both the Anacostia and Motown Historical Museums as a participant in the Museum Intern Partner- ship Program. October 3, 1994 through April 15, 1995.

Raymond Doswell, Masters Candidate, University of Califor- nia, Riverside. Working on the Black Mosaic exhibit. Janu- ary 9, 1995 through March 17, 1995.

Marisa Keselica, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. An- acostia Museum History Office “Speak to my heart” ex- hibit examining African-American religious experience

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especially ourside the mainstream protestant church. Sep- tember 6, 1995 through December 22, 1995.

Deidre R. Lee, Bachelors Candidate, University of Virginia. Public Programs. Working on a traveling exhibit/video slide presentation to highlight important aspects of re- search/exhibits at the museum. Developing press releases for summer events. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Jose A. Ortiz, Masters Candidate, New York University. Pub- lic Programs. Evaluating five traveling exhibitions with conservator for future circulation. Automating/cataloging exhibition by developing historical archives and assisting in audience development for Latino population. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Archives of American Art

Titus Agee, Bachelors Candidate, Rollins College. Prelimi- nary manuscript and archival processing and arrangement. October 4, 1994 through December 23, 1994.

Genevieve Bensinger, Bachelors degree, Georgetown Univer- sity. Archives of American Art. Research and Writing to prepare guides to the collections in the Archives. August 30, 1995 through December 30, 1995.

Kaira M. Cabanas, Bachelors Candidate, Duke University. Re- search and writing to prepare guides to the collections in the Archives. Working on a reference guide to the collec- tions of Latino artists at the Archives of American Art. This will facilitate research on further study of Latino artists. May 22, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Jennifer E. Ciszewski, Bachelors Degree, University of Con- necticut. Research and writing to prepare guides to the col- lections in the Archives. October 3, 1994 through December 25, 1994.

Heather Hole, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Curato- rial. Research and writing to prepare guides to the collec- tions in the Archives. June 5, 1995 through September 1, 1995.

Lars D. Kokkonen, Bachelors degree, Boston University. Ar- chives of American Art. Research and writing to prepare guides to the collections in the Archives. September 5, 1995 through December 23, 1995.

Lisa Lynch, Bachelors Degree, University of Oregon. Prelimi- nary manuscript and archival processing and arrangement. June 5, 1995 through September 8, 1995.

Victoria McCulloch, Bachelors Degree, University of Central Lancashire. Research and writing to prepare guides to the collections in the Archives. January 5, 1995 through May 30, 1995.

Jennifer Anne Sarzynski, Bachelors Candidate, Jakeaud Uni- versity. Research and writing to prepare guides to the col- lections in the Archives. May 8, 1995 through August 31,

1995-

Ashli White, Bachelors Degree, University of Virginia. Re- search and writing to prepare guides to the collections in the Archives. January 5, 1995 through May 30, 1995.

Laurel A. Williams, Bachelors Degree, Wesleyan University. Research and writing to prepare guides to the collections in the Archives. July 5, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Archives of American Art/New England

Mary Ellen Sciortino, Masters Candidate, Sinnins College. Ar- chives of American Art, Boston. Processing papers of Peter Blume. October I, 1994.

Arthur M. Sackler/Freer Gallery of Art

Kathy Byun, Bachelors Degree, Skidmore College. Conserva- tion science, generating a library of infrared spectra of un- organic materials to be used for reference to materials taken from works of art. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Jacqueline Curro, Masters Candidate, University of Maryland. Library/Archives. Assist in review, update, and revision of various forms created and used in the archives and review of records policies. February 2, 1995 through May 3, 1995.

Mitchell Douglass, Bachelors Candidate, Oberlin College. Cu- ratorial. Research Chinese furniture styles. January 3, 1995 through February I, 1995.

Konrad Fiedler, Bachelors Candidate, Columbia College. Edu- cation Department. Arrange and preserve the early expedi- tion records and professional papers of Carl Whiting Bishop, an associate curator at the Freer Gallery of Art from 1922 to 1942. July 5, 1995 through August I8, 1995.

Erica Henry, Bachelors Degree. Conservation. Paper conserva- tion: rehousing, surveys, mending. September 25, 1995 through September 25, 1996.

Laura Lewis, Masters Candidate, George Washington Univer- sity. Education. Modifications of the Yani Teacher Packet. January 17, 1995 through April 27, 1995.

Anne Marteyn, Masters Degree, Sorbonne University. Conser- vation. Study the philosophy and techniques of conserva- tion of Asian works of art. December 1, 1994 through March 1, 1995.

Susan McCaffrey, Bachelors Candidate, George Washington University. Photography. Assist in photo lab shooting, printing and filing photos of art objects. May 12, 1995

through September 30, 1995.

Susan McCullough, Masters Candidate, Indiana University. Curatorial. Working on exhibit of Whistler. January 23, 1995 through May 15, 1995.

J. Melissa Miller, Bachelors degree. Registrar's Office. Preser- vation and Access Project: Freer Gallery of Art Study Col- lection. August 23, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Chris Murphy, High School Graduate. Photography division. Photo lab intern; Filing, Printing, Assisting etc. August 1, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Laura Phang, Bachelors Candidate, Amherst College. Curato- rial. Updating and maintaining files on Whistler works on paper. Independent project involves exploring Whistler's connection to Asian art. June 5, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Jacob Preminda, Doctorate, University of California-Los An- geles. Curatorial. Assisting with the development of the ex- hibition of “Puja: Personal Devotion in India.” October 3, 1994 through January 3, 1995.

Farhad Sepambodi, Bachelors Candidate. Design. Various de- sign work throughout the museum. March 13, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Laura Sonjara, Bachelors Degree, University of Wisconsin. Conservation. Translate Chinese materials and study Asian painting conservation techniques. December 5, 1994 through December 5, 1995.

Helen E. Spande, Bachelors Degree, Williams College. Con- servation Lab. Paper lab conservation assistant. July 1o, 1995 through September 10, 1995.

Deborah Stein, Bachelors Candidate, Barnard College. Curato- rial. Research on the permanent collection. Reorganization of South Asian art for the reopening of the gallery in the new space. Shadowing the curator of South Asian art. May 22, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Alexandra Tunstall, Bachelors Candidate, Oberlin College. Chinese Art. Research assistant to Chinese Arc Curator.

July 24, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Center for African American History and Culture

Rachel Jean-Baptiste, Bachelors Degree, Bryn Mawr College. Les Anneaux de Memoire - co exhibit between museum in Nantes, France and several African American museums in the US on the slave trade between France and Africa in the 18th century. May 16, 1995 through July 21, 1995.

Rodney Reynolds, Bachelors Degree, Howard University. Working with curatorial and education staff to organize and implement educational programs and work with cura- torial and education staff to organize and implement educa- tional programs and packets for exhibits. October 3, 1994 through April 15, 1995.

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Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies

Sam Ankerson, Bachelors Degree, Yale University. Assisting and marketing of folkways materials. June 9, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Beth Binkley, Bachelors degree, Guilfurd College. The intern will be working on the upcoming Folklife festival which in- cludes 150 years of Smithsonian workers. Continuing work of previous interns and compiling information on histori- cal/current Smithsonian workers as well as the Smithsonian as a museum and research institution. September 9, 1995 through March 31, 1996.

Dani Brune, Bachelors Candidate, Dartmouth College. I will be doing preliminary research for one topic of next year’s Folklife Festival. My research will focus on Smithsonian workers for the past 150 years. June 19, 1995 through Au- ZUST 30, 1995.

Alexa Jane Burcroff, Bachelors Candidate, Rochester Institute of Technology. Assisting with the folklife festival. June 5, 1995 through July 14, 1995.

Christine E. Dee, Bachelors Candidate, George Washington University. Preparation and production work on the Cape Verde project, which will be a part of the 1995 Festival of American Folklife. November 14, 1994 through July 31, 1995.

Ann Marie Denninger, Bachelors Degree, James Madison Uni- versity. Assisting in the creation of a membership drive packet and assembling information for a catalogue display- ing work of artisans countrywide. January 9, 1995 through February 28, 1995. Vladimir Donskoi, Bachelors Degree. Work with 1995 Festival of American Folklife Russian pro- gram.May 17, 1995 through July 3, 1995.

Mary Faial, Bachelors Candidate, Howard University. Re- search, mailing, calling involved members of the Cape Ver- dian Community. February 6, 1995 through June 1, 1995.

Dana Frye, Masters Candidate, The American University. In- tern will put together a video and/or radio piece for the dis- semination of information on the “Culture and Development" program concentrating on sustainable agri- culture. July 6, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Catherine Hardman, Bachelors Candidate, George Mason Uni- versity. Editing, filing. Research for ongoing project regard- ing the 1950s. Musical focus on Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and rockabilly music. January 27, 1995 through Au- Sust 3, 1995.

C. Mark Hill, Bachelors Candidate, Duke University. Festival of American Folklife Cape Verde program. June 14, 1995 through February 1996.

Anne M. Hobbs, Bachelors Degree, Salisbury State Univer- sity. Assisting with participant coordination of 1995 Fes- tival of American Folklife. June 6, 1995 through July 6, 1995.

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Sandi Horowitz, High School Student, Hillsboro High School. Czech republic for the American Folklife Festival. June 19, 1995 through July 4, 1995.

Robert Hsiung, Bachelors Candidate, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Folklife and Culture. Assisting with the History of American folklife and culture. December 19, 1994 through January 10, 1995.

Kristen Jackson, Bachelors Degree, Lewis and Clark College. African immigrants folklife study project to be included in the 1995 Festival of American Folklife. November 28, 1994 through June 30, 1995.

Shawn Kline, Bachelors Degree, Indiana University of Penn- sylvania. Folkways Recordings. Constituent research, devel- oping project specific databases and coordinating media kits. December 12, 1994 through December 12, 1995.

Katie Knoll, Bachelors Degree. Working on friends of the fes- tival program, organization of folklife festival. June 12, 1995 through August I8, 1995.

Peter Kornberg, Bachelors Candidate, George Washington University. 1995 Festival of American Folklife: Design pro- duction. May 2, 1995 through July 19, 1995.

Suzanne Lettrick, Masters candidate, College of St. Rose. Edu- cation. Working on educational packets which promote knowledge of other cultures (i.e. Bahamian, Native Ameri- can, etc) Also working on folklorist updates and commu- nity scholar survey results. August 7, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Su-Lian Li, Masters Candidate, The American University. In- ventory and catalogue crafts, identifying Asian American crafts, working with archives and assisting with the Festival’ Russian music program. January 23, 1995 through April 21, 1995.

Liza K. Lopez, Bachelors Candidate, New Mexico State Uni- versity. Video documentary on Latin American/Caribbean components of last year’s Folklife Festival. June 5, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Elena Martinez, Masters Candidate, University of Oregon. Work on exhibit at Festival of America’s craft traditions; as- sisting with production of the catalogue; working with demonstrators. June 12, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Mary Ellen McDermott, Masters Candidate, George Washing- ton University. Craft traditions. May 15, 1995 through July 10, 1995.

Emily C. McDonald, Bachelors Candidate, University of North Carolina. Organization of the Czech Republic por- tion of the Festival of American Folklife, especially food ways. May 21, 1995 through June 23, 1995.

Jenna A. Moniz, Bachelors Candidate, Howard University. Helping coordinate and put together Folklife Festival. Jan- uary 23, 1995 through July 31, 1995.

Ann M. Ochsendorf, Bachelors Candidate, Wellesley College. Assisting with the folklife festival. June 5, 1995 through Au- gust IO, 1995.

Tracy Patterson, Bachelors Degree, Clark Atlanta University. African Immigrant Folklife. Assisting with various aspects

of production leading to the Festival of American Folklife and conducting field interview with community scholars and artists to be archived and analyzed for the office. June 5, 1995 through August I8, 1995.

Sarah Padilla, Bachelors Candidate, College of William and Mary. Festival of American Folklife. Working on the Cape Verdean exhibit. June 12, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Rebecca D. Peters, Bachelors Candidate, Yale University. Czech program for the American Folklife Festival. May 15, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Emily Quirk, Bachelors candidate, The American University. Bibliography for Richard Kurin, the director of the Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies, regarding the folklife festival regarding forthcoming festivals. September Il, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Melanie Robinson, Bachelors Candidate, University of Penn- sylvania. Assisting with the Folklife festival. May 15, 1995 through July 31, 1995.

Marcela Rossello, Bachelors Degree. Assisting with the cul- tural development video project. February 21, 1995 through April 30, 1995.

Joshua J. Shaw, Bachelors Candidate, Bard College. Archives. Archival work involving research and cataloging of oral tra- ditions. October 24, 1994 through December 24, 1994.

Edward Sterret, High School Student, Chevy Chase High School. Working with folkways record on the musical ar- chives. March 2, 1995 through June 3, 1995.

Anne E. Thomas, Bachelors Candidate, College of William and Mary. Folkways. Folkways recording and the archives; observing the production of folkways recordings and treat- ment of ethnomusicological issues in this context. May 22, 1995 through August 9, 1995.

Lynn M. Tuttle, Masters Degree, The Johns Hopkins Univer- sity. Folkways Archives. Cataloging the original tapes of Frederick Ramsey's fieldwork in the South in the 1950's and collating the results of a survey directed toward educators who use Smithsonian curriculum materials. January Io, 1995 through July 1, 1995.

Elena Williams, Bachelors Candidate, University of Arizona. Working on completion of Borders and Identity Educa- tional Kit and planning for Talleres de la Frontera. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Kelli E. Woodrow, Bachelors Candidate, University of Michi- gan. Video. Documentation of the Folklife Festival. Meet with program curators and set up a filming schedule and fa- cilitate in the training of the festival video and volunteers. May 22, 1995 through July 12, 1995.

Center for Museum Studies

Anika Bachhuber, Bachelors Candidate, George Mason Uni- versity. Center for Museum Studies Intern Office. Coding

intern evaluation forms and compiling report for future sur- veys and assessment of Center for Museum Studies Intern Services. July 3, 1995 through August HJ, 1995.

Anika Bachhuber, Bachelors Candidate, George Mason Uni- versity. Cataloguing audio tapes of annual meetings of the American Association of Museums. Tapes of various “ex- pert” panelists on subjects concerning museums. August 25, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Don Edward Baylor Jr., Bachelors Degree. Provide courses and information that encourages cultural diversity. Helping dis- cover innovative ways to reach across cultural boundaries in learning. October 3, 1994 through December 9, 1994.

Alexander A. Guzhalovsky, Doctorate Degree, Belarus State University. Study museum operations in the United States with special emphasis on design and education. Project work will result in development of a museum studies cur- riculum to be implemented at Belarusian State University. October 3, 1994 through April 1, 1995.

Maria Eduarda Castro Marques, Masters Degree, Ponticicia Universidade catolica-R7. Researching methods of Develop- ment throughout the Smithsonian Institution. September 5, 1995 through November 5, 1995.

Marissa Payton, Masters Candidate, Howard University. Re- search potential internship sites for the Museum Intern Partnership Program; assist in developing 1996 program; including planning conference to be held at The Smithson- ian Institution in fall 1995. June 19, 1995 through Septem- ber 1, 1995.

Maria Venclova, Bachelors Candidate, Baldwin-Wallace Col- lege. Contacting prospective faculty participants, writing confirmation and thank you letters to participants, research- ing and compiling museum career info to be included in program resource books, plan program agenda, session plans. June 12, 1995 through July 31, 1995.

K. Allison Wickens, Bachelors Degree, Grinnell College. American Indian Museum Studies. Compiling a directory of people who attend American Indian workshops and col- lecting information to use in future workshops. December 28, 1994 through February 24, 1995.

Angela Wickham, Bachelors Degree. Grant research and as- sisting in the development of the 1995 Museum Leadership Seminar. February 5, 1995 through May 20, 1995.

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Holly Anderson, Masters Candidate, Buffalo State College. Paper Conservation Laboratory. October 2, 1994 through September 2, 1995.

Tania Collas, Masters Candidate, Buffalo State College. Ob- jects Conservation. Treatment and research of objects and field experience working at archaeological sites. October 17, 1994 through September 17, 1995.

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Evin Erder, Masters Degree, University of Pennsylvania. Con- servation Analytical Lab. Development of an evaluation methodology for cleaning damage assessment. July 5, 1995 through September 11, 1995.

Andrea S. Morris, Bachelors Degree, University of Delaware. Conservation. June 19, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum

Joao Camacho Baptista de Meireles Felia, Bachelors Candi- date, Istituto Superiore Ind. Artistiche. Education. Assist- ing the curator with the organization of the Henry Dreyfuss exposition. July 1, 1995 through September 1,

1995.

Stephanie K. Farrell, Masters Degree, Palmer School of Li- brary and Information Science. Library. Various projects to include working with Cooper-Hewitt Museum archives. June 12, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Ibena Spasova Georgieva, Bachelors Candidate. The American University in Bulgaria. Exhibitions. Researching and organ- izing two exhibitions for 1997. One is based on a collection in honor of a centennial and the other one is an outdoor project on solar power. June 12, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Nic Maffei, Masters Candidate, University of Delaware. Assisting the curator in organization of Henry Dreyfuss exhibit and publication. June 1, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Paul Makovsky, Masters Degree, University of Toronto. Researching the projects “Mixing Messages" and “The Avant-Garde Letterhead.” June 12, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Beth Mangini, Bachelors Candidate, Stanford University. Edu- cation. Summer Design Institute; cross currents series; in- tern visits; garden party coordinator and facilitator. June 12, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Rachael Eliza Smith, Bachelors Candidate, University of Penn- sylvania. Public Information. Assisting Public Information specialist in all duties including mailing list project, build- ing renovation dissemination project, services to the nation. June 12,1995 through August I8, 1995.

Chaim Stadtmauer, Bachelors Degree. Membership and Special Events. Preparing a report on current member- ship packages from local institutions and comparing them to the Cooper-Hewitt. June 16, 1995 through Au- gust 18, 1995.

Thorin R. Tritter, Bachelors Degree, Columbia University. Public Programs. Researching information for upcoming exhibition on the North American City. June 12, 1995 through August I8, 1995.

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Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Tobey Ballenger, Bachelors Degree, Dartmouth College. Edu- cation. Education intern at the HMSG, redesigning the do- cent training handbook, creating and giving tours, working with the family days team on Saturday program- ming. June 12, 1995 through August I8, 1995.

Bridget Theresa Cecchini, Bachelors Candidate, Oglethorpe University. Education Department. Researching informa- uon for special exhibitions including Stephan Balkenhol, keeping Bruce Nauman information organized and current, organizing information on upcoming exhibits and public programs, and researching Barbara Hepworth. October 3, 1994 through December 16, 1994.

Romy Lisa Cohen, Bachelors Degree, Duke University. Cura- torial. Assisting both the sculpture and painting curators with research as well as updating general information about some of the artists who are exhibited. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Jennifer King, Bachelors Candidate, Rice University. Publica- tions. Working with director of publications on museum catalogs, calendar of events and other various publication intended to facilitate communication becween the museum and the public. June 5, 1995 through August 1, 1995.

Marni P. Kravitz, Bachelors Candidate, Georgetown Univer- sity. Education. Assisting in program development. Sep- tember 29, 1995 through December 20, 1995.

Amy Louise Miller, Bachelors Candidate, Westminster Col- lege. Education. Researching artist Bruce Nauman, orienta- tion with of departments by following docent tours and attending lectures. February 3, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Todd E. Rosenbaum, Bachelors Candidate, Virginia Common- wealth University. Sculpture Conservation. June 5, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Marinda Jeanne Scott, Bachelors Candidate, George Washing- ton University. Curatorial. Assistant curatorial internship conducting research on up coming exhibitions for Spring 1995. October 6, 1994 through May 30, 1995.

Julie Wolfe, Masters Candidate, Buffalo State College. Conser- vation. Outdoor sculpture maintenance program. June 5, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

International Center

Oscar Daniel Diaz Aguilar. International Project Develop- ment Group Perform research and develop possible projects in Paraguay. Assisting with marketing efforts for the IPDG and researching debt information for Paraguay. February 27, 1995 through May 31, 1995.

Olga Ananina, Bachelors Candidate, Hope College. Interna- tonal Project Development Group. Researching and com-

piling a document summarizing several Smithsonian projects relating to Russia. Researching and compiling a document summarizing several Smithsonian projects relating to Russia. Working with the Office of Development in securing funding sources for possible activities. Translation from Russian to En- glish. Light administrative assistance for the Director of the IPDG. Assisting with activities relating to the Gutana Work- ing Group. March 20, 1995 through April 27, 1995.

Ione Anderson, Bachelors Degree, McGill University. Environ- mental. Producing a “family guide" for the Ocean Planet exhibition. May 22, 1995 through September 22, 1995.

Paul Feldman, Bachelors Degree. Man and the Biosphere. Working on a user's guide to the Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve Biodiversity Plot 02. October 3, 1994 through De- cember 13, 1994.

Naina Mistry, Bachelors Degree, U.C. Berkeley. Environmen- tal Awareness. Working on materials related to the “Ocean Planc” exhibit at the Natural History Museum. May 8, 1995 through July 17, 1995.

Sonal I. Pandya, Masters Candidate, University of Maryland. International Project Development Group. Researching and formulating proposals on various issues relating to the Guianas Ad Hoc Working Group, i.e. revenue generating alternatives to timber harvesting. Creating a list containing the debt information for various countries. Assisting with marketing efforts and possible design of A National Mu- seum of Natural History Training Brochure. February 6, 1995 through May 22, 1995.

Sarah Piepmeier, Bachelors Candidate, Wellesley College. As- sistant to the staff coordinator, I5oth anniversary commu- nity committee. Producing camera ready copy of catalog for leading community activity-the great Smithsonian giveaway. This will help implement other 150th projects. June 5, 1995 through August 8, 1995.

Anita Van Harten, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Environmental Awareness Program. Assisting in development and implementation of public programs and educational materials in support of the “Ocean Planet” exhibition. January 17, 1995 through May 5, 1995.

National Air and Space Museum

Ellen Alvord, Masters Degree, William and Mary. Educa- tional Services. Research support in aviation, aerospace, en- vironmental education, and adult education. June 12, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Tyrin Heather T.C. Avery, Bachelors Candidate, Wellesley College. Space History. Research support to the develop- ment of an upcoming gallery on the history of Blacks in aviation. The gallery research will entail extensive oral his- tory interviewing, collection of personal items and back- ground research. June 5, 1995 through August 11, 1995.

Joy Bowman, Bachelors Candidate, West Virginia University. Educational Services. Assisting the coordinator in manag- ing the internship program. Responsible for creating files on each student, scheduling tours and other activities relat- ing to the program. Developing careers program in avia- tion. May 30, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Joy Bowman, Bachelors Candidate, West Virginia University. Education. Working on a project for the National Air and Space Museum Education department consisting of re- search into the aeronautical field. The research will be com- piled into a contest to be presented to DC high school students, to get them interested in air/space. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

David Burton, Bachelors Candidate, University of the District of Columbia. Preservation/Restoration. Restoring the “B- 29” aircraft. Working on control systems, hydraulic sys- tems, power plants, propellers, landing gears, instruments, and other aircraft or spacecraft parts, wooden and metal. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Joseph Cabutto, Bachelors Candidate, Embry-Riddle Aeronau- tical University. Preservation/Restoration. Restoring and preserving aircraft engines. Working on control systems, hydraulic systems, power plants, propellers, landing gears, instruments, and other aircraft or spacecraft parts, wooden and metal. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Juliana E. Carpenter, Bachelors Candidate, Wittenberg Uni- versity, Educational Services. Assisting program coordina- tor with the Summer Science Camp for approximately 120 children ages 9-12. The theme of the camp will be “Envi- ronment and You—Perfect Together." June 12, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Marcelo Catalan, Bachelors Candidate, Embry-Riddle Aero- nautical University. Preservation/Restoration. Restoring the “Hawker Hurricane,” aircraft. Working on control sys- tems, hydraulic systems, powerplants, propellers, landing gears, instruments, and other aircraft or spacecraft parts, wooden and metal. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

David Cremer, Bachelors Candidate, Gateway Technical Col- lege. Exhibits Production. Advanced techniques of Agfa Copy Camera, which includes producing film positive, paper copy, line art and text labels. Intern will learn about mixing of ink color, color separation, and silkscreen tech- nique. June 5, 1995 through August Il, 1995.

Sarah Evans, Bachelors Degree. Archives. Assisting in the preparation plan for the U.S. Air Force Pre-1943 still photo- graphic collection, Phase II. This phase will consist of color images which appear in prints, slides and film. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Katherine Finch, Bachelors Candidate, Trinity College. Multi- cultural Outreach. Work on creating a video library from all public programs. Library will include research of biographical information, current address, phone number and a brief de- scription of each lecture. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Kevin Govier, Bachelors Candidate, Prince George’s Commu-

nity College. Assisting in preserving and restoring a World

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War II artifact, involving learning skills regarding corro- sion control and how to disassemble and reassemble the ar- tuifact upon completion of the treatment. November 21, 1994 through January 23, 1995.

Samuel Hicks, Bachelors Candidate, George Washington University. Computer Services. Assisting in configuring and installing personal computer hardware and software, including necwork hardware. In addition, student will assist personal computer users to solve hardware and software problems. June 12, 1995 through August 11, 1995.

Timothy Howard, Bachelors Candidate, Parks College of St. Louis. Restoration/Preservation. Working on the cowlings of the B-29 which entails a complete break- down of the engine cowlings followed by a thorough cleaning and then re-assembling them. Cowlings will be attached to powerplants. January 23, 1995 through March 31, 1995.

Peter KeKe, Bachelors Candidate, Bowie State University. Ed-

ucation/Exhibits. Developing, constructing and evaluating interactive devices for the “How Things Fly” gallery, which will open in 1996. The majority of the prototypes will be electro-mechanically operated. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Angie Kelic, Bachelors Candidate, University of Michigan.

Preservation/Restoration. Restoring the"B-29" aircraft. Working on control systems, hydraulic systems, power plants, propellers, landing gears, instruments, and other air- craft or spacecraft parts, wooden and metal. June 5, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Ronald Kurpiers, Masters Candidate, Catholic University. Ed-

ucation/Library. Creating bibliographies on topics that re- late to the museum's collections and exhibits. Creating an index to the Scrapbook of Early Aeronautical, which in- cludes materials dating from 1783-1840. June 5, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Stephan Lisimaque, Bachelors Candidate, Florida Tech. Preser-

vation. Restoring the “Aichi Seiran" aircraft. Working on control systems, hydraulic systems, power plants, propel- lers, landing gears, instruments, and other aircraft or space- craft parts, wooden and metal. June 5, 1995 through August 11, 1995.

Crystal G. Lovett, Bachelors Candidate, University of Illinois

Urbana. Center for Earth and Planetary Studies. Analyzing and interpreting remote sensing characteristics of vegetated and non-vegetated sand accumulations in the eastern Mo- jave Desert of California. Working with Landsat and SPOT satellite data to discriminate sand features. June 5, 1995

through September 8, 1995.

Erica Mestuzzi, Bachelors Candidate, New York University.

Archives. Creating physical and intellectual control of in- coming archival collections. Rehousing and preparing ini- tial container lists for small collections and assisting with the technical manuals and drawings collections. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

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Heidi Oertle, Bachelors Candidate, Carleton College. Coop- erative Programs. Production of an Air and Space Com- pendium. A catalog of information on museums which participated in the Mutual Concerns of Air and Space Museum Seminars from 1988-92. Updating and expand- ing the compendium. June 12, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Jennifer Ohgi, Bachelors Candidate, Cal Tech. Education/ Exhibits. Developing, contructing and evaluating inter- active devices for the “How Things Fly” gallery which will open in 1996. The majority of the prototypes will be electro- mechanically operated. June 19, 1995 through August 11, 1995.

Nagini Paravastu, Bachelors Candidate, University of Vir- ginia. Astrophysics. Work closely with the supervisor on in- frared spectra of galaxies taken at Palomar Observatory. Intern will address data reduction problems and assist in the interpretation of the data. May 30, 1995 through Au- Sust 4, 1995.

Penelope Ramirez, Bachelors Candidate, Purdue Univer- sity. Aeronautics. Assisting the curator with the production of a pamphlet on women in aviation on exhibit. This guide will be used by tourists, media, and interested parties on the subject. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Mounir Regragui, Bachelors Candidate, University of the Dis- trict of Columbia. Education/Exhibits. Developing, con- structing and evaluating interactive devices for the “How Things Fly” gallery, which will open in 1996. The majority of prototypes will be electro-mechanically operated. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Christopher Sands, Bachelors Candidate, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Preservation/Restoration. Re- storing and preserving aircraft engines. Working on con- trol systems, hydraulic systems, power plants, propellers, landing gears, instruments, and other aircraft or spacecraft parts, wooden and metal. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Lolita Street, Bachelors Candidate, George Washington Uni- versity. Education/Exhibits. Developing, constructing and evaluating interactive devices for the “How Things Fly” gallery, which will open in 1996. The majority of proto- types will be electro-mechanically operated. June 5, 1995 through August HW, 1995.

Erik Thogersen, Bachelors Degree, University of Wiscon- sin. Education. Student will work on designing, build- ing and testing electronic-mechanical devices for the “How Things Fly" gallery. January 30, 1995 through April 7, 1995.

Lisa Young, Bachelors Degree, University of Wales, Car- diff. Education. Conservation intern with conservation unit. Participating in daily activities including active and preventive conservation, environmental monitoring and condition assessments. July 11, 1995 through September 2, 1995.

National Museum of African Art

Penelope J. Agodoa, Masters Candidate, University of Mary- land. Curatorial. Verification and location of published im- ages of Olouse of Ise towards the production of a catalogue. Project includes research of other artists working in the Ekiti area during the same period. June 1, 1995 through Au- gust II, 1995.

Susanna Aulbach, Bachelors Degree, University of Texas. Cu- ratorial. Working on survey of the permanent collection in preparation for cataloging. Assisting curator in identifying incorrect attributions in collection and up date curatorial records and assisting in ongoing projects. January 9, 1995 through March 33, 1995.

Andrea Bergmann, Bachelors Candidate, George Washington University. Curatorial. The intern will be engaged in li- brary research devoted to the first Portuguese navigators and traders who explored the coasts of West, Central, Southern, and Eastern Africa in the late 1400s and early 1500s. see form for rest. September 19, 1995 through No- vember 21, 1995.

John R. Glavan, Bachelors Degree, Michigan State Univer- sity. Library of the National Museum of African Art. The intern will serve as research assistant to the Working Group on Terminology to research and document the usage, meaning and variants of terms relevant to African Art indexing and cataloging. September 18, 1995 through November 24, 1995.

Holly Long, Bachelors Candidate, College of William and Mary. Conservation. Will be provided a pre-program experi- ence regarding the conservation of ethnographic art to in- clude environmental monitoring and control, preventative maintenance and conservation technique. June 19, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Helen Morgan, Bachelors Degree, Art Gallery and Mu- seum, Kelingrove. Registrar. Assist registrar with a physical inventory of the collections. This will include reconciling computer printouts of storage locations with exact locations of object in storage areas to include metal objects and textiles. March 4, 1995 through February 6, 1996.

Pilar Quezzaire-Belle, Masters Candidate, Harvard University. Photo Archives. Research for an upcoming exhibit on raffia, a plant used in Africa for many objects, both practical and artistic. June 5, 1995 through July u1, 1995-

Elizabeth Quinn, Bachelors Candidate, University of Wis- consin. Publications. Working with Public Affairs on updating the museum's media lists as well as being ex- posed to other public affairs department activities. Also assisting the Editor in the production of a wide range of museum materials. July 10, 1995 through September 22,

1995-

National Museum of American Art

Jane Carpenter, Masters Candidate, Howard University. Cura- torial Office. Update bibliography and exhibition history drafts for cornell catalogue raisonne in progress. Folk art and African American art related research tasks pertaining to permanent collection holdings in these areas NMAA Advanced Museum Training Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Angela Chang. Education. NMAA Advanced Museum Train- ing Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Ricardo Compean, Bachelors Candidate, Blackhawk College. Curatorial. Working with Curatorial office at the Museum of American Art. Translation and research on Latino Artists and Art work. July 5, 1995 through August 12, 1995.

R. Leo Costello, The American University. Intern Programs. NMAA Advanced Museum Training Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Erica Renee Davis, Bachelors Degree. Working in curatorial division with curators on their projects. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Alison Field, Bachelors degree. Intern Programs. NMAA Ad- vanced Museum Training Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Andrea Foster, Bachelors degree. Registrar's Office. NMAA Advanced Museum Training Program. Registrar/Curato- rial. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Timothy Gately, Bachelors Candidate, University of Mary- land. Assistance on all levels for upcoming museum publi- cations. June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Kelly Gayden, Masters Candidate, The American University. Intern Programs. NMAA Advanced Museum Training Pro- gram. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Shannon Holden, Bachelors Candidate, University of Texas at Austin. Work on curatorial publication and research on up- coming HL. Sayen exhibit. June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Janice A. Homesky, Bachelors Degree, LCO Tribe. Curatorial. Curatorial research and exhibition design as a participant in the Museum Intern Partnership Program. October 3, 1994 through April Is, 1995.

Lori Johnson, Masters Candidate, The American University. Intern Programs. NMAA Advanced Museum Training Pro- gram. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Amy K. Jones. Assistance in various aspects of the NMAA registrar's office. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Danielle Kensey, Masters Candidate, The American University. Intern Programs. NMAA Advanced Museum Training Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Timothy Laun, Bachelors Candidate, University of Wiscon- sin Stevens Point. Intern Programs. Re-installation of second floor of NMAA. June 5, 1995 through July 28,

1995-

Hoojung Lee, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Registrar's Office. NMAA Advanced Training Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Lisa M. Lynch, Bachelors Degree, University of Oregon. Manuscript processing, editing oral history tapes. June 5, 1995 through September 8, 1995.

Susan Nalezyty, The American University. Intern Programs. NMAA Advanced Museum Training Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Hilary Nordholm, High School Senior, Potomac School. Reg- istrar. General overview of registrar's office. May 10, 1995 through June 6, 1995.

Jessica Porter, Bachelors Candidate, University of Delaware. Research on Joseph Cornell collection. June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Sarah Puckett, Masters Candidate, San Jose State University. Assist in conducting summer teacher workshops, develop- ment of photo festival in conjunction with up-coming exhi- bition. June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Anne Samuel, Masters Degree. Curatorial Office. NMAA Ad- vanced Museum Training Program—Curatorial. September 8, 1995 through April 4, 1995.

Jennifer A. Sarzynski, Bachelors Candidate, Oakland Univer- sity. Curatorial. “Diaries and Memoirs": writing, research- ing and preparing for publication. May 8, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Emily Shapiro, Bachelors Degree. Intern Programs. NMAA Advanced Museum Training Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Jennifer Shell, Bachelors Candidate, Indiana University. Re- search on possible exhibition on Miriam Shapiro, abstract expressionist period. June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Elisabeth Sherratt, Bachelors Degree, University of California, Los Angeles. Research on upcoming monotype exhibition. June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Monica Sirimarco, Masters Degree. Intern Programs. NMAA Advanced Museum Training Program, Curatorial and Edu- cation. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Amy Sloan, Bachelors Candidate, Auburn University. Assis- tance on all levels for upcoming museum publications.

June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Rachel Smith. Curatorial Office. NMAA Advanced Training Program. September 8, 1995 through April 28, 1996.

Christina Tompkins, Masters Candidate, The American Uni- versity. Intern Programs. NMAA Advanced Training Pro- gram. September 8, 1995 through August 28, 1996.

Roxanna Ware, Bachelors Candidate, Salisbury State Univer- sity. Assist in work on all levels related to the NMAA per- manent database. June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Laurel A. Williams, Bachelors Degree, Wesleyan Univer- sity. Archives of American Art. Will be cataloging and summarizing diaries and journal entries of American art- ists and those related to them, producing and publishing a guide to these diaries. July 5, 1995 through August I, 1995.

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Erika Yowell, Bachelors Degree, College of William and Mary. Assistance on NMAA's directors circle and develop- ment of brochure. June 2, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

National Museum of American History

Jennifer Agresta, Bachelors Degree, Mount Holyoke College. Researching social science professors at Howard University in the 1930s. January 17, 1995 through May 26, 1995.

Elizabeth Ann Albert, Doctorate. American Culture. Work on collections management at the National Museum of Ameri- can History. October 3, 1994 through March 31, 1995.

Leah Angell, Bachelors Candidate, Yale University. Agricul- ture & Natural Resources. Research project and paper on botanical chemotheruputics and drug “pharming.” June 5, 1995 through August 30, 1995.

Eric Aron, Bachelors Candidate, Clark University. Intern- ships/Fellowships. Coordinating Brown Bag Lunch series and editing “intern opportunities.” Also working on Red Hor and Blues exhibit. June 5, 1995 through August 30, 1995.

Joan Axthelm, Bachelors Candidate. Internship and Fellow- ship, Assisting internship and fellowship coordinator by or- ganizing the Brown Bag Lunch series for spring interns and coordinating the recruitment and orientation of new in- terns. January 12, 1995 through June 2, 1995.

Ann Marie Baldonado, Bachelors Degree, Haverford College. Archives. Surveying the Ethnic Imagery Project. January 19, 1995 through July 31, 1995.

Rebecca J. Barnes, Bachelors Candidate, Taylor University. So- cial History. Researching domestic life in America, past and present. Learning about handling artifacts and putting together exhibits. September 18, 1995 through December 14, 1995.

Amy Frances Bartow, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Public Services. Work on the development and evaluation of a bilingual preschool guide for adult/child au- dience. January 17, 1995 through April 7, 1995.

Michelle Bayes, Bachelors Candidate, American University. Public Services. Research museum education programs of the last five years and create an annotated bibliography. Jan- uary 26, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Robert J. Benjamin, Bachelors Candidate, Stanford Univer- sity. Public Services. Assisting in model making, architec- tural drawing, project organization and general tasks in the design division. January 30, 1995 through August I5, 1995.

Kathleen Bergen, Bachelors Degree, Maryland Institute, Col- lege of Art. Program Planning and Design. Assisting the supervisor with the planning and designing of an exhibit ti- tled “on Time” to be on exhibit in the museum of Ameri- can History. August 28, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Daniel I. Berger, Bachelors Candidate, Bates College. Armed Forces. Preparing specimens for inventory and data entry. January 25, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Justin M. Bernthal, Bachelors Candidate, University of Puget Sound. Public Services. Bulletin board posters, rosters, an- nouncements, thank-you notes. Decide what is important for interns to learn about for the brown bag lunch series. June 1, 1995 through July 27, 1995.

Anne Berry, Masters Candidate, George Washington Univer- sity. Community Life. Working on 1939-40 New York World's Fair Collection. October 24, 1994 through January 31, 1995.

Damon T. Bethea, Bachelors Candidate, Allegheny College. Historical Resources. Ethnic imagery. Researching the view of ethnicity over the past 100 years in American advertise- ments, films and television. May 30, 1995 through August 2, 1995.

Fran Biehl, Bachelors Degree, University of Colorado. Ameri- can Indian Program. Changing landbase and land-use on the Kiowa allotted land area. February 22, 1995 through April 11, 1995.

Daniela Bleichmar, Bachelors Candidate, Harvard-Radcliffe University. Historical Resources. Researching Dr. George Washington Crile’s wax models of animal glands. June 19, 1995 through August 21, 1995.

Matthew Block, Bachelors Candidate, American University. Special Events/Public Affairs. Begin arrangements for pro- jected symposium auction fund-raising event. Assisting with routine planning and paperwork for ongoing events. Attending events in order to assist with set-up and opera- tions. Assist in the Office of Public Affairs. August 31, 1995 through December 7, 1995.

Samuel M. Bond, Masters Candidate, University of South Florida, Tampa. Public Programs. Planning and develop- ment of impending exhibit for Museum of American His- tory. June 5, 1995 through August 30, 1995.

Kristin Bornholdt, Bachelors Degree. Numismatic Collec- tion. General collections management with various pro- jects, including some work with viking age coin collection. March 1, 1995 through May 31, 1995.

Gary F. Bouthillette, Bachelors Candidate, Virginia Tech, Ar- chitectural History. Researching historic Washington buildings, architects, etc. February 14, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Debra J. Brennesholtz, Bachelors Candidate, Colorado State University. Exhibits. Working on projects related to graphic design, putting together foam models, drafting and working on the computer. January 27, 1995 through May I, 1995.

Julie Anne Buck, Bachelors Candidate, Brigham Young Uni- versity. Cultural History. Compile, organize, and list divi- sional film stills. September 6, 1995 through December 13, 1995.

Jodi L. Bunnell, Masters Candidate. Archives. Archival pro-

cessing, subject guide preparation and outreach develop-

ment of multimedia production. June 5, 1995 through Au- gust II, 1995.

Tracy Bush, Bachelors Candidate, Union College. Community Life. March 27, 1995 through June 2, 1995.

Sarah M. Cady, Bachelors Candidate, Trinity College. Medical Sciences. Research materials for spectacle collection and sev- eral book projects. September 12, 1994 through May 31, 1995.

Ryan Carey, Bachelors Candidate, Dartmouth College. Politi- cal History. Researching for the Land of Promise exhibition with a focus on westward expansion. June 19, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Rhonda J. Carlson, Mc. Vernon. Social History. To assist in photographing designer clothing in costume’s collections and sort through and photocopy primary source articles for designer/manufacturer reference files. August 21, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Kristi Catanach, Bachelors Candidate, Santa Fe Community College. Historical Resources. Cataloguing the Hispanic collection. May 30, 1995 through June 27, 1995.

Keith Champney, Bachelors Candidate, Boston University. Fellowship Office. Dissertation research assistant for “To Make a Nation: Politics and Patriotism, 1865-1918. January 24, 1995 through April 21, 1995.

Kim Charlton, Bachelors Degree, Cornell University. Cultural History. Researching/setting up exhibit on sports in Amer- ica. April 5, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Christine Chen, High School Student, The Madeira School. Social and Cultural History. Assisting on the project Poetic License. February 22, 1995 through June 1, 1995.

Kerry Christiano, Masters Candidate, The George Washing- ton University. Cultural History. Research and any other work assigned on the 1998 exhibition “Rock and Soul: So- cial Crossroads. May 22, 1995 through October 31, 1995.

Estella M. Chung, Bachelors Degree, University of Michigan. Cultural History-Community Life Collection. Assistance with research for exhibit and brochure on Lander Design Collections of Packaging and Corporate Imagery. Septem- ber 5, 1995 through May 1, 1995.

Heather Collins, Bachelors Candidate, Colgate University. Cultural History. Working on history of jazz project, help- ing put together CD Rom thar will teach people how to lis- ten to jazz, according to geography and historical period. June 19, 1995 through August 19, 1995.

Dennis Comerford, Bachelors Candidate, George Mason Uni- versity. Public Service. The creation and production of the 1995-96 “Intern Opportunities” booklet. May 30, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Julie Conaway, Bachelors Candidate, Portland State Univer- sity. Commerce, Transportation and Work. Research paper on the development of the railroad. July 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Frances K. Cox, Bachelors Candidate, Duke University. Ar- chives. Research of antebellum literature. May 22, 1995

through August 12, 1995. Cathleen Cronin, Bachelors De-

123

gree, Occidental College. Social History. Project on depic- tions of women’s bodies in the 18th century by looking at portraits and interpreting. May 16, 1995 through July 31, 1995.

Carrie M. Crowder, Bachelors Candidate, Mary Washington College. Armed Forces. Research and document the Division's photographic collections and develop a database. January 18, 1995 through April 15, 1995.

Nadia E. Curry, High School Student, Duke Ellington School of the Arts. Program in African American Culture. Greens- boro Project, answering phone, filing, copying and other project related duties. February 6, 1995 through June 15, 1995.

Kim Curry-Gardner, Masters Candidate, The George Wash- ington University. Social and Cultural History. Assisting with move of ethnic collection and assisting with accession- ing incoming collection of suffragette artifacts. October 3, 1994 through March 31, 1995.

Mark P. Dantos, Bachelors Degree, Colby College. Cultural History. Research assistant on “Rock and Soul” exhibition. May 15, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Elisa Borchert Davies, Bachelors Candidate, Coe College. Of- fice of Interns and Fellows. Intern as Research Assistant to Meg Jacobs who is researching on mass consumption in the U.S. between the 1920s and the 1950s. September 18, 1995 through December 8, 1995.

Monica Ann Degn, Bachelors Candidate, Brigham Young University. Office of Interns and Fellows. Assist intern coor- dinator with programming and placement of interns at American History. July 17, 1995 through December 15, 1995.

Marjolein de Laat, Bachelors Degree, Hageschad. Medical Sci- ences. Research on 18th Century optical equipment. Janu- ary 9, 1995 through May Is, 1995.

Margaret Dennis, Bachelors Degree, University of Colorado- Boulder. Community Life. Assist with accessioning, cata- loging, research and related collections management activities in the museum's Edward J. Orth World Fair Col- lections. October 3, 1994 through August 31, 1995.

Elizabeth Dubrovsky, Masters Candidate, University of Rhode Island. Preservation Services. Work with storage and exhibi- tion projects. May 22, 1995 through June 23, 1995.

Gina Dyson, Bachelors Candidate, Georgetown University. Ar- chives Center. Working on the Ethnic Imagery Project being developed in the Archives Center, specifically, Hispa- nic, Latino business materials. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Sarah Ellison, Bachelors Candidate, University of Virginia. Af- rican American Culture. Supporting existing programs and concept paper on francophoone African American Commu- nities in the New World. June 5, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Rodney Evans, High School Student, Duke Ellington School of the Arts. Program in African American Culture. Work-

ing on Greensboro exhibit, answering telephones and work-

124

ing on other programs. February 6, 1995 through June I5, 1995.

Amy Featherston, Bachelors Candidate, Baylor University. Exhib- its. Administrative assistant for America’s Smithsonian project team for the traveling exhibit celebrating the Smithsonian's 15oth anniversary. May 25, 1995 through July 26, 1995.

Caleb O. Fey, Bachelors Candidate, Corcoran School of Art, Archives Center. Sorting and cataloging of the Skurlock stu- dio photograph collection. September 18, 1995 through De- cember 31, 1995.

Laura K. Fleming, Doctoral Degree. Writing and editing. Writing and editing scripts for the “Land of Promise,” ex- hibit atc American History under the supervision of Diana Cohen. April 25, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Katherine Freed, Masters Candidate, George Washington Uni- versity. Education. Diversifying docent staff. January 17, 1995 through May 1, 1995.

Yuko Fukunaga, Masters Degree. Division of History and Technology. To work with curatorial development team on new exhibition, “On Time” with special attention focused on Japanese-American interactions. August I, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Tammy M. Furrow, Masters Degree, Villanova University. Commerce, Technology & Work. Assist in compiling an in- ventory of firearms and working with ordinance photo files. February 6, 1995 through March 31, 1995.

Eleanor P. “Nonie” Gadsden, Bachelors Candidate, Yale Uni- versity. Historical Resources. Working on the symposium on the 75th anniversary of women’s suffrage. June 15, 1995 through August I5, 1995.

Jay Garcia, Bachelors Degree. Archives. Working on the “Eth- nic imagery Project. October 11, 1994 through December 16, 1994.

Jasmine Teal Getrauw, Junior High, St. Gabriel Junior High. Program in African American Culture. Office Assistant— filing, data entry, faxing and copying, answering phones, messenger (inside American History only) preparing mail- ings, organizing office message center and bulletin boards. July 5, 1995 through August 8, 1995.

Ashley Shannon Gross, Bachelors Candidate, Knox College. Internships and Fellowships. Assistant intern and coordina- tor, editing, design and production of 1995-96 “Intern Op- portunities” with two other interns. June 12, 1995 through August 24, 1995.

Rachel Hallett, Bachelors Candidate, Bennington College. In- ternship and Fellowship. Working with a fellow on the his- tory of Politics and patriotism. January 17, 1995 through February 24, 1995.

Rhonda Hamilton, High School Student, Duke Ellington School of the Arts. Program in African American Culture. Working on Greensboro Project, answering phones, and conducting re- search. February 6, 1995 through June 15, 1995.

Keith Haran, Bachelors Candidate, Providence College. 1soth Exhibition. Curatorial researcher, retrieving information for exhibitions. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Judic Hargitay, Bachelors Candidate, ELTE University-Buda- pest. Public and Private Life. Research on the media in America. February 13, 1995 through May Is, 1995.

Chris Harrington, Bachelors Candidate, University of Califor- nia, Los Angeles. Community Life/Cultural History. Assist- ing with project dealing with Cuban involvement in Spanish-American war. April 3, 1995 through June 7, 1995.

David G. Harstad, Masters Candidate, Indiana University. Director's Office. Help to facilitate che museum's strategic planning. September 18, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Michael A. Haubert, Bachelors candidate, UC Santa Barbara. Office of Interns and Fellows. To assist Angela Lakwete with dissertation research by conducting searches at the U.S. Patent and Trademark office, do research and any pho- tocopy required, evaluate and compile data of case files at the Library of Congress law library, patent case files at the National Archives, city directories at American History and tracking down 19th century cotton gin manufacturers. September 19, 1995 through December I, 1995.

Karen Heil. Publications. Working as a publication specialist and graphic designer. January 25, 1995 through December 31, 1995-

Jen Michelle Hickes, Bachelors Degree, Washington & Lee University. Office of Historical Resources. History of Sports and exercise. September 5, 1995 through December 31, 1995-

Kelly Hogan-Dames, Bachelors Degree, Purdue University. Conservation. Conservation and preservation of costumes. January 9, 1995 through March 9, 1995.

Renee Susan Jackson, Masters Candidate, Virginia Tech. Pres- ervation Services. Restoration and conservation of textiles, specifically costumes. May 22, 1995 through July 23, 1995.

George Jacob, Masters Degree, University of Toronto, Science and Technology. Visitor studies and exhibit development re- search; production process and an overview of related activi- ties at the Smithsonian. May 1, 1995 through July 20, 1995.

Joshua Jacobstein, Bachelors Candidate, Washington Univer- sity. Assisting Oz Frankel researching westward expansion in the 1840s and the explorers’ encounter with the Native Americans. May 30, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Peniel Joseph, Bachelors Degree. Program in African Ameri- can Culture. Design a conference for summer deadline with issues related to the so-called “underclass.” Conference will deal with the ways in which issues such as race, class, and gender affect the poor. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Becah Jubon, Masters Candidate, George Washington Uni- versity. Public Service. To have exposure to the role of design in the context of conceptualization, development and detailed design of actual exhibitions with real-life criteria for decision making. June 13, 1995 through Sep- tember 22, 1995.

Paula M. Kaczor. Bachelors Candidate. Boston College. Com- munity Life Researching political imagery and language in advertising. January 26, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Carolyn Karabaic, Bachelors Candidate. Intern and fellow of- fice. Intern offices assisting with orientations and program- ming. May 31, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Carol Elaine Keesling, Masters Candidate, Cambridge Univer- sity. American Indian Program. Assisting with projects. October 1, 1994 through April 11, 1995.

Teri Beth Kestenbaum, Masters Degree, Cornell University. Science, Medicine and Society. Project assistant for Medi- cines: The Inside Story. January 17, 1995 through Novem- ber 24, 1995.

Nadia Khatchadourian, Bachelors Candidate, McGill Univer- sity. Musical History. Assist with “Voices of First Nation Women’; radio broadcast special “Guitar: Art and Soul"; routine office work. May I5, 1995 through August Is, 1995.

Michael Knighten, Bachelors Candidate, Louisiana State Uni- versity. Graphic Arc. Digitalize art, sort warehouse mate- rial. May 21, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Julie Morgan Kraus, Bachelors Candidate, Mary Washington College. Community Life. Photo research for the “Wade in the Water” exhibition including looking at photos of 19th and 2oth century sacred music personalities and assisting with and ordering photos and getting permission for usage of artifacts. January 18, 1995 through April I5, 1995.

Audrey E. Krause, Bachelors Candidate, Portland State Uni- versity. Archives Center. Conducting research on organiza- tions that created about 450 German and Austrian posters during World War I and writing brief histories of these or- ganizations. January 6, 1995 through March 15, 1995.

Gordon Lanpher, Bachelors Candidate, Brown University. In- ternships and Fellowships. Researching Legislation of Patri- otism. October 4, 1994 through December 31, 1994.

Alison E. Larmee, Bachelors Candidate, The American Uni- versity. Internship and Fellowship. Will assist with re- search towards dissertation. Tasks include visual research and traditional documentary research. January 23, 1995 through April 20, 1995.

Siri Larsen, Bachelors Candidate, Portland State University. History Services. To research Selman Waksman’s discovery of streptomycin in the commercial development and appli- cation of the antibiotic. March 29, 1995 through June 2, 1995-

Jim L. Lasser, Bachelors Candidate, University of Michigan. Military History. Working with the Jackson collection of European history uniforms/World War II American history uniforms exhibit. June 1, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Rachel Ledford, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Divi- sion of Public and Private Life. Life in America in the 19th century, a land of contested promises. The exhibit is di- vided into five major sections - industrialization, African Americans, immigration, Native American removal or westward expansion. September 5, 1995 through December 25, 1995-

Alfonzo Leon, Bachelors Candidate, University of Virginia. Planning. Help with the project “On Time”. Consists of constructing models, drafting plans and making measure-

12

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ments of room spaces. May 22, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Julia Leonhard, Masters Candidate, Smith College. Political History. Research assistant for the 19th century “Land of Promise” exhibition, research about culturally diverse peo- ple in the U.S. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Meredith Levine, Bachelors Candidate, Indiana University. Ex- ternal Affairs. Research on individual and corporate level for funding for special events and development. June 27, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Stephen Liss, Bachelors Candidate, Vassar College. Public Ser- vices. The history of Afro-Caribbean music and the history of black colleges and universities in America. June 5, 1995 through August 12, 1995.

Donald (Larry) Loew, Bachelors Degree, University of Louis- ville. Director's Office. Research donation records. March 13, 1995 through June 2, 1995.

Ana-Maria Lopez, Bachelors Degree, College of William and Mary. Community Life. Inventory of Jesuit Missions in New Mexico 1767 list of objects of material culture includ- ing Spanish and English. November 10, 1994 through May 31, 1995.

Timothy Lupin, Masters Candidate, George Washington Uni- versity. Transportation. Archival and collections catalogue and research. June 6, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Sabine Manke, Bachelors Degree, Philipps University. Histori- cal Resources. Research on the development of the cosmetic industry during World War II with focus on lipstick. May 30, 1995 through August 17, 1995.

Mikel Maron, Bachelors Candidate, University of California, Santa Cruz. Computers, Information and Society. HTML- ifying the CIS collection. June 26, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Ariane McCarthy, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Administrative assistant with related strategic program and planning in director's office. May 30, 1995 through August 24, 1995.

Kathryn McElveen, Bachelors Candidate, College of William and Mary. History Resources. Researching photos of banjos for a computer database. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Kathleen McLaughlin, Bachelors Degree, University of Dela- ware. Internship and Fellowship. Assisting intern coordina- tor by serving as orientation leader for perspective interns and those who are starting their internships. December 12, 1994 through May 31, 1995.

Beverley J. McQuillan, Bachelors Degree, Washington Center UC Davis. Public Services. Will assist the exhibit designer in scaled drawings/models of research on architectural his- tory of the museum as need arises. March 29, 1995 through

June 8, 1995.

Jay D. Metz, Bachelors Degree, Bennington College. History of Science. Research to identify equipment used by research- ers in the field sciences (for example entomology, mammo-

logy, icthyology, ornithology) during the period 1830-1930;

126

to be carried out using archival resources. January 3, 1995 through February 27, 1995.

Aaron Micallef, Masters Candidate, George Mason University. Archives. Looking through collections for items pertinent to exhibit, entering onto database. March 6, 1995 through May 31, 1995.

Jason Mittell, Masters Candidate, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Archives. Archiving film stock for industry on pa- rade. June I, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Peter Moen, Bachelors Candidate, Portland State College. American Festival. Acting as liaison for book project, find- ing artifacts to doa photo shoot for book project. January 6, 1995 through March 18, 1995.

Matthew L. Moffett, Bachelors Candidate, James Madison University. Communication, Technology and Work. Re- search on American architecture. May 8, 1995 through Au- gust 15, 1995.

Helen Morgan, Bachelors Degree. Collection Management Ser- vices. Experience in Smithsonian Institution’s Collection Management Practices. July 10, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Darenda Motley, Bachelors Candidate, University of Missis- sippi. Social History. Women in WWII clothing, research- ing in Library of Congress. May 16, 1995 through July 21, 1995.

Mary Lynn Murphy, Masters Candidate, Hamilton College. Historical Resources. Review of exhibits in National Mu- seum of American History and isolating where religion ap- pears in the museum. Creating a list to be used by the public and museum personnel as a map of where religion can be found in the museum. June 5, 1995 through August 11, 1995.

Paige Myers, Graduate Student, University of Alberta. Preser- vation Services. Conservation Techniques. July 10, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Melissa C. Naulin, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Com- merce Technology and Work. research project related to the development of a new exhibition, “on time,” in the time- keeping hall of American History. September 5, 1995 through December 25, 1995.

James Nelson, Bachelors Candidate, Portland State Univer- sity. goth Anniversary. Visual research 1soth anniversary ex- hibit. June 28, 1995 through August 21, 1995.

Raney M. Nelson, Bachelors candidate, Portland State Univer- sity. Information, Technology and Society. Self-image of the american physicist with advent of post-modernity. Septem- ber 5, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Christopher C. Newbern, Bachelors Candidate, West Virginia University. Design group. Help with design work on the Land of Promise exhibit. May 22, 1995 through July 30, 1995.

Susan O'Donnell, Bachelors Degree, Smith College. Archives Center. Princeton Posters Research. September 5, 1995 through December 25, 1995.

Norma O'Mara, Bachelors Degree, Louisiana State University.

Internships/Fellowships. Assist internship coordinator, ori-

entation of incoming interns. May 12, 1995 through June 1, 1995.

Sumiko Oshima, Bachelors Candidate, University of Califor- nia, Davis. Textile/Costume Conservation. Collection Man- agement of Textiles, Storage and Exhibition with emphasis on flags and flat textiles. September 19, 1995 through De- cember I, 1995.

Alison L. Oswald, Masters Candidate, State University of New York at Albany. Archives Center. Archival Processing. June 5, 1995 through August I5, 1995.

Joanne Ottaviano, Bachelors Candidate, Bowdoin College. Ed- ucation. Research in the Library of Congress in housing in 1920s and 1930s. June 11, 1995 through August 20, 1995.

Martha E. Overby, Bachelors Degree. History Services. Working with the “Go Forth and Serve” project on the conference, mu- seum, newsletter, and assisting in other programming activi- ues. February 1, 1995 through March 1, 1995.

Nicholas Owers, Bachelors Candidate, Oxford University. To provide office assistance in the promotion of the museum programs and activities and providing routine office sup- port. January 17, 1995 through May 6, 1995.

Jennifer Ozichowski, Bachelors Candidate, Catholic Univer- sity. Division of Science and Technology. Research for his- tory of timekeeping exhibit. May 22, 1995 through August 15, 1995.

Mark H. Palmer, Masters Candidate. American Indian Pro- gram. Evolution of land use on the Kiowa Allotted land area in Southwestern Oklahoma. February 6, 1995 through April 11, 1995.

Ryan Papir, Bachelors Candidate, University of Pennsylvania. Cultural History. Working on exhibit “Sport in American Life.” May 30, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Amy Pass, Bachelors Degree, SUNY Geneseo. Information and Society. Assisting with routine museum activities, setup of new exhibition and museum demonstrations. Feb- Tuary 3, 1995 through May I, 1995.

Sarah A. Patterson, Bachelors Candidate, Wellesley College. Historical Resources. Studying the architectural history of Washington, DC. May 30, 1995 through September 4, 1995.

Marissa Payton, Masters Candidate, Howard University. Pro- gram in African American Culture. Researching African American Women’s history. November I5, 1994 through

May 31, 1995.

Anna Pegler-Gordon, Masters Degree, Brown University. De- partment of History and Technology. To work with curato- rial development team on new exhibition, “On Time”, with special attention focused on immigrant experiences with american time systems and disciplines. June 5, 1995 through September 1, 1995.

Larissa Nicole Perkins, Bachelors Degree, Georgetown Col- lege. Community Life. Research and collections work for history of rock and soul music project. February 6, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Jennifer Ponza, Masters Candidate, Academy of Art. Ameri-

can Music. Compiling interviews for a project encompass-

ing women in jazz music, gathering photographs, histori- cal data and oral interviews with artists’ friends and family members. January 9, 1995 through March 17, 1995.

Alison M. Poulsen, Bachelors Degree, George Washington University. Costume Division. Taking out of storage the de- signer costume collection and photographing it, replacing it in storage, working with collection and conservation de- partment. May 8, 1995 through July 31, 1995.

Susan Priscott, Bachelors Candidate, American University. Ed- ucation. Earth Day project coordination and work on the explainer for the Hands-on Science Center. February 2, 1995 through April 29, 1995.

Brendan Ravenhill, High School, Woodrow Wilson. Armed Forces History. To learn to handle historic Civil War Vir- ginia artifacts in preparation for their photography. June 26, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Jodi Reborchick, Bachelors Candidate, George Washington University. Musical History. Researching and helping with Folklife Festival. February 3, 1995 through May 1, 1995.

Alice Byrd Reed, Masters Candidate, George Mason Univer- sity. Domestic Life. Research on an upcoming exhibit about homes in America. January 17, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Priscilla A. Reinhardt, Masters Candidate, University of Rhode Island. Costume Conservation. Working ona rehousing project for the collection of ethnic costumes, as- sisting with dismantling and assembling forms and cos- tumes for exhibit, possibly will be involved with some aspect of First Ladies inaugural ball gowns. May 22, 1995 through June 22, 1995.

Elena Lucia Rivellino, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Archives Center. Doing Research on American History Ar- chives collections for an Ethnic Imagery project about rep- resentations of people in commercial advertising. September 4, 1995 through December 20, 1995.

Sara Romeyn, Doctorate Candidate, George Washington Uni- versity. Domestic Life. Researching for history of childhood exhibits title “Kidstuff.” January 17, 1995 through May 1, 1995.

Kathryn R. Rosenberger, Bachelors Degree, George Washing - ton University. Social History. 75th anniversary of Women’s Suffrage “Visions of Equality: Past and Future” sympo- sium. May 15, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Zachary Schoening, Bachelors Candidate, Brown University. Electricity. Cataloging “Dial-a-joke” tapes. June 26, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Katie Scott-Childress, Masters Candidate, University of Mary- land. Archives. Archival processing, subject guide prepara- tion, outreach activities, development of multimedia products and oral and video documentation projects. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Jessica Silver, Masters Degree, University of Michigan. Ar- chives Center. The intern will work with manuscript collec- tions that document innovation and invention in the

United States. The intern will participate in and be respon-

127

sible for a wide range of archival tasks relating to the col- lection to which she has been assigned. The intern will be expected to undertake research relating co the collec- tion and produce well written reports and documents as directed. July 10, 1995 through September 19, 1995.

Peter Simon, Bachelors Degree, Jate University-Szeged. Ar- chives Center. Research on ethnic imagery in films. Febru- ary 13, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

Pamela K. Snyder, Bachelors Degree, Union College. African- American History. Research assistant in African American History. May 8, 1995 through July 15, 1995.

Puttra Som, Bachelors Candidate, Arizona State University. Automation Services. To develop, conduct and analyze a training survey of all American History staff. To develop a database of employee training information that can be assessed in a variety of ways. Prepare written analysis of the survey information. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Abbie N. Sprague, Bachelors Candidate, Bucknell University. Historical Resources. Assisting Dr. Marefat with research for a book on architecture she is writing. May 24, 1995 through August I5, 1995.

Susan Stark, Bachelors Candidate, Wake Forest University. Of- fice of Interns and Fellows. Research Assistant to Laura Ed- wards in the area of 19th century American society. June 7, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Siani N. Steen, Bachelors Candidate, Lewis and Clark College. Fellows Office. Filing photos, researching medical and den- tal history in the U.S., short write ups. September 25, 1995 through December 14, 1995.

Jonathan B. Streff, Bachelors Candidate, Gettysburg College. Cultural History. Research connected to future exhibit on New Orleans jazz. May 15, 1995 through August 13, 1995.

Julia Surak, Art Institute of Chicago. Exhibic Design. Assist with the “Land of Promise” exhibit. October 3, 1994 through December 31, 1994.

Joanne R. Tashiro, Bachelors Degree, University of California, San Diego. Archives. Ethnic Imagery Project development in Archives center. Involved in production of fund raising packet for project. Ethnic Imagery Working Group and in- volved in exhibit and development planning. May 26, 1995 through September Jo, 1995.

Dan Trachtman, Bachelors Candidate, Washington Univer- sity. Information and Technology. Designed World Wide Web page for photo history and numismatics. June 28, 1995 through August 20, 1995.

Katherine E. Turner, Bachelors Candidate, Colgate University. Armed Forces. Working with the National Collections of antique weapons, inventorying them into a database and helping with cleaning them. June 5, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Myra L. Valdez, Bachelors Candidate, American University. Numismatics. Performing various tasks in the department of numismatics based on persons in charge of the specific projects. February 9, 1995 through May 31, 1995.

128

Sandor Vegh, Bachelors Candidate, L. Kossuth University. Culcural History. Research on consumerism in 20th- century America. February 13, 1995 through May Is, 1995.

Reid Veto, Bachelors Candidate, Dartmouth College. Office of Interns and Fellows. Photos for Intern Opportunities Publication. July 3, 1995 through September 1, 1995.

Ashley W. Vietor, Bachelors Degree, St. Johns College. Public Programs. Research for Oz Frankel's project “The Politics, Culture and Rituals of Public Investigations in 19th Cen- tury America.” Focusing research on abolitionist literature and the Civil War US Sanitary Commission. May 1, 1995 through August Io, 1995.

Elizabeth Voyatzis, Bachelors Degree, University of Virginia. Cultural History. Working with musical history collec- tions, doing various collections management duties. Janu- ary 3, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Sharon R. Vriend, Doctoral Candidate, Bowling Green State University. Cultural History/Archives Center. Ethnic imag- ery project. June I, 1995 through June 29, 1995.

Allison Wickens, Bachelors Degree, Grinnell College. Interns and Fellows. Assisting in the selection of summer interns, the Brown Bag lunches and conducting orientation for new interns. February 27, 1995 through June 30, 1995.

Anita Wiehr, Bachelors Degree & Candidate, Oregon State University. Program Planning & Design. Internship affords an opportunity to learn the exhibition design development process through hands-on experience working closely with the design chief on a variety of exhibits projects. September 21, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Adam Wolfson, Bachelors Candidate. Historical Resources. Working on merger between ACTWU and ILGWU as well as working on other labor history projects. April 10, 1995 through June 3, 1995.

Martha Wright, Masters Degree, University of Wisconsin- Madison. Public Services. Contact school systems to notify them of the facc chat NMAH now has bilingual self guides; develop brochure for those who are interested in African- American history and the AA materials in the Hands on History room. June 14, 1995 through August 16, 1995.

Candace Wyder, High School Student, Duke Ellington School of the Arts. Program in African American Cul- ture. Working on Greensboro exhibit, answering tele- phones, typing and other jobs. February 16, 1995 through June 15, 1995.

Cedric Yeh, Masters Candidate, George Washington Univer- sity. Numismatic Collection. Working with the ancient Chinese coin collection to ascertain the accuracy of earlier research. June 5, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Junghyun Yuh, Masters Candidate, George Washington Uni- versity. Public Services. Assist in evaluating exhibitions and public programs. Participate in development of out- reach programs. Evaluate published literature about NMAH exhibits and programs. May 22, 1995 through July

24, 1995.

Larisa Zimmerman, Bachelors Candidate, Portland State Uni- versity. History Services. Images of Ethnicity, 1880-1980. March 29, 1995 through June 2, 1995.

National Museum of the American Indian

Sallie S. Anderson, Bachelors Candidate, College of William and Mary. Technology. Working on homepage on internet (world wide web and America On Line). Updating and add- ing information to NMAI homepage. May 22, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Erica Brick, Masters Candidate, University of Wisconsin. Re- patriation Office. Assisted in conducting research for the Repatriation Office. June 12, 1995 through August I8, 1995.

Jeffrey Davenport, Masters Candidate, University of Arizona. Administration. Intern will be introduced to all phases and departments within the NMAI's administrative depart- ment. Intern will rotate from budget, personnel, technol- ogy and facilities planning. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

James P. Henry. Collections. Will work with staff in preserva- tion rechniques, care and handling of collections. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Francesca Hillary, New York University. Film and Video. As- sist in all phases of planning and presenting the NMAI film and video film festival. Project includes organizing and working with selection committee, funding strategies, planning publicity, audience evaluation,etc. April 1, 1995 through September I, 1995.

Johnnie Jacobs, Masters Candidate, University of Oklahoma. Exhibitions. Focus on the exhibition master planning for the mall museum. Organize and catalogue a collection of slides that will supplement a database. Organize study sketches of exhibit designs compiled by the master plan team. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Lydia Jennings, Institute of American Indian Arts. Collec- tions. Will work with staff in preservation techniques, care and handling of collections. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Linda Martin, Bachelors Degree, Arizona State University. Publications. Assisting in the design of printed materials. January 17, 1995 through March 22, 1995.

Traci L. McClellan, Masters Candidate, University of Arizona. Public Programs. Cherokee hymn project-compiling and cataloguing Cherokee hymns to provide the Cherokee and English translations for all of them. This database can then be utilized by both of the Cherokee nations. May 30, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Emily Murphy, University of California/Santa Cruz. Film and Video. Assist in the marketing and publicity for an upcom- ing film festival sponsored by the NMAI’s film and video department. August 1, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Derek C. Schoettle, Bachelors Degree, Dickinson. Public Af- fairs. Assist public affairs office with the NMAI’s bi-annual film festival. June 12, 1995 through September 22, 1995.

Sabine Scholz, George August University. Research Branch. Will assist researchers in the repatriation department. In- tern will also develop a database of native cultural re- sources. July 10, 1995 through October 15, 1995.

Margaret Seymour, Bachelors Candidate, South Puget Sound Community College. Resource Center. The intern will as- sist in the design and development of exhibit guides for the museum visitor. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Tatiana Slock. Photo Archives. The intern will help to iden- ufy and catalog photographic material accessioned in the early and mid-eighties. The intern will generate an inven- cory of artifact slides and help develop a new catalog. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Luanne M. Prosperi Srefanucci, Masters Candidate. Exhibi- tions. Exploring the potential for an exhibition and publica- tion from the photographic archives. September 18, 1995 through December 15, 1995.

Shannon Valerio, Bachelors Degree. Evaluate public program- ming for the Native American constituency of the NMAI by analyzing research done with the Native American com- munity. June 5, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Stephanie Jenny Vasquez, Bachelors Candidate, George Mason University. Assisting in organizing a workshop on Indian Affairs. January 22, 1995 through May 2, 1995.

Jennifer Verling, Bachelors Candidate, University of Califor- nia, Davis. Exhibitions. Assist in the development of the NMAI exhibition masterplan. March 28, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

Heather Whiteman Runs Him, Bachelors Candidate, Insti- tute of American Indian Arts. Conservation. Will assist staff conservators in a survey of artifacts at the Audubon Terrace facility and perform conservation treatments on a group of selected artifacts. June 5, 1995 through July 28,

1995-

National Museum of Natural History

Michelle Aasrud, Bachelors Degree, University of Massachu- setts/Amherst. Handbook office. Research assistant for Lan- guage and Plateau volume; photographic research; general research on photography. May 22, 1995 through November 30, 1995.

Glenn R. Almany, Bachelors Candidate, San Francisco State University. Fishes. Morphology and relationships of a new atlantic species of acanthemblemaria. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Julie Arington, Bachelors Candidate, Murray State University. Botany. Revision of a small genus of the Guianas. May 29,

1995 through August 4, 1995.

129

Alfredo G. Auador, Bachelors Degree, University of Havana. Invertebrate Zoology. Study of the Paralarval Octopods of the Florida current. May 29, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Suzanne Bass, Bachelors Degree, The American University. Special Events. Assist the special events coordinator in all aspects of preparation, coordination, and execution of events at the museum. June 9, 1995.

Ryan W. Bavis, Bachelors Degree, St. Mary's College of Mary- land. Molecular Systematics. Identification of Branta bernicla subspecies using cytochrome bmitochondrial DNA. May 29, 1995 through July 7, 1995.

Roberto E. Bello, Bachelors Candidate, Michigan State Uni- versity. V2-HERPS. Two new species of leptodactylid frogs from the Guiana highlands of Venezuela. June 19, 1995 through July 7, 1995.

Brendan Best, Bachelors Candidate. Development and Public Affairs. Science writing and public affairs assistance. Janu- ary 31, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Aimee D. Betts, Bachelors Candidate, Albertson College of Idaho. Vertebrete Zoology. Examining the evolutionary ori- gins of the African tree squirrels. June 5, 1995 through Au- gust 25, 1995.

Shaunese Niccole Branch, High Schoo! Student, Manchester High. Public Programs. Object research for the African voices project. July 10, 1995 through July 7, 1995.

Karen Brockman, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Anthropology/Repatriation. Introduction to var- ious facets of the work conducted by the repatriation office of Natural History, with an emphasis on archival research. Documentation of archaeological and physical anthropol- ogy collections from the Southeastern United States. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Heather Broxson, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Exhibits. Assisting exhibits office with the Hall of African Cultures. January 17, 1995 through July 31, 1995.

Carlos Bustamante, Bachelors Candidate, Harvard University. Anthropology. The history and evolution of male/female differences in immune reactivity. May 29, 1995 through July 7, 1995.

Ivan Castro-Arellano, Bachelors Candidate. National Autono- mous University of Mexico. Mammals. Ecogeographic dis- tribution of selected families of African mammals. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Kristina Collmann, Bachelors Candidate, Wittenberg Univer- sity. Development. Working with donor database to man- age lists for stewardship project. November 28, 1994 through December 31, 1994.

Jennifer Marie Crane, Bachelors Degree. Native American Pro- gram. Research on various photographers of Native Ameri- cans for the language volume of the Handbook of North American Indians. October 3, 1994 through May I5, 1995.

Jessica Crowley, Bachelors Candidate, Sweet Briar College. Public Relations. Assisting with the daily activities of the office, including special events media projects, and office re-

ports; working on specialty project such as the upgrade of

130

the media resource guide. January 3, 1995 through January 27, 1995.

Flavia F. de Jesus, Bachelors Candidate, Bard College. Botany. Examine new species of plant genus Resia having bracts as well as closely related genera of similar habit, habitat and rarity. SEM study of pollen and cladytic analysis will be done as well. May 28, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Wida Faryar, Masters Candidate, George Mason University. Automated Data Processing. Geographic map and database entry and editing of ongoing GIS projects at the museum. May 30, 1995 through September 30, 1995.

Cameron Fraser, Bachelors Candidate, University of Iowa. American Indian. Verifying information on the Mohave people. May 30, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Teresa J. Friedrich, Bachelors Candidate, Hope College. Mam- mals. A study of the anatomy of flying squirrels to test the hypotheses that flying squirrels are monophyletic and de- rived from New World tree squirrels. May 28, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Kurt E. Galbreath, Bachelors Candidate, Illinois Wesleyan University. Invertebrate. Using amphipod crustaceans to interpret evolutionary history and biogeographic pattern in coral reefs. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Henry Goethals, Bachelors Degree, Tufts University. Public Affairs. Assist in public affairs and development. December 12, 1994 through June 30, 1995.

Philip M. Gottshall, Bachelors Candidate, Moravian College. Paleobiology. A morphometric-based study of a Permian gastropod clode to show general trends in evolutionary spe- ciation and their subsequent natural history. May 29, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Jennifer Raye Gough, Bachelors Candidate, Shepherd College. Graphics. Assisting in silkscreening, computer graphics, di- orama construction, painting, photo-mounting, hall main- tenance and refurbishing. January 30, 1995 through May 5, 1995.

Christopher Hale, Bachelors Degree, University of Miami. Division of Fishes. Assist the Division of Fishes staff with various duties. June I, 1995 through June 30, 1995.

Christopher R. Hardy. Botany. Comparative leaf anatomy of the two genera Pollia and Commelina. June 2, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Dianella Howarth, Bachelors Candidate, University of Penn- sylvania. Botany. Study the phylogeny of scaevola in Ha- wail. May 29, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Eugene Hunt, Bachelors Degree, Duke University. Paleobio- logy. Growth and variation in early paleozoic trilobites. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

John P. Janovec, Bachelors Degree, Kansas State University. Borany. Conducting a traditional taxonomic study of Sene- cio Durandii (Asterauae: Senecioneae); a species of Costa Rica which is believed to be anomalous among the present concept of Senecio s. str. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Maria A. Jaramillo, Bachelors Candidate, Universidad de los Andes. Botany. Phylogenetic relationships in the family Costaceae (Order Zingiberales). May 27, 1995 through Au- gust 6, 1995.

Nicholla C. Johnson, Bachelors Candidate, University of the West Indies. Botany. Monographic study of legumin osae genus asadia. May 28, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Tricia L. Kennedy. Public Affairs Office. To learn about the functions and activities of a public affairs office in a na- tional museum. May 31, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Tara S. Kirkpatrick, Bachelors Candidate, Mount Holyoke College. Mineral Sciences. To study lepidolite, a lithium- rich mica, in pegmatites to determine the criteria for distin- guishing between primary and secondary growth of these lenses. May 29, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Jeffrey K. Lake, Bachelors Candidate, Grinnell College. Bot- any. Phylogenetic analysis of generic relationships in the family Musaceae. It will focus primarily on morphological characters and secondarily on molecular data. The phylog- eny will be used to trace evolution of pollination system. May 29, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Katherine E. Langer, Bachelors Candidate, University of New Hampshire. Mineral Sciences. To determine significance of trace element chemistry in amazonite and microcline for classifying rare element granitic pegmatites. May 29, 1995 through August 8, 1995.

Claudia B. Mackey, Bachelors Candidate, University of Cen- tral Florida. American Indian Program. Catalog photo- graphs of Native American (Plains) and enter information onto a computer database. February 16, 1995 through April 14, 1995.

Barnaby N. Marsh, Bachelors Candidate, Cornell University. Fishes. Systematic revision of toungefishes. July 3, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Michael Mastrota, Bachelors Candidate, University of Virginia. Anthropology. Text and graphic database entry and editing for ongoing projects. January 13, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

Carolyn J. McClennan, Bachelors Candidate, University of Ar- izona-Tucson. Native American cataloguing. Cataloguing items of Mohave material culture found in the Harrington manuscripts. May 30, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Robert D., Miller II, PhD Candidate, University of Michigan. Anthropology. Research into the archaeological profile of Highland Palestine in the 12th-11th cencuries B.C. with em- phasis on settlement patterns. August 18, 1995 through Au- gust 30, 1995.

Fancine Millman, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Exhibits. Assisting in project management and educational outreach for the new Janet Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minerals. January 10, 1995 through May 14, 1995.

Denise Mitchell, Bachelors Candidate, University of Oregon. Native American Program. Researching ethnological and historical information on Native American groups of South-

west Oregon Coast. April 4, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

Peter Murch, Bachelors Candidate, State University of New York. Zoology. Analysis of the distinctive west of gresgrutus like characids from the western and central Am- azon basin. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Mary L. Murphy, Masters Candidate. Anthropology. Helping research for Egyptian exhibit and human origins exhibit. June 12, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Abdul-Karim Mustapha, Bachelors Candidate, University of Maryland. Anthropology. Looking at local archival collec- tion and documents by African Americans during the ante- bellum period. These will be used as a source material to engage the issue of African American literacy at this time. June 5, 1995 through August 1, 1995.

Peter Nichols, Bachelors Candidate, James Madison Univer- sity. Mineral Sciences. Preparation of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, a monthly update on active volcanoes. March 20, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Kara A. O'Connor, Bachelors Candidate, University of Ver- mont. Botany. To use a variety of microtechniques to com- pare leaf anatomy in the Commelinacene. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Makiko Okuma, Bachelor's Candidate, Wichita State Univer- sity. Anthropology, Asian Ethnology. Geographical terms annotations in Abbot project, specifically Central Asia June 11, 1995.

Catherine Ann Osuna, Bachelors Candidate, Sweet Briar Col- lege. Public Programs. Reworking Discovery Room Collec- tion box “What is a Fossil?” Including research, script writing and refurbishing the box. January 9, 1995 through January 31, 1995.

Karin L. Owens, Bachelors Candidate, Alabama A&M Univer- sity. Learn and actively participate in all financial aspects of the program including the distribution of funds across mul- uple fund numbers, budget spending, record keeping, fi- nancial management and budget reconciliation. June 5, 1995 through August I, 1995.

Bret A. Payseur, Bachelors Candidate, University of Colorado at Boulder. Conservation. DNA extraction from taphonomic bones, PCR amplification, and inspection of changes in the DNA over time. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Ana L. Porzecanski, Bachelors Candidate, University de la Re- publica. Paleobiology. Comparison of preservation of experi- mentally decayed and fossil leaves. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Lola H. Purvis, Masters Candidate, University of New Or- leans. Anthropology. Directed independent archival intern- ship—Acee Blue Eagle Collection. May 22, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

Edward A. Rehfeld, Bachelors Candidate, Stone Child Col- lege. Marine. Taxonomic re-appraisal of compsomediama medium chabanand 1951 (cynoglossidae: pleuronecti- formes), a poorly-known Indo-Pacific tonguefish. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Michelle B. Roche, Bachelors Candidate, College of William and Mary. Anthropology. Archaeobiology of the Habur

131

Basin: analysis of faunal remains from two Syrian sites. May 29, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Laura E. Rose, Bachelors Degree, UC Davis. Botany. Compar- ing the anatomy of leaves of Commelinacene using tech- niques including paraffin embedding, whole leaf clearings, epidermal peels and SEM photography. May 29, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Danielle Rudin, Bachelors Candidate, The American Univer- sity. Anthropology. Helping with the moving and storing of the Oceania and Asia collections. May 15,1995 through August 18, 1995.

Scott J. Rufolo, Bachelors Degree, Rutgers, The State Univer- sity. Anthropology. Zooarchaeological analysis of faunal ma- terial from 3 sites in NE Syria dating to the 3rd millenium BC with the intent of placing the assemblage into a theoret- ical model of the emergence of domestication in Mesopota- miuan region. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Aniko Sabo, Bachelors Candidate, Faculty of Mathematics and National Science. Invertebrate Zoology. Identify marine nematodes from Fort Pierce and determine during what sea- son of the year they are reproducing. May 27, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Lou Ann Saunders, Bachelors Candidate, George Mason Uni- versity. Anthropology. Working with ongoing projects in- volving geographic information systems. October 11, 1994 through April 11, 1995.

Jacqueline Schraad, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Anthropology Conservation. Pack and store ob- jects as a move technician and assist with the conservation of ethnological objects in the Anthropology Conservation Lab. February 21, 1995 through May Is, 1995.

Patrick Q. Sheridan, Bachelors Candidate, Corcoran School of Art. Graphic Arts/Production. Graphics Arts/production as- sistant working on screen printing and computer design. July 15, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Rebecca A. Siegel, Bachelors Candidate, Tulane University. Public Affairs. To learn about the functions and activities of a public affairs office in a national museum setting. June 13, 1995 through June 28, 1995.

Pilar M. Somma, Masters Candidate, George Washington Uni- versity. Repatriation. Researching collection for repatriation, assisting in any returns. June 5, 1995 through August IJ, 1995.

Tarra D. Speaks, Bachelors Candidate, The College of Woos- ter. Invertebrate Zoology. A reassessment of the status of Western Atlantic species of the gen-star genus Astropecten, using collections literature and photographic data. May 29, 1995 through August 6, 1995.

Renee Audrey Stein, Bachelors Degree, Smith College. An- thropology Conservation Labs. Assistance in Anthropology conservation laboratories. December 19, 1994 through Au- gust 15, 1995.

Patricia Sternheimer, Masters Degree. University of Virginia. To learn collections management procedures, cataloguing, data management and storage techniques. February 8, 1995 through May 31, 1995.

132

Terrell Stoessell, Bachelors Candidate, University of Virginia. Development of a standard for the nomenclature of ceta- cean skull osteology. May 18, 1995 through May 30, 1996.

Joseph F. Trottier, Masters Candidate, University of Montana. Native American. To work on the Cutlin artifact collection and microfiling files of his original letters and notes. May 30, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Arianne Vanrell Vellosillo, Masters Candidate, Paris I Pan- theon-Sorbonne. Anthropology. Ethnographic Conserva- tion. November 30, 1994 through February 28, 1995.

Karen Viskupic, Bachelors Candidate, Washington University in St. Louis. Mineral Science. Describe the mineralogy of hornblende bearing pegmatites. The major and trace ele- ment chemistry of the pegmatites will be investigated by the use of an electron microprobe and x-ray fluorescence. May 29, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Jessica Wade, Bachelors Candidate, Miami University-Ohio. Update research library, foundation research projects, donor database training and report development, stewardship pro- jects. June 6, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

George B. Wasson, Doctorate Degree, University of Oregon. Native American Program. Researching ethnological and historical information on Native American groups of South- west Oregon Coast. April 4, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

Mary Whittle, Bachelors Candidate, Amherst College. Bot- any/Fishes. Created algae page for world wide web server; placed info on fish drawing collection in computer database. June 12, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Diane Wong, Bachelors Degree. Entomology. Scientific illustration internship illustrating various lacewing struc- tures/morphologies with critiques and conferences with staff illustrator. October 3, 1994 through April 30, 1995.

Jason T. Younker, Doctoral Candidate, University of Oregon. Native American Program. American Indian Anthropologi- cal Collections: Southern Oregon Coast. April 3, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

Shirod Younker, Bachelors Candidate, University of Oregon. Native American Program. American Indian Anthropologi- cal Collections: Southern Oregon Coast. April 3, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

National Portrait Gallery

Elizabeth Ann Albert, Doctorate. Peale Papers. Work on Cata- logue Raisonne of the Paintings of Rembrandt Peale. Octo- ber 3, 1994 through March 31, 1995.

Holly Anderson, Masters Candidate, Buffalo State College. Conservation. Participant in Conservation Analytical Labo- ratory project for National Portrait Gallery conducting a survey of the Time collection. January 17, 1995 through March 31, 1995.

Whitney Anderson, Masters Candidate, University of Ari- zona, Catalog of American Portraits. Researching historical portraits of American Indians and compiling bibliographic records to be put into a computer database. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Lalaine Bangilan, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Education. Assistance with lunchtime lecture series, audience development and with preparation for Fall docent training. January 17, 1995 through July 7, 1995.

Lynne C. Colton, Bachelors Candidate, Brigham Young Uni- versity. Historian's office. Researching and assisting with various exhibits-especially Red, Hot and Blue and The Barrymores. May 15, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Amy Featherston, Bachelors Candidate, Baylor University. Ex- hibits. Working on development of “Red, Hot, and Blue” exhibit celebrating American musicals. May 31, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Shannon Rae Fincke, Bachelors Candidate, Susquehanna Uni- versity. Education Department. Develop program materials based on the Permanent Collection of the National Portrait Gallery for use in an inter-disciplinary Humanities pro- gram for high school students. September 11, 1995 through December 8, 1995.

Tuliza Fleming, Bachelors Degree. Curatorial. Research exist- ing curatorial information and initiate new research on the National Portrait Gallery's collection of forty-four painted portraits of distinguished African Americans donated by the Harmon Foundation. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Francis I. Fletcher, Bachelors Candidate, College of Wooster. Prints and Drawings. I will be cataloguing some three hun- dred drawings by Gardner Cox recently acquired by the Portrait Gallery. May 15, 1995 through August 23, 1995.

Jeana K. Foley, Masters Candidate, University of North Caro- lina Chapel Hill. Photographs. Researching Matthew Brady for future exhibition. October 17, 1994 through April 15, 1995.

Eleanore P. Gadsden, Bachelors Candidate, Yale University, Catalog of American Portraits. Biographical research on subjects and artists of portraits at the Koshare Indian Mu- seum, La Junta, Colorado, and research and data entry for portraits at che Montana Historical Society and other west- ern collections. June 13, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Nancy Lynn Hall, Bachelors Candidate, George Washington University. Peale Family Papers. Biographical research on the sitters of Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860, American Por- traitist, for a catalog reisonne of his works being prepared at the Peale family papers. September, 7 1995 through April 30, 1996.

Julie Carol Hart, Graduate, George Washington University. Painting and Sculpture. The intern will primarily be in- volved with research on pending acqusitions and answering public inquiries, although other curatorial duties involved with the permanent collection will be assigned as they arise. September 7, 1995 through December 15, 1995.

Alexis K. Hill, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Peale Family Papers. Researching and catalouging the Papers of Titian Ramsay Peale. September 5, 1995 through December 15, 1995.

Leslie Ivie, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. painting and sculpture. Research on the forty-five portraits of distin- guished African Americans given by the Harmon Founda- tion in 1967. September 5, 1995 through December 25, 1995.

Susanne Javdani, Bachelors Candidate, University of Califor- nia Santa Barbara. Catalog of American Portraits. Collating portrait images and documentation, integrating portrait material into archival files, researching portrait collections, individual art works, sitter and artist biographies. January 9, 1995 through March 22, 1995.

Shi Jung, Bachelors Degree, American University. Registrar. Will help update files on the museum collections. June 12, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Sharon Lanza, Bachelors Candidate, Northwestern University. Researching for Barrymore exhibit for National Portrait Gallery. June 21, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Flai Livingston, Bachelors Candidate, Howard University. Education. Serving as principal assistant to the Public Pro- gram Manager in the film program by researching, locat- ing and ordering films for the film series. February 31, 1995 through April 27, 1995.

Stefne A. Lynch, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Educa- tion Department. Design highlights of the gallery tours for the National Portrait Gallery. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

John Carpenter McKee, Masters Candidate, Winterthur Mu- seum. Curatorial. Curatorial research in painting and sculp- ture. December 27, 1994 through April 30, 1995.

Sandy Meyer, Bachelors Degree. Education Department. Responsible for the National Portrait Gallery's film series, and other duties as assigned. September 9, 1995 through November 30, 1995.

Laurie O'Donnell, Bachelors Candidate, Brown University. History Department. To assist in researching the portraits of Henry Clay, in addition to researching a small exhibit on George C. Marshall. This research will involve newspaper and periodical searches in the Library of Congress. July 3, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Amy L. Richardson, Bachelors Candidate, Mount Holyoke College. Computer Services. Research and compiling infor- mation for “see more about” pamphlets. September 5, 1995 through December 25, 1995.

Cary Riker, High School Senior, St. Timothys School. Catalouge of American Portraits. Organizing and labeling portrait material; researching sitter and artist biographies; editing catalog information; incorporating portrait mate-

rial into CAP files; entering portrait data and images into CAP computer database. May 18, 1995 through June 6, 1995.

Anne F. Sawicki, Masters Candidate, University of California, Davis. Education. To begin the preparation of the National

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Portrait Gallery's permanent collection illustrated checklist in book form, also removing and sorting half-tone illustra- tion films. June 4, 1995 through August I2, 1995.

Katherine D. Sevier, Bachelors Candidate, Wellesley College, Prints and Drawings. Acting as research assistant to Wendy Reaves, curator of Prints and Drawings. Cataloging incom- ing prints and drawings; miscellaneous research for depart- ment. May 30, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Ilana Shafran, Bachelors Candidate, Barnard College. Edu- cation. Organization, research and computer entry of por- trait records from New Mexico state survey. Also research work with National Portrait Gallery curatorial files and public reference requests. June 12, 1995 through August 21, 1995.

Amy R. Stegman, Bachelors Degree, Mary Washington Col- lege. NPG Registrar's Office. Assisting in the National Por- trait Gallery Registrar's Office with a special project to create new permanent registrarial records for all Gallery col- lections. July 5, 1995 through January 5, 1996.

Leslie Ann Stubbs, Bachelors Degree, U.S. International Uni- versity. Design and Production. Assist Production Manager and assist Chief of Design with all aspects of design prepara- tion and coordination. Specific tasks will include drafting plans, assisting with scheduling and maintenance of master calendar. January 30,1995 through April 30, 1995.

Natasha L. Suber, Bachelors Candidate, Morgan State Univer- sity. Education. Assist education program assistant with the Cultures in Motion program series, film series, and in- tern program at the National Portrait Gallery. June 7, 1995 through September 7, 1995.

Heather Sullivan, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Office of the Historian. The Rise of Celebrity Culcure-(the Barry- mores, musical theater videos). September 5, 1995 through December 25, 1995.

Stephanie Lee Tadlock, Bachelors degree. Education Depart- ment. Assist with 12 week initial Docent Training Course. Promote and help run the Lunchtime Lecture and Portraits in Print Series. September 14, 1995 through December 20, 1995-

Lesley Tucker, Bachelors Candidate, Middlebury College. Na- tional Portrait Gallery. Assisting in the National Portrait Gallery Registrar's office with a special project to create new permanent registrarial records for all Gallery collec- tions. June 21, 1995 through August 30, 1995.

Jessica Cole Udvardy, Masters Degree, George Washington University. Photographs. Project will be to catalog 99 photographs by George Tames from the Hines collection taken during the Cold War era. February 6, 1995 through May 26, 1995.

Allison Wickens, Bachelors Degree, Grinnell College. Educa- tion. Assisting in the research and development of class- room materials that can be used in conjunction with two special exhibitions at the gallery, and will have work as a teaching assistant during a four day seminar. February 27, 1995 through July 14, 1995.

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Kirsten E. Williams, Bachelors Candidate, University of Vir- ginia. Publications. Helping to edit and publish books for the National Portrait Gallery, including “1846”, a book about the Smithsonian's 150th anniversary. Also, editing exhibition captions and other written materials for the museum. May 22, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

National Postal Museum

Tracy Brown, Masters Candidate, George Mason University. Public Affairs. Text entry and editing of the museum news- letter, updating all press materials in the museum's media kit, updating and writing new captions for publicity photo- graphs, and writing press releases. January 23, 1995 through May 15, 1995.

Kathryn Concannon, Bachelors Candidate, Grove City Col- lege. Collections Department. Arranging a small collection of 19th century post office correspondence and rehousing. Alson creating a finder’s aid. June 6, 1995 through August 22, 1995.

Mark Dellapietra, Bachelors Candidate, Catholic University. Collections. Assisting in the rehousing of the Certified Plate Proof Collection. Assisting with various collections management projects as assigned. August 31, 1995 through December 15, 1995.

Alan Hiebert, Bachelors candidate, Coe College. Public Af- fairs. Develop press releases for up-coming exhibits and programs, update media lists and activity logs, send mailings, assemble press kits to include clips, summer newsletter, create postcard mailer for VIARC, video proj- ect and other related duties. September 5, 1995 through December 8, 1995.

Leigh A. Kale, Bachelors Candidate, University of North Car- olina. Public Affairs. Assemble press kits, organize slides and photos for distribution, answer media and public's questions about museum, write press releases and various other tasks relating to the public, media and advertising. May 21, 1995 through August 9, 1995.

Jeff Kishman, Masters Candidate, George Washington Univer- sity. Education. Creating a secondary school Postal Pack and public programming. January 17, 1995 through April 27, 1995.

Richard J. Moniz, Jr., Masters Candidate, Rhode Island Col- lege. Music Department. Original research in the Music De- partment of the Library of Congress, contacting other museums and repositories, etc. May 30, 1995 through July 7, 1995.

Christine Mulligan, Masters Candidate, George Washington University. Education. Designing activity kits, revising and teaching student tours, and creating a pre-visit curriculum materials for high school students. January 17, 1995 through April 27, 1995.

National Zoological Park

Surangi Punyasena, Bachelors Candidate, Yale University. Working in the Bio Visualization Lab at the National Zoo under Dr. Alfred Rosenberger. Exploring the way in which three-dimensional scanning could be used to study bio- logical specimens, namely the molar teeth of primates. Scanning teeth using a three ton laser named Huxley. Developing a technique in which to orient the digitized images of these casts of howler and squirrel monkey molars so that the differences in morphology between individuals and the differences between species and their ancestors could be compared. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Office of Architectural History and

Historic Preservation

Fay A. Beilis, Bachelors Candidate, Oberlin College. Research into architectural history of the patent office building, fo- cusing on issues concerning its preservation. Project will re- sult in an evaluation of historic character and original fabric of building. June 12, 1995.

Katherine Eggers, Bachelors Degree, Yale University. Re- search into the architectural history of the Hirshhorn Mu- seum and Sculpture Garden, culminating in a twenty page research paper. June 12, 1995 through August 21, 1995.

Denis R. McNamara, Masters Candidate, University of Vir- ginia. Research on Adolf Cluss, architect of Arts and Indus- tries Building. July 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Victoria Solan, Bachelors Degree, Oberlin College. Research history of the interior of the Arts and Industries Building.

October 11, 1994 through December 22, 1994.

Office of the Assistant Provost for Arts

and Humanities

Rebecca Jubon, Masters Candidate, George Washington Uni- versity. Accessibility Program. The intern will illustrate and produce a design layout for the accessibility program;s “Guide for Accessible Exhibition Design.” The document will be published for internal Smithsonian Institution use. September 18, 1995 through December I, 1995.

Kristin Schumacher, Masters Candidate, Cooperstown. Work- ing with accessibility coordinator on various projects in- cluding possible major internet accessibility project. June 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Office of Elementary and

Secondary Education

Christopher Z. Breault, Bachelors Candidate, Saint Michael's College. Introductory and observational program for clini- cal case. Aid technicians in general hospital maintenance. Includes cleaning equipment and assist with making obser- vations and recording them. June 26, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Ricardo J. Cavo Acosta, Bachelors Candidate, University of Puerto Rico. Invertebrate Exhibit. Maintenance of the ex- hibits, feeding the animals, cleaning the exhibits, designing the aquaria interiors, carry out water tests, an- swer visitors questions, conduct feeding demonstrations and help visitors use a microscope to identify invertebrates in water and soil samples. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Shawn Djernes, Bachelors Candidate, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Computer Services. Work as a member of the In- formation Resource Division staff and assist staff responsi- ble for training and end-user support for mainframe and PC-based applications. Edit and update OIRM training manuals using WordPerfect on the local area network. Serve as the teaching assistant in the Information Resource Division Training Room and assist in the maintenance of Training Room computers. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Lynn-Steven Engelke, Masters Candidate, George Washing- ton University. Teacher Services. Providing research and general program support for “Teaching and Learning ina Diverse Society.” January 18, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Welana A. Fields, Bachelors Candidate, Oklahoma University. Support the exhibition department in the development of the exhibit masterplan for the National Museum of the American Indian mall museum. Learn and observe exhibit design and master planning, museum management, admin- istration and Native American art and culture. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Ethan R. Jolley, Bachelors Candidate, Utah Valley State Col- lege. Work with National Air and Space museum lighting designer in designing, installing and maintaining exhibit lighting systems. Research new equipment, drafting plans for proposed exhibits, installing and focusing lighting units for new exhibits, and re-lamping existing fixtures. Assist the lighting designer in writing specifications, in applying basic engineering standards, and in complying with Smithsonian Institution regulations and the Na- tional Electrical Code. June 26, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Ciani J. Jones, Bachelors Candidate, Georgetown University. Research and organization of several small touring exhibi- tions drawn from the National Museum of American Art's collection as well as conducting research on Hispanic and

Indian artists. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

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Mai Le, Bachelors Candidate, University of Texas at Austin. Assist in configuring and installing personal computer hardware and software, including network software in of- fices of the National Air and Space Museum. Assist per- sonal computer users in solving hardware and software problems. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Betty Limon. Latino Outreach. Work with Public Affairs staff involved in the Institution's outreach program directed to- ward the Latino community in Washington D.C., and across the nation. Work with other Smithsonian bureaus, various forms of Latino media, developing contacts and par- ticipants. in PR activities. June 26, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Farhan Malik, Bachelors Candidate, University of Kansas. Space History. Work with primary source materials dealing with the technology of manned spaceflight in order to orga-

nize and prepare archival records. Assist with the care and storage of the space suit collection from the Mercury, Apollo and Gemini eras. June 26, 1995 through August 8, 1995.

Javier T. Moreno, Bachelors Candidate, Texas Tech University.

Golden Lion Tamarin. Assist zoo staff in interpreting the

exhibit to the general public, Perform specific animal obser-

vations. Assist in daily care tasks like food preparation and will learn to use radio tracking equipment for public dem- onstrations. June 24, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Melissa Neuman, Bachelors Candidate, Harvard University. Historian. Assist National Portrait Gallery historian with ongoing research projects using the collections of the Gal- lery itself and perhaps those of the District of Columbia's Public Library and the Library of Congress. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Callie J. Newcombe. Primate House. Assist primate keepers

with their daily routine including cleaning enclosures, pre-

paring food, and conducting behavioral observations of eight species of primates. Assist with some record keeping. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Chi T. Ng, High School Senior, Lane Technical High School. Armed Forces History. Working with collections of over

400,000 objects (uniforms, insignia, art). Caring for collec-

tions and assisting with mounting exhibitions. Use compu-

terized catalogue system. Assist in routine museum work. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Steven C. Pabst, Bachelors Candidate, Bal! Stace University. Exhibit Interpretation. In National Zoological Park's pho-

tography department, experiencing Black & White photog-

raphy printing, copy work, filling photo requests, and

assisting the staff photographer with animal and other pho-

tography. Learn about and help survey, rehouse, identify, and catalog historic and recent photographs in the Zoo's photo archive. Assist with the development of the Photo CD project to integrate photo CD images into a database. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Nazzy Pakpour, Bachelors Candidate, University of Califor-

nia, Davis. Insect Zoo. Will learn to care for the animals

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found in Insect Zoo and learn interpretive techniques which have been developed specifically for the exhibit. Will participate in teacher training workshops. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Jaime Petrovich. Early Enrichment Center. Assist in research-

ing and coordinating developmentally appropriate mu- seum-based activities for children. Responsible for assisting in planning and implementing the actual activities. The in- tent of the program is to integrate museum experiences with early childhood education, stressing active learning, critical thinking, and problem solving skills. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Taj J. Polite, Bachelors Candidate, North Carolina State. Edu-

cation. Assist the education department by conducting tours of the education department by conducting tours of the “Black Mosaic Community, Race and Ethnicity” exhibi- tion. Additional duties include answering telephone inquir- ies, working with the education department's archive, and helping to update the mailing list. June 26, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Corlei N. Prieto, Bachelors Candidate, University of Califor-

nia, Santa Barbara. Education. Assist with various duties re- lated to the care and maintenance of the “Exploring Marine Ecosystems” exhibit. Participate in the daily maintenance and monitoring of 3,000-gallon Caribbean coral reef ex- hibit. a 2,000-gallon gulf of Maine exhibit, and two 130- gallon aquarium exhibits. Perform technical duties including monitoring chemical parameters (temperature and salinity), observing and feeding organisms within the systems, harvesting algal turf scrubbers, and checking me- chanical equipment. Provide behind the scenes tours and answer questions for the general public. June 24, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Michael William Twitty, Bachelors Candidate, Howard Uni-

versity. African-American Studies Center. Aid The Smithsonian Associates Studies Center in the planning and implementation of programs, and to research, collect, and record data on past programs and overall successes of the Studies Center. June 25, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Melanie J. Weeks, Bachelors Candidate, McNeese State Uni-

versity. Curatorial Affairs. Introduction to basic curatorial concepts, review of exhibits proposals, discuss process and planning with curators and participate in evaluation pro-

cess through review committee. June 2, 1995 through July 26, 1995.

Olivia M. Wendr, Bachelors Candidate, St. Norbert. Library.

Assist professional staff in standard library duties, learning about variety of research tools. Help to determine whether incoming materials are to be catalogued or to be discarded, following library guidelines to sort materials already se- lected for the library's vertical files, and helping to elimi- nate the backlog of materials already selected for the

vertical files. June 26, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Maria Wiehe, Bachelors Candidate, Mesa Community Col-

lege. Horticulture. Work in the Grounds Management

Branch includes maintaining turf and flower bed areas. The Greenhouse-Nursery Branch work introduces general green- house practices. June 24, 1995 through August 4, 1995. Jasmine Williams, Bachelors Candidate, Indiana University Northwest, Office of Registrar. Assist the National Mu- seum of American Art’s Registrar staff in its daily work ranging from filing records and entering data to moving art work and crates. June 26, 1995 through August 7, 1995.

Office of Exhibits Central

Monika Hirshbichler, Bachelors Candidate, University of Maryland. Graphics. Working with graphics coordinator on matting and framing plus assisting with various phases of silkscreening. February 8, 1995 through May 31, 1995.

Susan Linton, Bachelors Candidate, Tulane University. Work-

ing in the fields of graphics, model making, computers and ©

design of museum exhibits. June 26, 1995 through August 23, 1995.

CarolAnne Otto, Bachelors Degree, Beaver College. Model Shop/Exhibits. Working in exhibit fabrication for the Duck Stamp Hall of the National Postal Museum and Land of Promise for the National Museum of American History as well as other projects in Natural History. May 30, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Robert J. Patterson. Fabrication Shop. Fabrication of display cases for exhibits. June 5, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Lenard Reid, High School Student, Duke Ellington School of the Arts. Illuminating the gallery walls and illuminating art works. November 1, 1994 through November 29, 1994.

Rodney H. Robinson, Bachelors Degree, University of Kan- sas. Model making. Assist and make a variety of models for various exhibitions. Projects such as making a life mask, fish mold, a diorama and leaves from cellulose acetate. In- volve planning, gathering of materials and final presenta-

tion. May 1, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Office of General Council

Jeannie Diane Mandoline, Law Student, Washington College of Law. Legal research and writing in various Smithsonian related areas. October 3, 1994 through December 31, 1994.

Susan Marino, Masters Candidate, Columbus School of Law. Legal research and writing on various Smithsonian related legal problems; other special projects as they may arise. Jan- uary 9, 1995 through April 26, 1995.

Tricia Sanders Wellman, Masters Candidate, George Mason

University. Legal research and writing on various Smithson-

ian related legal problems and other special projects as they may arise. January 9, 1995 through May 5, 1995.

Office of Government Relations

Carlos G. Rosa, Bachelors Candidate, Inter American Univer- sity. Information systems intern to design and implement legislative, constituent service and administrative function recording and tracking systems. To work on commermera- tive coin program and congressional zoo night. To instruct office personnell on computer usage. June 13, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Office of Latino Affairs

Adrian Guerra, Bachelors Candidate, Blackhawk College. As- sisting the Office of Public and Government Affairs and working at the museum of American History in cataloging pictures from the early 1900s. July 5, 1995 through August 10, 1995.

Jose Salazar, Bachelors Candidate, Western Illinois University. Photographs. Labeling and sleeving photographs and nega- tives of Cuban and Philippine photographer Charles Doty. July 5, 1995 through August 12, 1995.

Roberto Venegas, Bachelors Candidate. Colorado College. Col- lecting information regarding Latino issues in the Smithsonian collections. June 5, 1995 through August II,

1995.

Office of Membership and Development

Amy S. Jones, Bachelors Candidate, Duke University. Com- pile bibliography for corporate partner program. May 17, 1995 through June 30, 1995.

Office of Plant Services

Flora Cox, Bachelors Candidate, University of the District of Columbia. Horticulture Services. Learning about the basics of application and classification standard of the Institution. February 14, 1995 through April 21, 1995.

Larry Loew, Bachelors Degree, University of Louisville. Horti- culture Services. Working with the management of the Or-

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chid Collection. Reviewing collection to prepare physi- cal inventory locating the label on each plant. Replacing damaged and faded labels, identifying unknown speci- mens. Researching, computerizing, and organizing col- lections and records. July 17, 1995 through September 22, 1995.

Kerrie L. Pinnell, Bachelors Candidate, Southwest Mis- souri State University. Horticulture. Working with the maintenance of the Haupt Garden. Project will include turf management, pruning and training of hedges and parterres, maintenance of large expanses of ground cover and rose gardening. June 19, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Francie Schroeder, Bachelors Degree, George Washington Uni- versity. Horticulture Services Division. The intern will cata- log 35mm slides in the AAG collection and prepare a set of guidelines to be used for evaluation of 35mm slides of gar- dens and landscapes. September 11, 1995 through December 22, 1995.

Karen A. Swanson, Masters Candidate, University of Michi- gan. Horticulture. Assist the landscape architect in updat- ing the master planting plans of the museum grounds. The project will include verifying plants on the site and prepar- ing drawings to accurately represent the landscape. June 19, 1995 through November 17, 1995.

Jane Williamson, Bachelors Degree, University of the South. Horticultural Services. Working with the maintenance of the Haupt Garden, Project will include turf management, pruning & training of formal hedges and parterres, mainte- nance of large expanses of graound cover, and, rose garden- ing. October 3, 1994 through January 27, 1995.

Anna S. Yellin, Bachelors Degree, University of Maryland. Horticulture Services Division. Intern will maintain the Butterfly Garden. While maintaining the garden, the in- tern will develop a record from which future plant lists can be selected; develop maintenance routines; doing research along the way; will record butterfly visits (time of year and type of plant visited.) August 14, 1995 through November

3, 1995.

Office of Printing G Photographic Services

Vanda Manprasert, High School Senior, Winston Churchill High School. Office of Photographic Services. Work on NAA copywork and black and white printing. Scan images into electronic format for database in World Wide Web use. Assist photographers in studio as needed. September 5, 1995 through June I, 1996.

Office of Public Affairs

Rosane Maria Rocha de Carvalho, Bachelors Degree, Museum of the Republic. Assisted the Office of Public Affairs with marketing programs, multimedia and computer programs October 24, 1994 through December 19, 1994.

Colleen Hershberger, Smith College. Advertising. Publicity and promotions for 1995 Festival of American Folklife, craft show, and other projects. April 24, 1995 through September 24, 1995.

Craig Lambert, Bachelors Candidate, University of New Hampshire. Work on 150th anniversary public relation pro- jects. June 1, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Office of the Secretary

Elizabeth Hart, High School Student, Sidwell Friends School. Biodiversity and Environmental Affairs. Assisting with the Smithsonian Earth Day Conference on Biodiversity. January 24, 1995 through April 28, 1995.

Office of Smithsonian Institution Archives

Morgan Andreae, Bachelors Degree. Institutional History/Jo- seph Henry Papers Project. Compile a database of Joseph Henry quotations which provide insight on certain key is- sues in the history of the Smithsonian. He will also be ex- posed to techniques of documentary editing. June 6, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Anne Armstrong, Bachelors Candidate, James Madison Uni- versity. Institutional History. Researching the history of Smithsonian art museums and creating a database of the in- formation. June 12, 1995 through August 26, 1995.

Eleanor Curry, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Smithson- ian Institution Archives. Records of William Jores Rhees - Smithsonian Institution Archives. September 5, 1995 through December 25, 1995.

Kalia Edmonds, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Ar- chives Division. Accessions 1834-1958, Smithsonian Institu- tion Archives. September 5, 1995 through December 20, 1995.

Susan W. Haskell, Bachelors Degree. Office of Smithsonian Archives. Appraise, arrange, describe, and preserve a large collection of records of the History of Science Society. Au- gust 7, 1995 through October 13, 1995.

Bethany Leigh Johnson, Bachelors Candidate, Princeton Uni- versity. Joseph Henry Papers. Compile a database of news- paper accounts of the Smithsonian during the 1850s

focusing on the coverage of Joseph Henry's clash with Charles Jewett over future control and direction of the Insti- tution. Documentary editing. June 5, 1995 through August Il, 1995.

Rebecca L. McCadney, Bachelors Candidate, Carnegie Mellon University. Assisting historian in research for a project on former Smithsonian Institution Secretary S.

Dillon Ripley. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995. Shawn A. Thompson, Bachelors Candidate, Smith College. Smithsonian Institution

Archives. Assisting in the Isoth anniversary exhibitions. September 5, 1995 through December 23, 1995.

Office of Sponsored Progects

Michael Aaron Barnes, Bachelors Candidate, Washington and Jefferson College. Developing a survey to collect staff's aca- demic/program interests for which they need external fund- ing. Set up a database and enter the information once it is collected. June 5, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Idana Bonsi, Bachelors Candidate, Alabama A&M University. Perform a study on projected financial impact analysis. June 5, 1995 through August 1, 1995.

Janet L. Dauber, Bachelors Degree, Mount Union College. As- sist in pre-award administrative functions, including e- mail and database duties and assisting Grant Contract Administrator in proposal development and administra- tion. February 3, 1995 through June 30, 1995.

Sarah A. de Aguero, Bachelors Candidate, University of South Florida. Office of Sponsored Projects. I will be designing, writing, and editing a technical manual for the Post-Award division of the Office of Sponsored Projects. The manual will detail the services provided to the Smithsonian princi- ple investigators. July 5, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Courtney Lenhard, Bachelors Candidate, Whittier College. Assisting financial analysts in preparing corrected invoices and in analyzing indirect costs. Reviewing monthly finan- cial reports to identify deficits. June 5, 1995 through Au- Bust 4, 1995.

Julianne Simpson, Masters Candidate, Arizona State Univer- sity. Assist in developing a management curriculum for Fi- nance and Administration and assist in development of a pan-institutional matrix of responsibilities for federal regu- lations and compliance for the Smithsonian. June 26, 1995 through July 28, 1995.

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

M. Carole Anderson, Bachelors Candidate, Agnes Scott Col- lege. Spicebush research, especially insect interactions with plant; also bird predation or larvae that feed on spicebush. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Allison Eddy Blouin, Bachelors Candidate, St. John’s College. Studying rate of soil efflux of COz from forest floor. May 22, 1995 through August IJ, 1995.

Cynthia Boyer, Bachelors Degree. Intern in the education and public programs department. March 6, 1995 through May 26, 1995.

Andrea L. Craig, Bachelors Degree, Allegheny College. Ef- fects of UV radiation on phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay. May 1995 through August 1995.

Charlee H. Darby, Bachelors Candidate, Washington College. Amoebae in shipballast. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Manuel Gortschick, Bachelors Candidate, Fachhochschule, Hamburg. Forest canopy project. February 28, 1995 through August 31, 1995.

Lisa A. Hartman, Bachelors Degree, Hood College. To iden- tify non-indigenous species of marine organisms entering the Baltimore and Norfolk harbors from the ballast water of cargo ships. May 22, 1995 through November 3, 1995.

Kirsten Hauser. Quantify identification in wetland systems using gas chromatography to detect N2O levels. February 27, 1995 through May 19, 1995.

Susan Njeri Mambo, Masters Candidate, Louisiana State Uni- versity. Environmental education and research. Reviewing environmental education materials, leading canoe tours, seminars, explaining ecological research. March 12, 1995 through May 5, 1995.

Nancy Merrill, Bachelors Candidate, Cornell University. As- sisting Mark Hadden. Filming an environmental education video aimed at middle schools. We are trying to show that environmental science is fun, exciting and important. June 5, 1995 through August 20, 1995.

Eleanor Milne, Masters Candidate, Essex University. The ef- fects of elevated CO2 on root respiration in a tidal marsh ecosystem. May 22, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Nancy Polen, Bachelors Degree, Grove City College. Long term bird census with Dr. Jim Lynch. Research takes place on 30 acre plot with vegetation in a variety of successful stages. June 5, 1995 through August 18, 1995.

Tonya Kafi Rawlings, Bachelors Degree, Cornell University. Intern will be studying the blue crab/rock fish interactions in the Chesapeake Bay. May 6, 1995.

Francisca Saavedra, Masters Candidate, University of Florida. Canopy Lab. Collect data in forest and analyze it on com- puter. November 28, 1994 through February 3, 1995.

Gabriela W. Smalley, Bachelors Degree, University of Mary- land. June 5, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

139

William G. Smithhart, Bachelors Candidate, Southwest Texas State University. To determine geological influences on water quality in study areas within the Chesapeake Bay wa- tershed using available SERC resources and geographic in- formation systems. May 22, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Sasha I. Weinstein, Bachelors Degree, Brown University. Nu- trient cycling in a constructed wetland. June 5, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Amy Cancienne, Masters Candidate, Louisiana Stace Univer- sity. Museum Reference Center. Answering most frequently asked reference questions and developing packets. Decem- ber 19, 1994 through January 6, 1995.

Teria A. Curry, Masters Candidate, Catholic University. Cen- tral Reference and Loan. Learning the range of interlibrary loan activities. April 16, 1995 through August 10, 1995.

Kimberly Matthews Graber, Masters Degree, Emporia Strate University. Museum Reference Center. Working on the or- ganization of the Native American Museums vertical files, and newly obtained materials and actively soliciting up- dated materials. January 9, 1995 through March 9, 1995.

Marci Madatic, Masters Candidate, Louisiana State University. American History Library. Working with Worlds Fair Books deciding which ones to keep and which to discard along with some reference work. December 19, 1994 through January 6, 1995.

Dei Olson, Masters Degree, The American University, Mu- seum Reference Center. Identify and prepare a guide on visi- tor evaluation studies. May 31, 1995 through December 31, 1995.

Debra Shumate, Masters Candidate, Catholic University. Na- tional Portrait Gallery & American Art Library. Profes- sional librarianship, experience via practicum. August 29, 1995 through January 31, 1996.

Debra Shumate, Masters Candidate, Catholic University of America. National Postal Museum. Develop bibliography of the Colonial Post Office. January 12, 1995 through May

13, 1995.

Smithsonian Institution Travelling Exhibition Service

Shannon Brown, Masters Candidate, Arizona State University. Contribute to the development of interpretive components and written materials for the traveling exhibition exotic illusions: art, romance and the marketplace. Drafting exhi- bition text for interactive and Audio Visual components, re-

140

searching photographs, library research, meeting with exhibition team, drafting text for gallery handout, exhib- itor kits, participating in general office activities related to the SITES program. June 1, 1995 through August 11,

1995-

Smithsonian Institution Women’s Committee

Kelly O'Donnell, Masters Degree, University of San Diego. Assisting the women’s committee with organizing records in order to publish anniversary book. January 23, 1995 through April 30, 1995.

Smithsonian Magazine

Tonya E. Manuel, Bachelors Candidate, Hampton University. Gain an overall view of how the publication operates with an emphasis on editorial activities. Read and evaluate unso- licited manuscripts, working with an editor, doing research on an article and working in picture department. June 5, 1995 through August 4, 1995.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Erasmo C. Gonzalez, High School Senior, Landon School. Of- fice support work for Smithsonian Tropical Research Insti- tute. May 15, 1995 through June 2, 1955.

Juan Posada Hostettler, Bachelors Degree, Universidad de los Andes. Researching plant response to elevated carbon dioxide levels. October 1, 1994 through December 31, 1994.

Robert McCormick, High School Senior. Landon School. Of- fice support work for the Center for Tropical Forest Science. May 17, 1995 through June 2, 1995.

Elizabeth Stoel, Bacheiors Candidate, Princeton University. Working in the office doing secretarial work and learning about acting as a liason for offices and laboratories all over the world. June 5, 1995 through August 30, 1995.

The Smithsonian Assoctates

Emily A. Allen, Bachelors Candidate, Harvard and Radcliffe Colleges. Provide support to TSA volunteer office, work on customer service training project, volunteer newsletter, etc. June 12, 1995 through August 24, 1995.

Michele Renee Cardin Bailey, Bachelors candidate, The Uni- versity of Tampa. The Smithsonian Associates. Archiving, press releases, TSA operations etc. September 5, 1995 through December 1s, 1995.

Betsy A. Baird, Masters Degree, Dartmouth. Resident Associ- ate Program. Assisting in the Resident Associate Program programming. July 31, 1995 through June 30, 1996.

Jennifer Bergeron, Bachelors Degree, U Mass-Dartmouth, Lib- eral Arts and Special Events. Assist Program Coordinator with general office work in addition to work on special pro- jects. July 12, 1995 through August 25, 1995.

Lyra J. Colfer, Bachelors Candidate, Cornell University. The Young Associates. Work on fall activities: scholarship pro- gram, Family Halloween Party, research prospective films and tours, other duties as assigned. September 5, 1995 through December 6, 1995.

Kimberly A. Geiler, Bachelors Candidate, Trinity University. Office of Public Affairs. Assisting with press releases, ar- chiving, and the Smithsonian Associates operations. May 15, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Mark A. Nakamura, Bachelors Candidate, University of Cali- fornia, Santa Cruz. Marketing/Development. I will be pro- viding support in all areas of marketing and development at the Smithsonian Associates. In addition, I will be work- ing on several photography projects for the Associates. Sep- tember 20, 1995 through December 6, 1995.

Anne M. Shoemake, Bachelors Candidate, University of the South. Progamming assistant for domestic tours and the Odyssey program. June 5, 1995 through August 5, 1995.

Daisy H. Voorhees, Bachelors Candidate, Wesleyan Univer- sity. The Young Associates. Coordinate the Smithsonian Summer camp. Responsibilities include oversight for the daily operation of the camp and logistical planning in ad- vance of the Summer Camp session. June 12, 1995 through August II, 1995.

Blythe E. Wallgren, Bachelors Candidate, George Washing- ton University. Young Benefactors. Coordinate the Young Benefactors annual silent auction. Work with young bene- factors committee members and local area merchants. Work with Young Benefactors liaison at special events in- cluding the annual gala.May Is, 1995 through September 22, 1995.

Michele Winkler, Bachelors Degree, Pennsylvania State Uni- versity. Visual Arts/Studio Arts. Assisting in various admin- istrative procedures which include conducting research, marketing of programs, assisting at council meetings, writ- ing memos and letters, and attending workshops and classes. February 13, 1995 through June 9, 1995.

141

Research Associates

Research Associates status is conferred by the Provost on individuals from

outside the Institution who are conducting ongoing research in areas in

which the Smithsonian has collections or expertise. Research Associates are

granted access to the Institution's facilities and reference resources and often

consult or collaborate with Smithsonian researchers. Most appointments of

Research Associates are for a duration of three years and are renewable. The

following is a list of individuals who held the title of Research Associates

during fiscal year 1995.

Office of the Provost

Dr. Wilton S. Dillon

Center For Folklife Programs and

Cultural Studies

Mr. Kenneth Bilby

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Dr. Veletta Canouts

Freer Gallery of Art/Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

Dr. Esin Aul Ms. Elizabeth West Fitzhugh Mrs. Mary S. Slusser

National Air and Space Museum

Dr. Tsevi Mazeh Dr. Vladimir Strelnitski

National Museum of African Art

Dr. Labelle Prussin

National Museum of American Art

Dr. Wanda M. Corn Dr. Charles C. Eldredge

National Museum of Natural History

Anthropology Department

Dr. William P. Barse

Dr. Michael L. Blakey

Dr. Ernest S. Burch, Jr. Dr. Anita G. Cook

Dr. Gillian Feeley-Harnik Dr. Ann Fienup-Riordan

Dr. Dr.

Dr.

Don Fowler Catherine S. Fowler George C. Frison

Dr. John M. Fritz Dr. James Lowell Gibbs, Jr. Dr. James B. Griffin

Dr.

Dr. Dr.

. Corinne Ann Kratz

A

Kris L. Hardin Catherine A. Hawks Richard T. Koritzer, D.D.S.

. Bonnie S. Magnes-Gardiner . Betty J. Meggers

. Michael D. Petraglia

. Stephen R. Potter

. Bruce D. Ragsdale

. Mara E. Rosenthal

. Robert G. Schmidr

. Douglas Siegel-Causey

. Kenyan G. Tomaselli

Dr. John W. Verano

Ms.

Mildred Mort Wedel

Dr. John E. Yellen

Botany Department

Dr.

Dr.

Lisa Ceryle Barnett Carol J. Bult

Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas Dr. Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr.

Dr:

Dr. Dr.

Elbert L. Little Diane S. Littler Alicia Lourteig

Dr. John J. Pipoly, III

Dr.

Dr.

Velva E. Rudd William Louis Stern

Entomology Department

Dr. Dr. Mr.

Dr.

Dr. . Margaret S. Collins . Gregory W. Courtney

Y

David N. Adamski Annette Aiello Donald M. Anderson William E. Bickley Harley P. Brown

. Eduardo Dominguez . Lance Durden

. Robert L. Edwards

. Neal L. Evenhuis

. Adrian B. Forsyth

. Amnon Freidberg

. Robert D. Gordon

. Ralph E. Harbach

. Paul M. Marsh

. Scott E. Miller

Dr. Charles Mitter

Dr. Paul A. Opler

Dr. Philip D. Perkins

Dr. Robert V. Peterson Mr. E. L. Peyton

Dr. Dan A. Polhemus Dr. John T. Polhemus Dr. Patricia Gentili Poole Dr. Robert W. Poole

Mr. Curtis Sabrosky

Dr. Silvia Santiago-Fragoso Dr. Jay C. Schaffer

Dr. Nikolaj Scharff

Dr. Jeffrey W. Shultz

Mr. Theodore J. Spilman Dr. Robert Traub

Dr. David P. Wooldridge Dr. Frank N. Young

Invertebrate Zoology Department

Dr. G. Denton Belk Dr. Darryl L. Felder Dr. Gorden L. Hendler Dr. John R. Holsinger Dr. E. Taisoo Park

Mr. Richard E. Petit Dr. Donald C. Ports Dr. Marjorie L. Reaka Dr. Janet W. Reid

Dr. Edward E. Ruppert Dr. James D. Thomas

Paleobiology Department

Dr. William I. Ausich Dr. Raymond L. Bernor Dr. Annalisa Berta

Dr. Robyn Burnham Dr. Zhongyuan Chen Dr. James M. Clark

Dr. Stephen J. Culver Dr. John D. Damuth Dr. Daryl P. Domning Dr. J. Thomas Dutro, Jr. Dr. Ralph E. Eshelman Dr. Jerzy Fedorowski Dr. Thomas G. Gibson Dr, Nigel Hughes

Dr. Paul L. Koch

Dr. Carl F. Koch

Dr. Sergius H. Mamay Dr. Christopher G. Maples Dr. Jerry N. McDonald Dr. Robert B. Neuman

Dr. William A. Oliver, Jr. Dr. Lisa E. Osterman

Dr. John Pojeta, Jr.

Dr. Kenneth D. Rose Dr. William J. Sando Dr. David E. Schindel Dr. Judith Skog

Dr. Anthony Socci

Dr. Norman F. Sohl

Dr. I. Gregory Sohn

Dr. Steven M. Stanley Dr. Hans-Dieter Sues Dr. Kammer W. Thomas Dr. Joshua I. Tracey

Dr. James W. Valentine Dr. Andrew G. Warne Dr. David Bruce Weishampel Dr. Frank C. Whitmore Dr. Debra A. Willard Dr. Christopher Wnuk Dr. Keddy Yemane

Dr. Ellis L. Yochelson

Vertebrate Zoology Department

Dr. Ronald Altig

Dr. Aaron M. Bauer

Mr. Bruce M. Beehler Dr. Eleanor D. Brown Dr. Robert L. Brownell Dr. John R. Burns

Dr. John E. Cadle

Dr. Philip J. Clapham Dr. Kenneth Dodd

Dr. Andreze) Elzanowski Dr. Louise H. Emmons Dr. Carl H. Ernst

Dr. William Fink

Ms. Sara V. Fink

Dr. Thomas H. Fritts Dr. J. Whitfield Gibbons Dr. David A. Good

Dr. Catherine Hawks Dr. Lawrence R. Heaney Dr. Richard Highton Dr. Aleta Hohn

Dr. Peter W. Houde Mr. Ivan Ineich

Mrs. Phyllis R. Isler Mr. Morton L. Isier

Dr. Elisabeth Kalko

Dr. Roy K. Kropp

Ms. Roxie C. Laybourne Dr. Bradley C. Livezey Dr. Jonathan B. Losos

Dr. Linda E. Resnik Maxson Mr. Roy W. McDiarmid

Dr. Naercio Menezes

Mr. Joseph C. Mitchell

Dr. Guy G. Musser

Dr. Rafael Omar de Sa

Dr. Hidetoshi Ota

Dr. William Perrin

Mr. Gregory K. Pregill

Dr. John E. Randall

Hon S. Dillon Ripley, I Dr. Sentiel A. Rommel

Dr. William F. Smith-Vaniz Mr. Wayne C. Starnes

Dr. David L. Stein

Mr. Ian R. Swingland

Dr. Merrill Varn

Mr. Richard J. Wassersug Dr. E. O. Wiley

National Zoological Park

Dr. Mary Katherine Carlstead Dr. Adelmar Coimbra-Filho Dr. Perry S. Barboza

Dr. Susan D. Crissey

Dr. Kim C. Derrickson Dr. James M. Dietz

Dr. Wolfgang Dittus

Dr. John F. Eisenberg Dr. John M. Francis

Dr. Karen L. Goodrowe Dr. Theodore I. Grand Dr. Mary M. Hagedorn Dr. Sara J. Iverson

Dr. David W. Johnston Dr. Thomas H. Kunz Dr. Brian Miller

Dr. Dale Miquelle

Dr. Steven L. Monfort Dr. James B. Murphy Dr. Donald H. Owings Dr. Stephen J. O’Brien Dr. Thomas W. Quinn Dr. William F. Rall

Mr. Alfred Rosenberger Dr. Stephen I. Rothstein Dr. Mitchel Schiewe

Dr. George Schwede

Dr. Norman J. Scott, Jr. Dr. Michael Stuwe

Dr. Steven D. Thompson

143

Dr. Duane E. Ullrey

Dr. Samuel K. Wasser

Dr. Per Wegge

Dr. Elsie May Widdowson Dr. Kevin Winker

Conservation Research Center/National Zoological Park

Dr. Govindasamy Agoramoorthy Dr. Joel Berger

Dr. W. Don Bowen

Dr. Scott Creel

Dr. John G. Frazier

Dr. Mary Victoria McDonald

Dr. Charles W. McDougal

144

Dr. William J. McShea Dr. Richard R. Tenaza Dr. Paul Weldon

Office of the Smithsonian Institution Archives/

Joseph Henry Papers

Dr. Albert E. Moyer

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Dr. Alastair Cameron Dr. Alyssa Goodman Dr. Josh Grindlay Dr. Robert Kirshner Dr. Chris Kochanek Dr. Avi Loeb

Dr. Jane Luu

Dr. Ramesh Narayan Dr. William Press

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Dr. Peter Shaw Ashton Dr. Stephen P. Hubbell

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(p,4409) uorNINsuUy URIUOSYIUg aya Ie AANOY paray

150

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(’S1) QAAISOTU SAUVAV TIV JO TVLOL (71) TV.LO.LANS

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153

Publications of the Smithsonian Institution Press in Fiscal Year 1995

During fiscal year 1995, the Smithsonian Institution Press released more than 150 publications—including trade books, exhibition catalogs, monographs, sympo- sium volumes, museum guides, brochures, pamphlets, videos, and sound recordings—the most important of which are listed below.

University Press

Ardouin, Claude Daniel, and Emmanuel Arinze. Museums and the Community in West Africa. June 1995.

Arriaza, Bernardo T. Beyond Death: The Chinchorro Mummies of Ancient Chile. September 1995.

Ben-Amos, Paula Gershick. The Art of Benin. Revised edition. June 1995.

Bendix, Deanna Marohn. Diabolical Designs: Paintings. Interi- ors. and Exhibitions of James McNetll Whistler. May 1995.

Brigham, David R. Public Culture in the Early Republic: Peale's Museum and Its Audience. March 1995.

Brown, Dona. Inventing New England: Regional Tourism in the Nineteenth Century. March 1995.

Chaussonnet, Valérie, ed. Crossroads Alaska: Native Cultures of Alaska and Siberia. Copublished with the Smithsonian Insti- tution Arctic Studies Center. September 1995.

Clark-Lewis, Elizabeth. Living In, Living Out: African American Domestics in Washington, D.C., 1910-1940. October 1994.

Collar, N. J., M. J. Crosby, and A. J. Stattersfield. Birds to Watch 2: The World List of Threatened Birds. Distributed for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Cooper, J. E., ed. Disease and Threatened Birds. Distributed for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Cottonwoods: Photographs by Robert Adams. January 1995.

Craddock, Paul T. Early Metal Mining and Production. Copublished with Edinburgh University Press. May 1995.

154

Croxall, J. P., ed. Seabird Status and Conservation: A Supplement. Distributed for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Cullen, Jim. The Civil War in Popular Culture: A Reusable Past. March 1995.

Danly, Susan, and Chery! Leibold. Eakins and the Photograph: Works by Thomas Eakins and His Circle in the Collection of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. September 1994.

Davies, R. E. G., and I. E. Quastler. Commuter Airlines of the United States. November 1994.

Diamond, A. W., and FE L. Filion, eds. The Value of Birds. Dis- tributed for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Doss, Erika. Spirit Poles and Flying Pigs: Public Art and Cul- tural Democracy n American Communities. March 1995.

Elias, Scott A. Ice-Age History of Alaskan National Parks. April 1995.

Evans, M. I. Important Bird Areas in the Middle East. Distrib- uted for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Flores, Richard R. Los Pastores: History and Performance in the Mexican Shepherd's Play of South Texas. September 1995.

Foresta, Merry A., and John Wood. Secrets of the Dark Chamber: The Art of the American Daguerreotype. Copublished with the National Museum of American Art. June 1995.

Frankel, Godfrey, and Laura Goldstein. In the Alleys: Kids in the Shadow of the Capitol. September 1995.

Franklin, John Hope, and Genna Rae McNeil, eds. African Americans and the Living Constitution. March 1995.

Garcia Rodero, Cristina. Espana Oculta: Public Celebrations in Spain. 1974-1989. Copublished with Lunwerg Publishers. August 1995.

Glines, Carroll V. Roscoe Turner: Aviation’s Master Showman. March 1995.

Goriup, Paul D., ed. Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds. Distributed for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Hendler, Gordon, John E. Miller, David L. Parson, and Porter M. Kiev. Sea Stars. Sea Urchins. and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. August 1995.

Horses and Dogs: Photographs by William Eggleston. January 1995.

Houchins, Chang-su. Artifacts of Diplomacy: Smithsonian Collec- tions from Commodore Matthew Perry’s Japan Expedition (1853- 1854). August 1995.

Hyatt, Vera Lawrence, and Rex Nettleford, eds. Race. Dis- course, and the Origin of the Americas: A New World View. March 1995.

Jackson, Robert. F-86 Sabre: The Operational Record. Copublished with Airlife Publishing. April 1995.

Jacob, Kathryn Allamong. Capital Elites: High Society in Wash- ington, D.C., after the Civil War. October 1994.

Johnson, David R. I/legal Tender: Counterfeiting and the Secret Service in Nineteenth-Century America. January 1995.

Jones, David L. Palms Throughout the World. Copublished with Reed Books. July 1995.

Kan, Michael, Roy Sieber, David W. Penney, Mary Nooter Roberts, and Helen M. Shannon. African Masterworks in the Detroit Institute of Arts. September 1995.

Kelly, Robert L. The Foraging Spectrum: Diversity in Hunter- Gatherer Lifeways. July 1995.

Leary, William M., ed. From Arrships to Airbus: The History of Civil Aviation. Volume x Infrastructure and Environment. April 1995.

Light, Ken. Delta Time: Mississtpp: Photographs. March 1995.

Lopez, Donald S. Fighter Pilot's Heaven: Flight Testing the Early Jets. March 1995.

McFarland, Stephen L. America’s Pursutt of Strategic Bombing. rgro—1945. March 1995.

Miles, Ellen G. Saznt-Memin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America. Copublished with the National Portrait Gallery. December 1994.

Merrill, Linda, ed. With Kindest Regards: The Correspondence of James McNe:ll Whistler and Charles Lang Freer. 1890-1903. Copublished with the Freer Gallery. April 1995.

Morrell, Abelardo. Camera in a Room. August 1995.

Nettleship, D. N., J. Burger, and M. Gochfeld, eds. Seabirds on Islands: Threats. Case Studies. and Action Plans. Distrib- uted for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Norton, Brian G., Michael Hutchins, Elizabeth F. Stevens, and Terry Maple. Ethics on the Ark: Zoos. Animal Welfare. and Wildlife Conservation. June 1995.

Parker, Ann, and Avon Neal. Hajj Paintings: Folk Art of the Great Pilgrimage. September 1995.

Partridge, Elizabeth, ed. Dorothea Lange: A Visual Life. Octo- ber 1994.

Piehler, G, Kurt. Remembering War the American Way. March 1995-

Pollack, Howard. Skyscraper Lullaby: The Life and Music of John Alden Carpenter. December 1994.

Prosterman, Leslie. Ordinary Life, Festival Days: Aesthetics in the Midwestern County Fair. October 1994.

Prussin, Labelle. African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place. and Gender. July 1995.

Redding, Joan, and Diane Vogt-O’Connor. Guide to the Photo- graphic Collections at the Smithsonian Institution. Volume lV. National Air and Space Museum. April 1995.

Salathé, T. Conserving Migratory Birds. Distributed for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Samuels, Peggy and Harold. Remembering the Maine. April 1995.

Schiffer, Michael Brian. Taking Charge: The Electric Automobile in America. August 1994.

Schoenfeld, Max. Stalking the U-boat: USAAF Offensive Antisub- marine Operations in World War II. December 1994.

Schwartz, Glenn M., and Steven E. Falconer, eds. Archaeologi- cal Views from the Countryside: Village Communities in Early Complex Societies. October 1994.

Seiler-Baldinger, Annemarie. Textiles: A Classification of Tech- niques. Copublished with Crawford House Publishers. January 1995.

Thorp, Nigel, ed. Whistler on Art: Selected Letters and Writings, 1849-1903. of James McNeill Whistler. Copublished with Car- canet Press. December 1994.

Trimble, William E. From Airships to Airbus: The History of Civil Aviation. Volume 2: Pioneers and Operations. April 1995.

Tucker, G., M. Heath, L. Tomialojc, and R. Grimmett. Bzrds in Europe: Thetr Conservation Status. Distributed for BirdLife International. July 1995.

Van Tilburg, Jo Anne. Easter Island: Archaeology. Ecology, and Culture. Copublished with British Museum Press. January 1995.

Voss, Frederick S. Majestic in His Wrath: A Pictorial Life of Frederick Douglass. Copublished with the National Portrait Gallery. February 1995.

Wagner, Warren L., and V. A. Funk, eds. Hawatian Brogeogra- phy: Evolution on a Hot Spot. June 1995.

Waller, Gregory A. Mazn Street Amusements: Movies and Commer- cial Entertainment in a Southern City, 1896-1930. April 1995. Weil, Scephen E. A Cabinet of Curiosities: Inquiries into Museums

and Their Prospects. March 1995.

Yamba, C. Bawa. Permanent Pilgrims: The Role of Pilgrimage in the Lives of West African Muslims in Sudan. Copublished with Edinburgh University Press. June 1995.

Young, Edward M. Aerial Nationalism: A History of Aviation in Thailand. October 1994.

Smithsonian Institution Books

Conaway, James. The Smithsonian: 150 Years of Adventure. Discov- ery, and Wonder. A profusely illustrated history of the Institution's first century and a half August 1995.

The Smithsonian Guides to Natural America. A 16-volume series companion set to the highly successful Smzthsonian Guides to Historic America

Exploring the Ancient World. The last 3 titles in the 8-part se- ries. Copublished with St. Remy Press.

Smithsonian Recordings

Great American Orchestras series. New titles in the series are Philadelphia Orchestra/Eugene Ormandy and New York Philharmonic: 1940-1954. Compilation and notes by Richard Freed.

Old Time Radio series. Four different boxed sets:

The Cinnamon Bear, A Classic Children's Story (5-CD/5-cas- sette set). Contains 26 original radio episodes of the magi- cal adventures of Judy and Jimmy Barton and the Cinnamon Bear through Maybeland.

Let's Pretend (4-CD/4-cassette). 12 adventures from “radio's outstanding children’s theater.”

Science Fiction (4-CD/4-cassette set). 10 classic radio shows of the science fiction genre including H. G. Wells’ “War of the Worlds”.

The Stan Freberg Show. 7 complete radio shows from Freberg’s famed 1957 CBS radio series.

Big Band Renaissance: Big Band Jazz from the 40s to the 90s. 5-CD/5-cassette boxed set. Compiled with notes and annota- tions by Bill Kirchner.

155

Mean Old World: The Blues From 1940 to 1994. 4-CD/4-cassette boxed set. Compiled with notes and annotations by Law- rence Hoffman.

Hot Jazz On Blue Note. 4-CD/4-cassette boxed set. Compiled with notes and annotations by Dan Morgenstern.

Smithsonian Video Division

The Earth Is Our Mother. Vand II.

Now, A Moment on Earth.

Smithsonian Expedition. Two programs.

Smithsonian World. A 12-tape collection: The Wyeths: A Father and His Family; The Living Constitution; Zoo: Web of Life; The Vever Affair; Tales of the Human Dawn; Nigerian Art—Kin- dred Spirits; The Quantum Universe: Gender: The Enduring Par- adox; From Information to Wisdom: A Certain Age: The Doors of Perception.

Federal Series Publications Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology

37. Chang-su Houchins. “Artifacts of Diplomacy: Smithson- ian Collections from Commodore Mathew Perry's Japan Ex- pedition (1853—1854).” 155 pages, 143 figures, 2 maps. (31 May 1995)

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology

79. Nigel C. Hughes. “Ontogeny, Intraspecific Variation, and Systematics of the Lace Cambrian Trilobite Drkelocephalus.” 89 pages, 47 figures, 11 plates, 27 tables. (29 November 1994)

81. Alexandre F. Bannikov and James C. Tyler. “Phylogenetic Revision of the Fish Families Luvaridae and +Kushlukiidae (Acanthuroidei), with a New Genus and Two New Species of Eocene Luvarids.” 45 pages, 20 figures. (18 May 1995)

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

552. Karl V. Krombein and Wojciech J. Pulawski. “Biosyste- matic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, XX: A Revision of Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, with Notes on Other Oriental Spe- cies (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae).” 106 pages, 257 figures. (16 November 1994)

555. R. Daniel Bricefio and William G. Eberhard. “The Func- tional Morphology of Male Cerci and Associated Characters in 13 Species of Tropical Earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae, Labiidae, Carcinophoridae, Pygidicranidae).” 63 pages, 98 figures, I table. (17 March 1995)

557- Stephen D. Cairns. “Scleractinia of the Temperate North Pacific.” 150 pages, 3 figures, 42 plates, 5 tables. (18 October 1994)

156

559. Colin Patterson and G. David Johnson. “The Intermuscu- lar Bones and Ligaments of Teleostean Fishes.” 85 pages, 16 figures, 2 plates, 8 tables. (20 April 1995)

560. Nancy E. Adams and Robert E. Lewis. “An Annotated Catalog of Primary Types of Siphonaptera in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.” 86 pages. (4 January 1995)

562. Louis S. Kornicker. “Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of the SE Australian Contnental Slope, Part 2." 97 pages, 54 figures, 2 tables. (12 April 1995)

563. Alessandra R. Baptista and Wayne N. Mathis. “A Revi- sion of New World Cyamops Melander (Diptera: Peri- scelididae).” 25 pages, 59 figures, 1 table. (29 November 1994)

564. Richard P. Vari. “The Neotropical Fish Family Ctenoluciidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes): Supra and Intrafamilial Phylogenetic Relationships, with a Revisionary Study.” 97 pages, 51 figures, 12 tables. (6 April 1995)

565. Victor G. Springer and Jeffrey T. Williams. “The Indo-West Pacific Blenniid Fish Genus Istzblennius Reappraised: A Revision of Istzblennius, Blenniella, and Paralticus. New Genus.” 193 pages, 73 figures, 45 cables. (29 November 1994)

566. David G. Smith. “Catalog of Type Specimens of Recent Fishes in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 6: Anguilliformes, Saccopharyngiformes, and Notacanthiformes (Teleostei: Elopomorpha).” 50 pages. (19 December 1994)

567. Wayne N. Mathis. “Studies of Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), VI: A Revision of the Genus G/enanthe Hali- day, from the New World.” 26 pages, 59 figures. (10 Janu- ary 1995)

568. Louis S. Kornicker and Thomas M. Iliffe. “Ostracoda (Halocypridina, Cladocopina) from an Anchialine Lava Tube in Lanzarote, Canary Islands.” 32 pages, 16 figures, 1 table. (12 April 1995)

569. C. Allan Child. “Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, XI: Collections from the Aleutians and Other Bering Sea Islands, Alaska.” 30 pages, 10 figures.

(12 April 1995)

570. Rafael Lemaitre. “A Review of the Hermit Crabs of the Genus Xy/opagurus A. Milne Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), Including Descrip- tions of Two New Species.” 27 pages, 17 figures.

(20 April 1995)

571. Mario C.C. de Pinna and Richard P. Vari. “Monophyly and Phylogenetic Diagnosis of the Family Cetopsidae, with Synonymization of the Helogenidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes).” 26 pages, 20 figures. (12 April 1995)

572. Cynthia Gust Ahearn. “Catalog of the Type Specimens of Seastars Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.”

59 pages. (26 April 1995)

Publications for Museums, Bureaus, and Related Organizations

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Calendar of events. Published three times a year.

National Museum of African Art. Brochure reprint. August 199s.

National Museum of African Arc. Calendar of events. Pub- lished three times a year.

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. Let's Go. Bulle- tin. Published twice a year.

Office of Fellowships and Grants. Fellowships in Residence at the Smithsonian Institution. Poster. September 1994.

Office of Fellowships and Grants. Smithsonian Opportunities for Research and Study. Booklet. August 1993.

Office of the Secretary. Regents’ Bylaws, July 1995.

1§7

Publications of the Staff of the Smithsonian Institution and Its Subsidiaries in Fiscal Year 1995

Sciences

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Alexander, Ingrid C. “Technical Studies and the Field of Conservation.” Study Series, June, 1995, 17-18.

Baker, Mary T. “Ancient Mexican Rubber Artifacts and Modern American Spacesuits: Studies in Crystallization and Oxidation.” Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IV. edited by Pamela B. Vandiver, J. R. Druzik, J.L.G. Madrid, I. C. Freestone, G. S. Wheeler, pp. 223-232 Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Series 352 Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society, 1995.

. “Conservation Issues for Modern Materials.” In

Preserving the Recent Past, edited by D. Slaton and R. A. Shiffer, pp. IV/11-IV/18 Washington, DC: Historic Preservation Education Foundation, 1995.

. “Lifetime Predictions for Polyurethane-Based Recording Media Binders: Determination of the 'Shelf-Life’ of Videotape Collections.” In Resins: Ancient and Modern, edited by M. M. Wright and J. H. Townsend, pp. 106—110 Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Conservation and

Restoration, 1995.

. “Thermal Studies on Ancient and Modern Rubber: Environmental Information Contained in Crystallised Rubber.” In Resins: Ancient and Modern, edited by M. M. Wright and J. H. Townsend, pp. 53-56 Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Conservation and Restoration, 1995.

Ballard, Mary W. “Mechanical Properties: Preview and Review,” Textile Conservation Newsletter, no. 28 (Spring,

1995): 14-28.

158

Beaubien, Harriet F. “’Low Tech’ Methods for Characterizing Materials in the Field.” Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IV, edited by Pamela B. Vandiver, J. R. Druzik, J.L.G. Madrid, I. C. Freestone, G. S. Wheeler, pp. 641-652 Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Series 352 Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society, 1995.

. Summaries of “Discussion #1,” “Discussion #2” and

“Discussion #3.” In Loss Compensation: Technical and Philosophical Issues, compiled by Ellen Pearlstein and Michele Marincola, Proceedings of the Objects Specialty Group Session, 10 June 1994, 22nd Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN, Washington, D.C.: American Institute for Conservation, 1995, pp. 35-37, 72 and 122.

Becker, Mary A., P. Willman, and Noreen C. Tuross. “The U.S. First Ladies Gowns: A Biochemical Study of Silk Preservation.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 34, 2, 141-152, 1995.

Bishop, Ronald L. “Pre-Columbian Pottery: Research in the Maya Region.” In Archaeometry of Pre-Columbian Sites and Artifacts, edited by D. A. Scott and P. Meyers, Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1994, pp. I5—55-

. “Analisis de composicion de la ceramica en el sur de America Central.” Vinculos, (Costa Rica), 18(I—2), 19(1-2), PP. 9-30.

Bishop, Ronald L., and Marilyn P. Beaudry. “Appendix B, Chemical Compositional Analysis of Southeastern Maya Ceramics.” In The Copan Restdential Zone, by G. R. Willey, R. M. Leventhal, A. A. Demarest, and W. L. Fash, Jr. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and

Ethnology, vol. 80. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1994, PP. 407-444.

Bocherens, H., M. Fogel, Noreen C. Tuross, and M. Zeder. “Preservation of Trophic Structure and Climatic Information Through Signatures in Fossil Mammals from a Pleistocene Cave in Southern England,” Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, 2, 327-345, 1995.

Butterfield, Dale, and Pamela B. Vandiver. “Microdots as a Means of Marking and Tracking Artifacts.” In Materials Issues tn Art and Archaeology IV, edited by Pamela B. Vandiver, J. R. Druzik, J.L.G. Madrid, I. C. Freestone,

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Crane, Brian D., M. James Blackman, and Pamela B. Vandiver. “Continuity, Adaptation and Resistance: The Cultural Contexts of the Manufacture, Distribution, and Use of African-American Pottery in Eighteenth Century Charleston, South Carolina.” In Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IV, edited by Pamela B. Vandiver, J. R. Druzik, J.L.G. Madrid, I. C. Freestone, G. S. Wheeler, pp. 539-552 Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Series 352 Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society, 1995.

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Erhardt, W. David, and Marion F. Mecklenburg. “Accelerated vs Natural Aging: Effect of Aging Conditions on the Aging Process of Paper.” In Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IV, edited by Pamela B. Vandiver, J. R. Druzik, J.L.G. Madrid, I. C. Freestone, G. S. Wheeler, pp. 247-270 Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Series 352 Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society, 1995.

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Evershed, R. P., G. Turner-Walker, R.E.M. Hedges, Noreen C. Tuross, and A. Leyden. “Preliminary Results for the Analysis of Lipids in Ancient Bone.” Journal of Archaeological Science. 22, 2, 277-290, 1995.

Foias, Antonia E., and Ronald L. Bishop. “El colapso Clasico Maya y las vijillas de pasta fina en la region de Petexbatun.” In VII Szzmposio de Investigaciones Arqueologicas en Guatemala 1993, edited by J. P. Laporte and J. L. Escobedo. Guatemala City: Museo Nacional de Arqueologia y Etnologia, 1994, pp. 563-586.

Gayle, Frank W., and Martha Goodway. “Precipitation Hardening in the First Aerospace Aluminum: the Wright Flyer Crankcase.” Sczence 266 (Number 5187, 11 November 1994): abstract 949, text 1015-1017, illustration 947.

Gilman, Patrica A., Veletta Canouts, and Ronald L. Bishop. “The Production and Distribution of Classic Mimbres Black-on-White Pottery.” American Antiquity 59, (1994): 695-709.

Goodway, Martha. “Comment on Sharp and Mittrwede’s ‘Was Kestel really the source of tin for ancient bronze?,””

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Grissom, Carol A. “The Conservation of Outdoor Zinc Sculpture.” In Ancient and Historic Metals, edited by David A. Scott, Jerry Podany, and Brian B. Considine, pp. 279— 304. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1994.

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Harbottle, Garman, Hector Neff, and Ronald L. Bishop. “Appendix C, The Sources of Copan Valley Obsidian.” In The Copan Residential Zone, by G. R. Willey, R. M. Leventhal, A. A. Demarest, and W. L. Fash, Jr. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, vol.

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Klein, Elyse, Jia-sun Tsang, and Mary T. Baker. “Noninstrumental Methods for the Characterization of Arust’s Acrylic Paints.” In Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 23rd Annual Meeting, St. Paul. MN. Washington, D.C.: American Institute for Conservation, 1995, p. 77.

Lange, Frederick. W., and Ronald L. Bishop. “Abstraction and Jade Exchange in Precolumbian Southern Mesoamerica and Lower Central America: Costa Rican Considerations.” The Bulletin of the Friends of Jade, pp. 105-124. (Reprinted from original 1988 publication).

Levine, Tim, Pamela B. Vandiver, and James W. Mayer. “A Forward Recoil Energy Spectroscopy (FRES) Test of Hydrogen Reduction as a Strategy for Firing of Chinese Ceramics.” In Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IV. edited by Pamela B. Vandiver, J. R. Druzik, J.L-G. Madrid, I. C. Freestone, G. S. Wheeler, pp. 167-186 Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Series 352 Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society, 1995.

McCarthy, Blythe, Pamela B. Vandiver, and M. Gibson. “Innovation and Continuity in the Technology of Southwest Asian Monochrome Blue Glazes.” The Ceramics Cultural Heritage, edited by P. Vincenzini, CIMTEC Conference Proceedings, Florence, Italy, July 1994, Faenza: Techna (1995) pp. 207-220.

Mecklenburg, Marion F., Charles $. Tumosa, and Mark H. McCormick-Goodhart, “A General Model Relating Externally Applied Forces to Environmentally Induced Stresses in Materials.” In Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IV. edited by Pamela B. Vandiver, J. R. Druzik, J.L.G. Madrid, I. C. Freestone, G. S. Wheeler, pp. 285-292

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Minc, L. D., M. G. Hodge, and M. James Blackman. “Stylistic

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Pena, J. T., and M. James Blackman. “A Neutron Activation Study of Plio-Pleistocene Marine Clays from West Central Italy: Compositional Variability and Implications for the Proveniencing of Italian Fineware Pottery.” In ut European Workshop on Archaeological Ceramics, edited by F. Burragato, O. Grubessi, and L. Lazzarini, Departimento di Scienza della Terra, University of Roma, Rome, 1994, pp. 313-321.

Petraglia, M. D., R. B. Potts, and Pamela B. Vandiver, “Analyses Techniques de Deus 'Mortiers’ du Paleolighique Superieur de la Madeleine, Dordogne, France,” L’Anthropologre. (Paris) 98/4 (1995) pp. 674-682, 18 (2) April—June 1995, 1.

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Vandiver, Pamela B. “The Ash Glazes of Jack Troy.” In Wood-Fired Stoneware and Porcelain by Jack Troy, Radnor, PA: Chilton Book Co., 1995, pp. 155-160.

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Vandiver, Pamela B., McG. Gibson, and A. McMahon. “Glass Manufacture in the Late Third Millennium B.C. at Nippur in Iraq.” In The Ceramics Cultural Heritage, edited by P. Vincenzini, CIMTEC Conference Proceedings, Florence, Italy, July 1994, Techna, Faenza 1995, pp. 331-342.

Vandiver, Pamela B., and Olga Soffer. “Chapter 4. The Ceramics.” In Pavlov I: Excavations 1952-53, edited by Jiri Svoboda, Etudes et Recherches Archeologiques de LUniversite de Liege, The Dolni Vestonice Studies, 2, 1994,

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Vandiver, Pamela B., and Charles S. Tumosa. “Xeroradiographic Imaging.” In American Journal of Archaeology. 99 (1995) 121-124, included in “Science in Archaeology: A Review” by Patrick E. McGovern, pp. 79-142.

Vazquez, L., R., F W. Lange, J. W. Hoopes, O. Fonseca Z., R. Gonzalez R., A. C. Arias, Ronald L. Bishop, Nathalie Borgnino, A. Constenla U., F. Corrales U., E. Espinoza P., L. A. Fletcher, J. V. Guerrero M., V. Lauthelin, D. Rigart,

S. Salgado G., R. Salgado G. “Hacia futuras investigaciones en Gran Nicoya.” Vinculos, (Costa Rica), 18(I-2), 19(1—2), 1994, pp. 245-278.

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Bannikoy, A., and J.C. Tyler. 1994. Revision of the Eocene fish family Exelliidae (Perciformes). Paleontologitchesky Journal (Moscow), 1994(3):103—113.

Bannikov, A., and J.C. Tyler. 1995. Phylogenetic revision of the fish families Luvaridae and +Kushlukiidae (Acanthuroidei), with a new genus and two new species of Eocene luvarids. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 81:1-45.

Matsuura, K., and J.C. Tyler. 1994. Triggerfishes and their allies. Pages 229-233 in: J.R. Paxton and W.N. Eschmeyer, editors, Encyclopedia of Fishes. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, 240 pages.

Tyler, J.C., and B-E. Luckhurst. 1994. Unusual features of the colonies of the common western Atlantic garden eel (Heterocongrinae), with a new record for Bermuda. Northeast Gulf Science. 13(2):89—100.

Department of Anthropology

Afable, Patricia. 1995. “The Peoples Of Eduardo Masferré’s Photographs” Discovery. 25(2):10-19.

Archambault, JoAllyn. 1994. “Mining the Museum” review in exhibit brochure by same name, Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society.

. 1995. “Collaboration and Multiple Points of View” in

The Grapevine April, News from the Smithsonian Forum on

Material Culture, Washington.

. 1995. “Wounded Knee” in The World Book Encyclopedia, Chicago: World Book Publishing. Arnoldi, Mary Jo. 1994. “Political and Social Community in

Sogobk Nasquerades ub Mali,” pp. 39-49 Africa Today.

. 1995. “Playing With Time: Youth Masquerade Theatre” in Central Mal: Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Arnoldi, Mary Jo and Chris Mullen. 1995. Crowning Achievements: African Arts of Dressing the Head Los Angeles: Fowler Museum of Cultural History.

Baccino, Eric, Sheilagh T. Brooks, and Douglas H. Ubelaker. 1995. “Forensic Anthropology Workshops in Brest, France.” Proceedings of the American Association of Forensic Sciences 1:173-174.

Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Richard Ports, Thomas W. Plummer, L. Tauxe, and T. Jorstad. 1995. “Stratigraphy, Chronology, and Paleoenvironments of the Pleistocene Locality of Kanjera, Western Kenya” Journal of Human Evolution.

Berman, Tressa L. and J. Daniel Rogers. 1995. “Sahnish (Arikara)” in Encyclopedia of the American Indian. Houghton Mifflin

Bovee, D.L. 1994 and Douglas W. Owsley. 1994. “Evidence of Warfare at the Heerwald site,” pp. 355-362 in Sheletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration. Warfare, Health and Subsistence. Douglas W. Owsley and R.L. Jantz (eds.) Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

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Buikstra, J.E. and D.H. Ubelaker (eds.) 1994. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. 44, Fayetteville, AR. Owsley: Rationale and Scoring Procedures for Skeletal Inventory, (Chapter 2, pp. 5-9); Measurement of Adult Remains (Chapter 7, pp. 69-84); plus contributions to Paleopathology and Recording Taphonomic Changes.

Crocker, William. 1995. “Canela (Central Brazil),” pp. 94-98 in Encyclopedia of World Cultures Johannes Wilbert (South America, ed.) New York: G.K. Hall & Co.

. 1995. “Canela Relationships with Ghosts: This-Worldly or Other Worldly Empowerment” Latin American Anthropology Review 5(2):17—22.

Ellwood, B.B., D.W. Owsley, S.H. Ellwood and P.A. Mercado-Allinger. 1994. “Search for the Grave of the

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. 1994. “Forward,” pp. vii—x in Reckoning with the Dead. The Larsen Bay Repartiation and the Smithsonian Institution Tamara Bray and Thomas Killion (eds.) Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

. 1994. Preliminary field Report for 1994: “Living Yamal” project and Archeological Survey of the Siberian Arctic.

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. 1995. “Ancestral Times,” pp.36—47 in Crossroads

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Goddard, Ives. 1994. “The West-to-East Cline in Algonquian Dialectology,” pp. 187-211 in Papers of the Twenty-Fifth Algonquian Conference William Cowan (ed.) Ottawa: Carleton University.

. 1995. “Regarding Native American Pronouns,”

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Greene, Candace and T. Drescher. 1995. “The Tipi with Battle Pictures: The Kiowa Tradition of Intangible Property Rights.” Trademark Reporter 84(4):418—-433.

Greene, Margaret E. and William Crocker. 1994. “Some Demographic Aspects of the Canela Indians of Brazil” South American Indian Studies 4:47—62.

Hollimon, S.E. and D.W. Owsley. 1994. “Osteology of the Fay Tolton site: Implications for Warfare during the Initial Middle Missouri Variant,” pp. 345-353 in Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration. Warfare, Health and Subsistence. D.W. Owsley and R.L. Jantz (eds.). Washington:

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Hull-Walski, Deborah, and Frank L. Walski. 1994. “There's Trouble a’Brewin’: The Brewing and Bottling Industries at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia” in An Archaeology of Harpers Ferry’s Commercial and Residential District Paul A. Shackel and Susan E. Winter (eds.) Historical Archaeology 28(4).

Jantz, R.L. and D.W. Owsley. 1994. White traders in the Upper Missouri: evidence from the Swan Creek site, pp. 189-201 in Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration, Warfare. Health and Subsistence, D.W. Owsley and R.L. Jantz (eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Jantz, R.L. and D.W. Owsley. 1994. Growth and dental development in Arikara children, pp. 247-258 in Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration, Warfare. Health and Subsistence, D.W. Owsley and R.L. Jantz (eds.). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Kaeppler, Adrienne. 1994 Dance and Dress as Sociopolitical Discourse. Proceedings of the Study Group on Ethnochoreology 17th Symposium. Nafplion. Greece. 2-10 July 1992. Nafplion, Greece: Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation, pp. 45-51.

. 1994. “Die ethnographischen Sammlungen der

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. 1995. “Poetics and Politics of Tongan Barkcloth,” pp. loI—121 in Pacific Material Culture Dirk A. M. Smidt, Pieter ter Keurs, and Albert Trouwborst (eds.) Leiden:

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. 1995. “Visible and Invisible in Hawaiian Dance,” pp. 31-43 in Human Action Signs in Cultural Context. The Visible and The Invisible in Movement and Dance Brenda Farnell (ed.) Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press.

. 1995. “Theoretical and Methodological

Considerations in the Study of Dance in Omani Folklore,” pp. 37-66 in The Complete documents of the International Symposium on the Traditional Music in Oman Issam E|-Mallah (ed.) Muscat and Wilhelmshaven: Oman Centre for Traditional Music; Florian Noetzel Verlag, Heinrichshofen-Books.

Kreamer, Christine Mullen. 1995. “Transformation and Power In Moba (Northern Togo) Initiation Rites” Africa 65(1):56-78.

Krech, S., III, and W.C. Sturtevant. 1995. “The Uses of Ethnographic Records,” pp. 85—94 in Preserving the Anthropological Record. 2nd ed., S. Silverman and N.J. Parezo (eds.) New York: Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research.

Laughlin, Robert M. 1995. “From All For All: A Tzotzil-Tzeltal Tragicomedy” American Anthropologist. 97(3):528-542.

Ledergerber-Crespo, Paulina. l995. “Factores Geograficos en la Localizacion de Sitios Arqueologicos: El Caso de Morona-Santiago, Ecuador,” pp. 341-375 in Cultura y Medto Ambiente en el Area Andina Septentrional. Mercedes Guinea, Jean-Francois Bouchard and Jorge Marcos (editors). Quito: Ediciones ABYA-YALA.

Mann, R.W., D.W. Owsley, and K.J. Reinhard. 1994. “Otitis media, mastoiditis, and infracranial lesions in two Plains Indian children,” pp. 131-146 in Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration. Warfare. Health and Subsistence, D.W. Owsley and R.L. Jantz (eds.). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Marino, Cesare. 1994. “Reservations” in Natrve America in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia Mary B. Davis (ed.) New York: Garland.

1995. The Stoux Vocabulary 1823 in the Archivio Beltrami of Count C. Luchetti. Filottrano, Italy Kendall Park, N.J.: Lakota Books.

Meggers, Betty. 1994. “Archeological Evidence for the Impact

of Mega-Nifio Events on Amazonia During the Past Two Millennia” Climatic Change 28:321-338.

. 1994. “Archaeology: South America” Handbook of Latin American Studies 53:82-111.

. 1994. “Biogeographical approaches to

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. 1995. “Archaeological Perspectives on the Potential of Amazonia for Intensive Exploitation,” pp. 68—93 in The Fragile Tropics of Latin America Toshie Nishizawa and Juha I. Uitto (eds.) Tokyo: United Nations University Press.

Owsley, Douglas. 1994. “Anthropological studies of historic burials in the United States” Thanos 14: 39-41. Reprinting of an article published in The Dzrector.

. 1994. “Warfare in Coalescent tradition populations of

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Great Plains: Migration, Warfare, Health and Subsistence,

D.W. Owsley and R.L. Jantz (eds.). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. . 1995. Broarchaeology on a Battlefield: The Abortive

Confederate Campaign in New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

. 1995. “Bones from Historic Period Burials: A Window on the Past. Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Virginia 50(1):9-16.

- 1995. “Contributions of Bioarchaeological Research

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Owsley, Douglas, G.W. Gill and $.D. Ousley. 1994. “Biological effects of European contact on Easter Island,” pp. 161-177 in In the Wake of Contact: Biological Responses to Conquest C. Larsen and G. Milner (eds.) New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Owsley, Douglas W. and R.L. Jantz. 1994. “An Integrative Approach to Great Plains Skeletal Biology,” pp. 3-8 in Skeletal Biology tn the Great Plains: Migration. Warfare. Health and Subsistence, D.W. Owsley and R.L. Jantz (eds.) Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Owsley, D.W. and R.L. Jantz (eds.). 1994. Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration, Warfare, Health and Subsistence. Smithsonian Institution Press.

Owsley, D.W., R.W. Mann, and T.G. Baugh. 1994. “Culturally Modified Human Bones from the Edwards I Site,” pp. 363-375 in Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration, Warfare. Health and Subsistence D.W. Owsley and R.L. Jantz (eds.). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Owsley, Douglas, D.H. Ubelaker, M.M. Houck, K.L. Sandness, W.E. Grant, E.A. Craig, T.J. Wolcanski and N. Peerwani. 1995. “The role of forensic anthropology in the recovery and analysis of Branch Davidian compound victims: techniques of analysis” Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(3):341-348.

Petraglia, M., and R. Potts. 1994. “Water flow and the Formation of Lower Paleolithic Sites in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13: 228-254.

Pinsky, Valerie and Allison Wylie (eds.). 1995. Critical Traditions in Contemporary Archaeology: Essays in the Philosophy, History and Socio-Poltztics of Archaeology Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 160 pp.

Plummer, Thomas W., A.M. Kinyua, and R. Potts. 1994. “Provenancing of Hominid and Mammalian Fossils from Kanjera, Kenya, Using EDXRF. Journal of Archaeological Science 21:553-563.

Plummer, Thomas W. and R. Potts. 1995. “The Hominid Fossil Sample from Kanjera, Kenya: Description, Provenance and Implications of New and Earlier discoveries” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 96:

7-23.

163

Potts, Richard. 1994. “Variables vs. models of early Pleistocene hominid land use” Journal of Human Evolution 27: 7-24.

. 1995. Human Origin: An Ecological Genesis William

Morrow & Co.

. 1995. New articles on Kanjera, Olorgesailie, and

Landscape Archaeology. In Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory. 2nd Ed., I. Tattersall, E. Delson, J.A. Van Couvering, and A.S. Brooks, eds., Garland, New York.

Potts and A. Deino, 1995, Mid-Pleistocene change in large mammal faunas of the southern Kenya rift, Quaternary Research 43:106-113.

Potts, Richard, T. Jorstad, and D. Cole. 1995. “The Role of GIS in Interdisciplinary Investigations at Olorgesailie, Kenya, a Pleistocene Archeological Locality” in The Anthropology of Human Behavior through Geographic Information and Analysts, Maschner, H., and M. Aldenderfer (eds.).

Rogers, J. Daniel. 1994. A Chronology of Native North Americans Before 1500. In The Native North American Almanac: A Reference Work on Native North Americans in the United States and Canada. Duane Champagne (ed.) Detroit: Gale Research.

. 1994. A Look Back at the 1994 Annual Meeting. SAA Bulletin 12(3):14-15.

Rogers, J. Daniel and Bruce Smith (eds.) 1995. Mussrssippian Communities and Households University of Alabama Press. Rose, Carolyn L. 1995. “A Preventive Conservation Approach

to Storage in Natural History Collections,” pp. I-24 in Storage of Natural History Collections: Basic Concepts. C.L. Rose, C. Hawks, and H. Genoways (eds.) Pittsburgh: Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections.

Rose, Carolyn L., C. Hawks, and H. Genoways (eds.) 1995. Storage of Natural History Collections: Basic Concepts. Pittsburgh: Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, 356 pp.

Scherer, Joanna C. 1995. “Ethnographic Photography in Anthropological Research,” pp. 201-216 in Principles of Visual Anthropology. Paul Hockings (ed.) New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

. 1995. “The Flag in American Indian Art,” in American Anthropologist. 97 (1): 156.

Shafer, H.J., J.-E. Dockall, D.W. Owsley and T'S. Ellzey. 1994. “The Canyon Creek site (410C13): a component of the

Southern Plains equestrian nomad archeological complex” Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 62:285—333. Singleton, Theresa. 1994. “The African-American Legacy Beneath Our Feet,” pp. 33-40 in African-American Historical Places Beth Savage (ed.) Washington: Preservation Press. . 1995. “An Archaeological Perspective on African

American Artistic Production” The International Review. of African American Art. 12(3):24-30.

. 1995. “The Archaeology of Slavery in North America.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24::119-140.

Singleton, Theresa, and Mark Bograd. 1995. “The Archaeology of the African Diaspora.” Guides to the Archaeological

164

Literature of the Immigrant Experience in America. Number 2, Society Historical Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona, 87 pp. Smith, Bruce. 1994. The Emergence of Agriculture. W.H. Freeman and Company (Scientific American Books). . 1995. “The Analysis of Single Household

Mississippian Settlements,” in Messzssippian Communities and Households. University of Alabama Press. . 1995. “The Origins of Agriculture in the Americas.”

Evolutionary Anthropology 3:174-184.

Solomon, Gail, Carl Hansen, and Laurie Minor. 1995. Newton Collection (South American Ethnology Finding Guide) Washington: Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, (CD-ROM).

Stanford, Dennis J. 1994. Hannah Marie Wormington: Pioneer Archaeologist (Obituary). Monarch Society. Released to UPI/AP.

. 1995. “Foreward,” pp. vii—viii in The Public Trust and

the First Americans. R. Knudson and B. Keel (eds.) The

Center for the Study of the First Americans, Corvallis:

Oregon State University Press.

Stanford, Dennis J., John Broster, Mark Norton, C. Vance Haynes and Margaret Jodry. 1994. “Eastern Clovis Adaptations in the Tennessee River Valley.” Current Research in the Plezstocene, 11:12—-14.

Stanford, Dennis, Matthew Hill, and Vance Holliday. 1994. (with Matthew Hill and Vance Holliday) Reinvestigations at the San Jon Site, New Mexico. Current Research in the Pleistocene. 11:35—37.

. 1995. “A Further Evaluation of the San Jon Site, New Mexico.” Plains Anthropologist 40(15).

Taylor, Paul. (ed.) 1994. Fragile Traditions: Indonesian Art in Jeopardy Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Taylor, Paul. 1994. “Introduction,” pp. I-12 in Fragile Traditions: Indonesian Art in Jeopardy. Paul Taylor (ed.) Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

. 1994. “Tobelo Kin, Spouses, and In-Laws,” Special edition (“Terbitan Khusus”) Baletin LEKNAS Jakarta:

Indonesian Institute of Sciences 3(1):121-146.

. 1995. “Collecting Icons of Power and Identity,” in Cultural Dynamics 7(1):101-124.

. 1995. “Eduardo Masferré, Photographer Of Highland Luzon,” in Discovery 25(2):2-9.

. 1995. “Introduction,” pp. iv—v in Artifacts of

Diplomacy: Smithsonian Collections from Commodore Matthew Perry's Japan Expedition (1853 — 1854). Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology no. 37, Washington:

Smithsonian Institution Press.

. 1995. “Introduction/Avant-propos,” pp. 9-10 & pp-13-14 in Itchiku Tsujigahana, Itchiku Kubota (ed.) Arlington: Virginia Lithograph.

. 1995. “Introduction: Island Southeast Asia,” pp. 13-20 in Art of Island Southeast Asia. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

. 1995 “Introduction: Perspectives on the Gift in Indonesia and Beyond,” pp. 1-14 in The Gift As Material

Culture. Patricia Thatcher, Paul Taylor and Cynthia Hoover (eds.) New Haven: Yale-Smithsonian Seminar on Material Culture.

Thatcher, Patricia, Paul Taylor, and Cynthis Hoover (eds.). 1995. The Gift As Material Culture. New Haven: Yale-Smithsonian Seminar on Material Culture.

Ubelaker, Douglas H. 1994. “Cranial Photographic Superimposition. Chapter 27C,” pp. 27C1 to 27C39 in Forensic Sczences, Volume 2.

. 1994. “What is Forensic Anthropology?” Anthropology Newsletter 35(8):19—20.

- 1995. “Biological Research with Archaeologically Recovered Human Remains from Ecuador: Methodological Issues,” pp. 181-197 in Archaeology in the Lowland American Tropics. Current Analytical Methods and Recent Applications. Peter W. Stahl (ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

- 1995. “Historic Cemetery Analysis: Practical Considerations,” pp. 37-48 in Bodies of Evidence. Anne L. Grauer (ed.) New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

- 1995. “Latest Developments in Skeletal Biology and

Forensic Anthropology,” pp. 91-106 in Brological Anthropology. The State of the Science. Noel T. Boaz and Linda D. Wolfe (eds.) Corvalis: Oregon State University Press.

- 1995. “Osteological and Archival Evidence for Disease in Historic Quito, Ecuador,” pp. 223-239 in Grave Reflections, Portraying the Past through Cemetery Studies, Shelley R. Saunders and Ann Herring, Editors, Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc.

Ubelaker, Douglas and Carl H. Jacobs. 1995. “Identification of Orthopedic Device Manufacturer. Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 168-170.

1995. “Identification of Orthopaedic Device Manufacturer.” Proceedings of the American Association of Forensic Sciences 1:165.

Douglas H. Ubelaker, Douglas W. Owsley, Max M. Houck, Emily Craig, William Grant, Theresa Woltanski, Robert Fram, Kari Sandness, and Nizam Peerwani. 1995. “The Role of Forensic Anthropology in the Recovery and Analysis of Branch Davidian Compound Victims: Recovery Procedures and Characteristics of the Victims.” Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(3):335-340.

Vandiver, Pamela B., Michael D. Petraglia, and Richard B. Potts. 1994. “Analyses Techniques De Deux "MORTIERS," L’Anthropologie, Paris 98(4):674-682.

Zeder, Melinda. 1994. “Of Kings and Shepherds: Specialized Animal Economy in Ur III Mesopotamia,” pp. 175-191 in Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity G. Stein and M. Rothman (eds.) Madison: Prehistory Press.

. 1994. “Repatriation at the National Museum of Natural History, Present and Future,” pp. 166-174 in Reckoning with the Dead. Tamara L. Bray and Thomas Killion (eds.) Washington: Smithsonian Institution

Press.

. 1994. “A Decade in the Life of a Museum Archaeologist.” American Anthropological Association Newsletter 34(6):24-26.

. 1994. “New Perspectives on Agricultural Origins in the Ancient Near East. AnthroNotes 16:1-7.

. 1995. “The Archaeobiology of the Khabur Basin” Bulletin of the Canadian Soctety for Mesopotamian Studies 29:21-32.

. “The Role of Pigs in Near Eastern Subsistence From the Vantage Point of the Southern Levant.” in Retrieving the Past: Essays on Archaeological Research and Methodology in Honor of Gus. Van Beek. J. D. Seger, and K. Mattingly (eds.) Cobb Institute of Archaeology.

. 1995. “Sheep and Goats.” Encyclopedia of Near Eastern Archaeology Eric M. Meyers (ed.) Oxford University Press. Zeder, Melinda and Susan Arter. 1995. “Animal Utilization in the Khabur Basin from the 8th to the 2nd Millennium

B.C.” Annales Archaeologiques Arabes Syriennes.

. 1995. “Changing Patterns of Animal Utilization at Ancient Gordion.” Pa/leorient.

. 1995. “Patterns of Meat Consumption and Bone Use in a Mississippian Village.” in Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology. E.J. Reitz, L.A. Newsom, and S.J. Scudder (eds.) Pullam Press.

Zhang Y. and R. Potts, 1994, Variation of the occipital torus. Acta Anthropologica Sinica 13(4): 285-293.

Department of Botany

Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. 1995. The effects of Hurricane Hugo and posterior recuperation in Toro Negro Forest, Puerto Rico. Acta Cientifica 6(1-3):15—42 8.

Ballantine, D.L. and J. N. Norris. 1994. Verdigellas. A New Deep-water Genus (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyta) from the Tropical Western Atlantic. Cryptogamic Botany 4: 368-372.

Bucher, K.B. and J. N. Norris. 1995. Marine Algae New to the Lesser Antilles, Including Mazoyerella kraftii sp. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodopyta). Caribbean Journal of Science 31(1-2):1-24.

DePriest, P. T. Phylogenetic analyses of the variable ribosomal DNA of the Cladonta chlorophaea complex. Cryptogamic Biology 5: 60-70. 1995.

Dorr, L. J. 1994. Review of: The Exropean Discovery of the Indian Flora by Ray Desmond. Brittonia 46(4): 372-373.

Dorr, L. J. (ed.). 1994. ASPT Newsletter 8(4): 1-36. {Traditional and electronic versions}.

Dorr, L. J. 1995. Review of: Pharmacopées de l’Ambongo et du Boina by E. Rakotobe et al. and Pharmacopée de l’Alaotra by

Z. Rabesa. Taxon 44(1): 117-118.

Dorr, L. J. 1995. Review of: Dictionnaire de Biographie Mauricienne by R. d’Unienville et al. Taxon 44(1): 119-120.

Dorr, L. J. (ed.). 1995. ASPT Newsletter 9(1): I-40. {Traditional and electronic versions].

Dorr, L. J. 1995. Buckley, Samuel Botsford (1809-1884).

Pp. 202-203, In, F. A. Stafleu and E. A. Mennega.

Taxonomic Literature. Supplement III: Br-Ca. Regnum Veg. 132: [i]—vi, I-550.

Dorr, L. J. 1995. Plant collecting along the lower Orinoco, Venezuela: H. H. Rusby and R. W. Squires (1896). Brittonia 47{1):I-20.

Dorr, L. J. 1995. Pyroloideae. Pp. 28-53. Iv. J. L. Luteyn (ed.), Ericaceae—Part II. The Superior-Ovaried Genera (Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Rhododendroideae, and Vaccinioideae p.p.). Flora Neotropica Monograph 66: {i]-iv, 1-538.

Dorr, L. J. (ed.). 1995. ASPT Newsletter 9(2): 41-72. {Traditional and electronic versions].

Dorr, L. J. 1995. Review of: Index of Garden Plants by M. Griffiths. ASPT Newsletter 9(2): 60-61.

Dorr, L. J. (ed.). 1995. ASPT Newsletter 9(3): 73-96. {Traditional and electronic versions].

Dorr, L. J. 1995. Review of: Electronic Style: A Guide to Citing Electronic Information by X. Li and N. B. Crane. Taxon 44(3): 478.

Dorr, L. J. 1994. The identity and neotypification of Endosterra Turcz. (Rhizophoraceae). Taxon 43(4): 639-640.

Dorr, L. J. 1994. A new name and a new combination in East African Erica (Ericaceae: Ericoideae). Novon 4(3): 220.

Evans, T. M., Faden, R. B. and K. J. Sytsma. 1995. A cladistic analysis of Commelinaceae based on morphological and rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany, 82(6), Supplement, 128-129.

Faden, R. B. 1995. Review of: Application of Botany in Horticulture. 4th ed. by A. Génin. ASPT Newsletter 9(2): 60.

Faden, R. B. 1995. Palisota flagelliflora (Commelinaceae), a new species from Cameroon with a unique habit. Novon 5: 246-251.

Faust, M.A. 1995. Benthic Toxic Dinoflagellates: An Overview. IN: Harmful Marine Algal Blooms. Lassus, P., Arzul, G., Erard, E., Gentien, P. and Marcaillou, C. {Eds.]. Lavoisier Science Publisher, Paris. pp. 847-854.

Faden, R. B. 1994. Commelinaceae. Pp. 303-309, in Agnew, A. D. Q. and S. Agnew, Upland Kenya Wild Flowers, 2nd ed. East Africa Natural History Society, Nairobi.

Faden, R. B. 1994. Pteridophytes. Pp. 9-39, zw Agnew, A. D. Q. and S. Agnew, Upland Kenya Wild Flowers, 2nd ed. East Africa Natural History Society, Nairobi.

Faust, M. A. and S.L. Morton. 1995. Morphology and ecology of the marine dinoflagellate Ostreopsis labens sp. nov. (Dinophyceae). J. Phycology 31: 456-463.

Faust, M. A. and K.A. Steidinger. 1995. Ecology of Benthic Dinoflagellates. IN: Harmful Marine Algal Blooms. Lassus, P., Arzul, G., Erard, E., Gentien, P. and Marcaillou, C. {Eds.}. Lavoisier Science Publisher, Paris. pp. 855-857.

Funk, V. A. and W. L. Wagner. 1995. Biogeography of seven ancient Hawaiian plant lineages: 7 W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk (eds.), Hawatian biogeography: Evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 160-194.

Funk, V. A. and W. L. Wagner. 1995. Biogeographic patterns in the Hawaiian Islands: 7 W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk

166

(eds.), Hawatian biogeography: Evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 379-419.

Funk, V. A. 1995. Cladistic methods: 77 W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk (eds.), Hawaiian biogeography: Evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 30-38.

Gargas, A., DePriest, P. T. and Taylor, J. W. 1995. Positions of multiple insertions in SSU rDNA of lichen-forming fungi. Molecular Biology and Evolution 12: 208-218.

Gargas, A., DePriest, P. T., Grube, M., and Tehler, A. 1995. Multiple origins of lichen symbioses in fungi suggested by SSU rDNA phylogenies. Science 268: 1492-1495. (Cover photograph)

Greuter, W., B. Zimmer, and D. H. Nicolson. 1995. Procedures and timetable for proposals to amend the International Code of botanical nomenclature. Taxon 44: 249-250.

Greuter, W. and D. H. Nicolson. 1995. Democracy and botanical nomenclature. Taxon 44: 85-86.

Hahn, W. J., K. J. Sytsma, E. A. Zimmer, and W. L. Wagner. 1995. Nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence phylogenetics of Oenothera (Onagraceae). Amer. J. Bot. Suppl. 82(6): 133. (Abstract)

Harris, E. and W. L. Wagner. 1995. Outgroup determination for the problematic genera Schredea and Alsinidendron (Alsinoideae: Caryophyllaceae) using floral ontogeny. Amer. J. Bor. Suppl. 82(6): 19. (Abstract)

King, Robert M. and H. Robinson. 1995. Generic limits in the Alomuinae (Eupatorieae—Asteraceae), and new combinations in Brickelliastrum and Barroetea. Phytologia 78(2):124—126.

King, Robert M. Paul C. Janske and David B. Lellinger. 1995. Cassini on Compositae III. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54:1-vi1+I—507.

King, Robert M. , Paul C. Janske and David B. Lellinger. 1994 Cassini on Compostttae II. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54:i—x1i+1I-198.

Kress, W.J. 1995. Phylogeny of Zingiberanae: morphology and molecules Pp.443—460 sm Rudall, P.J. Cribb, D. F. Cutler, and C.J. Humphries, eds. Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom.

Kvist, L. P. and Skog, L. E. 1994. New studies in the Gesneriaceae: The genus Co/umnea in Ecuador. The Gloxinian, 44(3): 16-24.

Lellinger, David B. 1955. Preparing and maintaining a herbqrium for personal use. Hardy Fern Found. News. 5:25, 28, 29.

Lewis, R.J., J. N. Norris, and J. W. Markham. 1994. In Memoriam: Michael Neushul, Jr. (1933-1993). Phycologia 33(3):206-212.

Littler, M.M. and D.S. Littler. 1995. Impact of CLOD pathogen on Pacific coral reefs. Science 267: 1356-1360 + Contents Photo.

Littler, M.M., D.S. Littler and P.R. Taylor. 1995. Selective herbivore increases biomass of its prey: a chiton-coralline reef-building association. Ecology. 76(5): 1661-1681.

Littler, M.M., IG. Macintyre and D.S. Littler (eds.). 1995. Biology and geology of Tobacco Range, Belize, Central America: a mangrove system containing unique fractured peat deposits. Atoll Res. Bull. Nos. 426—431, 188 pp., 44 figs.

Littler, M.M., D.S. Littler and I.G. Macintyre. 1995. Introduction to the biology and geology of Tobacco Range, Belize, C.A. Atoll Res. Bull. No. 426: 1-6.

Littler, M.M., D.S. Littler, I.G. Macintyre, B.L. Brooks,

P.R. Taylor.and B.E. Lapointe. 1995. The Tobacco Range Fracture Zone, Belize, C.A.: a unique system of slumped mangrove peat. Atoll Res. Bull. No. 428: 1-31.

Littler, D.S. and M.M. Littler. 1995. Botanical briefs: the elegant Rhodophyta. Ocean Realm 1995(April): 19-22.

Littler, D.S. and M.M. Littler. 1995. A new bacterial disease impacts Pacific coral reefs. Ocean Realm 1995 (September): 37-39-

Littler, D.S., M.M. Littler and B.L. Brooks. 1995. Marine algae and seagrasses from the Tobacco Range Fracture Zone, Belize, C.A. Atoll Res. Bull. No. 429: I-41.

Lorence, D. H. and W. L. Wagner. 1995. Another new, nearly extinct species of Hibiscadelphus (Malvaceae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Novon 5: 183-187.

Macintyre, I.G., M.M. Littler and D.S. Littler. 1995. Holocene history of Tobacco Range, Belize, Central America. Atoll Res. Bull. No. 430: 1-18.

Nicolson, D. H. 1995. Nom. ed. note {to Tjaden’s paper on gender and number of generic names ending in -anthema]. Taxon 44: 215-216.

Nicolson, D. H. 1994. Presentation of Engler Medals. Proceedings of the XV International Botanical Congress (closing ceremony), pp. 66-67.

Nicolson, D. H. 1994. Wanted — Taxonomists as Principal Investigator. American Society of Plant Taxonomists Newsletter 8: 19.

Nicolson, D. H. 1995. Review of Greuter & al., NCU-3. Taxon 44: 128-129.

Nicolson, D. H. 1994. Review of Harriman, Poaceae in Dassanayake, Revised Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon vol. 8. American Society of Plant Taxonomists Newsletter 8: 33.

Nicolson, D. H. 1995. Some notes on Heliconia nomenclature. Bulletin Heliconia Society International 7(4): 3.

Norris, J.N. and D. L. Ballantine. 1995. Two New Species of the Red Alga Chrysymenia J. Agardh (Rhodomeniales: Rhodomeniaceae) from the Tropical Western Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(1): 153-165.

Norris, J.N., 1. A. Abbott, and C. A. Agegian. 1995. Callidictyon abyssorum gen. et sp. nov. (Rhodophyta), A New Deep-water Net-forming Alga from Hawai'i. Pacific Science 49(2):192-201.

Nowicke, Joan W. and John J. Skvarla. 1995. Pollen morphology, pp 129-159, in Engler and Prantl Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Angiospermae: Ordung Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae. P. Hiepko, ed. Band 17 a IV. Duncker and Humblor, Berlin.

Peterson, P. M., R. D. Webster, J. Valdés-Reyna. 1995. Subrribial classification of the new world Eragrostideae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae). Sida 16: 529-544.

Reed, D.C., J. N. Norris, and M. S. Foster. 1994. Michael Neushul, Jr., 1933-1993. Botanica Marina 37: 287-292.

Robinson, H. 1994. Colobus, Pseudopiptocarpha, and Trepadonia, three new genera from South America (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107(3): 557-568.

Silva, E.S. and M.A. Faust. 1995. Small cells in the life history of dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae): a review. Phycologia 34: 396-408.

Skog, L. E. and Kvist, L. P. 1994. Novae Gesneriaceae neotropicarum VI: Five new Gesneriaceae from northwestern South America. Brittonia, 46(4): 317-330.

Smith, J. F, C. C. Burke, and W. L. Wagner. 1995. Interspecific hybridization in natural populations of Hawaiian Cyrtandra: evidence from RAPD markers. Amer. J. Bor. Suppl. 82(6): 162. (Abstract)

Strong, M. T. 1994. two new species of Scleria section Scleria (Cyperaceae) from the Neotropics. Novon 4: 296-302.

Strong, M. T. and C. L. Kelloff. 1994. Intertidal Vascular plants of Brent Marsh, Potomac River, stafford county, virginia. Castanea 59: 354-366.

Wagner, W. L. and D. R. Herbst. 1995. Contributions to the flora of Hawai'i. IV. New records and name changes. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 42: 13-27.

Wagner, W. L. 1995. Onagraceae: in Dassanayake et al. (eds.), Flora of Ceylon 9: 332-350.

Wagner, W. L. and V. A. Funk (eds.). 1995. Hawaiian biogeography: Evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 467 pp.

Wagner, W.L.,S.G. Weller, and A. K. Sakai. 1995. Phylogeny and biogeography in Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae): 7 W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk (eds.), Hawaiian biogeography: Evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 221-258.

Wagner, W. L. and D. R. Herbst. 1995. Contributions to the flora of Hawai'i. IV. New records and name changes. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 42: 13-27.

Wasshausen, D.C. 1995. Begonta mariannesis. The Begonian 62: 116-117.

Wasshausen, D.C. 1995. Acanthaceae. In: J. A. Steyermark and Collaborators, Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Timber Press vol. 2 (1955): 335-374.

Wasshausen, D.C. and Tracy McClellan. 1995. Begonza martannensis (Begoniaceae), a new species from Trinidad, West Indies. Brittonia 47: 21-23.

Wasshausen, D.C. and T.F. Daniel. 1995. Justicia nevlingt: (Acanthaceae), a New Species from Mexico. Novon 5: 114-117.

Webster, R. D., P. M. Peterson, and R. B. Shaw. 1994. Notes on Ertochloa weberbaueri (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 16: 57-61.

Weller, S.G., W. L. Wagner, and A. K. Sakai. 1995. A phylogenetic analysis of Schredea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae): Implications for the evolution of breeding systems. Syst. Bot. 20: 315-337.

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Department of Entomology

Baptista, A. and Mathis, W. N. 1994. A Revision of the New World Cyamops Melander (Diptera: Periscelididae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 563: 1-25 {59 figs.].

Barr, C. B. and Spangler, P. J. 1994. Two New Synonymies: Alabameubria, Brown, a Junior Synonym of Dicranopselaphus and Alabameubria stark1, a synonym of Dicranopselaphus vartegatus (Coleoptera: Psephenidae). Entomological News. 105(5): 299-302 [2 figs.]}.

Bricefio, R. D. and Eberhard, W. G., 1995. The Functional Morphology of Male Cerci and Associated Characters in 13 Species of Tropical Earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae, Labiidae, Carcinophoridae, Pygidicranidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 555: 1-63.

Burns, J. M. 1994. Gutless Wonder. p 120. in: Animal Diversity, Hickman, C. P. and Roberts, L. S., Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, IA.

Carvalho, J. C. M. and Froeschner, R. C. 1995. Taxonomic Names Proposed in the Insect Order Heteroptera by José Candido de Mello Carvalho from January 1989 to January 1993. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 102(4): 481-508.

Condon, M. A. and Norrbom, A. L., 1994. Three sympatric species of Blepharoneura (Diptera: Tephritidae) on a single species of host (Gurania spinulosa. Curcurbitaceae): new species and new taxonomic methods. Systematic Entomology. 19: 279-304.

Davis, D. R. 1994. Neotropical Tineidae, V: The Tineidae of Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 96: 735-748 [37 figs.].

1994. A Bilateral Gynandromorphic Harmaclona

tephrantha from Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 5(2): 117-122 [14 figs.].

1995. Epipyropidae. pp. 21, 127. in: Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricordea. Heppner, J. B., (Ed.), Association of Tropical

Lepidoptera, Gainesville, Florida.

Delfinado-Baker, M. and Peng, C. Y. S., 1995. Varroa jacobsoni and Trop:laelaps clareae: A Perspective of Life History and Why Asian Bee-Mites Preferred European Honey Bees. American Bee Journal, 135: 415-420.

Dietrich, C. H, 1994. Systematics of the Leafhopper Genus Draeculacephala Ball (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Transactions of the American Entomologtcal Soctety, 120(2): 87-112.

, and Pooley, C. D., 1994. Automated Identification of

Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Draeculacephala Ball). Systematics. 87(4): 412-423.

Duffield, R. M., Flint, O. S. and Nelson, C. H. 1995 Glossosoma verdona (Glossosomatidae: Trichoptera) in the Diet of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Libby Creek, Wyoming, USA. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 67: 277-282 [2 tables].

Erwin, T. L. 1994. Sierrazul, Ecuador: A Primeval Cloud

Forest Overlooking the Amazon Basin (ready for biotic

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researchers and conservation biologists). [Publ. not given], 6-7. 1995. Measuring Arthropod Biodiversity in the

Tropical Forest Canopy. pages 5: 109-127 [2 figs.]. in: Forest Canopies. Lowman, M. and Nadkarni, N., (Eds.), Academic Press, Inc., London.

Evans, G. A., Schauff, M. E., Kok-Yokomi, M. L., and Yokomi, R. K., 1995. A New Species of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) that Parasitizes the Spirea Aphid, Aphid spiraecola Patch (Homoptera: Aphididae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97(1): 17-21.

Fain, A. and Smiley, R. L., 1995. Description of the Male and _ Immature Stages of RAinosetus bakeri (Dusbabek & Cerny, 1970) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae). International Journal of Acarology. 21(3): 195-202.

Froeschner, R. C. 1995. Lectotype Designations for Two Lace Bugs Described from the United States (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Soctety of Washington, 97(1): 225-226.

1995. Review of the New World Lace Bug Genera Acanthocheila Stal and Carvalhotingis New Genus (Heteroptera: Tindidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 97(2): 331-339 [s figs.].

Gagné, R. J., 1995. Revision of Tetranychid (Acarina) Mite Predators of the Genus Fe/tze//a (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Systematics, 88(1): 16-30.

, 1995. A New Gall Midge Pest Infesting Pinxterbloom Azalea Flowers in Maryland and Washington, D. C.. Azalean. Jun: 37-38.

, 1995. Contarinia macultpennis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a polyphagus pest newly reported for North America. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 85: 209-214.

and Payne, J. A., 1994. Vaccinidiplosis, a new genus for

Cecidomyia vaccinit Osten Sacken (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Proceedings of theEntomological Society of Washington. 96(4): 599-GO6.

Gordon, R. D., 1994. Arawana scapularis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the United States and New Locality Records for Species of Arawana. Entomological News. 105(3): 133-136.

and Vandenberg, N., 1994. The First Record of

Eremochilini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachninae) from Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 102(1): 107-110.

Goulet, H. and Smith, D. R., 1995. Four New Sawflies from Eastern North America, Three Species of Tenthredo and One of Dolerus (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 97(1): 50-62.

Grissell, E. E., 1995. Toryminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae): a Redefinition, Generic Classification, and Annotated World Catalog of Species. Associated publishers,

470 pages.

Habeck, D. H. and Solis, M. A., 1994. Transfer of Petrophila drumalis (Dyar) to Argyractis based on Immature and Adult Characters with a Larval Description of Argyractis subornata (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Nymphulinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 96(4): 726-734.

Henry, T. J., 1994. Revision of the Myrmecomorphic Plant Bug Genus Schaffnerta Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 701-712.

and Hormiga, G., 1994. Obituary of Barbara Adrienne Broady Venables. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 96(4): 767-768.

, 1995. Proboscidotylus carvalhoi, a new Genus and

Species of Sexually Dimorphic Plant Bug from Mexico (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Soctety of Washington. 340-345.

Hodges, R. W., 1995. Diversity and abundance of insects, pgs.161—-163. in: Our Living Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution. Abundance. and Health of U.S. Plants. Animals. and Ecosystems. LaRoe, E. T., et al. (Eds.), U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, DC.

Howard, F. W., Nakahara, S. and Williams, D. S., 1995. Thysanoptera as Apparent Pollinators of West Indies Mahogany, Swzeetenta mahagoni (Meliaceae). Ann. Sci. For.. 52: 283-286.

Krombein, K. V. 1994. A New Anachrysis from South Africa (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae: Amiseginae). Proceedings of the Entomological Soctety of Washington, 96(2): 339-341 (2 figs.].

1994. Reminescences of Dr. Katsuji Tsuneki. Sphecos, 27: 6-7.

and Pulawski, W. J. 1994. Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, XX: A Revision of Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, with Notes on other Oriental Species (Hymenoptera:

Sphecidae: Larrinae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 552: 1-106 [257 figs.]}. 1995. Systematic Notes on some Sri Lankan Scoliidae

(Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97(1): 77-85 {8 figs.].

and Norden, B. B. 1995. Notes on the Behavior and Taxonomy of Megachile (Xeromegachtle) brimley: Mitchell and

its Probable Cleptoparasite, Coelioxys (Xerocoelioxys) galactiae

Mitchell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Proceedings of the

Entomological Society of Washington. 97(1): 86-89 [2 figs.; 2

tables}.

1995. Remiscences of Dr. Kunio Iwata. Sphecos, 29: 4-5 01 fig.].

Labandeira, C. C., Dilcher, D. L., Davis, D. R. and Wagner, D. L. 1994. Ninety-Seven Million Years of

Angiosperm-Insect Association: Paleobiological Insights into the Meaning of Coevolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 91: 12278-12282 [2 figs.].

Lariviére, M. C. and Froeschner, R. C. 1994. Chilocoris

neozelandicus, a New Species of Burrowing Bug from New

Zealand (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). New. Zealand Journal of Zoology, 21: 245-248 [5 figs.].

LaSalle, J. and Schauff, M. E., 1994. Systematics of the tribe Exderomphalini (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): parasitoids of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Systematic Entomology. 19: 235-258.

Lawrence, J. F., lipiski, and Pakaluk, J., 1995. From Latreille to Crowson: a history of the higher-level classification of beetles. Biology, Phylogeny. and Classification of Coleoptera, 86-154.

Mathis, W. N. and and Freidberg, A. 1994. A Revision of the Neartic Ax/acigaster MacQuart with Notes on A. Leucopeze (Meigen) from the Paleartic Region (Diptera: Aulacigas- tridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 96(4): 583-598.

1995. Studies of Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), VI: A Revision of the Genus Glenathe Haliday from the New World. Smzthsonian Contributions to Zoology. 567: 1-26 [59 figs.].

Nakahara, S., 1995. Taxonomic studies of the Genus

Tetraleurodes (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Insecta Mundi. 9(1-2): 105-150.

Norden, B. B., Krombein, K. V. and Barra, S. W. T. 1994. Nests and Enemies of Exomalopsts (Phanamalopsis) solani Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Mutillidae; Diptera: Asilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Soctety of Washington. 96(2): 350-356 [4 figs.].

Pakaluk, J., 1993. Review of the Immacure Stages of Baridinae I: Nertinini (Coleoptera: Curcuoionidae). E/ytron. 7: 165-170.

, 1994. [Review] Beetle larvae of the world, by

Lawrence, J., et. al.. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96(4): 765-766. , Lipiski, S. A., and Lawrence, J. F., 1994. Current

Classification and Family-group Names in Cucujordea (Coleoptera). Genus, 5(4): 223-268.

, 1994. Review of the immature stages of Baridinae II:

Madarini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Annales Zoologici, 45: I-14.

and Carlow, T. A., 1994. Description of the Larva of an Unidentified Species of Ceratophus Schoenherr, with comments on Plant Associations in Ceratopodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 102(3): 350-354.

Perich, M. J., Strickman, D., Wirtz, R. A., Stockwell, S. A., Glick, J. 1., Burge, R., Hunt, G. and Lawyer, P. G. 1995. Field Evaluation of Four Repellents against Leptoconops americanus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges. Journal of Medical Entomology, 32: 306-309.

Peterson, B. V. and Kondratieff, B. C., 1994. The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Colorado: an Annotated list with Keys, Illustrations and Descriptions of Three New Species. Mematrs of the American Entomological Soctety. 42: 1-121.

Polaszek, A. and Krombein, K. V. 1994. The Genera of Bethylinae (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Joxrna/ of Hymenoptera Research. 3: 91-105 {26 figs.]}.

Polhemus, J. T. and Spangler, P. J. 1995. A Review of the Genus Stridulivelia Hungerford and Two New Species (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from South America. Proceedings of the Entomological Soctety of Washington, 97(1): 128-152 {20 figs.].

Poole, R. W., 1995. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part); Cuculliinae, Stiriinae, Psaphidinae (parc). in: The Moths of America North of Mexico. 249 pages with 23 black and white plates and 5 color plates.

Rees, B. E., Anderson, D. M., Bouk, D. and Gordon, R. D., 1994. Larval Key to Genera and Selected Species of North American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 96(3): 387-412.

Russell, L. M., 1994. Notes on the Genus Paraleurolobus: Redescription of the Genus and its Type Species and Description of a New Species (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 96(3): 537-547.

Schauff, M. E., Yoshimoto, C. M. and Hansson, C., 1994. A New Genus and Species of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from North and Central America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 607-611.

Shaffer, J. C. and Solis, M. A., 1994. Pyralidae of Aldabra Acoli 2. Epipaschiinae: Lepipaschia gen. n., with a New Species from Aldabra and Another from Burkina Faso, West Africa. Entomologica Scandinavica. 25(3): 311320.

and Solis, M. A., 1995. Pyralinae, pgs 80-81. in: Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera Checklist: Part 2, Heppner, J. B., (Ed.), Vol. 3.

Smiley, R. L. and Gerson, U., 1995. A review of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Prostigmata) of Australia with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Four New Species. International Journal of Acarology. 21(1): 33-45.

and Baker, E. W., 1995. A report on some Tetranychid

mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from Yemen. International Journal of Acarology, 21(3): 135-164.

Smith, D. R., 1994. The Female of Haymatus blassus (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Entomological News, 105(5): 257-258.

and Naito, T., 1995. A new Species of Strongylogaster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from North America. Entomological News, 106(2): 57-60.

, 1995. The Elm Leafminer, Kaltofenusa ulmi (Sundevall) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Virginia, and Summary of Host Records. Bamzsteria. 5: 39-41.

Solis, M. A., 1994. Corrections to “Check List of the Old World Epipasciinae and the Related New World Genera Macalla and Epipaschia (Pyralidae)”. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society. 48(4): 393-394.

, 1995. [Review] Tineid Genera of Australian

Lepidoptera, by Robinson, G. S. and Nielsen, E. S..

Quarterly Review of Biology. 70: 86-87.

, 1995. Epipaschiinae, pgs. 89-93. in: Atlas of

Neotropical Lepidoptera Checklist Part 2, Heppner, J. B., (Ed.),

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, Becker, V.O. and Munroe, E. G., 1995. Chrysauginae, pgs 81-88. in: Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera Checklist: Part 2. Heppner, J. B., (Ed.), Vol. 3.

Spangler, P. J. 1995. A Review and Two New Species of the

Genus Psewdeucinetus Heller from Southeast Asia and a World Checklist of the Thaumastodinae (Coleoptera, Limnichidae). Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology. Tokyo, 4: 395-405 [35 figs.].

Stockwell, S. A., Pecor, J. E. and Glick, J. I. 1994. Mosquito Genera of North America: An INTKEY Package for Automated Identification and Information Retrieval of Data including Morphology, Anatomy, Classification, Bionomics, Medical Importance and North American Distribution. Available on disk or via internet at URL ftp://wrbu.si.edu/psyloke/public.

Strickman, D., Wirtz, R., Lawyer, P., Glick, J., Stockwell, S. and Perich, M. 1995. Meteorological Effects on the Biting Activity of Leptoconops americanus (Diptera: Ceratopogo- nidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. II: I5—20.

Tang, Y. and Marsh, P. M., 1994. A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Ascogaster in China (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 3: 279-302.

Wilkerson, R. C., Hribar, L. J., Milscrey, E. G. and Falero, G. C. 1995. The Identification of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) rondoni (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mato Grosso State, Brazil: An Analysis of Key Character Variability. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de J. 90: 575-582.

Department of Invertebrate Zoology

Ahearn, C.G., 1994. Family Posildae: New distribution records from the Antarctic. In: B. David. A. Guille. J.P. Feral & M. Roux (eds.). Proceedings 8th Int'l Echinoderm Conf. Dijon/France, Sept.1993. Echinoderms through Time. Balkema. Rotterdam. Abstract. :503.

Ahearn, C.G., 1995. Catalog of the type specimens of seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smzthsonian Contributions to Zoology 572:1-59, appx. I.

Aronson, R.B., P.J. Edmunds, W.F. Precht, D.W. Swanson & D.R., 1994. Large-scale, long-term monitoring of Caribbean coral reefs: Simple, quick, inexpensive techniques. Asoll Research Bulletin 421:1-19.

Bayer, F.M., 1995. Two new species of the Alcyonacean genus Protodendron (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) from the Indian Ocean off Natal. Bulletin of Marine Science 57(2):301-312.

. 1995. Two new species of the gorgonacean genus

Crenocella (Coelenterata: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from deep reefs in the western Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science 56(2)597-624, figs. 1-23.

. 1995. A new species of the gorgonacean Genus

Narella (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from Hawaiian waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(1):147-152, fig.1-3.

. 1995. A new genus of alcyonacean coral (Anthozoa:

Octocorallia) from Caribbean waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 56(2):620-624, fig.1-2. . 1994. A new species of the gorgonacean genus Bebhryce

(Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Papua-New Guinea. Bulletin of Marine Science 54(2):540A553, figs. 1-4.

Bayer, EM. & M. Grasshoff, 1994. The genus group taxa of the family Ellisellidae, with clarification of the genera established by J.E. Gray (Cnidaria; Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana Biologica 74(1-2):21—455 «

Bowman, T.E., 1994. Mictacea. In: C. Juberthie (ed.), Encyclopaedia Biospeologia, vol.1 880pp. 1:121—-122.

Cairns, S.D., 1995. New records of azooxanthellate stony corals (Cnidaria: Scleractinia and Stylasteridae) from the Neogene of Panama and Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(3):533—-550-

. 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia

(Cnidaria: Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute

Memorr 103: 139 pp., 44 pls. . 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific.

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557:150 pp-. 42 plates, 3 figs.

Cairns, $.D., D.M. Opresko, T.S. Hopkins, & W.W. Schroeder, 1994. New records of Deep-Water Cnidaria (Scleractinia & Antipatharia) from the Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Sctence 13(1): 1-11, 1 fig.

Cappola, V. & R.B. Manning, 1994. Research on the coast of Somalia. Crustacea Stomatopod. Tropical Zoology 7(2): 271-291, figs. 1-6.

Child, C.A., 1994. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida, I. The Family Ammotheidae. Antarctic Research Series, 63. Biology of the Antarctic Seas XXIII:1-48, 5 figs.

. 1994. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida. II.

The Family Austrodecidae. Antarctic Research Series, 63. Biology of the Antarctic Seas XXIII:49-99,17 figs. . 1995. Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands,

XI: Collelctions from the Aleutians and other Bering Sea Islands, Alaska. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 569:1-29, figs.1—10.

Collette, B.B. & M. Vecchione, 1995. Interactions between fisheries and systematics. Fisheries 20(1):20—25, fig.1-2.

Collins, J.S.H. & S.K. Donovan, 1995. A new species of Necronectes (Decapoda) from the Upper Oligocene of Antigua. Carthbean Journal of Science 31:122-127.

Donovan, S.K., 1995. Isocrinid crinoids from the late Cenozoic of Jamaica. Atlantic Geology 30:195-203.

. 1995. Always give credit where it’s due. New Scientist 147(1990):46—47.

Donovan, S.K., R.W. Portell, R.K. Pickerill, E. Robinson & B.D., 1995. Further Tertiaray cephalopods from Jamica. Journal of Paleontology 69:588-590.

Donovan, S.K. & A.D. Wright, 1995. Pelmatozoan (crinoid?) columnals from the Hirnantian (Ordovician, Ashgill) of Keisley, Cumbria, UK. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 50:229—-238.

Donovan, S.K. & D.L. Pawson, 1994. Skeletal morphology and paleontological significance of the stem of extant Phrynocrinus nudus A.H. Clark (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Journal of Paleontology 68(6):1336-1343.

Falck, C.L. & T.E. Bowman, 1994. Commensal life, sexual dimorphism, and handedness in the canuellid harpacticoid Parasunaristes chelicerata (Por & Marcus, 1972). Hydrobiologia 292/293: 455-459, fig.1-7.

Fauchald, K., 1995. Polychaeta (Annelida) in the Indian River and surrounding areas. Abstract. Bulletin of Marine Science 57(1):280.

Felder, D.L. & R.B. Manning, 1995. Neocallichiurs cacahuate, a new species of ghost shrimp from the Atlantic coast of Florida, with reexamination of N. lemaztrez (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(3):477—490.

Felley, J.D. & M. Vecchione, 1995. Assessing habitat use by nekton on the continental slope using archived videotapes from submersibles. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 93(2):262-273.

Felley, J.D., M. Vecchione, J.L Russo, M. Erixon-Stanford & C.FE., 1994. Multimedia computer applications for species identification: prototypes from a cooperative venture berween the Smithsonian Institution and NMFS. In: MTS94. Challenges and Opportunities in the Marine Environment. Marine Technology Society. Washington, DC. :333-337.

Ferrari, F., 1995. Six copepodid stages of Ridgewayia klausruetzler1. a new species of calanoid copepod (Ridgewayiidae) from the barrier reef in Belize, with comments on appendage development. Proceedings of the Btological Soctety of Washington 108(2):180-200.

. 1995. Identity of the distal segments of the maxilla 2

and maxilliped in copepods: newteeth for Carl Claus’ old saw. Crustaceana 68(1):103-110.

Ferraris, J.D., K. Fauchald & B. Kensley, 1994. Physiological responses to fluctuation in temperature or salinity in invertebrates. Adaptations of Alpheus viridari (Decapoda, Crustacea), Terebellides parva (Polychaeta) and Golfingia cylindrata (Sipunculida) to the mangrove habitat. Marine Biology 120:397—406.

G.A. Rodriguez-Almaraz & T.E. Bowman, 1995. Sphaerolana karenae, a new species of hypogean isopod crustacean from Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(2):207-211.

Glasby, C.J., 1994. A new genus and species of polychaete, Bollandia antipathicola (Nereidoidea:Syllidae) from black coral. Proceedings of the Biological Soctety of Washington 107(4):615-621.

Goodfriend, G.A., M. Kashgarian, & M.G. Harasewych, 1995. Use of aspartic acid racemization and post-bomb 14C to reconstruct growth rate and longevity of the deep-water slit shell Entemnotrochus adansonianus. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59(6):1125-1129.

Harasewych, M.G. & B.A. Marshall, 1995. Zygomelon zodion. a new genus and species of bathyal volute from New Zealand. The Velzger 38(2):145-I51.

I7I

Harasewych, M.G. & A.R. Kabat, 1995. Richard S. Houbrick (1937-1993): biographical sketch and malacological contributions. The Nautilus 108(3):61-66.

Harper, D.A.T., E.N. Doyle & S.K. Donovan, 1995. Palaeoecology and palaeobathymetry of Pleistocene brachiopods from the Manchioneal Formation of Jamaica. Proceedings of the Geologist’s Assoctation 106:219-227.

Hart Jr., C.W., 1994. A dictionary of non-scientific names of freshwater crayfishes (Astacoidea and Parastacoidea), including other words and phrases incorporating crayfish names. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 38:1-127.

Hendler, G., J.E. Miller, D.L. Pawson & P.M. Kier, 1995. Echinoderms of the Florida and the Caribbean. Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies. Smzthsonian Institution Press. Washington. D.C. 390pp., 191 figs.

Hershler, R., T.J. Frest, E.J. Johannes, P.A. Bowler & FG. Thompson, 1994. Two New Genera of Hydrobiid Snails (Prosobranchia: Rissooidea) from the Northwestern United States. Veliger 37: 221-243.

Hobbs Jr., HLH. & H.H. Hobbs III, 1995. Macrobrachtum catonium. a new troglobitic shrimp from the Cayo District of Belize (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Proceedings of the Biological Soctety of Washington 108(1):50-53.

. 1995. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) nueces (Decapoda:

Cambaridae), a new crayfish from the Nueces River Basin, Texas. Proceedings of the Biological Soctety of Washington 108(1):54—60.

Holsinger, J.R., D.A. Hubbard & T.E. Bowman, 1994. Biogeographic and ecological implications of newly discovered populations of the stygobiont isopod crustacean Antrolana lira Bowman (Cirolanidae). Journal of Natural History 28:1047-1058.

Hope, W.D.(ed.), 1994. Nematodes: Structure, Development, Classification and Phylogeny, by V. Malakhov. Smithsonian Institution Press. Translation from Russian to English edited by W.D. Hope, 2r4pp. 286 pp.

Hope, W.D. & Z.N. Zhang, 1995. New nematodes from the Yellow Sea, Hopperia hexadentata n. sp. and Cervonemadel- tensis n. sp. (Chromadorida: Comesomatidae), with observations on morphology and systematics. Invertebrate Biology 114(2): 119-138.

Kantor, Y.I. & M.G. Harasewych, 1994. The diet of Pisania tincta (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) in eastern Florida. The Velzger 37(1):117-18.

Kensley, B., 1994. A new genus and species of Cirolanid isopod from the Western Indian Ocean (Crustacea:Peracarida). Proceedings of the Biological Soctety of Washington 107(2):283-290.

. 1995. A new genus of aquatic cave-dwelling isopod from Namibia (Crustacea: Isopoda:Asellota). Cimbebasia 14(1):I-I5.

Kensley, B. & M. Schotte, 1994. Marine isopods from the Lesser Antilles and Colombia (Crustacea: Peracarida). Proceedings of the Biological Soctety of Washington 107(3):482—510.

172

Kensley, B., W.G. Nelson & M. Schotte, 1995. Marine isopod biodiversity of the Indian River lagoon, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science §7(1):136-142.

Kornfield, I., A.B. Williams & R.S. Steneck, 1995. Assignment of Homarus capensis (Herbst, 1792), the Cape lobster of South Africa, to the new genus Homarinus (Decapoda: Nephropidae). Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 93:97-102.

Kornicker, L.S., 1994. Five New Eulittoral Sarsiellidae from Western Australia. Mztter/ungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 92:175—-195.

. 1995. Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of the SE Australian

Continental slope, Part 2. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 562: 1-97, figs.1-54, 2 tabs.

Kornicker, L.S. & D.R. Calder, 1995. Hydroids colonizing the carapaces of the ostracode Ph:lomedes brenda from the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(1):125-129, figs.1-3.

Kornicker, L.S. & T.M. Iliffe, 1995. Ostracoda (Halocypridina, Cladocopina) from an anchialine lava tube in Lanzarote,Canary Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 568:1-32, fig.1-16.

Leal, J.H. & M.G. Harasewych, 1995. Morphology and systematics of the enigmatic volutid Plicoliva zelindae (Petuch, 1979) (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Bulletin of Marine Science §6(2):569-577.

Lemaitre, R., 1995. A review of hermit crabs of the genus Xylopagurus A. Milne Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea:Decapoda: Paguridae), with description of two new species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 570:1-27, figs. 1-17.

Lemaitre, R., 1994. Crustacea Decapoda: Deep-water hermit crabs (Parapaguridae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of four new species. Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 12 Mémorres du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 161: 375-419.

Malakhovy, V.V., 1994. Nematodes: Structure, Development, Classification, and Phylogeny. Edited by W.D. Hope. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. and London. 286 pp.

Manning, R.B. & R. Lemaitre, 1994. Sergio. a new genus of ghost shrimp from the Americas (Crustacea: Decapoda:Callianassidae). Nauplius, Rro Grande 1 {for 1993): 39-43, fig. I.

Manning, R.B. & DLL. Felder, 1995. Description of the ghost shrimp Sergzo mericeae, a new species from south Florida, with reexamination of S. guassutinga (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae). Proceedings of the Biological Socerty of Washington 108(2):266-280.

McLean, J.H. & M.G. Harasewych, 1995. Review of western Atlantic species of cocculinid and pseudococculinid limpets, with descriptions of new species (Gastropoda: Cocculiniformia). Contributions in Sctence, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 453:1-33-

Moser, W.E., 1995. Placobdella parasitica (Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphiniidae) from the Eastern River Cooter (Chelonia:Emydidae) in Oklahoma. The Texas Journal of Science 47(1):71-74.

Moser, W.E. & M.S. Willis, 1994. Predation on gastropods by Placobdella spp. (Clitellata: Rhynchobdellida). American Midland Naturalist 132:399-400.

Moser, W.E. & S.S. Desser, 1995. Morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of the salivary glands and proboscises of three species of glossiphoniid leeches (Hirudinea:Rhynchobdellida). Journal of Morphology 225(1):1-18.

Norenburg, J.L., A.D. Rogers, C. Bustasmante & J.D. Ferraris, 1994. Molecular phylogeny in species of the nemertean genus Lineus. American Zoologist 34(5):97A.

Oliver, W.A. & S.D. Cairns, 1994. John West Wells (1907-1994). Fosst! Cnidaria 23(1.2): 12 pp., I fig.

Ortiz, M. & R. Lemaitre, 1994. Crustaceos anfipodos (Gammaridea) colectados en las costas del Caribe colombiano, al sur de Cartagena. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin 23.:119-127, 3 figs., 1 tab.

Pawson, D.L., 1994. Antarctic echinoderms: history, distribution, ecology, 1968-1993. In: B. David. A,. Guille.

J.P. Féral. M. Roux (eds.) Echinoderms through time. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. :99-110, figs. 1-3.

Peters, E.C., P.P. Yevich, J.C. Harshbarger, & G.E. Zaroogian, 1994. Comparative histopathology of gonadal neoplasms in marine bivalve molluscs. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 20:59-76.

Pettibone, M.H., 1995. Review of Psexdopolynoe Day, 1962, with a supplementary description of the type species, Polynoe inhaca Day, 1951 (Polynoidae: Lepadastheniinae). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 92:155-158.

Pettibone, M.H., 1994. Additional records of polynoid polychaetes from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107(4):609-614.

Reid, J.W., 1994. Latitudinal diversity patterns of continental benthic copepod species assemblages in the Americas. Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Copepoda; Hydrobiologia 292/293: 341-350, fig.1-4.

. 1994. Murunducaris juneae new genus, new species (Copepoda: Harpacticoida:Parastenocarididae) from a wet campo in central Brazil. Journal of Crustacean Biology 14(4):771-781.

. 1994. The harpacticoid and cyclopoid copepod fauna

in the cerrado region of central Brazil. 1. Species composition, habitats, and zoogeography. Proceedings. III Congresso Brasileiro de Limnologia: Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 6: 56-68.

. 1995. Strategies for conservation of free-living continental copepods. The Ecdystast, Newsletter of the

Crustacean Society 14(1):11—I2. . 1995. Redescription of Parastenocaris brevipes Kessler

and description of a new species of Parastenocaris (Copepoda: Harpacticoida:Parastenocarididae) from the U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73(1):173-187.

Reid, J.W. & G. G. Marten, 1995. The cyclopoid copepod (Crustacea) fauna of non-planktonic continental habitats in

Louisiana and Mississippi. Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 30(1):39-45.

Reid, J.W. & R.M. Pinto-Coelho, 1994. An Afro-Asian continental copepod, Mesocyclops ogunnus, found in Brazil; with a new key to the species of Mesocyclops in South America and a review of intercontinental introductions of copepods. Limnologica 24(4):359-368.

Reid, J.W. & R.M. Pinto-Coelho, 1994. Planktonic Copepoda of Furnas Reservoir: initial survey of species (1993) and review of literature. Iv; R.M. Pinto-Coelho, A. Giani and E.von Sperling. (eds.), Ecology and human impact on lakes and reservoirs in Minas Gerais with special reference to future development and management strategres. SEGRAC, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais: 93-114.

Rice, M.E. & E.E. Ruppert, 1995. Functional organization of dermal coelomic canals in Spunculus nudus (Sipuncula) with a discussion of respiratory designs in sipunculans. Invertebrate Biology 114(1): 51-63.

Rice, M.E., J. Piraino & H.F. Reichardt, 1995. A survey of the Sipuncula of the Indian River. Bulletin of Marine Science §7(1):128—-135.

Rodriguez-Almaraz, G.A. & T.E. Bowman, 1995. Sphaerolana karenae, a new species of hypogean isopod crustacean from Nuevo Leon,Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 108(2):207—211.

Rodriguez, G.A. & A.B. Williams, 1995. Ep:lobocera wetherbees. a new species of freshwater crab (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae) from Hispaniola. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 108(1):7 6-83.

Roe, P. & J.L. Norenburg, 1994. Aspects of occurence and reproductive biology of two deep sea pelagic nemerteans off California. Unpublished abstract for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Naturalists. .

Rouse, G.W., 1995. Is sperm ultrastructure useful in polychaete systematics? An example using 20 species of the Fabriciinae (Polychaeta: Sabellidae). Zoologica Scripta 76(1):57—74, fig. 1-58.

Rouse, G.W., 1994. New species of Orzopsrs Caullery and Mesnil from Florida, Belize, and Aldabra Atoll (Seychelles), and a new species of Amphiglena Claparede from Seychelles (Polychaeta: Sabellidae: Sabellinae). Bulletin of Marine Science 54(1):180-202.

Rouse, G.W. & D. McHugh, 1994. Ultrastructure of spermatids and spermatozoa in Ramex californiensis and Nicolea zosterscola (Terebellidae; Polychaeta). Ophelia 39(3):225—238, fig.1-23.

Rouse, G.W. & K. Fitzhugh, 1994. Broadcasting fables: Is external fertilization really primitive? Sex, size, and larvae in sabellid polychaetes. Zoologica Scripta 23(4):271-312, fig.1-57, tabs, appendix.

Ruerzler, K., 1995. Sponges in time and Space - Biology, Chemistry, Paleontology. Book Review: of R.W.M. van Soest, T.M.G. van Kempen & J.C. Braekman (eds.). Proc. 4th Int'l. PoriferaCongress, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 19-23 April 1993. A.A. Balkema. 515 pp. Bulletin of Marine Science 56(3):909—910.

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Sakurai, Y., R.E. Young, J. Hirota, K. Mangold, M. Vecchione, M.R., 1995. Artificial fertilization and development through hatching in the oceanic squids Ommastrephes bartramit and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensts (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae). Velzger 38(3):185-191.

Storch, V., Higgins, R.P., Malakhov, V.V. & A.V. Adrianov, 1994. Microscopic anatomy and ultrastructure of the introvert of Priapulus caudatus and P. tuberculatospinosus (Priapulida). Journal Morphology 220:281-293.

Thomas, J.D. & L.D. McCann, 1995. The families Argissidae, Dexaminidae, Eusiridae, Gammaridae, Leucothoidae, Melphidippidae, Oedicerotidae, Pardaliscidae, Phoxocephalidae, Podoceridae, Stegocephalidae, Stenothoidae, Sulipedidae, Synopiidae, and Urothoidae. In: Taxonomic Atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Crustacea. 12(3):21-130.

Thomas, M.B., N.C. Edwards, R.P. Higgins, 1995. Cryptohydra thieli n. gen., n. sp.: a meiofaunal marine hydroid (Hydroida, Athecata, Capitata). Invertebrate Biology 114(2):107-108.

Tirmizi, N.M., Q.B. Kazmi & R.B. Manning, 1994. An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian Sea. Part2: Stomatopoda. Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences 3(2): 125-169, figs. 1-41.

Vecchione, M., 1994. Systematics and the lifestyle and performance of cephalopods. Marine Behavior & Physiology 25(1-3):179-191255, FIG.I-2, tab.1.

Vecchione, M. & B.B. Collette, 1994. Profile: National Systematics Laboratory. The NSL works toward healthy marine biodiversity. Fisheries 19(11):26.

Vecchione, M. & M.R. Lipinski, 1995. Descriptions of the paralarvae of two loliginid squids in southern African waters. South African Journal of Marine Sctence 15:1-7.

Vorontsova, M. & L. Cole, 1995. A new speices of Pyura (Ascidiacea) from South Vietnam. Bulletin of Marine Science 56(1):312-318, fig.1-5.

Walter, T.C., 1994. A clarification of two congeners, Pseudodiaptomus lobipes and P. binghami (Calanoida, Pseudodiaptomidae) from India, with description of P. mixtus sp. n. from Bangladesh. Hydrobrologia 292/293:123—-130.

Watling, L. & J.D. Thomas, 1995. 1. Introduction to the Amphipoda. In: Taxonomic Atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Crustacea. 12(3):1-20.

Williams, A.B. & F.C. Dobbs, 1995. A new genus and species of caridean shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from hydrothermal vents on Loihi Seamount, Hawaii. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 108(2):228-237.

Williams, E.H. & T.E. Bowman, 1994. Lironeca Leach, 1818 (Crustacea, Isopoda): proposed conservation as the correct original spelling. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 51(3):224-226.

Williams, A.B. & L.G. Eldredge, 1994. A new species of spider crab from Guam Rochinia decipiata (Brachyura:

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Majidae). Crustacean Research, Carcinological Society of Japan 23:1-4.

Department of Mineral Sciences

Clarke, R.S. Jr. (Translator) (1995) Heide, F. and F. Wlotzka. Meteorites, Messengers from Space. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 231.

Dai, Y. , Post, J.E., and Appleman, D.E. (1995) Crystal structure of minehillite: Twinning and structural relationships to reyerite. American Mineralogist. 80, 173-178.

, and Post J.E. (1995) Crystal structure of

hillebrandite: a natural analogue of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases in Portland cement. American Mineralogist. 80, 841-844.

Davis A.M. and MacPherson G.J. (1995) Thermal processing in the solar nebula: Constraints from refractory inclusions. In Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Nebula (R. Hewins, ed.) In Press

Ercit, T.S., Wise, M.A. and Cerny, P. (1995) Compositional and structural systematics of the columbite group. A mer. Mineral. (in press) .

Fiske, R.S., Naka, J., Iizasa, K., and Yuasa, M., (1995) Caldera-forming submarine pyroclastic eruption at Myojin Knoll, Izu-Bonin Arc: JAMSTEC Jour. of Deep Sea Research. (In press)

Fudali, R.F.,(1995) Commentary on Lonar Crater Research, in The Deccan Trap Basalts, vol. 2, K.V. Subbarao, Editor (in press).

, D. J. Milton, K. Frediksson and A. Dube. (1995)

Morphology of Lonar Crater India: Comparisons and

Implications (condensed from The Moon and Planets, v. 23, PP- 493-515, 1980) in The Deccan Trap Basalts, vol. 2, K.V. Subbarano, Editor (in press).

Loss R.D., Lugmair G. W., MacPherson G.J. and Davis A.M. (1994) Isotopically distinct reservoirs in the solar nebula: Isotope anomalies in Vigarano meteorite inclusions. Astrophysical Journal 436, L193-L196.

Luhr, J.F. and Melson, W.G. (1995) Mineral and glass compositions in June 15, 1991 pumices: Evidence for dynamic disequilibrium in the Pinatubo dacite. U.S. Geological Survey Professtonal Paper, Special Collection of Mount Pinatubo Papers. in press.

, Pier, J.G., Aranda-Goémez, J.J., and Podosek, F.A.

(1995) Crustal contamination in early basin-and-range

hawaiites of the Los Encinos Volcanic Field, central México. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 118: 321-339.

, Aranda-Gomez, J.J., and Housh, T.B. (1995b) The San Quintin Volcanic Field, Baja California Norte, México:

Geology, petrology, and geochemistry. J. Geophys. Res.. 100, B7: 10,353—-10,380.

MacPherson G.J. and Davis A.M. (1994) Refractory inclusions in the prototypical CM chondrite, Mighei. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 5599-5625.

, Davis A.M. and Zinner E.k. (1995) *PAl in the early

solar system: A reappraisal. Mereoritics 30, 365-386. (Invited Review)

Mandernack, K.W., Post, J.E., and Tebo, B.M. (1995) Manganese mineral formation by bacterial spores of a marine Bacillus, SG-1: evidence for the direct oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV). Geochemica Cosmochemica Acta. In Press.

Melson, W.G. (1994). The eruption of 1968 and tephra stratography of Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica. pp. 24-47. In Archaeology, Volcanism and Remote Sensing in the Arenal Region, Costa Rica. Edited by P. Sheets and B. McKee. 350 pp. Texas University Press, Austin

Post, J.E. and Appleman, D.E. (1994) Crystal structure refinement of lithiophorite. American Mineralogist. 79, 370-374.

Simkin T, 1994. Volcanoes: their occurrence and geography 7 Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety: Proceedings of the First International Symposium. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2047: 75-79.

, 1994. Distant Effects of Volcanism—How Big and

How Often?. Sczence 264: 913-14. , & Siebert L. (1994) Volcanoes of the World: a regional directory. gazetteer, and chronology of volcanism during the

last 10,000 years. (second edition) Geoscience Press, Tucson, 368 pp.

, Ungar JD, Tilling RI, Vogt PR, Spall H. (1994) This Dynamic Planet: World Map of Volcanoes. Earthquakes.

Impact Craters, and Plate Tectonics (second edition wall

map w/ accompanying text and diagrams). U.S. Geological Survey (in collaboration with SI and U.S. Naval Research Lab).

Swindle T. D., Davis A. M., Hohenberg C. M., MacPherson G.J. and Nyquist L. E. (1995) Isotopic constraints on the timing of the formation of solids in the solar nebula. In Press: Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Nebula (R. Hewins, ed.)

Tomascak, P.B., Wise, M.A., Cern, P. and Trueman, D.L. (1994) Reconnaissance studies of four pegmatite populations in the Northwest Territories. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 475, 31-61.

Wise, M.A., Rose, T.R. and Holden, R.E. ( 1994) Mineralogy of the Bennett Quarry, Oxford County, Maine. Mineralogical Record 25, 175-184.

Wise, M.A. (1995) Topaz - a mineralogical review. Rocks and Minerals. 70, 16-25.

Wise, M.A. (1995) Trace element chemistry of lithium-rich micas from rare-element granitic pegmatites. Mzneral. Petrol. (in press).

Wise, M.A. and Cern, P. (1995) The crystal chemistry of the tapiolite series. Canadian Mineralogist (in press)

Wise, M.A. and Rose, T.R. (1995) The Bennett pegmatite, Oxford County, Maine. In: The Mineralogy of Maine. Maine Geological Survey. (in press)

Department of Paleobiology

Benson, R.H. 1995. Editorial: Is the death of an ocean falling through a stratigraphic crack? Paleoceanography 10: 1—.

Benson, R.H., L.C. Hayek, D.A. Hodell, D.V. Kent and K. Rakic-El Bied. 1995. Extending the climatic precession curve back into the Miocene by signature template comparison. Paleoceanography 10: 5-20.

Benson, R.H. and K. Rakic-El Bied. 1995. Proposal for the Bou Regreg section, Morocco to be the Global Boundary Stracotype Section and Point. Proceedings, Congress of the Regional Commission of Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy (Barcelona). (in press)

Cheetham, A.H., J.B.C. Jackson and L.C. Hayek. 1995. Quantitative genetics of bryozoan phenotypic evolution. III. Phenotypic plasticity and the maintenance of genetic variation. Evolution 49: 290-296.

Cheetham, A.H. and J.B.C. Jackson. 1995. Speciation, extinction, and the decline of arborescent growth in Neogene and Quaternary Bryozoa of tropical America. In: J.B.C. Jackson et al., eds., Environmental and Biological Change in Tropical America. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. (in press)

Cheetham, A.H. and J.B.C. Jackson. 1995. Process from pattern: tests for selection versus random change in punctuated bryozoan speciation. In: D.H. Erwin and RL. Anstey, eds., New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record. Columbia University Press, New York. pp. 184 —207.

Chen, Z. and D.J. Stanley. 1995. Quaternary subsidence and river channel migration in the Yangtze Delta plain, eastern China. Journal of Coastal Research 11: 927-945.

Culver, S.J. and M.A. Buzas. 1995. The effects of anthropogenic habitat disturbance, habitat destruction, and global warming on shallow marine benthic foraminifera.

Journal of Foraminiferal Research 25: 204-211.

Culver, S.J., J.-E. Repetski, J. Pojeta, Jr., and D. Hunt. 1995. Early Cambrian protistan and metazoan fossils from West Africa. Journal of Paleontology. (in press).

DiMichele, W.A. and R.M. Bateman. 1995. Paleoecological constraints on paleobotanical evolutionary scenarios: two examples from the Paleozoic. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. (in press)

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1995. The response of hierarchically structured ecosystems to long-term climate change: a case study using tropical peat swamps of Pennsylvanian age. National Research Council, Studies in Geophysics. Effects of Past Global Change on Life. pp. 134-155.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1995. Climate change, plant extinctions, and vegetational recovery during the Middle-Late Pennsylvanian transition: the case of tropical peat-forming environments in North America. In: M.L. Hart, ed., Brotic Recovery from Mass Extinctions. London: Geological Society of London. (in press).

DiMichele, W.A., H.W. Pfefferkorn, and T.L. Phillips. 1995. Persistence of Pennsylvanian-age tropical vegetation during glacial fluctuations: the Carbondale Formation of the

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Illinois Basin. Pal/aeogeography. Palaeoclimatology. Palaeoecology. (im press)

Durro, J.T., Jr. 1995. Education and employment in the earth sciences. American Paleontologist 3: 10.

Dutro, J.T., Jr. 1995. Golden Trilobite awards (Third). American Paleontologist 3: 7.

Erwin, D.H. 1995. Diversity crises in the geologic past. Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology 1: 507-516.

Erwin, D.H. 1995. The end-Permian mass extinction. In: P. Scholle, ed., Permian of the Northern Continents. New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 20-34.

Erwin, D.H. 1995. Review of: H.F. Yin, ed., The Palaeobiogeography of China. Sczence 267: 2012.

Erwin, D.H. 1995. Review of: W. Glen, ed., The Mass Extinction Debates: How Science Works in a Crisis. American Scientist 83: 376-377.

Erwin, D.H. and R.L. Anstey. 1995. Speciation in the fossil record. In: D.H. Erwin and R.L. Anstey, eds., New’ Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 11-38.

Gastaldo, R.A., H.W. Pfefferkorn, and W.A. DiMichele. 1995. Characteristics and classification of Carboniferous roof shale floras. In: P.C. Lyons, ed., W.C. Darrah Memorial Volume. Geological Soctety of America Memorr 185. in press.

Goodfriend, G.A. and D.J. Stanley. 1995. Reworking and discontinuities in Holocene sedimentation in the Nile delta: documentation from amino acid racemization and stable isotopes in mollusk shells. Marine Geology. (in press)

Greenwood, D.R., and S.L. Wing. 1995. Eocene contunental climates and laticudinal temperature gradients. Geology. (in press)

Kauffman, E.G. and D.H. Erwin. 1995. Surviving mass extinctions. Geotimes 40: 14-17.

Koch, P.L., J. Heisinger, C. Moss, R.W. Carlson, M. Fogel and A.K. Behrensmeyer. 1995. Isotopic tracking of change in diet and habit in African elephants. Science 267: 1340-1343.

Labandeira, C.C. 1995. Review of: Quaternary Insects and Their Environments by S.A. Elias. Quarterly Review of Biology 70: 68-69.

Labandeira, C.C. 1995. Fossil insects. 1996 McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology. (in press)

Macintyre, I.G. and R.P. Reid. 1995. Crystal alteration in a living calcareous alga (Halimeda): implications for studies in skeletal diagenesis. Journal of Sedimentary Research A6s: 143-153.

Mamay, S.H. 1995. Reestablishment of Russelites (not a synomym of Yuania). Taxon 44: 43-51.

Peypouquet, J.-P. and R.H. Benson. 1995. La structure hydrologique sur la Walvis Ridge a |'Oligocene Inferieur: son interet dans le problem des Braarudosphaera. Bu/l. Inst. Geol. Bassin d'Aquitaine Bordeaux. (in press)

Peypouquet, J.-P. and R.H. Benson. 1995. Les Ostracodes et levolution des paleoenvironments de la Walvis Ridge depuis le Cretace, elements de paleohydrologie profonde. Bull. Soc. Geol. France. (in press)

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Pojeta, J., Jr. and R. Johnson. 1995. Parastirpulina sohli: a new Cretaceous clavagellid pelecypod. Geological Association of New Jersey Special Publication. The Paleontology of New Jersey. (in press)

Pojeta, J., Jr. 1995. Collecting fossils. Geological Association of New Jersey Special Publication. The Paleontology of New Jersey. (in press)

Siegel, ER., N. Gupta, B. Shergill, D.J. Stanley and C. Gerber. 1995. Geochemistry of Holocene sediments from the Nile Delta. Journal of Coastal Research 11: 415-431.

Sohn, I.G. and I.I. Molostovskaya. 1995. Suchonella cf. typica Sizhzharsky, 1937 and Suchonella typica Spizharsky 1939: proposed designation of type species and valid date of publication of Suchonella to be 1939. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. Case 2954. (in press)

Sohn, I.G. 1995. The adductor-muscle attachment scars in Kirkbyids (Ostracoda). Mzcropaleontology 41. (in press; cover page)

Sohn, I.G. 1994. Paleozoic and Triassic generic and suprageneric ostracode taxa proposed during 1994. Cypris 13. (in press)

Stanley, D.J. 1995. Measuring global sea-level change —The impossible dream? Marine Geology. (in press)

Stanley, D.J. and J.G. Wingerath.1995. Clay mineral distributions to interpret Nile cell provenance and dispersal: I. lower river Nile to delta sector. J. Coastal Research. (in press)

Stanley, D.J., J.E. McRea, Jr. and J.C. Waldron. 1995. Nile delta drill core and sample database for 1985-1994: Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Program. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences. (in press)

Stanley, D.J., AG. Warne and J.B. Dunbar. 1995. Sea-level history as recorded by lace Wisconsin unconformity and overlying transgressive facies, eastern Mississippi delta. Journal of Engineering Geology. (im press)

Towe, K.M. 1995. Environmental oxygen conditions during the origin and early evolution of life. Advances in Space Research. Special Volume, 30th COSPAR Meeting. (in press)

Waller, T.W. 1995. The misidentified holotype of Argopectin circularis (Bivalvia: Pectinidae). The Velzger 38: 280-285.

Willard, D.A., W.A. DiMichele, J.C. Hower, D.L. Eggert, C.B. Rexroad and A.C. Scott. 1995. Paleoecology of the Springfield Coal Member (Middle Pennsylvanian, Illinois Basin) near the Leslie Cemetery Paleochannel, southwestern Indiana. International Journal of Coal Geology 27: 59-98.

Wing, S.L. 1995. Tertiary vegetational history of North America as a context for mammalian evolution. In: C. Janis, L. Jacobs and K. Scott (eds.) Cenozoic Mammals of North America. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. (in press)

Wing, S.L. 1995. Global warming and plant species richness - a case study of the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. In: M. Reaka-Kudla and D. Wilson (eds.) Biodiversity II. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

Wing, S.L. 1995. Geosciences in review 1994: Paleobotany. Geotimes 40. (in press)

Wing, S.L., and W.A. DiMichele. 1995. Conflict between local and global changes in plant diversity through geological time. Pa/azos. (in press)

Wing, S.L., Alroy, J., and Hickey, L.J. 1995. Plant and mammal diversity in the Paleocene to early Eocene of the Bighorn Basin. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 115: 117-155.

Department of Vertebrate Zoology

Arrendondo, O., and S.L. Olson. 1994. A New Species of Owl of the Genus Bubo from the Pleistocene of Cuba (Aves: Strigiformes). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107(3):436-444.

Baldwin, C.C., and G.D. Johnson. 1994. [Review of} FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae. Subfamily Epinephelinae). 1993. By Philip C. Heemstra and John E. Randall. Copeza 1994(4):1058-1061.

. 1995. A Larva of the Atlantic Flashlight Fish,

Kryptophanaron alfredi (Beryciformes: Anomalopidae), with

a Comparison of Beryciform and Stephanoberyciform Larvae. Bulletin of Marine Science 56(1):1-24.

Balete, D.S., L.R. Heaney, and R.I. Crombie. 1995. First Records of Hippsideros lekaguli Thonglongya and Hill 1974 from the Philippines. Asta Life Sciences 4(1):89-94.

Banks, R.C. 1995. Ornithology at the U.S. National Museum of Natural History. In W.E. Davis, Jr. and J.A. Jackson, eds., Contributions to the History of North American Ornithology. Memorrs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club No. 12, PP. 33-53-

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. 1995. Thiornis sociata Navas, a Nearly Complete

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. 1995. Identification of the Blennioid Fish Taxa

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Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port

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McLean, James H. and M. G. Harasewych. 1995. Revision of Western Atlantic Species of Cocculinid and Pseudococculinid limpets, with Descriptions of New Species (Archaeogastropoda: Cocculiniformia). Contributions mm Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 1-33.

Norris, James N. and David L. Ballantine. 1995. Two new species of the red alga Chrysymenia J. Agardh (Rhodymeniales: Rhodymeniaceae) from the tropical western Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 108(1): 153-165.

Rice, Mary E., Julianne Piraino, and Hugh F. Reichardt. 1995. A Survey of the Sipuncula of the Indian River Lagoon. Bulletin of Marine Science. 57(1): 128-135.

Ruppert, Edward E. 1994. Evolution Origin of the Vertebrate Nephron. American Zoologist. 34: 542-553.

Ruppert, Edward E. and Mary E. Rice. 1995. Functional organization of dermal coelomic canals in Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula) with a discussion of respiratory designs in sipunculans. Invertebrate Biology. 114(1): 51-63.

Staton, Joseph L. and Darryl L. Felder. 1995. Genetic Variation in Populations of the Ghost Shrimp Genus Ca/lichirus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinoidea) in the Western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science. 56(2): 523-536.

Thomas, Mary Beth, Nancy C. Edwards, and Robert P. Higgins. 1995. Cryptohydra thieli n. gen., n. sp.:a meiofaunal marine hydroid (Hydroida, Athecata, Capitata). Invertebrate Biology, 114(2): 107-118.

Smithsonian Marine Sration at Link Port

Ballantine, David. L. and James N. Norris. 1994. Verdigellas, A New Deep-Water Genus (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyta) From the tropical Western Atlantic. Cryptogamic Botany. 4: 368-372.

Bieler, Riidiger. 1995. Vermetid Gastropods from Séo Miguel, Azores: Comparative Anatomy, Systematic Position and Biogeographic Affiliation. Agoreana, Supplement 173:192.

Boucaud-Camou, Eve and Clyde F. E. Roper. 1995. Digestive Enzymes in Paralarval Cephalapods. Bulletin of Marine Science, §7(2): 313-327.

Cappola, V. and R. B. Manning. 1994. Research on the coast of Somalia. Crustacea Stomatopoda. Tropical Zoology, 7: 271-291.

Felder, Darryl L. and Raymond B. Manning. 1995. Neocallichirus cacahuate, a new species ghost shrimp from the Atlantic Coast of Florida, with reexamination of N. Grandimana and N. Lemaitrei (Crustacea: Decapoda:

Callianassidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 108(3): 477-490.

Goodfriend, Glenn A., Michaele Kashgarian, and M. G. Harasewych. 1995. Use of aspartic acid racemization and post-bomb “C to reconstruct growth rate and longevity of the deep-water slit shell Extemnotrochus adansonianus. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta., 59(6): 1125-1129.

Hendler, G., J. E. Miller, D. L. Pawson, P. M. Kier. 1995. Starfish, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smzthsonian Press. 390 pages.

Jaeckle, William B. 1995. Variation in the Size, Energy Content, and Biochemical Composition of Invertebrate Eggs: Correlates to the Mode of Larval Development. IN: Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae. Editor, Larry McEdward, CRC Press, Marine Science Series. 49-77.

Kensley, Brian, Walter G. Nelson, Marilyn J. Schotte. 1995. Marine Isopod Biodiversity of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science. §7(1): 136-142.

Littler, Mark M. and Diane S. Littler. 1995. Impact of CLOD Pathogen on Pacific Coral Reefs. Science. 267: 1356-1360. Littler, Mark M., Diane S. Littler and Phillip R. Taylor. 1995.

Selective Herbivore Increases Biomass of its Prey: A Chiton-Coralline Reef-Building Association. Ecology. 76(5): 1666-1681.

Manning, Raymond B. and Darryl L. Felder. 1995. Description of the +ghost shrimp Sergzo mericeae, a new species from south Florida, with Reexamination of S. guassutinga (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 108(2): 266-180.

McLean, James H. and M. G. Harasewych. 1995. Revision of Western Atlantic Species of Cocculinid and Pseudococculinid limpets, with Descriptions of New Species (Archaeogastropoda: Cocculiniformia). Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 1-33.

Norris, James N. and David L. Ballantine. 1995. Two new species of the red alga Chrysymenia J. Agardh (Rhodymeniales: Rhodymeniaceae) from the tropical western Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 108(1): 153-165.

Rice, Mary E., Julianne Piraino, and Hugh F. Reichardr. 1995. A Survey of the Sipuncula of the Indian River Lagoon. Bulletin of Marine Science, 57(1): 128-135.

Ruppert, Edward E. 1994. Evolution Origin of the Vertebrate Nephron. American Zoologist, 34: 542-553.

Ruppert, Edward E. and Mary E. Rice. 1995. Functional organization of dermal coelomic canals in Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula) with a discussion of respiratory designs in sipunculans. Invertebrate Biology, 114(1): 51-63.

Staton, Joseph L. and Darryl L. Felder. 1995. Genetic Variation in Populations of the Ghost Shrimp Genus Cal/lichirus ( Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinoidea) in the Western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56(2): 523-536.

Thomas, Mary Beth, Nancy C. Edwards, and Robert P. Higgins. 1995. Cryptohydra thieli n. gen., n. sp.r a meiofaunal marine hydroid (Hydroida, Athecata, Capirata). Invertebrate Biology. 114(2): 107-118.

National Zoological Park

Allen, M.E. an O.T. Oftedal. 1994. The nutrition of carnivorous reptiles. pp. 71-82. In: Murphy, J.B., K. Adler, and J.T. Collins (eds.) Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles. Contributions to Herpetology Vol. 11. Ithaca, NY: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.

Allen, M.E. and R.J. Montali. 1995. Nutrition and disease in zoo animals. Verhber. Erkrg. Zootiere, 37:215-232.

Appel, M.J.G. and R.J. Montali. 1994. Canine Distemper and emerging morbillivirus diseases in exotic species. Proceedings. AAZV and ARAV, Annual Conference, October 22-27. pp. 336-339.

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1995. Inbreeding depression and outbreeding

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, M. Gilpin, and TJ. Foose (eds.) 1995. Population Management for Survival and Recovery: Analytical Methods and

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Boinski, S., E. Moraes, D.G. Kleiman, J.M. Dietz, and A.J. Baker. 1994. Intra-group vocal behaviour in wild golden lion tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia: honest communication of individual behaviour. Behaviour, 130 (1-2): 53-75.

Boness, D.J., W.D. Bowen, and S.J. Iverson. 1995. Does male harassment of females contribute to reproductive synchrony in the grey seal by affecting maternal performance? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 36: 1-10.

Bush, M., R.J. Monrali, S. Murray, S. Holland, and T.M. Phillips. 1995. The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis in captive Marschie's tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus matschiet). Proceedings Joint Conference. American

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Carlstead, K. and D. Shepherdson. 1994. The effects of environmental enrichment on reproduction of zoo animals. Zoo Biology. 13:444—-458.

Chen, Yi-Ming A., Yng-Ju Jang, Phyllis J. Kanki, Quin-chun Yu, Jaang-Jiun Wang, Richard J. Montali, Kenneth P. Samuel, and Takis P. Wakis. 1994. Isolation and characterization of simian T-cell leukemia virus type II from New World Monkeys. Journal of Virology. Feb. pp. 1149-1157.

Cooper, A. 1994. Ancient DNA sequences reveal unsuspected phylogenetic relationships within New Zealand wrens (Acanthisitridae). Experientia, 50:558—5 63.

Davis, K.J., R.C. Bell, C.L. Wilhelmsen, M.J. Langford, and R.J. Montali. 1994. Immunoyhistochemical analysis of spontaneous pancreatic islet amyloid deposits in non-human primates. Verer:nary Pathology 31:479-480

Dein, FJ., A. Wilson, D. Fischer, and P. Langenberg. 1994. Avian leucocyte counting using the hemocytometer. J. of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25(3):432-437.

Dias, J.L.C. and R.J. Montali. 1994. Staphylococcosis in captive exotic waterfowl. Avian Pathology. 23:655—669.

Dietz, J.M., A.J. Baker, and D. Migioretti. 1994. Seasonal variation in reproduction, juvenile growth, and adult body mass in golden lion tamarins (L. rosalia). American Journal Primatology. 34:115—132.

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Duncan, M., D.K. Nichols, and R.J. Monrali. 1994. An epizootic of Salmonella enteritidis at the National Zoological Park. Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians and American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Pittsburgh, PA., October 22-27, 246-248.

, L. Tell, C.H. Gardiner, and R.J. Montali. 1995. Lingual gongylonemiasis and pasteurellosis in Goeldi’s monkeys (Callimico goeldit). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 26(1): 102-108.

Fael, S., L. Brown, D. Nichols, M. Greenwell, and V. Beasley. 1994. Assessment of the health status of cricket frogs (Acris

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1995. Aspergillosis in a Hand-reared Flamingo Chick.

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Perry, E.A.,S.M. Carr, S. Bartlett, and W.S. Davidson. 1995. The evolution of reproductive behavior in pagophilic seals

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Piper, W.H. 1994. Courtship, copulation, nesting behavior and brood parasitism in the Venezuelan stripe-backed wren. Condor, 96:654—671.

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Schulman, F.Y., A. Farb, R. Virmani, and R.J. Montali. 1995. Fibrosing cardiomyopathy in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the United States: a retrospective study. Journal of Zoo and wildlife Medicine, 26(1): 43-51.

Spelman, .H., et a/. 1995. Effect of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone administration on plasma corticosterone concentrations in American black duck (Anas rubripes). Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 31:136-141.

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Neale, P.J. and Priscu, J.C. (1995). The photosynthetic apparatus of phytoplankton from a perennially ice-covered Antarctic lake: Acclimation to an extreme shade environment. Plant Cell Physiol. 36:253-263.

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Larry Baukin. Laughing Souls and Other Bizarre Visitations (Minneapolis, Minn: Thaumysta Publishing Co. 1995).

William E. Baxter. “American Psychiatry Celebrates 150 Years of Caring.” Psychiatric Clinics of North America XVII (3): 683-93.

Martin R. Kalfatovic. “Planning Basics for a Library FTP Site: The "Increase and Diffusion of Knowledge’ at Smithsonian Institicuion Libraries,” pp. 37-44 in The Internet Library: Case Studies of Library Internet Management and Use edited by Julie Stull. Westport, CT: Mecklermedia, 1994.

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. Review. “Edward Hopper: An Intimate Biography” (1995) by Gail Levin. Library Journal 120(14) (September 1, 1995): 171-72.

. Review. “Surrealism in Exile” (1995) by Martica

Sawin. Library Journal 120(13) (August 1995): 73.

. Review. “Encyclopedia of Traditional Epics” (1994) by Guida M. Jackson. RQ 34 (4): 517, (Summer 1995).

. Review. “Art & Money" (1995) by Marc Shell. Library Journal 120 (11): 69, June 15, 1995.

. Review. “The National Jobline Directory” (1994) by Robert Schmidt. RQ 34 (3): 401, Spring 1995.

. Review. “John Sloan: Painter and Rebel” (1995) by John Loughery. Library Journal 120 (9): 68, May 15, 1995.

. Review. “Gustave Klimpt: Painter of Women by Susanna

Partsch, Monet at Giverny by Karin Sagner-Dichting, and

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. Review. “Against the Grain: The New Criterion on Art and Intellect at the End of the Twentieth Century’ (1995) by Hilton Kramer, ed. Library Journal 120 (4): 68, March 1, 1995.

. Review. “Les Demozselles d'Avignon” (1994) by William Rubin, et al. Library Journal 120 (2) : 74, February 1, 1995.

. Review. “Walkthroughs and Flybys CD” (1993) by Phil Shatz. CD-ROM Professional 8 (1): 108-09, January 1995.

. Review. “Cy Twombly: A Retrospective” (1994) by Kirk Varnedoe. Library Journal 120 (1): 99, January 1995.

. Review. “Critical Approaches to Information Technology in Librarianship: Foundations and Applications” (1993) John Buschman, ed. Technology and Culture 36 (1): 199-200, January 1995.

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Johnston. Library Journal 119 (18) : 82 November 1, 1994. . Review. “Fernand Léger. 1911-1924: The Rhythm of Modern Life” (1994) by Dorothy Kosinski, ed. Library Journal 119 (16): 76, October 1, 1994.

Kay A. Kenyon, compiler. Directory of Zoo and Aquarium Libraries 5th edition (1994).

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Sheila M. Riley. Review. Aloha: a novel by Mark Christensen. Library Journal 119 (12): 125. July 1994.

-Review. The Junky’s Christmas and other stories edited

by Elisa Segrave. Library Journal 119 (21): 1336, December

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-Review. Banana Rose by Natalie Goldberg. Lzbrary

Journal 120 (3): 180, February 15, 1995.

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Journal 120 (7): 111, April 15, 1995.

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Ruth Schallert. Review. The poet's delay: A collection of poetry by America’s greatest observer of nature. by H. D. Thoreau (Boston and New York: 1992). Archives of Natural History 21 (3): 431, 1994.

Diane Shaw. Review. Margins and Marginality: The Printed Page in Early Modern England by Evelyn B. Tribble. Charlottesville and London: Univ. Press of Virginia, 1993. Rare Books & Manuscripts Librarianship 10 (1): 49-51, 1995.

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Achenbach, Hans, Lottes, Monika, Waibel, Reiner, Karikas, George A., Correa, Mireya D. and Gupta, Mahabir P. “Alkaloids and Other Compounds From Psychotria correae.” Phytochemistry 38(6): 1537-1545 (1995).

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Adler, Gregory H., Austin, Christopher C. and Dudley, Robert. “Dispersal and Speciation of Skinks Among Archipelagos in the Tropical Pacific Ocean.” Evolutionary Ecology 9: 529-541 (1995).

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Allen, Gerard R. and Robertson, D. Ross. “Pseadogramma axelrodi, A New Species of Serranid Fish from the Tropical Eastern Pacific.” Tropical Fish Hobbyst 44: 72-75 (1995).

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Camacho, Rosa and Salazar Allen, Noris. “Notas Preliminares Sobre las Esporas de Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwaegr, y Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr.” Briolatina 35: 6 (1995).

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Choe, J.C. “Ingenious Design of Tent Roots by Peter’s Tent-Making Bat, Uroderma bilobatum (Chiroptera: Phyllodyomidae.” Journal of Natural History 28: 731-737 (1994).

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Clifton, Kenneth E. “Asynchronous Food Availability on Neighboring Caribbean Coral Reefs Determines Seasonal Patterns of Growth and Reproduction for the Herbivorous Parrotfish Scarus iserti.” Marine Ecology - Progress Series 116(1-3): 39-46 (1995).

Cochard, H., Ewers. FW. and Tyree, Melvin T. “Water Relations of a Tropical Vine-like Bamboo (Phipidocladum racemiflorum): Root Pressures, Vulnerability to Cavitation and Seasonal Changes in Embolism.” Journal of Experimental Botany 45(277): 1085-1089 (1994).

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Condit, Richard, Hubbell, Stephen and Foster, Robin B. “Demography and Harvest Potential of Latin American Timber Species: Data from a Large, Permanent Plot in Panama.” Journal of Tropical Forest Science 7(4): 599-622 (1995).

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Correa, Mireya D. “Herbario de la Universidad de Panama e Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales, Panama.” In: 270 Plantas Medicinales Iberoamericanas. edited by M.P. Gupta. CYTED: Convenio Andrés Bello, Santa Fé de Bogota (1995).

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Craig, Catherine L. and Ebert, K. “Colour and Pattern in Predator-Prey Interactions—The Bright Body Colours and Patterns of a Tropical Orbspinning Spider Attract Flower-Seeking Prey.” Functional Ecology 8(5): 616-620 (1994).

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Dalling, James W., Swaine, M.D. and Garwood, N.C. “Effect of Soil Depth on Seedling Emergence in Tropical Soil Seed-Bank Investigations.” Functional Ecology 9: 119-121 (1994).

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Wcislo, William T. “The Relevance of Mate Recognition to the Evolution of Sociality in Sweat Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae).” In: Les Insectes Socteaux: Proceedings of the 12th Congress International of the Union for the Study of Social Insects: 184. Paris: Universite Paris Nord (1994).

Weislo, William T. “Why Bother with Behavior?” [Book Review}. Journal of Insect Behavior 7(6): 891-893 (1994).

Wcislo, William T. and Buchmann, S.L. “Mating Behaviour in the Bees, Diexnomia heteropoda and Nomia tetrazonata, with a Review of Courtship in Nomiinae (Hymenoptera: Halictidae).” Journal of Natural History 29: 1015-1027 (1995).

Wcislo, William, Danforth, B.N. and Mieller, U.G. “In Memoriam: George Campbell Eickwort.” Imsect Soctoux 41: 461-463 (1994).

Weislo, William, Minckley, Robert L., Leschen, Richard A.B. and Reyes, Stephen. “Rates of Parasitism by Natural Enemies of a Solitary Bee, Diexnomia triangulifera (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera) in Relation to Phenologies.” Soctobiology 23(3): 265-273 (1994).

Wceislo, William and Turillazzi, Stefano. “Symbiosis: Parasitic and Beneficial Associations Among Social Insects: Intriduction.” In: Les Insectes Socteaux: Proceedings of the 12th Congress International of the Union for the Study of Social Insects: 191. Paris: Universite Paris Nord (1994).

Wceislo, William T. and West-Eberhard, Mary Jane. “Nourishment and Evolution 1n Insect Societies”, edited by James H. Hunt and Christine A. Nalepa [Book review]. Quarterly Review of Biology 70: 226 (1995).

Wieder, R.K. and Wright, S. Joseph. 1995. “Tropical Forest Litter Dynamics and Dry Season Irrigation on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.” Ecology 76(6): 1971-1979.

Weil, Ernesto and Knowlton, Nancy. “A Multi-Character Analysis of the Caribbean Coral Montastraea annularis (Ellis and Solander, 1786) and its Two Sibling Species M. faveolata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) and M. franksi (Gregory, 1895).” Bulletin of Marine Science 55(1): 151-175 (1994).

Wellington, Gerard M., Allen, Gerald R. and Robertson, D. Ross. “Xyrichtys perlas (Labridae), A New Species of Razorfish from the Tropical Eastern Pacific.” Revue fr. Aquariol. 21: 49-52 (1994).

Wellington, Gerard M. and Dunbar, R.B. “Stable Isotopic Signature of E] Nifio Southern Oscillation Events in Eastern Tropical Pacific Reef Corals.” Coral Reefs 14(1): 5-26 (1995).

West, Stuarc A. and Herre, E. Allen. “The Ecology of New World Fig-Paratizing Wasps Idarnes and Implications for the Evolution of the Fig-Pollinator Mutualism.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B) 258: 67—72 (1994).

Wilczynski, Walter, Rand, A. Stanley and Ryan, Michael J. “The Processing of Spectral Cues by the Call Analysis System of the Tangara Frog, Physalaemus pustulosus.” Animal Behaviour 49: 911-929 (1995).

Windsor, Donald M., Demacedo, M.V. and Siqueiracampos, A.D. “Flower Feeding by Species of Echoma chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on Mikania

(asteraceae) in Panama and Brazil.” Coleopterists Bulletin 49(2): 101-108 (1995).

Winter, Klaus and Engelbrecht, Bettina. “Short-Term CO, Responses of Light and Dark CO, Fixation in the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plant Kalanchoé pinnata.”

Journal of Plant Phystology 144: 462-467 (1994).

Winter, Klaus and Virgo, Aurelio. “Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 40-43, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

Wolda, Henk. “The Demise of the Population Regulation Controversy?” Research in Population Ecology: 37(1): 91-93 (1995).

Wong, Marina and Ventocilla, Jorge. A Day in Barro Colorado Island. Second Edition. Panama: Poligrdfica (1995).

. Un Déa en Ia Isla de Barro Colorado, Second Edition.

Panama: Poligrdfica (1995).

Wright, S. Joseph. “La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest (Book Review).” Vida Silvestre Neotropical 3: 51-52 (1994).

Wright, S. Joseph and Colley, Marti (editors). Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I. Nairobi: United Nations Environmental Program (1994).

. “Achievement Indicators of Short-Term Objectives.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 58-59, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

. “Biodiversity.” In: Accessing the Canopy:

Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 12-13, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

. “Canopy Energy Balance.” In: Accessing the Canopy:

Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 20, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

. “Effects of Ultra-Violet Radiation on the Upper

Canopy.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 55-56, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

. “Evaluation of the Prototype Construction Crane As

a Canopy Access System.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 5-11, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

. “Future Perspectives.” In: Accessing the Canopy:

Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 60-88, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

. “Introduction to Tropical Forests and the Parque

Natural Metropolitano.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the

Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 1-4, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994). . “Physiological Responses to Variation in

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 52, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

. “Preface.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: iv—v, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

. “Upper-Canopy Micro-Climate and Its Effect on

Plant Performance.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 23-25, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

Wright, S. Joseph, Gompper, Matthew E. and Deleon B. “Are Large Predators Keystone Species in Neotropical Forests? The Evidence from Barro Colorado Island.” Ozkos 71(2): 279-294 (1994).

Wright, S. Joseph, Mulkey, S.S. and Kitajima, Kaoru. “Leaf Area Seasonality in a Tropical Forest.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 29-32, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

Wright, S. Joseph and Samaniego, M. “Herbivory.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 17-18, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

Wright, S. Joseph and van Schaik, C.P. “Light and the Phenology of Tropical Trees.” American Naturalist 143: 192-199 (1994).

Yavitt, Joseph B., Battles, John J., Lnag, Gerald E. and Knight, Denis H. “The Canopy Gap Regime ina Secondary Neotropical Forest in Panama.” Journal of Tropical Ecology 11: 391-402 (1995).

Zeh, David. W., Zeh, Jeanne A. and May, C.A. “Charomid Cloning Vectors Meet the Pedipalpal Chelae: Single-Locus Minisatellitce DNA Probes for Paternity Assignment in the Harlequin Beetle-Riding Pseudoscorpion.” Molecular Ecology 3: 517-522 (1994).

Zeh, Jeanne A. and Zeh, David W. “Last-Male Sperm Precedence Breaks Down When Females Mate with Three Males.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 257: 287-292 (1994).

Zeh, Jeanne A. and Zeh, David W. “Tropical Liaisons on a Beetle’s Back.” Natural History 1994(3): 36-42 (1994).

Zimmermann, U., Hasse, A., Langbein, D and Meinzer, F. “Mechanisms of Long-Distance Water Transport in Plants: A re-Examination of Some Paradigms in the Light of New Evidence.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 48—49, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

209

Zotz, Gerhard, Harris, Gary, Koniger, Martina and Winter, Klaus. “High Rates of Photosynthesis in the Tropical Pioneer Tree, Ficus insipida Willd.” Flora 190: 265-272 (1995).

. “Photosynthesis and Carbon Gain of the Tropical

Pioneer Tree, Ficus insipida.” In: Accessing the Canopy: Assessment of Biological Diversity and Microclimate of the Tropical Forest Canopy: Phase I: 43-44, edited by S. Joseph Wright and Marti Colley (1994).

Zotz, Gerhard and Winter, Klaus. “Photosynthesis of a Tropical Canopy Tree, Cetba pentandra, in a Lowland Forest in Panama.” Tree Physiology 14(11): 1291-1301 (1994).

Zotz, Gerhard and Winter, Klaus. “Predicting Annual Carbon Balance from Leaf Nitrogen.” Naturwissenschaften 81: 449 (1994)

Arts and Humanities

Archives of American Art

Office of the Director

Wattenmaker, Richard J. “Les pays du danger, le pays de mes vingt ans"/"Jean Hugo and the First World War," in Jean Hugo Dessins des années de guerre (1915-1919. exhibition catalogue, Musée national de la coopération franco-américaine, Chateau de Blérancourt, October Is, 1994—January 30, 1995 and Historial de la grande guerre, Péronne, February 15s—May 15, 1995.

. Observations sur Jean Hugo," in Jean Hugo. exhibition catalogue, Maison de Victor Hugo, Paris, November 22, 1994—February 26, 1995.

. “Samuel Yellin Metalworker,” public lecture, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens, Akron, Ohio, February 7, 1995. . “Dr. Albert C. Barnes and The Barnes Foundation,”

public lecture, Philadelphia Museum of Arc, March 17, 1995.

. “Jean Hugo: Le peintre,” public lecture, Musée Fabre, Montpellier, France, May 29, 1995.

. "Lart de Jean Hugo.” in exhibition catalogue, Jean Hugo: Une Reétrospectif, Réunion des musées nationaux, Actes Sud and Musée Fabre, Montpellier, Musée Fabre, May 30—October 8, 1995.

. “The Western Tradition of Wrought Ironwork,”

lecture, as part of symposium, Expressive Design in Iron: A Penland Symposium, Penland School of Crafts, Penland, North Carolina, September 14-17, 1995.

New England Region

Brown, Robert F. Editor. Archives of American Art Journal, Vol. 33 no. 3, Vol. 33 no. 4, Vol. 34 no. I: (1994-1995).

210

Southeast Region

Kirwin, Liza. public lecture, “The East Village in the 1980s: The Evolution of an Art Scene from Block Party to Cocktail Reception.” George Mason University, December 1, 1994.

. organizer/moderator, “The Life History of an

Object,” twenty-seventh meeting of the Smithsonian

Forum on Material Culcure. National Museum of American

Art and National Portrait Gallery Building. October 5,

1994.

. “Report of the October Meeting, The Life History of

an Object.” The Grapevine (November 1994):5.

. gallery talk, “The Real Inside Story of Roy de Forest.” National Museum of American Art, November 2, 1994.

. public lecture, “Pluralism and the East Village art scene in the 1980s.” University of Maryland at College Park, March 28. 1995.

. “Transparent Truths: Glass In the Archives of American Art,” lecture as part of symposium, Glass Weekend '95. The Arc Alliance for Contemporary Glass, the Creative Glass Center of America, and the James Renwick Alliance, Millville, New Jersey, June 10-11, 1995.

. “Material Matters: Things at the Archives of American Art.” The Grapevine (September 1995):I.

. public lecture, “Primary Evidence: The Papers of Latino and African American Artists at the Archives of American Art.” University of Texas at Austin, October 25, 1994.

West Coast Region

Karlstrom, Paul J. public lecture, “The Many Faces of Public Service,” public lecture, Stanford University, October 16, 1994.

. “Interviewing Artists: Myth and Image,” public lecture as part of Oral History Association annual meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 27, 1994.

. “The Asian-American Experience in the Visual Arts,” public lecture, Honolulu Academy of the Arts, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 30, 1994.

. “California Figurative Art,” public lecture, as part of Art Forum program, Rancho Santiago College, Santa Ana, California, November 14, 1994.

. “Education and the Archives of American Art,” public lecture and recipient of, Distinguished Alumnus Award, Los Angeles Valley College, Van Nuys, California, March, 1995.

. “Figuration and Personalism in California Painting,” public lecture, M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, California, April 27, 1995.

. They Painted from Their Hearts: Pioneer Asian American

Artists, catalogue, Wing Luke Asian Museum, Seattle, Washington, with forward to the “Asian American Artists Directory,” Spring 1995.

New York Region

Polcari, Stephen. “Barnett Newman's Broken Obelisk,” Art Journal. Winter, 1994 . “Abstract Expressionism as, Historical Myth,” in

Giese, Lucrecia and Burnham, Patricia, Redefining American History Painting, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

. guest seminar, University of Delaware, Winter and Spring, 1995.

. public lecture, “American Artists Respond to World

War II: From Omaha to Abstract Expressionism,” University of Delaware, March 1994.

. public lecture, “Adolph Gottlieb, ” Brooklyn Museum, March 1995. . public lecture, “Pre-Pop Art at Rutgers,” Newark

Museum, June 1995. . public lecture. “Lee Krasner,” Krasner Symposium, Pollock-Krasner House and Study Center, August, 1995.

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

Office of the Director

Beach, Milo Cleveland. “Characteristics of the St. Petersburg Album.” Orientations. (January 1995), 66-79.

. Review of Sammlung Alice Boner—Illustriertes Gesamtverzeichnis indischer Bilder, by Georgette Boner, Eberhard Fischer, and B.N. Goswamy. Orientations, (December 1994), 57-58.

Research and Collections Division

Chase, W.T. “Chinese Bronzes: Casting, Finishing, Patination and Corrosion.” In Ancient and Historic Metals: Conservation and Scientific Research, edited by David Scott, Jerry Podany, and Brian B. Consadine, 85—117. Marina del Rey, California: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1994.

Chase, W.T. and Jane Bassett. “Considerations in the Cleaning of Ancient Chinese Bronze Vessels.” In Ancient and Historic Metals; Conservation and Scientific Research, edited by David Scott, Jerry Podany, and Brian B. Consadine, 63-74. Marina del Rey, California: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1994.

Chase, W.T., I. Lynus Barnes and Emile C. Joel. “Lead Isotope Ratios.” In Eastern Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections. Volume II]: Ancient Chinese Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Foundation and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 1995.

Chase, W.T., Jin Zhengyao, et. al. “A Study of the Ratios of Lead Isotopes in Bronzes from Shang Tombs at

Dayangzhou, Xingan.” Kaogu (Archaeology), no. 8 (1994), 735. 744-747.

Chase, W.T., Jin Zhengyao, Hisao Mabuchi, Chen Dean, Karoku Miwa, Yoshimitsu Hirao, and Zhao Dianzheng. “A Study on Lead Isotope Ratios of the Sanxingdui Pit-burial Bronzes.” Wen Wu, no. 2 (1995), 80-85.

Cort, Louise Allison. A Basketmaker in Rural Japan (video). Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Mercury Productions, 1994.

. “Hiroshima Kazuo: A Basketmaker in Rural Japan.”

Orientations (March 1995): 56-59.

. "The Changing Fortunes of Three Archaic Japanese Textiles.” In Cloth and Human Experience. Tokyo: Domesu Shuppan, 1995.

Cort, Louise Allison, with Nakamura Kenji. A Basketmaker in Rural Japan. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Weatherhill, 1994.

Dehejia, Vidya. “Iconographic transference between Krsna and Three Saiva Saints.” In Indian Art and Connoisseurship. Essays in honour of Douglas Barrett, edited by John Guy. Ahmedabad and New Delhi: I.G.N.C.A. and Mapin Publishing, 1995.

. “Women's Body: Site of Contestation.” In Meera Devidayal. Bombay: Cymroza Gallery, 1995.

Gunter, Ann. “Marble Sculpture.” Labraunda Excavations and Researches Vol. II, Part 5. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, 1995.

. “Material, Technology, and Techniques in Artistic Production.” In Civilizatzons of the Ancient Near East. edited by Jack M. Sasson. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1995.

Jett, Paul, K. Aslihan Yener, and Annemarie Adriaens. “Silver and Copper Artifacts from Ancient Anatolia.” JOM: The Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Matertals Soctety 47 (May 1995): 70-72.

Lawton, Thomas. “Artibus Asiae: Seventieth Anniversary.” Artibus Astae LV, 1/2 (1995): 5-16.

. “Yamanaka Sadajiro: Advocate for Asian Art.”

Orientations 26 (January 1995): 80-93. Merrill, Linda. “Conspiring Against Whistler.” Tare: The Art Magazine 4 (October 1994) 28-31. . “Whistler and the ‘Lange Lijzen’.” The Burlington Magazine 126 (October 1994): 683-90. ,ed. With Kindest Regards: The Correspondence of Charles Lang Freer and James McNeill Whistler, 1890-1903. Washington, D.C.: Freer Gallery of Art and Smithsonian

Institution Press, 1995.

and Ann Yonemura. “James McNeill Whistier and Japan.” American Art Review 7 (June—July 1995): 138-43 and 159-160.

So, Jenny. “Bronze Ritual Vesseis from the Collection of the Freer Gallery of Art: 1960-1990.” In Wenwu kaogu luncong: essays in commemoration of the 30th anniversay of the Min Chiu Society, Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Min Chiu Society and Woods Publishing Company, 1995.

211

. “An Inscribed Early Eastern Zhou fow in the Arthur M. Sackler Collection.” Artibus Asiae LIV, 3/4 (1994): 199-206.

Stuart, Jan. “Beyond Paper: Chinese Calligraphy on Objects.” The Magazine Antiques (October 1995): 502-513.

, ed. Calliope. May—June 1995.

. “Review of The Porcelains of Jingdezhen. by Rosemary

Scott, ed.” The China Quarterly (December 1994): 1146-1148.

. “Unified Style in Chinese Painting and Porcelain the

18th Century.” Oriental Art XLI (Summer 1995): 32-46.

Center for Museum Studies

Fuller, Nancy and Susanne Fabricius. “Native American Museums and Cultural Centers: Origins and Current Issues” in Native America in the 20th Century: An Encyclopedia. (Mary Davis, ed.) New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. 1995.

American Indian Museum Studies Program

Cooper, Karen. “American Indians Working in Non-Indian Museums” in The Sourcebook: Museums Educating for the Future. Sourcebook for the 1995 American Association of Museums annual meeting.

"On Exhibit/A Matter of Access: Milestones in

Exhibits Concerning American Indians in the United States

and Canada, 1976-1994." Center for Museum Studies Bulletin,

Volume 2, Number 1, October 1995.

"Traveling Exhibitions for Tribal Museums" in Perspectives: A Resource for Tribal Museums. Series Number One of the American Indian Museum Studies Program, Center for Museum Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, January 1995, I-s.

"Why Have a Native American Advisory Council." The Exhibitionist (Spring 1995) 18-19.

Cooper, Karen and Allison Wickens. Directory of Participants, American Indian Museum Studies Workshops and Internships, 1991-1994. Washington, DC: Center for Museum Studies, Smithsonian Institution, 1995.

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

Department of Drawings and Prints

Davidson, Gail S. Contributed to Nature Observed. Nature Interpreted, Nineteenth-Century American Landscape Drawings from the National Academy of Design and Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. Smithsonian Institution. New York:

212

National Academy of Design with Cooper-Hewitr, National Design Museum, 1995.

Horwitz, Elizabeth. Contributed to Nature Observed, Nature Interpreted. Nineteenth-Century American Landscape Drawings from the National Academy of Design and Cooper-Hewttt, National Design Museum, Smithsonian Institution. New York: National Academy of Design with Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, 1995.

Symmes, Marilyn and Dita Amory. Nature Observed. Nature Interpreted. Nineteenth-Century American Landscape Drawings from the National Academy of Design and Cooper-Hewttt, National Design Museum, Smithsonian Institution. New York: National Academy of Design with Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, 1995.

. “James Ingo Freed’s Sketchbooks: A Language of

Lines & Angles.” The Print Collector's Newsletter. Vol. XXVI,

No.2, May—June 1995.

Office of Public Programs

Yelavich, Susan. “Reunions: Toasting the Real McCoys.” I. D. (September/October 1995) p.32.

Department of Textiles

Commoner, Lucy. “An Approach to Problem Solving Through an Interdisciplinary Roundtable Discussion on Sample Books.” Symposium preprints for Treatment and Handling of Textiles with Associated Problematic Materials. Textile Conservation Group, October 1994.

Sonday, Milton with Santina Levey. “The Emergence and Development of the Two Basic Lace Techniques.” Contact, Crossover. Continuity: The Proceedings of the Fourth Biennial Symposium of the Textile Society of America. Inc. Textile Society of America, 1994, 139-145.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Office of the Director

Weil, Stephen E. A Cabinet of Curtosities: Inquiries into Museums and Their Prospects. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.

. “Measuring Museums’ Merit.” Museum News 74 (January—February 1995): 22-24, 57-58, 63.

Office of Public Affairs

Sidney Lawrence. “The Roger Brown Mosaic at Foley Square, New York.” New York: U.S. General Services Administration, Public Buildings Service, 1995. [Brochure.]}

. “Alison Saar.” In Localities of Destre: Contemporary Art

in an International World. ed. Bernice Murphy, 65-66.

Sydney: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1994. [Exhibition catalogue.} Excerpted from exhibition brochure Directions—Altson Saar. Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1993.

Department of Conservation

Lake, Susan. “The Analysis of a Moisture-Sensitive Painting.” 1995 AIC Paintings Speciality Group Postprints. Paper presented at the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, Saint Paul, Minnesota, June

1995.

Department of Painting and Sculpture

Benezra, Neal. Bruce Nauman. Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1994. [Exhibition brochure.]

Benezra, Neal, and Kathy Halbreich. Bruce Nauman. Minneapolis: Walker Art Center in Association with Distributed Art Publishers, 1994. [Exhibition catalogue.]

. Bruce Nauman. Minneapolis: Walker Art Center in Association with Distributed Art Publishers, 1994. {Catalogue raisonné.]}

Cruz, Amada. Dzrections—Gary Simmons. Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1994. {Exhibition brochure.}

Fletcher, Valerie. Alberto Giacomett:: The Paintings. Ph.D. diss., New York and Ann Arbor: Columbia University and University of Michigan, 1995.

. The Human Figure Interpreted: Modern Sculpture from the

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. In English/Chinese.

Taipei: Taipei Fine Arts Museum, 1995. [Exhibition

catalogue.]}

. The Human Figure Interpreted: Modern Sculpture from the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. In English/Japanese. Tokyo: Yomiuri Shimbun, 1995.

{Exhibition catalogue.}

Gettings, Frank. Dzrections—Martin Kippenberger: Works on Paper. Washington, D.C. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1995. [Exhibition brochure.]

Rosenzweig, Phyllis. Dzrecttons—Cindy Sherman: Film Stills. Washington, D.C. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1995. [Exhibition brochure.]

Viso, Olga M. Transcending the Borders of Memory: Maria Brito/Maria Martinez-Canas/Ana MendietalMarta Magdalena Campos-Pons. West Palm Beach, Florida: Norton Museum of Art, 1994. {Exhibition brochure.]

. “Artists of the American Scene: The Gronlund Collection of American Twentieth-Century Prints.” American Art Review 6, no. 6 (December 1994—January 1995): 122-25. Excerpted from exhibition brochure Artists of the American Scene: The Dr. Robert B. and Dorothy M. Gronlund Collection of American Twentieth-Century Prints. West Palm Beach, Florida: Norton Museum of Art, 1994.

. “Elaine Reichek.” In Localities of Desire: Contemporary Art in an International World. ed. Bernice Murphy, 61. Sydney, Australia: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1994. {Exhibition catalogue]. Excerpted from exhibition brochure Sign Language: Works by Elaine Reichek. West Palm Beach, Florida: Norton Museum of Art, 1993.

Zilczer, Judith. “Curatorial Perspective on Comparisons: An Exercise in Looking.” In “Taking Center Stage: Instructional Exhibitions at Arc Museums,” ed. Elizabeth Ziebarth et al., The Sourcebook: Museums Educating for the Future. 205. Paper presented at the American Association of Museums Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, May 21-25, 1995.

Institutional Studies Office

Bielick, Stacey, Pekarik, Andrew J., and Doering, Zahava D., with the assistance of Ziebarth, Elizabeth K., Smith, Steven J, and Bickford, Adam. Beyond the Elephant: A Report Based on the 1994-1995 National Museum of Natural History Visitor Survey. Washington, D. C.: Institutional Studies Office, Smithsonian Institution, 1995 [Report 95-6]

Doering, Zahava D. Who Attends Our Cultural Institutions?: A Progress Report Based on the Smithsonian Institution Marketing Study, Washington, D. C.: Institutional Studies Office, Smithsonian Institution, 1995 [Research Note 95-5].

. Who Attends the Smithsonian Craft Show?: Results from

the 1995 Smithsonian Craft Show Survey, Washington, D. C.:

Institutional Studies Office, Smithsonian Institution, 1995 {Research Note 95-4].

and St.Thomas, Linda. 1994 Visits to Smithsonian Museums. Washington, D. C.: Institutional Studies Office, Smithsonian Institution, 1995 [Report 95-1].

, Pekarik, Andrew J., and Kindlon, Audrey E. Different Sites, Different Views: A Study of the Degenerate Art: The Fate of the Avant Garde in Nazi Germany Exhibition. Washington, D. C.: Institutional Studies Office,

Smithsonian Institution, 1995 [Report 95-2].

, Pekarik, Andrew J., and Kindlon, Audrey E. Mechanical Brides: Women and Machines from Home to Office. A Study of an Exhibition at the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. Washington, D. C.: Institutional Studies Office,

Smithsonian Institution, 1995 [Report 95-3].

, Smith, Steven J, Pekarik, Andrew J., Bickford, Adam, and Manning, Robert D. From Reptile Houses to Reptile Discovery Centers. A Study of the Reptile Discovery Centers Project at the Nattonal Zoological Park. Zoo Atlanta and the Dallas Zoo. Washington, D. C.: Institutional Studies Office. Smithsonian Institution, 1994 [Report 94-4].

Ziebarth, Elizabeth K., Smith, Steven J, Doering, Zahava D., and Pekarik, Andrew J. Air and Space Encounters: A Report Based on the 1994 National Air and Space Museum Visitor

Survey. Washington, D. C.: Institutional Studies Office, Smithsonian Institution, 1995 [Report 95-4].

National Air and Space Museum

Office of the Director

Harwit, Martin and staff. Treasures of the National Air and Space Museum, New York: Abbeville Press, 1995.

Department of Aeronautics

Crouch, Tom. “Military Aviation” in the Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia, 1995.

Dietz, Tom. On Miniature Wings: Model Aircraft of the National Air and Space Museum. Charlottesville, Virginia: Thomasson-Grant, 1995.

Fishbein Sam. Flight Management Systems. The Evolution of Avionics and Navigation Technology. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 1995.

Neufeld, Michael. The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemiinde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era. New York: The Free Press, 1995.

. “Der soziale und kulturelle Kontext der Raketenund

Raum fahrtbewegung in der Weimarer Republik.” In Vernichtung durch Fortschritt: Am Berspiel der Raketenproduktion 1m Konzentrationslager Mittelbau. edited by Torsten Hef and Thomas A. Seidel, 19-31. (Revision of “Weimar Culture and Futuristic Technology”.) Bad Minstereifel: Westkreuz-Verlag, 1995.

Pisano, Dominick. “Edwin A. Link: Pioneer-Mythmaker” {introduction} Edwin A. Lind and the Air Age. Binghamton, N.Y.: Roberson Center for the Arts and Sciences, 1994.

. “Aeronautics and Astronautics Bibliography,” Collier's Encyclopedia. 1994.

. “Aerospace Industry,” International Yearbook 1995 {Annual Supplement to Collier's Encyclopedia}. New York: PF. Collier, 1995.

. “Benedict Crowell” in The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia, ed. Anne Cipriano Venzon. New York: Garland Publishing, 1995.

. [Book review] Dean Jaros, Heroes Without Legacy:

American Airwomen, 1912-1944. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1993, The Journal of American History. June

1995, 305. . {Film review] “Amelia Earhart,” written, produced

and directed by Nancy Porter Productions for The American Experience, 1993, The Journal of American History. December 1994, 1405-1406.

. Introduction, “Flight and Society,” From Airships to Airbus: The History of Civil and Commercial Aviation. Vol. 2. Pioneers and Operations. Proceedings of the International

Conference on the History of Civil and Commercial

214

Aviation. Swiss Transport Museum, Lucerne. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995, 67-70.

van der Linden, F. Robert. “Progressives and the Post Office: Walter Folger Brown and the Creation of United States Air Transportation,” in William M Leary (ed.) From Airships to Airbust: The History of Civil and Commercial Aviation, Vol. 2, Pioneers and Operations. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.

van der Linden, F. Robert and Frank H. Winter. “Out of the Past: An Aerospace Chronology, Aerospace America. Monthly column.

Center for Earth and Planetary Studies

Campbell, B.A. and D.B. Campbell. “Venus highland surface characteristics,” EOS, AGU Spring Mtng., S193, 1995.

Campbell, B.A., M.K. Shepard and D.B. Campbell. “Surface roughness and diffuse radar scattering: Terrestrial field data applied to Venus studies,” DPS Mtng, 1995.

Campbell, B.A., B.R. Hawke, and T.W. Thompson. “Radar studies of the lunar regolith,” LPSC XXVI. 199s.

Craddock, Robert A. “Geologic history of Isidis and Syrtis Major Planum, Mars,” Lunar and Planetary Science, XXV. 291-292, 1994.

. “The origin of Phobos and Deimos,” Lunar and

Planetary Science. XXV. 293-294, 1994.

. “Rationale for a Mars Pathfinder mission to Chryse Planitia, Mars,” Lunar and Planet. Inst. Tech. Report No. 94-04, 20-21, 1994.

. “Rationale for Isidis Planitia as a back-up landing

site for the Mars Pathfinder mission,” Lunar and Planet. Inst. Tech. Report No. 94-04. 21-22, 1994.

Craddock, Robert A. and Ronald Greeley. “Estimates of the amount and timing of gases released into the martian atmosphere from volcanic eruptions,” Lunar and Planetary Science XX VI, 287— 288, 1995.

Craddock, Robert A. and Kenneth L. Tanaka. “Estimates of the maximum and minimum flow velocities of the circum-Chryse outflow channels,” Lunar and Planet. Inst. Tech. Report No. 95-01, 9-10, 1995.

Craddock, R.A., T.A. Maxwell and A.D. Howard. “Morphomerric analyses of martian highland impact craters, "Lunar and Planetary Science XXVI." pp. 289-290. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1995.

Engle, EC. “An overview of satellite monitoring and deforestation estimates for Legal Amazonia,” (abstract) International Geographical Union Regional Conference of Latin American and Caribbean Countries 1995. La Habana, Cuba, p. 145, 1995.

. “Ground truthing in Rondonia,” South

AmericanExplorer. no 37. p. 16-21, 1994.

. “Increasing geographic awareness at the National Air

and Space Museum,” International Geographical Union Regional Conference on Environment and Quality 1994. Prague, Czech Republic, 1995.

Forsythe, R.D. and J.R. Zimbelman. “A case for ancient evaporite basins on Mars,” Journal Geophys. Res. 100. 5553-5563, 1995.

Hanley, D. and J.R. Zimbelman. “Topographic control of lava flow emplacement: Earth, Mars, and Venus,” Lunar and Planetary Science XXVI. pp. 545-546, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1995.

Harmon, J.K. and B.A. Campbell. “Radar scattering characteristics of Ares Vallis and environs from Arecibo observations,” Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Workshop II, 1995.

Jacobberger Jellison, P.A. “Fire-induced reddening of dune sands,” Journal of Arid Environments. v. 26. p.305-313, 1994.

Maxwell, T.A. and R.A. Craddock. “Age relations of Martian highland drainage basins,” Journal Geophys. Res.. v. 100.

Pp. 11765-11780, 1995.

Maxwell, T.A., C.V. Haynes Jr., S.R. Stokes and B.J. Szabo. “Predictive mapping and timing of aeolian and lacustrine deposits in the western desert of Egypt,” Geol. Soc. Am. Abs. Prog. 26.,1994.

Petrengill, G.H., Campbell, B.A., Campbell, D.B. and R. Simpson. “Venus surface electrical properties,” Venus II Conference, 1995.

Schultz, R.A. and T.R. Watters. “Elastic buckling of fraccured basalts on the Columbia Plateau, Washington State,” 35th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics. 885-860, 1995.

- Elastic buckling of fractured basalt: Case study of the Columbia Plateau, Earth, using an improved strength criterion," SPSC XXVI. 1255-1256, 1995.

Szabo, B.J., C.V. Haynes Jr. and T.A. Maxwell. “Ages of Quarernary pluvial episodes determined by uranium-series and radiocarbon dating of lacustrine deposits of Eastern Sahara,” Paleogeography. Paleoclimatology. Palaeoecology. v. 113. Pp. 227-242, 1995.

Watters, T.R. and D.M. Janes. “Coronae on Venus and Mars: Implications for similar structures on Earth,” Geology. 23, 200-204, 1995.

Watters, T.R. and R.A. Schultz. “Rock mass strength criterion applied to ridged plains on Mars: Implications for elastic buckling,” LPSC XXVI. 1471-1472, 1995.

Williams, S.H., J.R. Zimbelman and V.P. Tchakerian. “Sand transport in the Mojave Desert, California: Detection, sources, and ages,” Geol. Soc. Am. Abs. Prog. 267), A89, 1994.

Zimbelman, J.R., R.A. Craddock and R. Greeley. “Geologic map of the MTM 715147 quadrangle, Mangala Valles region of Mars,” U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Invest. Series Map 1-2402, scale 1:500,000., 1994.

Zimbelman, J.R. “Mapping constraints on lava flow fields on Mars and Venus,” Geol. Soc. Am. Abs. Prog. 26(7). A265, 1994.

. “An examination of hypotheses of formation for the

enigmatic massive deposits in Amazonis Planitia, Mars,” Lunar and Planetary Science XXVI. pp. 1559-1560, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1995.

. “An Evaluation of Emplacement Conditions for Long Volcanic Flows on Planetary Surfaces,” IUGG XXI General Assembly, Abs. A. A443, 1995.

."N.A.S.A.'s Planetary Cartography Ten-Year Plan:

1993-2003, 17th International Cartographic Conference and 1oth General Assembly of ICA,” Proceedings, Vol. 1. p. 453-461, 1995.

Zimbelman, J.R. and D. Hanley. “Topographic control of lava flow emplacement: Kilauea, Hawaii, Trans. Am Geophys. Union 7544), 736-737, 1994.

. “Topographic control of lava flow emplacement on

Venus and Mars, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 76(17). S191,

1995.

Collections Management

Bell, Dana. Colors and Markings of he A-10 Warthog. Waukesha, Wisconsin: Kalmbach Publishing Co., 1995.

Hagedorn, Dan. Alae Supra Canalem: Wings Over the Canal. the Sixth Air Force and the Antilles Air Command. Turner Publshing Co.: Paducah, KY, 1995.

. “The Curtiss-Wright 19R All-Metal Light Combat

Aircraft.” Skyways: The Journal of the Airplane. 1920-1940.

Fall (Quarterly) issue, 1995.

Department of Space History

Collins, Martin J. and Sylvia K. Kraemer, eds. Space: Discovery and Exploration. Southport, CT: Hugh Lauter Levis, 1994.

Herken, Gregg. “The University of California Case Study,” President's Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, September 1995.

. Reviews published in Joxzrnal of American History.

American Historical Review, and Washington Post Book World

Neal, Valerie, Cathleen S. Lewis and Frank H. Winter. Spaceflight: A Smithsonian Guide, New York: Macmillan USA, 1995.

Neal, Valerie, editor. Where Next Columbus? The Future of Space Exploration, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Smith, Robert W. and J.N. Tatarewicz. Invention: Devices and Black Boxes in Very Big Science," Osiris, 9(1994),

Pp. IOI-23.

Winter, Frank. “Friedrich Schmied|! (1902-1994): The Passing of Another Pioneer,” Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. Vol. 48, No. 5, May 1995, p. 235.

. “Black Betsy”: The 6000C-4 Rocket Engine,

1945-1989, Part 1," in John Becklake, ed., History of Rocketry

and Astronautics (American Astronautical History Series, Vol. 17) , Chapt. 16, pp. 221-252. San Diego, Calif.: Univelt Incorp., 1995.

Winter, Frank and George S. James. “Highlights of 50 Years of Aerojet, A Pioneering American Rocket Company, 1942-1992," Acta Astronauica, Vol. 35, No. 9-11, pp. 677-698.

”M

Winter, Frank and Frederick I. Ordway, III, editors. Journal of the British Interplanetary Soctety-Pioneering Rocketry & Spaceflight (Part V), Vol. 48, No. 5, May 1995.

Laboratory for Astrophysics

Gehrz, D., M.A. Greenhouse, T.L. Hayward, J.R. Houck, C.G. Mason and C.E. Woodward. “The Infrared Spectrum of The Optically Thin Dust Shell of V705 Cassiopeiae (Nova Cas 1993)", ApJ, 448, L119, 1995.

Gerhz, D., T.L. Hayward, J.R. Houck, J.W. Miles, R.M. Hjellming, T.J. Jones, C.E. Woodward, R. Prentice, W.J. Forrest, S. Libonate and S. Solomon. “RY Scuti: infrared and radio observations of the mass-loss wind of a massive binary star system,” ApJ, 439, 417, 1995.

Hayward, T.L., J. R. Houck and J. W. Miles. “Thermal Infrared Imaging of Sub-Arcsecond Structure in the Trapezium Nebula,” ApJ, 433, 157, 1995.

Lellouch, E., J. Goldstein, J. Rosenqvist, S. Bougher and G. Paubert. “Global Circulation, Thermal Structure, and Carbon Monoxide Distribution in Venus’ Mesosphere in 1991,” Icarus, 110, 315, 1994.

Miles, J.W., M.A. Greenhouse, H.A. Smith, M. Rebberr, P. Isaacson, C.R.K. Marrian, W.J. Moore and J. Fischer. “Metal mesh reflectors for far-infrared Fabry-Perot etalons and narrow band filters.” BAAS. 27, 818, 1995.

Nicholson, P.D., P.J. Gierasch, T.L. Hayward, C.A. McGhee, J.E. Moersch, S.W. Squyres, J. Van Cleve, K. Matthews, G. Neugebauer, D. Shupe, A. Weinberger, J.W. Miles and B.J. Conrath. “Palomar observations of the R impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9: I. light curves.” GRL, 22, 1613, 1995.

. “Palomar observations of the R impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9: II. spectra.” GRL, 22, 1617, 1995.

Nisini, B., H.A. Smith, J. Fischer and T.R. Geballe. “NGC2024-IRS2: Evidence of an Ourtburst in irs Near Infrared Line and Continuum Emission,” Astro. and Astrophys. , 290, 463, 1995.

Ponomarevy, V.O., H.A. Smith and VS. Strelnitski. “Modeling of the Hydrogen Maser Disk in MWC349", Ap]. 424, 976, 1994.

Reach, W.T., E. Dwek, D.J. Fixsen, T. Hewagama, J.C. Mather, R. A. Shafer, A.J. Banday, C.L. Bennett, E.S. Cheng, R.E. Eplee Jr., D. Leisawitz, P.M. Lubin, S.M. Read, L.P. Rosen, F.G.D. Shuman, T.J. Sodroski and E.L. Wright. “Far-Infrared Spectral Observations of the Galaxy by COBE/FIRAS,” ApJ. 451, 188, 1995.

Satyapal, S., D. Watson, J. Pipher, B. Forrest, S. Raines, S. Libonate, FE. Piche, M.A. Greenhouse, H.A. Smith, K. Thompson, J. Fischer, C. Woodward and T. Hodge. “Dust Extinction in M82: Near Infrared Hydrogen Recombination Line Observations”, Conference on Dust, 1994.

Satyapal, S.,D.M. Watson, J.L. Pipher, WJ. Forrest, D. Coppenbarger, S.N. Raines, S. Libonate, F. Piche, M.A. Greenhouse, H.A. Smith, K.L. Thompson, J. Fischer, C.E.

216

Woodward and T. Hodge. “High Spatial Resolution Fabry-Perot Imaging of M82: Near-Infrared Recombination Line Observations,” ApJ, 448, 611, 1995.

Smith, H.A., V.S. Strelnitski and V.O. Ponomarev. “Hydrogen Masers and Lasers in Space”, Festschrift for Charles H. Townes, Springer-Verlag, 1995.

Strelnitski, V.S., H.A. Smith, M.R. Haas, S.W.J. Colgan, E.F. Erickson, N. Geis, D.J. Hollenbach and C.H. Townes. “A Search for Hydrogen Lasers in MWC349 from the KAO,” In: Proceedings of the Airborne Astronomy Symposium on the Galactic Ecosystem: From Gast to Stars to Dust. ed. M.R. Haas, J.A. Davidson, and E.F. Erickson; San-Francisco: ASP, 1995, Pp.271-274, 1995.

Strelnitski, V.S., H.A. Smith, M. Haas, S. Colgan, E. Erickson, N. Geis, D. Hollenbach and C.H. Townes. “Will Natural Lasers be Detected from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory?” Proceedings of the Airborne Astronomy Symposium on the Galactic Ecosystem: From Gas to Stars, ed. M. Haas, J. Davidson and E. Erickson; San Francisco, ASP 1994.

Thum, C., V.S. Strelnitski, J. Martin—Pintado, H.E. Matthews and H.A. Smith. “Hydrogen Recombination beta-Lines in MWC349", Astron. and Astrophys., vol.300, pp. 843-850, 1995.

Van Buren, D., and M.A. Greenhouse. “A More Direct Measure of Supernova Rates in Starburst Galaxies,” Ap/. 431, 640, 1994.

Woodward, Charles, E., M.A. Greenhouse, R.D. Gehrz, Y.J. Pendleton, R.R. Joyce, D. Van Buren, J. Fischer, N.J. Jennerjohn and C.D. Kaminski. “The Temporal Evolution of The 1 to 5 Micron Spectrum of V1974 Cygni,” ApJ. 438, 921, 1995.

National Museum of African Art

Loughran, Kristyne. Art from the Forge. Washington, D.C., 1995 (National Museum of African Art).

Prussin, Labelle. African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place. and Gender. Washington, D.C., 1995 (Smithsonian Institution Press and National Museum of African Art).

Ravenhill, Philip L. “The Power of Objects” (Note), African Arts. Summer, 1995.

. “Introduction” in Museums and the Community in West

Africa. Edited by Claude Daniel Ardouin and Emmanuel

Arinze. London, 1994 (James Currey Publisher).

. “Grace Kwami Sculpture An Artist's Book by Atta

Kwami” (A Gallery Brochure for Young People), Washington, D.C., 1994 (National Museum of African Art). Staples, Amy J. “An Interview with Dr. Mondo” (Film Review Essay), American Anthropologist. March 1995, Vol. 97, No. I. Williams, Sylvia H. Mohammad Omer Khalil. etchings; Amur I. M. Nour, sculpture. Washington, D.C., 1994 (National Museum of African Art).

National Museum of American Art

Publications

American Art 9, no. I-3 (1995). National Museum of American Art, National Museum of

American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.,

1995.

Engelke, Lynn-Steven, Bottlecaps to Brushes: Art Activities for Kids, National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1995.

Foresta, Merry A. and John Wood, Secrets of the Dark Chamber: The Art of the American Daguerreotype, National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Insticution Press, Washington, D.C., 1995.

Foresta, Merry A. and Steve Dietz, American Scene: Spanish Harlem, Joseph Rodriquez, National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1994.

New Media Initiatives

White House Crafts, virtual tour on the World Wide Web,

1995. Secrets of the Dark Chamber: The Art of the American

Daguerreotype, virtual tour on the World Wide Web, 1995.

Gopher://nmaa-ryder.si.edu

Calendars

Rubdiyat of Omar Khayyam, Drawings by Elihu Vedder 1996 wall calendar, co-published with Pomegranate Calendars and Artbooks, 1995.

Art of the Southwest 1996 wall calendar, co-published with Pomegranate Calendars and Artbooks, 1995.

Free Within Ourselves 1996 wall calendar, co-published with Pomegranate Calendars and Artbooks, 1995.

Homecoming: The Art of William H. Johnson 1996 wall calendar, co-published with Pomegranate Calendars and Artbooks, 1995.

National Museum of American History

Department of History

Molella, Arthur P. “Apolitical Science.” Washington Post. “Arts” section, 16 October 1994.

. “Science in American Life’: An Exhibition.” News

and Views 11 (Fall-Winter 1994):1-2.

. “Scientists Should Inform Public of Impact of

Research on Society.” APS News 4 (January 1995):12.

. Letter to the Editor. Wall Street Journal (July 31,

1995): Als.

. Letter ro the Editor Scrence 266 (October 7, 1994).

Molella, Arthur P., with Carlene Stephens. “Naturwissenschaftliche Bildung ist Kein Luxus’: Die Austellung ‘Science in American Life’ in Washington.” Kultur & Technik 4 (1995).

Archives Center

Haberstich, David. “Betty Hahn: The Early Year.” In Berry Hahn: Photography or Maybe Not. Alburquerque, N.M.: University of New Mexico Press, 1995.

. “Tips On Identifying and Dating Photographic

Processes.” National Capital Buckeye Quarterly 6, no. 2

(Spring 1995): 7—I0. . “American Photographs in Europe and Illusions of

Travel,” pp. 57-75. In American Photographs in Europe. edited by David Nye and Mick Gidley for the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: VU University Press, 1994.

Harding, Robert S. Register of the Melvin Kranzherg Papers, 1934-1988. Washington, D.C.: Archives Center, National Museum of American History, 1995.

. Register of the Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated

American Sheet Music. ca. 1790-1980. Series 4: Songwriters,

1847-1975. Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: Archives Center, National Museum of American History, 1994.

Naff, Alixa. “The Early Arab Immigrant Experience.” In The Development of Arah American Identity, edited by Ernest McCarus. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1994.

Division of Cultural History

Bowers, Dwight Blocker, producer-editor. American Songhook Series: Fats Waller/Andy Razaf. With biographical essay and selection notes by J. R. Taylor. Smithsonian Collection of Recordings compact disc, 1995; AD-048-21.

. American Songbook Series: Richard Whiting. With

biographical essay and selection notes by Margaret

Whiting. Smithsonian Collection of Recordings compact disc, 1995; AD-048-22.

. American Songbook Series: Alec Wilder. With biographical essay and selection notes by James Morris.

Smithsonian Collection of Recordings compact disc, 1995; AD-048-24

Bowers, Dwight Blocker, producer-annotator. American Songbook Series: Arthur Schwartz. With biographical essay and selection notes by Dwight Blocker Bowers. Smithsonian Collection of Recordings compact disc, 1995; AD-048-24

Bowers, Dwight Blocker, producer-principal annotator. | Gor Rhythm: The Music of George Gershwin. Smithsonian Collection of Recordings 4 compact discs,1995; RD 107

Green, Rayna, and Howard Bass. “A Tale of Survival: An Interview With Rayna Green by Francine Cary.” Touchstone:

217

A Publication of the Tennessee Humanities Council, 27 (Fall 1994): 3-7.

. “The Tribe Called Wannabee: Playing Indian in Europe and America.” Reprinted in Ansyunwiya/Real

Human Beings: An Anthology of Contemporary Cherokee Prose. edited by J. Bruchac. Greenfield Center, N.Y.: The Greenfield Review Press, 1994.

Green. Rayna, and Howard Bass. producers. Heartheat: Vorces of First Nations Women. An audio-recording (CD and cassette) of women’s music from Native North America. Smithsonian Folkways compact disc and audiocassette, C-SF 40415.

Rayna Green and Howard Bass. “Heartbeat: The Voices of First Nations Women.” 1995 Festival of American Folklife Program Book. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution,1995.

Hasse, John Edward. Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington. Revised edition. New York: Da Capo Press,

1995.

. Music of the River. New Orleans: The Delta Queen Steamboat Co., 1995.

. “All That Jazz.” In The Smithsonian: 150 Years of Adventure, Discovery. and Wonder, by James Conaway.

Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books; New York: Alfred A.

Knopf, 1995.

. “Duke Ellington.” In Sepia Panorama. edited by Gunther Schuller. Washington, D.C.: Jazz Masterworks Editions, 1995.

. “Preserving the History of Jazz.” in Daybreak Express I, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 5-6.

Hasse, John Edward, producer and annotator. Beyond Category: The Musical Genius of Duke Ellington; His Greatest Victor, Bluebird. and RCA Victor Recordings. 1927-1967. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Collection of Recordings 2 compact discs; New York: BMG Music, 1994.

Hoover, Cynthia Adams. “Music and Theater in the Lives of Eighteenth-Century Americans.” In Of Consuming Interests: The Style of Life in the E:ghteenth Century. edited by Cary Carson, Ronald Hoffman, and Peter J. Albert, 307-353. Published for the United States Capitol Historical Society. Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 1994.

Hoover, Cynthia Adams, Paul Michael Taylor, and Patricia Thatcher, eds. The Gift as Material Culture. New Haven, Connecticut, and Washington, D.C.: Yale-Smithsonian Seminar on Material Culture. Ya/e-Smithsonian Reports on Material Culture, no. 4 ISSN 1080-0530.

Slowik, Kenneth, cond. Metamorphosis. Works by Samuel Barber, Edward Elgar, and Richard Strauss. Smithsonian Chamber Players.

Liner notes by Kenneth Slowik. BMG/deutsche harmonia mundi, compact disc. 05472-77343-2.

Slowik, Kenneth, cellist. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: String Quartets K387 & K421/417b. Performed by the Smithson String Quartet (Kenneth Slowik, cellist). Virgin Classic, compact disc. VC 72435-45029-27.

218

. Georges Onslow: String Quintets Opp. 38, 39 & 40. Archibudelli and the Smithsonian Chamber Players. Liner notes by Kenneth Slowik. SONY Vivarte, compact disc. SK 64-308.

. Friedrich Dotzauer: Chamber Music. Anner Bylsma

and members of the Smithsonian Chamber Players. Liner notes by Kenneth Slowik. SONY Vivarte, compact disc.

. Joseph Gehot: Chamber Music. Smithson String Quartet. Koch/Schwann, compact disc. 3-1558-2.

Slowik, Kenneth. Johannes Brahms: Cello Sonatas. Anner Bylsma and Lambert Orkis. Liner notes by Kenneth Slowik. Released in Europe and Asia. SONY Vivarte, compact disc. SK 68-249.

Slowik, Kenneth. “Issues in the Restoration of Musical Instruments." In The Age of Elegance. Ithaca, NY: New York State Early Music Association,1994.

Division of Science, Medicine and Society

Kondratas, Ramunas. Images from the History of the Public Health Service. Washington, D.C.: Government Printung Office, 1994.

. associate editor. The History of Pharmacy: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1995.

Sharrer, G. Terry. “The Great Glanders Epizootic, 1861-1866—A Civil War Legacy,” Agricultural History 69, no. I (Winter, 1995): 79-97.

Warner, Deborah J. “The Campaign for Medical Microscopy in Antebellum America,” Bulletin for the History of Medicine 69 (Fall 1995): 367-386.

. “Compasses and Coils: The Instrument Business of

Edward S. Ritchie.” Rittenhouse 9 (November1994): I-24.

. “The Microscopes and Telescopes of Robert B. Tolles. Rittenhouse 9 (May 1995): 65-83.

Division of the History of Technology

Johnson, Paul F. (ed.) Underwater Archeology Proceedings from the Society for Historical Archeology Conference. Washington, D.C.: Society for Historical Archeology, 1995.

and Paula J. Johnson eds. The Maritime Administration Collection of Ship Plans (1939-1970). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1994.

Langley, Harold D. A Hzstory of Medicine in the Early U.S. Navy. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1995.

. “An American Surgeon and His Papal Patient.” Fugitive Leaves. College of Physicians of Philadelphia (Spring 1995): 3-6.

Lubar, Steven. “Foreword.” InThe Smithsonian Visual Timeline of Inventions, by Richard Platt. London, England: Dorling Kindersley, 1994.

. “Inventing History.” Reviews in American History (December1994).

. “Representation and Power.” Technology and Culture

36, no. 2, suppl. (April 1995): 54-81.

. “In the Footsteps of Perry: The Smithsonian Goes to Japan.” The Public Historian (Summer 1995).

Stine, Jeffrey K. Twenty Years of Sctence in the Public Interest: A History of the Congressional Science and Engineering Fellowship

Program. Washington: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1994.

Division of Information Technology & Society

Allison, David K. “Computers and Education.” Radio programs prepared with Soundings, the radio service of the National Humanities Center, Fall 1995.

Bower, Thomas. “Make My Day, Use My Image: New Visual Resources Technologies and Some of the Applicable Laws from the User's Viewpoint.” Visual Resources Association Bulletin 22 (1995): 54.

Carter, Debbie. Book review. The Public Historian 17 (1995): 3-

Doty, Richard G. “Boulton, Watt and the Canadian Adventure.” In Coznage of the Americas Conference at the American Numismatic Society, New York, 1994.

Doty, Richard G. “Friends in Strange Places: Ancient and Medieval Coinage in the National Numismatic Collection.” The Picus (1994): 6-26.

Dory, Richard G. Radio scripts. American Numismatic Association of Colorado Springs, 1995.

Forman, Paul. “Swords into Ploughshares: Breaking new ground with radar hardware and technigue in physical research after World War II. Revzews of Modern Physics 67 (1995): 2.

Harris, Elizabeth M. “William Kelsey, Entrepreneur.” Campane (October 1995):1-11.

Harris, Elizabeth M. “The Rail Press.” Printing History 30 (1995): 42-48.

Kidwell, Peggy. “American Adders: Circles and Bands.” ETCetera: Magazine of the Early Typewriter Collectors Association 31 (June 1995): 3-6.

. “Ideology and Invention: The Calculating Machine of Ramon Verea.” Rittenhouse 9 (February 1995): 33-41.

Kidwell, Peggy, and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing: A Smithsonian Pictorial History April 1995 (Japanese translation).

Kidwell, Peggy. Reviews. Annals of the History of Computing 16, no.4; 17, nos. 1-3.

Wright, Helena E. With Pen and Graver: Women Graphic Artists Before 1900. Washington: National Museum of American

History, 1995.

Division of Social History

Foore, Shelly, and Claudia B. Kidwell. “Du travail au loisir, le demin et l’evolution de l'Amerique,” Histories du jeans de 1750.4 1994. Paris: Paries Musees, 1994.

Mayo, Edith. First Ladies: Political Role and Public Image.

Washington, DC: National Museum of American History, 1995.

Mayo, Edith. “Introduction,” in Doris Stevens, Jailed For Freedom.

ed. Carol O'Hare. Troutdale, OR: Newsage Press, 1995.

Smith, Barbara Clark. “A Case Study of Applied Feminist Theories.” In Gender Perspectives: Essays on Women in Museums, edited by Jane R. Glazer and Artemis A. Zenetou,137-46. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.

Barbara Clark Smith. “Children in the House: The Material Culture of Childhood.” reviewed in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography.

Taylor, Lonn. “Southern Roots of Western Cattle Ranching: Some Thoughts on the Literature.” Kingsville, Texas: John E. Conner Museum of Texas A & M University.

National Museum of the American Indian

Ash-Milby, Kathleen. “Warbonnets in the Work of T.C. Cannon and David Bradley: The Reappropriation of a Stereotypic Image.” Talk given at Native American Art Studies Association Biennial Conference, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1995.

Benamou, Catherine. Review of “Carmen Miranda: Bananas Is My Business,” directed by Helena Solberg, in The Independent Film and Video Monthly (October 1995): 17-18.

. “Notes Towards a Memography of Latin American

Women’s Cinema,” in Latin American Women's Vorces: 500

Years After, special issue of Symposium XLVII (4) (1995):

257-269.

. “Cuban Cinema: On the Threshold of Gender,” in Frontiers XV (1) (1994): 51-75.

Bonar, Eulalie. Contributing author in Tom Hill and Richard W. Hill, Sr., eds. Creation's Journey: Native American Identity

and Belief. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press/National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, 1994.

Dewey, Pam. Original interactive for “Bad Museum,” in Blender (CD-ROM magazine), 1995.

. Arust in “The Apartment Store: Artist-made Chess

and Checkers Sets.” Exit Art, New York City, 1995.

. Artist in “Domestic Landscapes.” Catskill Art

Society, Harleyville, New York, 1995. . Artist in “Naked Words.” Gay and Lesbian Alliance, New York City, 1995.

. Artist in “Other Spaces.” Ronald Feldman, New York City, 1995.

. Artist in “Women of the Smithsonian.” SITES Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1995.

Ganteaume, Cécile R. Contributing author in Tom Hill and Richard W. Hill, Sr., eds. Creation’s Journey: Native American

219

Identity and Beltef. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press/National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, 1994.

Heth, Charlotte Wilson. “This Precious Heritage,” in Natzve American Expressive Culture. Ithaca, N.Y.: AKWE:GON Press/National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, 1994.

Kaminitz, Marian A. “The Conservator’s Approach to Sacred Arc,” in Stady Series of ICOM-CC (June 1995) and Western Association for Art Conservation Newsletter 17 (3) (September 1995).

Clara Sue Kidwell. Choctaws and Misstonaries in Mississippi. 1818-1918. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995.

Lenz, Mary Jane. “Art of the Northwest Coast.” Antiques CXLVI (4) (October 1994): 476-485.

. Contributing author in Tom Hill and Richard W.

Hill, Sr., eds. Creation’s Journey: Native American Identity and

Belief. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press/National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, 1994.

Martine, David Bunn. Drawing of aboriginal whaling practices, illustration in The Long Island Historical Journal (Winter 1994), Hofstra University.

Matos, Ramiro. Contributing author in Tom Hill and Richard W. Hill, Sr., eds. Creation’s Journey: Native American Identity and Beltef. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press/National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, 1994.

John C. Moses. “The Conservator’s Approach to Sacred Art,” in Western Association for Art Conservation Newsletter 17 (3) (September 1995).

Rosoff, Nancy. Contributing author in Tom Hill and Richard W. Hill, Sr., eds. Creation’s Journey: Native American Identity and Beltef. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press/National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, 1994.

West, W. Richard Jr. “Whence the ‘Art Object?” Grantmakers 1m the Arts 6 (2) (Autumn 1995).

. “The National Museum of the American Indian:

Perspectives on Museums in the 21st Century.” Museum Anthropology 18 (3) (October 1994). . “Cultural Rethink.” Masewm Journal (June 1995).

Nattonal Portrait Gallery

Office of the Director

Carr, Carolyn K. Foreword to Cecilia Beaux and the Art of Portraiture by Tara Leigh Tappert. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.

Fern, Alan. “Presidential Gifts in America.” In The Gift as Material Culture. Yale/Smithsonian Reports on Material Culture, no. 4 (1995): 48-50.

220

. Foreword to In Pursuit of the Butterfly: Portraits of James McNeill Whistler by Eric Denker. Washington, D.C.: National Portrait Gallery and University of Washington

Press, 1995.

Department of Painting and Sculpture

Miles, Ellen G. American Paintings of the Eighteenth Century, with contributions by Patricia Burda, Cynthia J. Mills, and Leslie Kaye Reinhardt. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1995.

. Saint-Mémin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in

America, edited by Dru Dowdy. A Barra Foundation Book. Washington, D.C.: National Portrait Gallery and Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.

Department of Prints and Drawings

Wagner, Ann Prentice. “Japanese Printmaking: Talk by Paul Schweitzer.” Washington Print Club Quarterly 30, no. 4 (Winter 1994-1995): 4-6.

. “Earning a Living with Pen and Graver.” Washington

Print Club Quarterly 31, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 12-14. . "The Glory of Venice: Exhibition Tour by Andrew Robison.” Washington Print Club Quarterly 31, no. 2

(Summer 1995): 6-7. . “Prints On-Line: PRINTS-L.” Washington Print Club Quarterly 31, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 8.

Walker, Lucile Lenore. “Roy Lichtenstein Retrospective.” Washington Print Club Quarterly 30, no. 4 (Winter

1994-1995): I-12.

Department of Photographs

Panzer, Mary. Review of “American Art at Harvard.” In Archives of American Art Journal 34, no. 2 (1994 [forthcoming 1995]).

. Review of Robert Frank, Moving Out by Sarah

Greenough and Philip Brookman. In Archives of American

Art Journal 33, no. 4 (1993 {1994]): 22-24.

. Radio interview. “The Photographs of Carl Van

Vechten.” A// Things Considered, National Public Radio,

July 7, 1995.

. Radio interview. “The Photographs of Carl Van

Vechten.” Vozce of America, August 1, 1995.

Department of History

Voss, Frederick S. Biographical entries on Margaret Bourke-White, William Laurence, William Eugene Smith. In Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement Ten. 1976-1980. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1995.

. Mazestic in His Wrath: A Pictorial Life of Frederick

Douglass. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press,

1995.

Publications Department

Dowdy, Dru. “’A School for Stoicism’: Thomas Tudor Tucker and the Republican Age.” South Carolina Historical Magazine 96 (April 1995): 102-118.

Catalog of American Portraits

Svoboda, Patricia H. Preface to Villa Lanna—Classtcal Antiquity and Prague 1872. organized by Jan Baant. Prague: Institute for Classical Studies, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Koniasch Latin Press, 1994.

The Peale Family Papers

Hart, Sidney. “The Enlightened City: Charles Willson Peale’s Philadelphia Museum in its Urban Setting.” In Shaping a National Culture. The Philadelphia Experience, 1750-1800, edited by Catherine E. Hutchins. Winterthur, Delaware: Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, 1994.

and David C. Ward. “Subversion and Illusion in the

Life and Art of Raphaelle Peale.” American Art 8, nos. 3 & 4

(Summer/Fall 1994): 97-121.

Miller, Lillian B. “Father and Son: The Relationship of Charles Willson Peale and Raphaelle Peale. The American Art Journal 25, nos. 1 & 2 (1993 [1995]): 4-61.

. “Not Guilty: A Response to a Debate.” MD 38

(1994): 10-12.

. “History and the Peales.” in Transactions and Studies

of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, ser. 5, vol. 16

(December 1994 [1995]): 101-6.

. Review of Alice Pike Barney: Her Life and Art by Jean

L. Kling. Washington History, 6, no. 2 (Fall/Winter

1994-1995): 81-83.

. Review of Audubon: Life and Art in the American Wilderness by Shirley Streshinsky. Journal of the Early Republic. 15, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 136-38.

Ward, David C. Review of Picturing a Nation: Art and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century America by David Lubin.

Archives of American Art Journal 33, no. 4 (1993 {1995]) 1-14.

. Review of The Letters of William Cullen Bryant Vol. 5: 1865-1871 and Vol. 6: 1872-1878 edited by William Cullen Bryant II and Thomas G. Voss. New York History 76 (January 1995): 111-13.

. Review of Barry Goldwater by Robert Alan Goldberg. The Boston Book Review 2 (October 1995): 19.

. Review of The Grass of Another Country: A Journey Through the World of Soccer by Christopher Merrill and The Story of the World Cup by Brian Glanville. Aethlon: The Journal of Sport Literature 12 (Fall 1994 [1995]): 157-58.

. Review of “Gazza Agonistes” by lan Hamilton. Granta 45 (Autumn 1993) in Aethlon: The Journal of Sport Literature 12 (Fall 1994 [1995}): 159.

. Review of Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby. Aethlon: The Journal of Sport Literature u (Spring 1994 [1995]: 180-81.

. Review of Harriet Beecher Stowe by Joan D. Hedrick. Boston Book Review 2 (March 1995): 200.

Smithsonian Institution Traveling

Exhibition Service, SITES

Beyond Category: The Musical Genius of Duke Ellington. Exhibition brochure with text by John Edward Hasse. Published by the American Library Association, 1995.

Louis Armstrong: A Cultural Legacy. Exhibition poster. Washington, D.C.: SITES, 1994.

Mexico: A Landscape Revisited/Una vision de su paisaye. Illustrated exhibition book with essays by Esther Acevedo and Mary Schneider Enriquez. Washington, D.C.: SITES in association with Universe Publishing, New York, N-Y., 1994.

Mexico: A Landscape Revisited/Una viston de su paisaye. Exhibition poster. Washington, D.C.: SITES, 1994.

Mexican Landscapes. New York, N.Y.: Universe Publishing in association with SITES, 1995. (Reissued for 1996.)

People Power! Making Geography. 1995 Geography Awareness Week Poster, published by SITES in conjunction with the exhibition “Earth 2U, Exploring Geography.” Curriculum lesson and poster, conceived and written by Gail Ludwig, illustrated by Marc Rosenthal. Washington, D.C.: SITES, 1995.

Siteline. (SITES newsletter). Washington, D.C.: SITES, Spring 1995, Number 37.

Update. 1995-96. SITES annual program catalog. Washington, D.C.: SITES, 1995.

Educational and Cultural Programs

Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies

Printed Materials

Belanus, Betty. “Center Education News.” Smithsonian Talk Story (6)(Fall 1994):17. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. Review of A Shared Authority: Essays on the Craft and

Meaning of Oral and Public History by Michael Frisch. New

York Folklore XX(1-2).

. “Education Update.” Smithsonian Talk Story

(7\(Spring 1995):9. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Borden, Carla M., editor. Smithsonian Talk Story (6)(Fall 1994). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

i) is) a

, editor. Smithsonian Talk Story (7)(Spring 1995).

Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

, editor. Festzval of American Folklife Program Book. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Cadaval, Olivia. “Ta/leres de la Frontera: The 1993 Borderlands Program Returns to the Border.” Smithsonian Talk Story

(7XSpring 1995):11. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Franklin, John. “The Bahamas Festival Program Back Home.”

Smithsonian Talk Story (6)Fall 1994):5. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

and Peter Seirel. “Learning from Cape Verdean

Experience.” In Festival of American Folklife Program Book, edited by Carla M. Borden, 41-43. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Horowitz, Amy. “The Czech Republic Program: Cross-cultural Negotiation and the Performance of Scholarship.” Smithsonian Talk Story (7)(Spring 1995):5- Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Cross-cultural Negotiation: Building Stages of a Festival Program.” In Festival of American Folklife Program Book. edited by Carla M. Borden, 60-63. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Hunt, Marjorie. “Masters of Traditional Arts.” Smzthsonian Talk Story (6)Fall 1994):6. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Serving Those Who Serve: White House Workers.” In Our Changing White House. edited by Wendell Garrett, 201—223. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

James-Duguid, Charlene. “For Folklife Friends and Crafts Lovers.” Smithsonian Talk Story (7XSpring 1995):1.

Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Kennedy, Richard. “The National Mall Becomes the Sanam Luang for Thai Americans.” Smithsonian Talk Story (6)(Fall 1994):7. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Russian Roots, American Branches: Music in Two

Worlds.” Smithsonian Talk Story (7(Spring 1995):6.

Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Celebration of the Manas Epic in Kyrghyzstan.” Smithsonian Talk Story (7)(Spring 1995):14-15. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Tradition in Two Worlds: A Russian-American

Cultural Exchange.” In Festival of American Folklife Program Book, edited by Carla M. Borden, 80-82. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Kurin, Richard. “Director's Talk Story.” Smithsonian Talk Story (6XFall 1994):4. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Instiration.

. “Director's Talk Story.” Smithsonian Talk Story

(7XSpring 1995):2. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “So Long, It’s Been Good to Know You:’ A Remembrance of Festival Director Ralph Rinzler.” In Festival of American Folklife Program Book. edited by Carla M. Borden, 8—13. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

Institution.

222

. “Public Display as Cultural Policy.” Journal of Popular Culture 29(1).

. “The Festival of American Folklife: America on the National Mall.” Trends 32(2).

. “Promotional Value and Public Image: Press

Coverage of Tennessee at the Smithsonian Institution Festival of American Folklife.” Temmessee’s Business 6(1).

and Diana Parker. “A Short History of the Festival of American Folklife and Michigan's Contribution to Smithsonian Practice.” Folklore in Use: Applications in the Real World 2(2):159-180. Middlesex, England: Hisarlik Press. and Marjorie Hunt. “In the Service of the

Presidency.” American Visions Commemorative Issue:48—51. Washington, D.C.: Dialogue Diaspora.

. “Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief.” Anthropology 94/95. Guilford: The Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc.

, concluding remarks. “Presenting History - Session 4:

Museums in a Democratic Society.” Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Folkways Cassette Series Soo004.

N'Diaye, Diana Baird. “From Project to Festival Program: African Newcomer Communities in Metropolitan Washington, D.C.” Smithsonian Talk Story (6)(Fall 1994):16. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Building a Home Away from Home: African Immigrant Culture in Metropolitan Washington, D.C.” Smithsonian Talk Story (7)(Spring 1995):12. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

and Berry Belanus. “Research Report: The African

Immigrant Folklife Study Project.” In Festival of American Folklife Program Book, edited by Carla M. Borden, 90-96. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Parker, Diana. “1994 Festival of American Folklife.” Smithsonian Talk Story (6)(Fall 1994):1. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Notes from the Festival Director.” Smithsonian Talk

Story (7Spring 1995):3. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “The Festival Never Ends.” In Festival of American Folklife Program Book, edited by Carla M. Borden, 14-15. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Seeger, Anthony. “Six Perspectives on Music Ownership” excerpt from “Ethnomusicology and Music Law.” In Womex 1994. 20-21. Berlin: House of World Cultures.

. “Anthony Seeger on Music of Amazon Indians” part

of series “In Depth Series Music in Cultural Context.” Music Educators Journal, February 1995:17—23. . Canta per tua sorella: Struttura e performance negli akia

dei Suya in Tullia Magrini (editor) Uomini e Suont: Prospettive antropologische nella ricerca musicale, 99-145. Bologna: Clueb.

. “Whar Is the Folkways Collection?” Smithsonian Talk Story (7\Spring 1995):7—9. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

Institution.

Seitel, Peter. “Notes from a Visit to Tanzania.” Smithsonian Talk Story (7XSpring 1995):13. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

and Ray Almeida. “The Cape Verdean Connection.” Smithsonian Talk Story (7)(Spring 1995):4. Washington,

D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Vennum, Thomas. “Southern Paiute Song Texts with a Note on Musical! Transcriptions.” In The Collected Works of Edward Sapir IV, edited by Regna Darnell and Judith Irvine. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

. “Lacrosse.” Encyclopedia of the American Indian. New

York: Houghton Mifflin.

. “The Song Repertoire of the Big Drum Societies in

the Western Great Lakes: A Study in Repertoire

Diffusion.” In Themes and Variations: Writings on Music in

Honor of Rulan Chao Pian, edited by Bell Yung and Joseph

C. Lam. Boston: Department of Music, Harvard University

and the Institute of Chinese Studies, the Chinese

University of Hong Kong.

. Lacrosse: Little Brother of War. Germany: Baum Verlag.

Walters, Matt. “Folkways Update.” Smzthsonian Talk Story (6)\Fall 1994):14. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

Institution.

Sound Recordings

Sterling A. Brown. The Poetry of Sterling A. Brown. Read by the Author. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 47002.

Dream Songs and Healing Sounds in the Rainforests of Malaysia. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40417.

The Educated Eye: A Seven-Part Program on Connoisseurship and Collecting. Smithsonian/Folkways SFSP 90003/4.

Field to Factory: Voices of the Great Migration. Smithsonian/Folkways SFSP 90005.

Heartbeat: Voices of First Nations Women. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40415.

Langston Hughes. The Voice of Langston Hughes: Selected Poetry and Prose. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 47001.

Music of Indonesia. Vol. 5: Betawi and Sudanese Music of the North Coast of Java. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40421.

Music of Indonesia. Vol. 6 Night Music of West Sumatra: Saluang, Rabab Parlaman. Dendang Pauah. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40422.

Music Traditions of Portugal. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40435.

Old Believers: Songs of the Nekrasov Cossacks. Smithsonian/Folkways 40462.

Rhythms of Rapture: Sacred Musics of Haitian Vodou. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40464.

Ritual Music of the Kayapé - Xikrin. Amazonia. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40433.

Sacred Rhythms of Cuban Santeria. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40419.

Doug and Jack Wallin. Famsly Songs and Stories from the North Carolina Mountains. Smithsonian/Folkways SF 40013.

Videos

“Ralph Rinzler: A Celebration of Life,” 85-min. memorial at the Festival of American Folklife, July 7, 1994. Produced by the Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies.

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. Beyond the Frame: Using Art as a Basts for Interdisciplinary Learning.

1995.

. “Memorials: Art for Remembering.” Art to Zoo.

January/February 1995.

. “Perfectly Suited: Clothing and Social Change in

America.” Art to Zoo. May/June 1995.

. “Tomorrow's Forecast: Oceans and Weather.” Art to

Zoo. September/October 1995.

. “Visions of the Future: Technology and American Society.” Art to Zoo. March/April 1995.

Other Functions

Office of Communications

Office of Public Affairs

Blue Bulletin. A biweekly two- to four-page newsletter with administrative information for staff. Circulation is to every Smithsonian staff member. Editor: Colleen Hershberger

The Torch. A monthly newspaper for Smithsonian employees. During this year, the newspaper's contents were revised to highlight the Institution’s 1soth anniversary, exhibition spotlights, the Home Page and other computers stories, exhibitions “Now Showing,” classified ads, and more. Circulation is 10,600, which includes staff, volunteers, and a list of interested individuals and organizations outside the Smithsonian. Editor: Jo Ann Webb

Smithsonian Institution Research Reports. A quarterly newsletter that disseminates information on Smithsonian research to an audience of nearly 90,000 readers (approximately 10,000 scienusts, libraries, museums, universities, journalists, and others and 80,000 Contributing HI embers of The Smithsonian Associates). Editor: William Schulz

Smithsonian Runner. A bimonthly newsletter about Native American activities at the Institution, featuring informational updates on the National Museum of the American Indian and articles on research and other projects, activities, and events. Circulation is more than 32,000, which includes Native American journalists and

we Nv wa

community leaders, as well as members of the National Museum of the American Indian. Editor: Dan Agent

Office of Telecommunications

Radio Smithsonian Productions

Folk Masters from The Barns of Wolf Trap The fifth season of this series of 26 one-hour stereo programs featuring traditional music of the Americas—produced by Radio Smithsonian, the Wolf Trap Foundation for the Performing Arts, and WETA-FM; distributed by Public Radio International and broadcast nationwide on more than 140 public radio stations and BBC Scotland.

Jazz Smithsonian Second season of this series of 8 one-hour programs of classic jaw hosted by Lena Horne featuring the Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra, conducted by David Baker and Gunther Schuller, performing jazz of the 1920s, '30S, ‘40s, '50s, and ‘60s—produced by Radio Smithsonian, distributed by Public Radio International and broadcast on 185 public radio stations nationwide.

Home Video

In Open Air: A Portrait of American Impressionism A 28-minute video portraying the life and times of the pioneers of American Impressionism, illustrated with some of the finest paintings created in America from 1880 to 1915—produced by the Office of Telecommunications.

Exhibition Videos

Exploring Marine Ecosystems A series of six videos offering a close-up look at the workings of various marine habitats for the National Museum of Natural History—produced by the Office of Telecommunications.

First Ladies: Political Role and Public Image A 15-minute video for the new theater in the National Museum of American History's First Ladies exhibition—produced by the Office

of Telecommunications.

Promotion Publications

Radio Smithsonian Presents Jazz 1995-1996 A jazz calendar promoting the Jazz Smithsonian radio series and the Smithsonian Institution's jazz activities—features historic photographs and birthdays of jazz greats whose music is heard on the radio series—produced by Office of Telecommunications in cooperation with the National Museum of American History's Division of Cultural History and the Smithsonian Institution's Traveling

Exhibition Service.

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Affiliated Organizations

Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. (RIF)

Reading Is Fundamental Annual Report 1994: Building Connections through Reading. RIF Newsletter. Published four times a year, the News/etter reports on RIF activities nationwide. A technical assistance insert, addressing local projects’ requests for information on how to motivate youngsters to read, is included twice a year in Newsletters sent to RIF projects. The Newsletter reaches 13,000 people throughout the United States and offshore territories.

The Fun & Fundamentals of Running a RIF Project. A brochure outlining the basic details on running a RIF program.

The RIF Handbook: How to Run a Successful Reading Is Fundamental Project. A technical assistance manual to help RIF volunteers organize and operate an effective reading motivation program. Includes an overview of RIF as well as sections on fundraising, book selection and ordering, and activities to motivate reading.

“Parent Guide” Brochures. A series of 12 brochures on the topics “Choosing Good Books for Your Children,” “TV and Reading,” “Reading Aloud to Your Children,” “Upbeat and Offbeat Activities to Encourage Reading,” “Teenagers and Reading,” “Children Who Can Read, But Don't...,” “Encouraging Soon-To-Be Readers,” “Magazines and Family Reading,” “Family Storytelling,” “Building a Family Library,” “Encouraging Young Writers,” “Summertime Reading.”

The RIF Guide to Encouraging Young Readers. (Doubleday, 1987). A sourcebook of activities, children’s book suggestions, and resources for parents.

Helping Your Children Become Readers/Como Ayudar a Que Sus Manos Sean Buenos Lectoers. Available in English or Spanish, this reproducible, illustrated flyer features 10 reading tips in simple language.

The Family Facts Book. This 24-page booklet provides a place to keep important information about your children; also features tips on raising readers.

Shared Beginnings® Idea Book: Tips and Activities for Young Families and Their Babies. With an illustrated format designed to appeal to teenage parents, this publication features more than 100 ideas for nurturing emergent language and literacy in infants and toddlers. Includes rhymes, songs, and fingerplays.

Shared Beginnings® Leader's Guide. An eight-part activity curriculum, resources, and reproducible pages. Developed to provide a family component for those offering services to teen parents.

Family of Readers® Activity Book. This booklet features activities for families to enjoy together: reading, writing, cooking, coloring, and other do-at-home projects. Also

available in Spanish.

Family of Readers® Parent's Handbook. Gives parents an easy-to-follow overview of Inning the RIF book program. Also explores the importance of parental involvement in children’s reading and learning.

Famuly of Readers ®Advisor's Guide. An expanded version of the Parent's Handbook. with additional notes to the advisor. Resource section includes lists of children’s favorite books, and family-related activities.

RUNNING START ® Teacher's Handbook. Helps first grade teachers create reading-rich classrooms during RUNNING START and beyond. Includes activity ideas and reproducible pages for use in the classroom and to send home.

RUNNING START ® Coordinator's Guide. Gives program coordinators step-by-step instructions on setting up and administering the program, including information on fundraising, publicity, and working with teachers, principals, volunteers, and other program partners.

STAR Science Technology And Reading® “Labs.” A supplemental curriculum for the upper elementary grades that engages children in discovery through hands-on science and uses literature to spark and extend their interest. STAR activities are presented in eight thematic “labs” including: Mystery, Inventors, Habitat, Water, Sports, Ecology, Flight, and Geology.

STAR Science Technology And Readings ® Mentor’s Guide. A guide for career scientists from local industry to assist teachers in conducting STAR in the classroom.

Woodrow Wilson International Center

for Scholars

Woodrow Wilson Center Press Books

Constas, Dimitri, and Theofanis G. Stavrou, eds. Greece Prepares for the Twenty-first Century. Copublished with Johns Hopkins University Press.

De Silva, K. M. Regronal Powers and Small State Security India and Sri Lanka. Copublished with Johns Hopkins University Press. Janes, Robert W. Scholars’ Guide to Washington, D.C.. for Peace and International Security Studies. Copublished with Johns Hopkins University Press.

Morris, James M., ad. Legacies of Woodrow Wilson.

Orlovsky, Daniel, ad. Beyond Soviet Studies. Distributed by Johns Hopkins University Press.

Reins, Mitchell. Bridled Ambition: Why Countries Constrain Their Nuclear Capabilities. Distributed by Johns Hopkins University Press.

Rimer, J. Thomas, ed. A Hidden Fire: Russian and Japanese Cultural Encounters, 1868-1926. Copublished with Stanford University Press.

Ruble, Blair A. Money Sings: The Changing Politics of Urban Space in Post-Soviet Yaroslavl. Copublished with Cambridge University Press.

Shaker, Sallama. State, Society, and Privatization in Turkey. 1979-1990. Distributed by Johns Hopkins University Press.

Shea, William M., and Peter A. Huff, eds. Knowledge and Belief in America: Enlightenment Traditions and Modern Religious Thought. Copublished with Cambridge University Press.

Taranovski Theodore, ed. and trans. Reform im Modern Russian History: Progress or Cycle? Copublished with Cambridge University Press.

is) v al

The Smithsonian

Institution and Its Subsidiaries, September 30, 1995

The Secretary Office of the

Secretary

The Secretary I. Michael Heyman Executive Assistant James M. Hobbins Deputy Executive Assistant Kathy A. Boi Administrative Assistant for Appointments Mary Lee Nissley Secretariat Records Management Supervisor Betty J. Russell Administrative Assistant Carol Anderson Personal Secretary Carol Anderson

Office of Inspector General

Inspector General Thomas D. Blair

Counsel to the Inspector General Richard C. Otto

226

Assistant Inspector General for Investigations Gerard A. Roy Assistant Inspector General for Audits John C. Fawsett Administrative Officer Mary Brough Emond

Office of Planning, Management and

Budget

Director L. Carole Wharton

Budget Formulation and Execution

Assistant Director C. Austin Matthews

Compliance and Representation

Assistant Director Mary J. Rodriguez

Program Planning and Management Support

Special Assistant

Katherine Johnson

Systems and Administrative Support

Assistant Director

Jack D. Zickafoose

The Provost

Office of the Provost

Provost (Acting) Robert S. Hoffmann Executive Assistant Ruth Selig Emeritus Sentor Scholar Wilton Dillon Executive Officer Mary Tanner

Office of the Assistant Provost for Science (Acting)

Assistant Provost (Acting) Ross Simons

Special Assistant Sandy Blake

Office of Environmental Awareness

Director Judy Gradwhol

Scientific Diving Program

Diving Officer Mike Lang

Office of the Assistant Provost for the Arts and Humanities

Assistant Provost

Tom L. Freudenheim Program Manager

Barbara K. Schneider Special Assistant

Jane Glaser

Accessibility Program

Accesstbility Coordinator Jan Majewski

Office of Institutional Studies

Director Zahava Doering

International Gallery

Director Anne Gossett

Office of the Assistant Provost for Educational and Cultural Programs

Assistant Provost James Early Executive Assistant Maggie Bertin Program Manager Manjula Kumar Program Manager Marshall Wong Program Manager Alicia Gonzalez

Office of the

General Counsel

Acting General Counsel James D. Douglas

Acting Deputy General Counsel Marsha S. Shaines

Associate General Counsel Alan D. Ullberg

Assistant General Counsels Rachelle V. Browne Ildiko P. DeAngelis Lauryn Guttenplan Grant Elaine L. Johnston James I. Wilson

Sciences

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Director

Lambertus van Zelst Assistant to Director

Beverly M. Smith Administrative Officer

Vernetta M. Williams Administrative Support

Assistant

Loretta E. Ester-Clark Training Program Assistant

Francine T. Lewis Office Assistant

Jocelyn D. Sellers

Research and Development

Research Coordinator!Senior Research Archaeologist Ronald L. Bishop Senior Research Scientist Marion F. Mecklenburg Senior Research Chemist M. James Blackman Jacqueline S. Olin Charles S. Tumosa

Senior Research Organic Chemist

W. David Erhardt David W. von Endr Senior Research Photographic Scientist Mark H. McCormick- Goodhart Sentor Research Biochemist

Noreen C. Tuross

Research Organic Chemist Mary T. Baker Research Art Historian Ingrid C. Alexander Metallurgist Martha E. Goodway Sentor Ceramic Scientist Pamela B. Vandiver

Support and Collaboration

Scientific Support Coordinator! Conservation Scientist Melanie E. Feather Research Chemist Emile C. Joel Conservation Information Specialist Gail L. Goriesky Ann B. N’Gadi Senior Conservator Roland H. Cunningham Analytical Chemist Camie S. Campbell Organic Chemist Walter H. Hopwood Computer Network Administrator Cheryl! D. Sultzer

Education and Training

Education Coordinator/Senior Furniture Conservator Donald C. Williams Senior Conservator Carol A. Grissom Dianne van der Reyden Mary W. Ballard Melvin J. Wachowiak Conservator Harriet (Rae) F. Beaubien Jia-Sun Tsang

National Museum of Natural History

Acting Director Donald J. Ortner

Special Assistant to the Director Maria Ballantyne Staff Assistant to the Director Colleen Dixon Acting Assoctate Director for Administration Dianne Niedner Administrative Specialists Danielle Bielenstein Kasandra Brockington P. Yvette Butler Nella Fischer Associate Director for Development and Public Affairs T. C. Benson Development Officer Mary Crowley Public Affairs Manager Randall Kremer Associate Director for Public Programs Robert D. Sullivan Acting Associate Director for Science Anna K. Behrensmeyer Associate Director for Special Projects Catherine J. Kerby Director, Biodiversity Program Don E. Wilson Director, Laboratory of Molecular Systematics Michael J. Braun Biological Sciences Program Administrator Matthew D. Kane Botanist Elizabeth A. Zimmer Research Biologist David L. Swofford

Assistant Director for Collections

Janet Gomon Collection Inventory Manager Susan Wilkerson Assistant Collection Program Manager Carol Butler Assistant Director for

Automatic Data Programs

T. Gary Gautier Mathematical Statistician Lee Ann Hayek

Assistant Director for Education

Laura L. McKie

Physical Plant Administrator Jerome A. Conlon Museum Facilities Manager Edward McCoy Supervisory Museum Specialist, Scanning Electron Microscope Laboratory Walter Brown

Smithsonian

Marine Station at Link Port

Director Mary E. Rice

Administrative Assistant Joan L. Kaminski

Research Assistants William D. Lee Sherry Anne Reed Julianne Piraino Hugh F. Reichardt

Department of Anthropology

Chairman Dennis J. Stanford Deputy Chairman Carolyn Rose Administrative Specialist Carole Lee Kin Public Information Specialist P. Ann Kaupp

Collections Management

Collections Manager Deborah Hull-Walski

Conservators Natalie Firnhaber Greta Hansen

Senior Research Conservator

Carolyn Rose

Handbook of North

American Indians

Managing Editor Karla Billups Administrative Technician

Melvina Jackson

te

Production Manager

Diane Della-Loggia Bibliographer

Lorraine H. Jacoby Lingurst

R. H. Ives Goddard III

Human Studies Film Archives

Director John Homiak

National Anthropological Archives

Director John Homiak Archivist Paula R. Fleming James R. Glenn

Native American Indian Program

Durector JoAllyn Archambault

Division of Archaeology

Division Head J. Daniel Rogers Senior Scientist Bruce D. Smith Curators Theresa Singleton Gus W. Van Beek Melinda A. Zeder

Arctic Program

Director

William W. Fitzhugh Archaeologist

Stephen Loring

Paleo-Indian Program

Dennis J. Stanford Betty Meggers

228

South American Archeology

Division of Ethnology

Division Head R. H. Ives Goddard, II Curators Mary Jo Arnoldi Adrienne Kaeppler Robert Laughlin William Merrill William C. Sturtevant Paul M. Taylor William Trousdale

Division of Physical Anthropology

Division Head Douglas W. Owsley Curators Donald J. Ortner Douglas H. Ubelaker

Human Origins Program

Richard B. Potts Office of Repatriation

Program Manager Thomas Killion

Case Officers William Billeck Tamara Bray Paula Malloy Karen Mudar Charles Smythe

Research Associates Larry Banks William Barse Kenneth M. Bilby Allison Brooks Ernest Burch Anita Cook Jean Paul Dumont John M. Fritz Don Fowler George Frison Kathleen Gordon James Griffin Joel Corneal Knipers Betty Meggers

Mike Petraglia Stephen Potter Mildred Wedel John Yellen Collaborators Daniel Halperin Pegi Jodry Paulina Ledergerber Robert Leopold Li Liu Tom Plummer Henry Heuveling van Beek Curators Emeritus William Crocker John Ewers Lucile St. Hoyme T. Dale Stewart

Department of Botany

Chairman Warren L. Wagner Administrative Specialist Linda M. Moreland

Collections Management

Collections Manager George F. Russell II

Greenhouse Management

Horticulturist Michael Bordelon Sentor Botanist Mark M. Littler Curators Pedro Acevedo Paula T. DePriest Laurence J. Dorr Robert B. Faden Maria A. Faust Vicki A. Funk W. John Kress David B. Lellinger Ernani G. Menez Dan H. Nicolson James N. Norris Joan W. Nowicke Paul M. Peterson Harold E. Robinson Stanwyn G. Shetler Laurence E. Skog Warren L. Wagner

Dieter C. Wasshausen Elizabeth Zimmer Research Associates Lisa Barnett Jose Cuatrecasas Joseph Kirkbride Elbert Little Diane Littler Alicia Lourteig John Pipoly Collaborators Scott Armbruster Carol Annable Christian Feuillet Lynn Gillespie Aaron Goldberg Charles Gunn Elizabeth Harris Lauritz Holm-Nielson Robert King Joan Follen Hughes Koven Olga MacBryde Angela Newton Richard O'Grady Lynn Raulerson Gene Rosenberg Edward Salgado Ruth A. Siaca Edward E. Terrell Anna Weitzman Curators Emeritus John Wurdack

Department of Entomology

Chairman Jonathan A. Coddington

Collections Management

Collections Manager Gary F. Hevel Curators John M. Burns Don R. Davis Terry L. Erwin Wayne N. Mathis Ronald J. McGinley Robert K. Robbins Theodore R. Schultz Paul J. Spangler Research Associates Donald M. Anderson William E. Bickley

Harley P. Brown Margaret S. Collins Gregory Courtney Eduardo Dominguez Lance Durden Robert L. Edwards Neal L. Evenhuis Amnon Freidberg Patricia Gentili-Poole Adrian Forsyth Ralph E. Harbach Yiau-Min Huang James L. Krysan Mary F. Mickevich Scort E. Miller Charles Miter Paul A. Opler Philip D. Perkins E. L. Peyton Dan A. Polhemus John T. Polhemus Robert W. Poole Curtis Sabrosky Silvia Santiago Nicolaj Scharff Jay C. Shaffer Jeffrey W. Schult Petra Sierwald Robert Traub Frank N. Young Collaborators Joachim Adis Mark J. Rothschild Louise M. Russell Affiliated Scientists Robert W. Carlson Douglas C. Ferguson Raymond G. Gagné Jayson Glick Robert D. Gordon E. Eric Grissell Thomas J. Henry Ronald W. Hodges Douglass R. Miller Sueo Nakahara David A. Nickle Allen L. Norrbom James Pakaluk Michael E. Schauff Scott Stockwell Rick C. Wickerson Robert L. Smiley David R. Smith M. Alma Solis Manya B. Sroetzel

F. Christian Thompson Natalia J. Vandenberg Richard E. White Norman E. Woodley Senzor Scientist Emeritus Karl V. Krombein Screntist Emeritus Oliver S. Flint, Jr. Richard C. Froeschner

Department of Invertebrate Zoology

Chairman Brian Kensley (term ended 9/30/95) Administrative Assistant Martha V. Joynt Emeritus Zoologists Thomas E. Bowman (deceased 8/10/95) Fenner A. Chace Jr. Roger F. Cressey Robert P. Higgins Marian H. Pettibone Harald A. Rehder

Crustacea

Senzor Scientist Raymond B. Manning Curators Frank D. Ferrari C. W. Hart Jr. Brian Kensley Louis S. Kornicker Rafael Lemaitre James D. Thomas

Echinoderms and Lower Invertebrates

Senior Scientist David L. Pawson Curators Frederick M. Bayer Stephen D. Cairns Klaus Ruetzler

Mollusks

Curators 7 M. G. Harasewych Robert Hershler Clyde F. E. Roper

Worms

Curators Kristian Fauchald W. Duane Hope Jon L. Norenburg Mary E. Rice

Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals

Director John Harshbarger Research Associates Richard B. Aronson G. Denton Belk Darryl! L. Felder Gordon Hendler John Holsinger E. Taisoo Park Richard E. Petit Marjorie L. Reaka Janet W. Reid Edward E. Ruppert Michael Vecchione Collaborators Sigurd v. Boletzky Mark Grygier Peter Hovingh Michael Lang Donald W. Sada Affiliated Scientists J. Bruce Bredin Steven Chambers Elizabeth Chornesky Maureen E. Downey Joan D. Ferraris Stephen J. Gardiner Terrence M. Gosliner Lipke B. Holthuis J. Ralph Lichtenfels Patsy McLaughlin Charles G. Messing Richard O'Grady Isabel Perez-Farfante (Canet) Esther C. Peters

Anthony J. Provenzano, Jr.

I. G. Sohn

Ronald B. Toll Austin B. Williams David K. Young

Department of Mineral Sciences

Chairman Glenn J. MacPherson Administrative Specialist Ellen Thurnau

Meteorites

Curators Robert F. Fudali Glenn J. MacPherson

Mineralogy

Curators Jeffrey Post Michael A. Wise

Petrology and Volcanology

Senzor Scientist William G. Melson Curators Richard S. Fiske James F. Luhr Tom Simkin Sorena Sorensen

Physical Sciences Laboratory

Chemists

Eugene Jarosewich Joseph A. Nelen

Global Volcanism Network

Museum Specialists

Edward Venzke

Richard L. Wunderman Collaborators

Howard T. Evans, Jr.

Michael Fleischer

Kurt Fredriksson Curator Emeritus

Roy S. Clarke Jr.

Brian H. Mason

i) i) \o

Department of Paleobiology

Chairman William A. DiMichele Administrative Assistant Patricia K. Buckley Paleobiological Information Specialist Raymond T. Rye II

Collections Management

Collections Manager Jann W. Thompson

Senzor Scientists Richard H. Benson Martin A. Buzas Alan H. Cheetham Richard E. Grant

(deceased 12/7/94)

Daniel J. Stanley Kenneth M. Towe

Curators

Anna K. Behrensmeyer

William A. DiMichele

Sergius Mamay

Jerry N. McDonald Herbert W. Meyer Robert B. Neuman William A. Oliver, Jr. Lisa E. Osterman John Pojeta, Jr. Kenneth A. Rasmussen Ruth Pamela Reid Kenneth D. Rose William J. Sando David E. Schindel Judith E. Skog Anthony Socci Gregory I. Sohn

Hans D. Sues

Joshua I. Tracey, Jr. David B. Weishampel Frank C. Whitmore, Jr. Debra A. Willard Christopher Wnuk Keddy Yemane

Ellis L. Yochelson

Collaborators

Lisa E. Osterman

Curators Emeritus

Nicholas Horton III

Division of Birds

Curators Gary R. Graves Storrs L. Olson Collections Manager J. Phillip Angle

Division of Fishes

Curators G. David Johnson Lynne R. Parenu Victor G. Springer Richard P. Vari Stanley H. Weitzman

Collections Managers Susan L. Jewett Jeffrey T. Williams

Division of Mammals

Curators

Michael D. Carleton

Charles O. Handley, Jr.

James G. Mead

Morton L. Isler

Phyllis R. Isler Elisabeth Kalko

Roxie Laybourne Bradley C. Livezey Jonathan B. Losos Linda E. Resnik Maxson Naercio Menezes Joseph C. Mitchell Molly R. Morris

Guy G. Musser Hidetoshi Ora William F. Perrin Gregory K. Pregill John E. Randall Sentiel A. Rommel Norman J. Scott Jr. Ian R. Swingland Richard J. Wassersug Michael Leonard Smith William F. Smith-Vaniz Jiakuu Song

Wayne C. Starnes David L. Stein

Marilyn Weitzman Edward O. Wiley Merrill Varn

Robert J. Emry Jack W. Pierce Richard W. Thorington, Jr.

Douglas H. Erwin Brian T. Huber Francis M. Hueber Ian G. Macintyre Conrad C. Labandeira Thomas R. Waller Scott L. Wing

Research Associates

William E. Ausich Barbara Bedette Raymond L. Bernor Anna Lisa Berta Robyn Burham

Z. Chen

James M. Clark Stephen J. Culver John D. Damuth Dary! P. Domning

J. Thomas Dutro Ralph Eshelman Jerzy Federowski Thomas G. Gibson Robert W. Hook Carol L. Hotton Nigel Hughes

T. W. Kammer Kenneth G. MacLeod Christopher G. Maples

230

Clayton E. Ray Affiliated Scientists Alan H. Cutler

Katherine Davies-Vollum

Christian DeMuizon Jason Hicks Ken Macleod

Department of

Vertebrate Zoology

Chairman G. David Johnson Administrative Assistant

Sybil Descheemaeker

Technical Information Specialist

Joy P. Gold

Division of Amphibians

and Reptiles

Curators Kevin de Queiroz W. Ronald Heyer George R. Zug Collections Manager Elyse J. Beldon Ronald I. Crombie

Collections Managers Linda K. Gordon Charles W. Potter

Research Associates Ronald G. Altig Aaron M. Bauer Bruce M. Beehler Eleanor D. Brown Robert L. Brownell John Robert Burns John E. Cadle Rafael Omar de Sa Philip J. Clapman Kenneth C. Dodd, Jr. Andrezej Elzanowski Carl H. Ernst Louise H. Emmons Sara V. Fink William L. Fink J. Whitfield Gibbons Anthony Charles Gill David A. Good Catharine A. Hawks Lawrence R. Heaney Richard Highton Aleta Hohn Peter W. Houde Ivan Ineich

Collaborators

Miriam H. Heyer Patricia B. Zug

Curators Emeritus

Ernest A. Lachner William R. Taylor Richard L. Zusi

Affiliated Scientists

Richard C. Banks Bruce B. Collette Mercedes S. Foster Thomas H. Fritts Alfred L. Gardner Joe T. Marshall, Jr. Roy W. McDiarmid Thomas A. Munroe

National Zoological Park

Director

Michael H. Robinson

Deputy Director

McKinley Hudson

Associate Director for Biological Programs Benjamin B. Beck Associate Director for Interpretive Programs David Jenkins Associate Director for Conservation Christen M. Wemmer

Office of the Director

Registrar Judith Block

Office of Facilities and

Construction

Assistant Director for Facilities and Construction Robin Vasa

Office of Public Affairs

Chief Robert J. Hoage

Safety Office

Head Kenneth R. Gilliam

Department of Biological Programs

Associate Director for Biological Programs

Benjamin B. Beck

Department of Mammalogy

Curators Edwin Gould John Seidensticker Assistant Curators John Lehnhardr Lisa Stevens William Xanten

Department of Herpetology

Curator

Dale Marcellini

Collection Manager Michael Davenport

Department of Ornithology

Assistant Curator and Head Charles Pickett Collection Manager Paul Tomassoni

Department of

Invertebrates

Assistant Curator Alan Peters

Amazonia Department

Curator Jaren Horsely Collection Manager Vincent Rico

Department of Nutritional Resources

Manager Mary Allen Assistant Manager Earl L. Pinkney

Department of Zoological Research

Assistant Director for Research Devra G. Kleiman Deputy Head, Research Mammalogist Miles S. Roberts Scientific Staff Daryl J. Boness Robert Fleischer Eugene S. Morton Olav T. Oftedal Katherine S. Ralls Population Manager Jonathan Ballou

Department of Animal Health

Assistant Director or Animal Health Richard C. Cambre

Associate Veterinarian Lucy H. Spelman Pest Control Officer

Prince Seabron

NOAHS Center

Director Ruth Stolk

Director for Science Outreach Judy Manning

Department of Pathology

Pathologist-in-Charge Richard J. Montali

Associate Pathologist Don Nichols

Department of Interpretive Programs

Associate Director for Interpretive Programs David M. Jenkins

Office of Development

Head Ruth Stolk Development Specialist Daniel Studnicky

Office of Management Services

Head James E. Fitzpatrick

Division of Exhibits Interpretation

Head Lynn G. Dolnick

Office of Police and

Communications

Head George P. Day, Jr. NZP Polzce Chief Eugene Hicks

Office of Horticulture

Head Charles Fillah

Department of Conservation

Associate Director for Conservation Christen M. Wemmer Deputy Associate Director Scott R. Derrickson Research Coordinator John H. Rappole Conservation Training Officer Rasanayagam Rudran Clinical and Research Veterinarian Mitchell Bush Head, Reproductive Physiology Program David E. Wildr Research Veterinarian Steve L. Monfort Theriogenologist JoGayle Howard Endocrinologist Janine L. Brown Collection Manager Larry Collins Administrative Officer Martha H Rogers

Friends of the National Zoo

Executive Director Clinton A. Fields

Deputy Director James Schroeder

Office of Fellowships and Grants

Director Roberta W. Rubinoff Assistant Director Elizabeth W. Veatch Assistant Director for Administration Catherine F. Harris Academic Programs Specialists Pamela E. Hudson Bruce W Morrison Sharon K. Nishizaki

Office of International Relations

Director

Francine C. Berkowitz Assistant Director

Brian W. J. LeMay Liaison Officer

Leonard P. Hirsch Exchanges Officer

Raymond W. Seefeldt Administrative Officer

Saundra A. Thomas Program Officer

Vera H. Hyatt

Office of

Smithsonian

Institution Archives

Director

Edie Hediin

Archives Division

Archivist and Division Director

Alan L. Bain Associate Archivist Paul H. Theerman

232

Supervisory Archivist Kathleen M. Robinson Assistant Archivists William E. Cox Susan W. Glenn R. Shawn Johnstone Bruce Kirby James A. Steed Archives Specialist Gerald J. Rosenzweig

Institutional History

Division

Historian and Division Durector Pamela M. Henson

Program Assistant Lynn M. Wojcik

Joseph Henry Papers Project

Editor Marc Rothenberg Assistant Editor Kathleen W. Dorman Staff Historians Deborah Y. Jeffries Frank R. Millikan

National Collections Program

National Collections Coordinator William G. Tompkins Assistant National Collections Coordinator Lauri A. Hinksman

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Director

Irwin Shapiro

Associate Director

Planning Bruce Gregory

Atomic and Molecular Physics Kate Kirby

High Energy Astrophysics Stephen Murray

Optical and Infrared Astronomy

John P. Huchra Planetary Sciences Brian G. Marsden Radto and Geoastronomy Mark J. Reid Solar and Stellar Physics John C. Raymond Theoretical Astrophysics Alastair G.W. Cameron

Department Manager Central Engineering

Richard B. Dias Computation Facility

Van L. McGlasson Contracts and Procurement

George D. Dick Controller's Office

Philip A. Hatfield Library

Donna Coletti Human Resources

Marion R. Aymie Publications

James Cornell Science Education

Philip M. Sadler Travel

Nancy M. Adler

Scientific Staff Thomas L. Aldroft Yakov Alpert Alice Argon Eugene Avrett James Babb Robert Babcock Sallie Baliunas Carlo Benna

Mark Birkinshaw Raymond Blundell Jay A. Bookbinder Nancy Brickhouse Roger J. Brissenden James Buckley Nelson Caldwell Robert A. Cameron Nathaniel P. Carleton Christopher Carilli Frederic Chaffee Kelly Chance

John Chandler

Jon H. Chappell George A. Chartas Allan F. Cook, II Mario Cosmo Salvador Curiel Alexander Dalgarno Thomas M. Dame Laurence P. David James L. Davis Robert J. Davis Edward E. DeLuca Marino Dobrowolny Adam Dobrzycki R. Hank Donnelly Andrea Dupree Richard Edgar Guenther Eichhorn Martin S. Elvis Ruth Esser

Robert Estes Giuseppina Fabbiano Daniel G. Fabricant Emilio Falco-Acosta Giovanni G. Fazio George Field Silvano Fineschi Fabrizio Fiore Kathryn A. Flanagan Craig Foltz Christine J. Forman William R. Forman Fred A. Franklin Franco Fuligni Terrance J. Gaetz Michael R. Garcia Larry Gardner

John C. Geary Margaret J. Geller Owen Gingerich Leon Golub

Paul Gorenstein Dale E. Graessle

Lincoln Greenhill Mario Grossi Gordon Gullahorn Shadia Habbal

F. Rick Harnden, Jr. Daniel E. Harris Lee Hartmann

Eric Heller

Paul Ho

Robert Hohlfeld Paul F. Hsieh

John P. Hughes Paul Jaminet

Diab Jerius

David G. Johnson Kenneth W. Jucks Jiahong Zhang Juda Michael Juda Kenneth Kalata Wolfgang Kalkofen Margarita Karovska Edwin M. Kellogg Almus T. Kenter Scott Kenyon

Dong Woo Kim Steven C. Kleiner John L. Kohl Sylvain Korzennik Ralph P. Kraft Michael J. Kurtz Robert L. Kurucz Marc G. Lacasse Charles Lada

Adair Lane

David W. Latham Mark Lawrence Myron Lecar

Marc LeGros

Enrico Lorenzini Glen H. Mackie Ursula B. Marvin Colin Masson

Smita Mathur Edward Mattison Jeffrey E. McClintock Richard E. McCrosky Walter McDermott Jonathan C. McDowell Kim McLeod

Brian R. McNamara Gary J. Melnick Karl Menten Alejandra Milone Arun Kanti Misra Vladilal J. Modi

James M. Moran Marc Murison

Philip C. Myers Ramesh Narayan Martin C. Noecker Robert Noyes Eduardo Oteiza Scott Paine Alexander Panasyuk Costas Papaliolios William Parkinson Michael Pearlman Michail I. Petaev James Phillips

Paul P. Plucinsky Andrea H. Prestwich Francis A. Primini Charles F. Prosser Michael I. Ratner Somak Raychaudhury Robert Reasenberg Cordula A. Robinson Suzanne E. Romaine George Rybicki Steven H. Saar Hossein Sadeghpour Jonathan Schachter Rudolph E. Schild Brian Schmidt Matthew H. Schneps Daniel A. Schwartz Joseph H. Schwarz Frederick D. Seward Aneta L. Siemiginowska Eric Silver

Patrick Slane Wei-Hock Soon Anthony A. Stark John R. Stauffer Robert P. Srefanik Leonard Strachan Andrew Szentgyogyi Harvey D. Tananbaum Patrick Thaddeus Volker Tolles

Eric V. Tollestrup Guillermo Torres Wesley A. Traub Ginevra Trinchieri Eugene Y. Tsiang Wallace H. Tucker Han Uitenbroek Aad van Ballegooijen Leon P. Van Speybroeck Olaf Vancura

Robert Vessot

Jan Vrtilek

Saeqa Dil Vrtilek

Ronald Walsworth

Zhong Wang

Brad Wargelin

Trevor C. Weekes

Steven Weinberg

Fred L. Whipple

Barbara A. Whitney

Charles A. Whitney

Belinda Wilkes

Steven P. Willner

Robert Wilson

Jonathan W. Woo

John A. Wood

Diana M. Worrall

Kouichi Yoshino

Ping Zhao

Martin V. Zombeck Smithsonian Postdoctoral

Fellows

Paola Caselli

Hua Chen

Merces Crosas

Robert Donahue

Charles Gammie

Paul Green

Luis Ho

Suzanne Huettemeister

Shude Mao

Alessandro Massarotti

Michael McCarthy

Brian McLeod

Joan Najita

Nagayoshi Ohashi

Eve Ostriker

Rachel Pildis

Dimitar Sasselov

Uros Seljak

Richard Stoner

Mario Tafalla

Jathindas Tharamel

Jack Wells

David Wilner

Insu Yi

Li You

Ite Albert Yu

Xiaolei Zheng

Jun-Hui Zhao

T. Scott Zaccheo

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

Director

David L. Correll Assistant Director

Anson H. Hines Administrative Officer

Helen M. Dalaski Facilities Manager

Paul F. Tavel Education Specialist

A. Mark Haddon Animal Ecologists

James F. Lynch

Gregory M. Ruiz Chemical Ecologist

Richard Smucker Environmental Engineers

Gary Peresta

Peter Stone Ecologists

Thomas E. Jordan

Geoffrey G. Parker Microbial Ecologists

D. Wayne Coats

Charles L. Gallegos Modeler

Donald E. Weller Plant Ecologist

Dennis F. Whigham Photobiologist

Patrick J. Neale Plant Physiologist

Bert G. Drake

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Director Barbara J. Smith Assistant Director Nancy E. Gwinn Assistant Director Bonita D. Perry Assistant Director Mary A. Thomas

233

Special Assistant to the Director and Publications Officer Nancy L. Matthews Development Officer Gwendolen R. Leighty

Management and Systems Division

Assistant Director and Division Manager Mary Augusta Thomas

Management Services

Office

Department Head Laudine L. Creighton

Personnel Specialist David L. Bartlett

Systems Office

Department Head Thomas Garnett Systems Librarian Marcia Adams Computer Equipment Analyst Mimi Scharf Systems Librarian Anne Gifford Systems Librarian Sujata DeHart

Collections Management Division

Assistant Director and Division Manager

Nancy E. Gwinn

Acquisitions Services Department

Department Head

Lucien R. Rossignol

234

Special Collections Department

Department Head and Exhibitions Officer William E. Baxter Reference Librarian Leslie Overstreet

Preservation Services Department

Department Head Susan F. Blaine Conservator Clare Dekle Conservator

Janice Stagnitto

Cataloging Services Department

Department Head Vacant Cataloging Project Manager Victoria Avera Librarian Cataloguer Thomas Baker Librarian-Cataloguer Margaret D'Ambrosio Librartan-Cataloguer Carolyn Hamilton Librarian-Cataloguer Suzanne Pilsk Librarian-Cataloguer Margaret A. Sealor Special Collections Cataloguer Diane Shaw

Catalogue Management

Manager

Sheila Riley

Research Services Division Assistant Director and Division

Manager

Bonita D. Perry

Cooper-Hewitt Museum Branch

Branch Librarian Stephen Van Dyk Reference Librarian

Jean Hines

Center for Astrophysics Branch

Branch Librarian Donna Coletti

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Branch

Branch Librarian

Vielka Chang-Yau

Central Research Services Department

Central Reference and Loan Services Branch

Department Head and Branch Librarian Martin A. Smith Information Access Coordinator Martin Kalfatovic Circulation and Loan Librarian

Patricia Lasker

Museum Reference Center

Branch Librarian Valerie Wheat

Museum Support Center Branch

Branch Librarian E. Gilbert Taylor

History, Technology, and Art Department

National Museum of American History Branch

Department Head and Branch Librarian Rhoda S. Ratner Reference Librarian Amy Begg Reference Librarian James Roan

Anacostia Museum Branch

Branch Librarian Thomas Bickley

National Museum of African Art Branch

Branch Librarian

Janet L. Stanley

National Air and Space Museum Branch

Branch Librarian

David M. Spencer Reference Librarian

Paul McCutcheon Technical Information Specialist

Philip D. Edwards

| History Museum Branch Branch Librarian

Timothy Carr

Horticulture Branch

Branch Librarian Marca Woodhams

Natural and Physical Sciences Department

National Museum of Natural History Branch

Department Head and Branch Librarian

Ann Juneau

Reference Librarian Alvin R. Hutchinson Reference Librarian Amy Levin Reference Librarian Robert J. Skarr Reference Librarian David T. Steere, Jr.

Anthropology Branch

Branch Librarian Maggie Dittemore Reference Librarian

Mayda Riopedre

Botany Branch

Branch Librarian Ruth F. Schaller

National Zoological Park Branch

Branch Librarian Kay A. Kenyon

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Branch

Branch Librarian Angela N. Haggins

Historian Emeritus

Silvio A. Bedini

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Director Ira Rubinoff Deputy Director Anthony G. Coates Assistant Director for Facilities Carlos Tejada

Assistant Director for Fellowships and Education Georgina de Alba Assistant Director for International and External Affairs Elena Lombardo Assistant Director for Scientific Support Services Howard S. Barnes Comptroler Leopoldo Leon Executive Officer and Assistant Director for Administration and Legal Affairs Leonor G. Motta Special Advisor to the Director for Technology Transfer! Environmental Poltcy Issues Stanley Heckadon-Moreno

Accounting Office

Accounting Officer Carlos Urbina

Development Office

Head. Development Office Lucy B. Dorick Development Officer Lisa Barnett

Human Resources

Office

Personnel Management Specialist Carmen Sucre

Photographic Department

Photographer

Antonio Montaner

Procurement Office

Supervisor. Contract Specialist

Mercedes Arroyo

Protocol Office

Protocol Officer

Monica Alvarado

Safety Office

Safety Officer

José Ramon Perurena

Visitor Services

Office

Visitor Services Manager Gloria Maggiori

Scientific Staff

Sentor Scientist Jeremy B.C. Jackson Olga F. Linares Martin H. Moynihan A. Stanley Rand Mary Jane West-

Eberhard

Staff Scientist Annette Aiello Eldredge Bermingham John H. Christy Richard G. Cooke Paul Colinvaux Mireya Correa Luis D'Croz William G. Eberhard Robin Foster Héctor Guzman E. Allen Herre Llewellya Hillis Nancy Knowlton Egbert G. Leigh, Jr. Harilaos Lessios Dolores Piperno D. Ross Robertson David W. Roubik Noris Salazar Allen Fernando Santos-Granero Neal G. Smith William Wcislo Donald M. Windsor Klaus Winter S. Joseph Wright

Center for Tropical Forest Science

Director Elizabeth C. Losos

Research Affiliate Carlos Arellano-Lennox Tomas Arias Peter Ashton Penelope Barnes Héctor Barrios Emérita de Borace Edward B. Brothers Roy L. Caldwell Kenneth Clifton Phyllis Coley Laurel Collins T. Robert Dudley S. Robert Gradstein Mahabir Gupta Stephen Hubbell Roberto Ibdfiez Jorge Illueca Patricia Jacobberger Peter Jung Elisabeth Kalko Thomas Kursar Stephen Mulkey Diomedes Quintero Robert E. Ricklefs Tyson Roberts Michael Ryan Julieca C. de Samudio Henry Stockwell Melvin Tyree

Arts and

Humanities

Anacostia Museum

Office of the Director

Director Steven Newsome Deputy Director Sharon Reinckens Administrative Officer Cynthia Chase

Maintenance Mechanic Oscar Waters III Director's Assistant Patricia Lindsey Registrar Margaret Hutto

Education Department

Director Robert Hall Education Specialist Clara Turner Lee Joanna Banks Bus Driver Wade Stuart Partnership Coordinator Wanda Aikens

Design Department

Visual Information Assistant

Pearline Waldrop Program Assistant

Folami Ahota Photographer

Harold Dorwin

Research Department

Senior Historian Portia James Program Assistant Shelia Parker Historian Gail Lowe Researcher Leah Williamson Kim Freeman Jennifer Morris Librarian Tom Bickley

Public Affairs/Programs

Public Program Coordinator Louis Hicks

Public Affairs Assistant José Ortiz

Program Assistant Habeebah Muhammad

236

Archives of American Art

Director Richard J. Wattenmaker Deputy Director Susan Hamilton Assistant Director for Archival Programs James B. Byers Sentor Archivist Arthur J. Breton Research Services Chief Judith E. Throm Development Officer Eric Hausmann Membership Manager Nancy Haitch Southeast Regronal Collector Elizabeth S. Kirwin New York Regional Director Stephen Polcari New England Regional Director and Journal Editor Robert F. Brown West Coast Regional Director Paul J. Karlstrom Curator Emeritus Garnett McCoy

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Freer Gallery of Art

Director Milo C. Beach Deputy Director Thomas Lentz Executive Assistant to the Director Toni Lake Head. Public Affairs Susan Bliss Head. Development Barbara Phillips Assistant Director. Finance

Sarah Newmeyer

Head. Merchandising & Marketing Sally Guaragna Head. Photography John Tsantes

Research & Collections Division

Senior Research Scholar Thomas Lawton Curators Louise Cort Vidya Dehejia Associate Curators Massumeh Farhad, Islamic Near Eastern Ann Gunter, Ancient Near Eastern Linda Merrill, American Jenny So, Chinese James Ulak, Japanese Ann Yonemura, Japanese Assistant Curator

Jan Stuart, Chinese

Head. Conservation & Scientific

Research W. Thomas Chase, III Head. Library & Archives Lily Kecskes Head, Publications Karen Sagstetter

Head, Collections Management

Bruce Young

Public Programs

Division

Associate Director. Exhibitions

G& Faciltties

Patrick Sears

Head, Design & Production John Zelenik

Head, Education Lucia Pierce

Head. Facilities Management Robert Evans

Center for Museum Studies

Director Rex M. Ellis Administrative Officer Eleanor M. David Director's Secretary Tiphanie Hill Research Manager Nancy J. Fuller Program Assistant Rosa Aguayo American Indian Museum Studies Manager Karen R. Cooper Museum Programs Specialist Bob Kidd Museum Programs Specialist Magdalena Mieri Communications Manager Bruce C. Craig Curriculum Coordinator Bettie J. Lee Secretary Stacey Burkhardt

Intern Services

Intern Services Coordinator Sarah C. Landon Elena Piquer Mayberry Intern Services Assistant Rebecca Culpepper Allison Wickens

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

Durector Dianne H. Pilgrim Assistant Director for Administration Linda Dunne Assistant Director for Public Programs

Susan Yelavich

Head of Development and Public Affairs Laura James Special Assistant to the Director Caroline Mortimer Special Assistant to the Assistant Director for Administration Nerissa Tackett Special Assistant to the Assistant Director for Public Programs Hilda Wojack Computer Specialist Victor Dorizio Budget Analyst Mary Schlitzer Personnel Specialist Lorna Hannah Museum Shop Manager Chris Masaoay Operations Manager Angelo Rodriguez Assistant Facilities Manager Jeffrey Schwartz Public Affairs Officer Barbara Livenstein Special Events Coordinator Pamela Haylock Membership and Volunteer Coordinator Marla Musick Registrar Cordelia Rose Associate Registrar Steven Langehough Head of Security

Luis Palau

Curatorial

Curator in Charge-Applied Arts and Industrial Design

Deborah Shinn Curator of Drawings and Prints Marilyn Symmes

Assistant Curator of Drawings

and Prints Gail Davidson Paper Conservator

Konstanze Bachmann

Curator of Textiles Milton Sonday Assistant Curator of Textiles and Curatorial Chair Gillian Moss Textiles Conservator Lucy Commoner Assistant Curator of Wallcoverings Joanne Warner Curator of Contemporary Design Ellen Lupton

Exhibitions

Exhibition Researcher Lucy Fellowes Exhibition Specialist

John Fell

Editorial

Editor Nancy Aakre

Library

Librarian Stephen Van Dyk

Education Department

Head of Education Dorothy Dunn Program Coordinator for School Programs Kerry MacIntosh Program Coordinator for Audience Development Vacant Program Coordinator for Adult Education

Egle Zygas

Photo Services

Brad Nugent

Plant Services

Director of Plant Services Tom Murdy Director of CHM/Parson’s Masters Program Maria Conelli

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Director James T. Demetrion Deputy Director Stephen E. Weil Administrator Beverly Lang Pierce Durector of Public Programs/Chief Curator Neal Benezra Curators Valerie J. Fletcher Frank B. Gettings Phyllis D. Rosenzweig Olga Viso Judith K. Zilczer Publications Manager Jane McAllister Librarian Anna Brooke Chief Conservator Laurence Hoffman Conservators Leland Aks A. Clarke Bedford Susan Lake Registrar Douglas Robinson Chief, Exhibits and Design Edward Schiesser Sentor Educator Teresia Bush Head, Public Affairs Sidney Lawrence Chief Photographer M. Lee Stalsworth Maseum Facility Manager Franklin Underwood (through 9/1/95)

Institutional

Studies Office

Director Zahava D. Doering Social Science Analysts Adam Bickford Stacey L. Bielick Audrey E. Kindlon Elizabeth K. Ziebarth Statistician

Steven J Smith

National Air and Space Museum

Acting Director Robert S. Hoffmann

Deputy Director Gwendolyn K. Crider

Special Assistant to the Director Steven L. Soter

Special Assistant to the

Associate Director

LeRoy London

Senior Advisor for Science Ted A. Maxwell

Multicultural Outreach Toni Amos

Center for Earth and Planetary Studies

Chairman

Thomas R. Watters Geologists

Ted A. Maxwell

Patricia A. Jacobberger

Jellison

James R. Zimbelman

Robert A. Craddock Geophysicist:

Bruce A. Campbell Program Manager

Priscilla L. Strain Geographer

Frederick C. Engle Research Technicians

Michael J. Tuttle

Diane Hanley Andrew K. Johnston Victoria A. Portway Computer Systems Analyst Karen L. Peters Data Manager Rosemary Steinat Administrative Research Assistant Donna J. Slattery Admin. Tech./Typist Ruth Ann McGrail Postdoctoral Fellows: Mark Bulmer Sarah Fagents

Department of Administration

Assistant Director Alice Adams Staff Assistant for Personnel Ellen Sprouls Management Analyst Theresa Unkle Budget Analysts Cynthia Carter Deborah Swinson Clerk-Typist

Angela Sumner

Department of Aeronautics

Chairman Tom Crouch Curators Tom Alison John Anderson Dorothy Cochrane R.E.G. Davies Von D. Hardesty Peter Jakab Russell E. Lee Richard Leyes Michael J. Neufeld Dominick A. Pisano F. Robert van der Linden Museum Specialists Thomas J. Dietz Sam Fishbein Joanne M. Gernstein Alex M. Spencer

238

Ramsey Fellow Donald Engen

Department of Art and Culture

Chairperson Mary S. Henderson Museum Specialist

Susan Lawson-Bell

Department of Collections Management

Assistant Director Linda N. Ezell

Extension Planning and Special

Proyects Al Bachmeier Collections Processing and Support Group Howard Kirshner Conservation Ed McManus Restoration William Reese Facilities Management Rod Milstead Collections Preservation and Care/Dulles Operations Ed Marshall Registrar for Loans Ellen Folkama Registrar for Collections Natalie Rjedkin-Lee

Archives and Collections Management Division

Supervisory Archivist Thomas Soapes

Team Leader. Processing Marilyn Graskowiak

Team Leader, Reference Dan Hagedorn

Team Leader. Acquisitions Patti Williams

Department of Exhibits

Assistant Director for Exhibits

and Public Spaces Nadya A. Makovenyi

Program Manager

Sandy Ritrenhouse-Black

Chief. Design Division John Clendening Chief, Audiovisual Division David N. Heck Chief, Production Unit Dave Paper Chief, Film and Video Production Patricia A. Woodside Exhibits Writer-Editor David Romanowski

Department of

Museum Operations

Assistant Director

Ronald Wagaman

Special Assistant for Plans and

Programs

Claude D. Russell

Department of Building

Management

Museum Facilities Manager

Jan Hall

Computer Services Division

Manager, Computer Services

Dan Cassil

Samuel P. Langley Theater

Manager Bridget Shea

Department of Museum Programs

Special Assistant James H. Sharp

Cooperative Programs Division

Manager Helen C. McMahon Program Coordinator Pam Blalock

Einsteen Planetarium

Director James H. Sharp Aadtovisual Production Coordinator Geoff Chester Program Resource Manager Cheryl Bauer Planetarium Technicians Dalton McIntosh Dena Harris

Department of Space History Chairman Gregg Herken Curators Paul E. Ceruzzi Martin Collins David DeVorkin Cathleen S. Lewis Valerie Neal Allan A. Needell Frank Winter Historian Robert W. Smith Museum Specialist James David Collections Manager Amanda Young Oral History Manager JoAnn Bailey Administrative Technician Alice Jones Special Assistant Toni Thomas

Laboratory for Astrophysics Chairman

Howard A. Smith Astrophysicists

Jeffrey J. Goldstein

Matthew Greenhouse

Physical Science Technician Jodi Schroemer Fellows Tilak Hewagama John Miles Vladimir Strelnitski Mark Wolfire

Office of External Relations

Assistant Director Susan Beaudette

Development Offtcers Anne Seeger Terry Putnam

Special Events Division

Special Events Manager Kathie Spraggins

Special Events Coordinators Darlene Rose-Barge Marilyn Kozak

Marketing

Marketing Coordinator Raymond Stephens

Publications

Chief of Publications Patricia Graboske

Educational Services Division Assistant Director

Jacqueline Hicks Grazette

Educational Programs and Services

Assistant to the Director

Tytishia Frazier

Formal Education

Chief of Formal Education Maureen Kerr

Teacher Services Manager Debra Daggs

Educational Services Center Coordinator Maretta Hemsley Student Service Coordinator Myra Banks Curriculum Developer Carolyn Balch

Informal Education

Chief of Informal Education Jo Hinkel

Public Program Coordinators Gloria Fulwood Barbara Harrick

Gallery and

Demonstration Services

Manager Christopher Stetser Explatners Coordinator Suvinee Vanichkachorn Office Assistant for Programming Departments Vondale Spinks

Tours and Reservations

Supervisor Davide Jackson Scheduler Thomas Gordon Docent Coordinator Carolyn Triebel Office Assistant Zelda Tooks

Office of Public Affairs

Chief J. Michael Fetters Writer-Editors Helen M. Morrill Walton Ferrell Public Affairs Specialists Kim Riddle Amy Dyson Public Affairs Assistant Kathleen Brooks

National Museum of African Art

Director Sylvia H. Williams Assistant Director for Administration Patricia L. Fiske Assistant Director, Exhibits Design and Facility Alan Knezevich Founding Director Emeritus and Senior Scholar Warren M. Robbins Senior Scholar Emeritus Roy Sieber

Curatorial Department

Chief Curator Philip L. Ravenhill Curators Lydia Puccinelli Roslyn A. Walker Assistant Curators Bryna Freyer Andrea Nicolls

Public Affairs Department

Public Affairs Officer Janice L. Kaplan

Education Department

Curator of Education Edward Lifschitz Assistant Curator of Education Veronika Jenke Education Specialists Pedra Chaffers Leasa Farrar-Frazer

Peter Pipim

Registration Department

Registrar Julie Haifley

Conservation Department

Conservator Steve Mellor

Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives

Curator of Photographic Archives Christraud M. Geary Archivist Amy Staples

Warren M. Robbins Library

Librarian Janet Stanley

Publications Office

Writer-Editor Joan Amick

National Museum of American Art

Office of the Director

Director

Elizabeth Broun Deputy Director

Charles J. Robertson

Curatorial Office

Chief Curator Virginia M. Mecklenburg Deputy Chief Curator Jacquelyn D. Serwer Associate Curator (Pntg. & Sculpt.) Andrew L. Connors Senior Curator (Photography) Merry A. Foresta Curator (Sculpture) George Gurney Curator (Painting & Sculpture) Lynda R. Hartigan

239

Senior Curator (Graphic Arts) Joann G. Moser Senior Curator (Pntg. & Sculpt.) Richard N. Murray Senior Curator (Pntg. & Sculpt.) Harry Rand Senior Curator (Pntg. & Sculpt.) William H. Truetcner

Renwick Gallery

Curator-in-Charge Kenneth R. Trapp Curator

Jeremy E. Adamson

Research & Scholars Center

Chief Rachel M. Allen

Office of Educational Programs

Chief Nora M. Panzer

Office of Registration & Coll. Mgmc.

Registrar

Melissa L. Kroning

Office of Design & Production

Chief Val E. Lewton

Administrative Office

Administrative Officer Maureen E. Damaska

Office of External Affairs

Chief W. Robert Johnston

240

Office of Publications & New Media Initiatives

Chief

Steve Dietz

Office of Development

Development Officer Marilyn B. Montgomery

Public Affairs Office

Public Affairs Officer Katie M. Ziglar

National Museum of American History

Director

Spencer R. Crew Deputy Director

Martha Morris Special Assistant

Deborah Scriber-Miller

Planning Office

Planning Coordinator Nanci Edwards Planning Coordinator

Patrick Ladden

Project Management

Director Harold Closter Projector Coordinator

Eleanor Boyne

Administrative and Automation Services

Associate Director Dennis Dickinson

Budget Director Richard J. Nicastro

Budget Analyst Sandra G. Dunnigan Management Analyst Margaret M. Limehouse Admistrative Specialist Francis D. Roche

Computer Services Center

Computer Specialist Edward Johnson Barbara L. Jordan Bradley Tesh Raelene L. Worthington

Capital Programs

Associate Director Ronald E. Becker

Facilities Planning and Management

Director

James D. Whoolery Facilities Manager

Richard A. Day Assistant Facilities Manager

Kenneth I. Jordan Safety Manager

William Prebble General Foreman

Sinclaire Jennings

Office of External Affairs

Associate Director Elizabeth E. Greene

Office of

Development

Director of Development and Special Events Ruth A. Sexton

Office of Special Events

Events Coordinator Elizabeth Little Events Coordinator

Bee Gee Thompson

Office of Public Affairs

Director Tensia Alvarez

Office of Historical Resources

Associate Director Lonnie G. Bunch

Department of History

Assistant Director Arthur P. Molella

Collections Support

Collections Manager Ray A. Hutt

Archives Center

Chief Archivist John A. Fleckner Deputy Archivist Robert S. Harding

Division of the History of Technology

Chair Steven Lubar Assistant Chair Jennifer Locke Curators Pete Daniel Paul Johnston Harold Langley Mina Marefat Robert C. Post Carlene Stephens Jeffrey Stine William L. Withuhn

Division of Cultural History

Chair James M. Weaver Assistant Chair

Gary Sturm

Curators Richard Ahlborn Anthony Brown Rayna Green John Hasse Cynthia Hoover James O. Horton Charles McGovern

Marvette Perez

Division of Information, Technology & Society

Chair David K. Allison Assistant Chair Joan E. Boudreau Curators Elvira Clain-Stefanelli Richard G. Doty Jon B. Eklund Bernard S. Finn Elizabeth M. Harris Paul Forman Helena C. Wright

Lemelson Center

Director Arthur P. Molella Program Manager

Claudine Klose

Division of the Social History

Chair Susan H. Myers

Assistant Chair Shelly J. Foote

Curators William L. Bird Barbara Clark Smith Anne Golovin Claudia Kidwell Edith P. Mayo Keith E. Melder Susan Myers Rodris Roth Lonn Taylor

Division of the Science, Medicine, & Society

Chair Ramunas A. Kondratas Assistant Chair Steve Turner Curators Patricia Gossel G. Terry Sharrer Linda Tucker Deborah J. Warner nagement Services Assistant Director Katherine P. Spiess Program Manger Karen Garlick

Administrative Services

Manager

Rosemary Phillips

Collections Documentation Services

Manager Anne Serio

Operations & Storage Services

Group Leader/Off-site Manager Steve Hemlin

Deputy Group Leader Debra Hashim

MSC Move Coordinator Ginger Deucher

Master Plan Coordinator Frances Dispenzirie

Collections Manager 1876 Margaret Grandine

Preservation Services

Manager . Karen Garlick Program Administrator

Joan Young

Registration Services

Registrar Jeanne M. Benas Deputy Registrar Edward L. Ryan

Office of Public

Services

Associate Director Harold A. Closter Sentor Program Manager

Catherine C. Perge

American Past Times Magazine

Elizabeth M. Sharpe

Education and Visitor Services

Director Nancy L. McCoy Docent Coordinator Martha Jo Meserole Internship and Fellowship Programs

Mary West Dyer

Hands on Science Center

Director Dina Rosenthal

Exhibits A/V & Services

Director

William Thomas Tearman

Program in African American Culture

Director Niani Kilkenny

Program Planning and Design

Design Director Harold E. Aber

Program Production

Director Kathryn Campbell

Cabinet, Paint, Plastic

Shop Supervisor Peter Albritton

Graphics

Shop Supervisor D. Omar Wynn

Historic Restoration

Shop Supervisor Terry Conable

Office of Publications

Director Robert D. Selim

NMAH Library

Chief Rhoda S. Ratner

America’s Smithsonian

(150th Project)

Project Director

J. Michael Carrigan Project Manager

Ellen J. Dorn

National Postal Museum

Director James H. Bruns Assistant to the Director for Financial Affairs Pat Bonds

Administrative Officer Antoinette G. Williams Registrar Ted Wilson Senzor Historian and Director of American Studies Program Wilcomb Washburn Museum Specialist (Philately) Joseph Geraci Museum Program Specialist Nancy Pope Head of Education Wendy Aibel-weiss Public Affairs Specialist Daisy Ridgway Exhibibits Coordinator Pat Burke Building Manager Greg Cunningham Librarian Tim Carr Museum Shop Manager Maxine Kniseley Security Office

Captain Gordon Swain

National Museum of the American Indian

Office of the

Director

Director W. Richard West, Jr. Deputy Director Douglas E. Evelyn

Office of Finance and Administration

Assistant Director for Administration Donna A. Scott Human Resources Manager Carol Belovitch Acting Budget Manager Kelly Bennett

242

Office of Cultural

Resources

Assistant Director for Cultural Resources Lee Davis Deputy Assistant Director for Cultural Resources George Horse Capture Acting Registrar Ann Drumheller Acting Senior Curator Mary Jane Lenz Conservation Program Manager Marian Kaminitz Acting Archives/P hoto Services Manager

Pamela Dewey

Office of Public Programs and Community Services

Assistant Director for Public Programs Charlotte A. Heth Deputy Assistant Director for New York Operations John Haworth Deputy Assistant Director for Exhibitions James W. Volkert Publications Program Manager Terence Winch Resource Center Manager Martha Kreipe de Montafio

Film & Video Program Manager

Elizabeth Weatherford

National Portrait

Gallery

Director Alan Fern Deputy Director Carolyn K. Carr Associate Director for Administration Barbara A. Hart

Curator of Paintings and Sculpture Ellen G. Miles Curator of Exhibitions Beverly J. Cox

Curator of Prints and Drawings

Wendy Wick Reaves Curator of Photographs Mary C. Panzer Historian Frederick S. Voss Education Program Director Vacant Publications Officer Frances K. Stevenson Chief, Design and Production Nello Marconi Keeper, Catalog of American Portraits Linda Thrift Editor of the Charles Willson Peale Papers of American Culture Lillian B. Miller Librarian Cecilia Chin Chief Photographer Rolland White Registrar Suzanne Jenkins Public Affairs Officer Brennan Rash

Facilities Manager

Daniel Davies

Office of Exhibits Central

Acting Director Mike Headley

Program Analyst George Quist

Administrative Officer Debbie Yang

Supervisor. Design. Edtting.

and Graphics Unit

Mary Bird

Supervisor. Fabrications Unit Harold Campbell

Supervisor. Model Making Unit Richard Kilday

Computer Systems Administrator Glenn Adams

Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service

Director Anna R. Cohn Deputy Director Lori D. Wesley Assistant Director for Budget and Finance

Allegra Wright

Program

Associate Director for Programs Frederica R. Adelman

External Relations

Assoctate Director for External Relations Andrea P. Stevens Public Relations Durector Liz Hill Development Durector Johleen D.N. Cannon

Educational and Cultural Programs

Center for Folklife

Programs and Cultural Studies

Director Richard Kurin Deputy Director Richard Kennedy

Director, Festival of American Folklife Diana Parker Director and Curator. Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings Anthony Seeger Senior Folklorist Peter Seitel Senior Ethnomusicologist Thomas Vennun, Jr. Administrative Officer Barbara Strickland Folklorists Olivia Cadaval Amy Horowitz Diana N'Diaye Folklorists/Education Specialists Betty Belanus Marjorie Hunt Program Managers Carla Borden John Franklin Charlene James-Duguid Technical Director Pete Reiniger Design Director Joan Wolbier Archivist Jeff Place Media Specialist Van Robertson Folkways Fulfillment Manager Dudley Connell Folkways Business Manager Matt Walters Folkways Promotion Manager Brenda Dunlap Folkways Acting Program Assistant Mary Monseur Program Specialists Felicia Erickson Arlene Reiniger Mary Van Meter Education Coordinator Emily Botein Folkways Fulfillment Service Tom Adams Lee Michael Demsey Andrea Lecos Matt Levine Fiscal Managers Bill Holmes Heather MacBride

Administrative Assistants Linda Benner Donnell Gudger Bernard Howard

Design Assistant Karin Hayes

Acting Assistant Archivist Harris Wray

Research Associates Ken Bilby Roland Freeman Ivan Karp Corrine Kratz Alan Lomax Worth Long Yoon Park Kate Rinzler

National Science Resources Center

Executive Director Douglas M. Lapp Deputy Director for Information Dissemination. Materials Development, and Publications Charles N. Hardy Deputy Director for Development. External Relations, and Outreach Sally Goetz Shuler Administrative Officer R. Gail Thomas Financial Associate Anne E. Pomerleau Information!Technology Specialist Terence Proctor Executive Administrative Assistant Gail Greenberg Administrative Assistant Katherine Darke ice Assistant Tonya M. Miller Public Information Consultant Kathleen Holmay Development Consultant Leslie OF lahavan

Science and Technology for Children Prosect Director Joyce Lowry Weiskopf Research Associates Wendy R. Binder Edward Lee Christopher T. Lyon Carol ODonnell Katherine Stiles Program Assistant Lisa Bevell Office Assistant Amanda Revere Research Consultants Donald Cammiso Judith White Outreach Director Open Program Officer: Technical Assistance Open Program Associate: Leadership Institutes Julie Clyman Lee Program Assistant Cathy Gruber Consultant L. J. Benton Director of Information Dissemination Evelyn M. Ernst Program Officer Marilyn Fenichel Research Associate: Middle School Resources Barbara K. Johnson Program Officer: Networking Theodore D. Schultz Resource/ Database Specialist Rita C. Warpeha Program Assistant Sharon S. Seaward Director of Publications Dean Trackman Writer/Editor Lynn A. Miller Publications Technology Specialist Heidi M. Kupke Illustrator Max-Karl Winkler Editorial Assistant David Stein Editorial Consultants Laura Akgulian

Cindy Allen

Judith Grumstrup-Scott

Linda Harteker

Dorothy Sawicki Illustrator Consultant

Lois Sloan

Office of Elementary and Secondary

Education

Director Ann Bay Deputy Director for Administration Thomas E. Lowderbaugh, Ph.D. Publications Director Michelle Knovic Smith

Finance and Administration

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Finance and Administration

Assistant Secretary Nancy D. Suttenfield Deputy Director for Finance Rick R. Johnson Executive Assistant for Administration Carolyn E. Jones Executive Assistant Betty Lathern Special Assistant Aileen F. Wakefield Ombudsman Chandra Heilman

Office of Architectural History and Historic Preservation

Director Cynthia R. Field Keeper of the AAHP “Castle” Collection Richard E. Stamm Historic Preservation Specialist Amy Ballard Architectural Historian Robert J. Orr V Restoration Specialists Peter L. Muldoon Michael Hendron

Office of the Comptroller

Comptroller M. Leslie Casson Deputy Comptroller Robert A. Mills

Operations

Manager Phillip F. Norton

Financial Analysis and Reporting

Manager

Elard J. Phillips

Financial and Payroll Systems

Manager

Edward J. Ballotta

Office of Contracting and Property Management

Director John W. Cobert Deputy Director Vacant Federal and Trust Contracting Division Manager Lynn R. Spurgeon Business Contractin Division Manager Ronald F. Cuffe Assistant Manager Melissa S. Levine Travel Services Office Manager Judith Petroski Adminstration. Program Analysis and Property Division Manager (Acting) John P. Howser Procurenment Branch Chief Vacant Assistant Chief Laura E. Simmons

Property and Inventory

management Branch Chief

Jospeph Swihart

Office of Design

and Construction

Director (Acting) William L. Thomas

Associate Director William L. Thomas

Project & Construction

Management Division

Chief. Project & Construction Management

Charles H. Schneider

Construction Management

Branch

Chief, Construction Branch Loren D. Raap Planning & Programming Division Chief, Planning G Programming Harry Rombach Support Division Chief. Support Laura O. Hoing

Engineering & Design Division Chief, Engineering & Design Division I Shelley E. Harlan Chief, Engineering & Design Division I Sukhinder S. Sodhi Chief, Engineering & Design Division II Susan B. Wertheim

Office of Environmental Management and

Safety

Director F. William Billingsley

Environmental

Management Division

Assistant Director Rachel L. Gregory Executive Assistant to the

Director Walter G. Bailey

Fire and Life Safety Division Assistant Director

J. Andrew Wilson

Office of Equal Employment and Minority Affairs

Director Era L. Marshall Complaints Program Manager Robert L. Osborne Special Assistant to the Director McKinley Harris Affirmative Action Program Manager Carol Gover Special Emphasis Program Manager Angela Roybal Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization Program Manager Mauricio P. Vera

Office of Facilities

Services

Director of Factlztres Services (Acting) Richard Rice, Jr. Program Manager (Organization and Development) Mary Anne Valentine Program Manager (Finance) Ellen W. Miller Education Specialist Aimes L. Hill

Office of Human

Resources

Director Susan Roehmer Assistant Director. Operations Division Bernice B. Abram Assistant Director, Policy Division

vacant

Employee Assistance Program

Manager Verdine Frederick

Office of Plant

Services

Director Patrick Miller Financial management Officer Glennel Cooper Assoctate Director Engineering and Customer Service Division Lawrence Stuebing Asssttant Director Horticultural Services Division Nancy J. Bechrol Assitant Director Crafts Services Division Judie Cooper Associate Director Utilitiers. Operations & Maintenance Division

Howard L. Wink

Office of Printing and Photographic

Services

Director! Curator Jim Wallace Deputy Director Lorie H. Aceto Production Control Officer Mary Ellen McCaffrey

Special Assignments/ Photography Branch

Chief Dane A. Penland

Laboratory Branch

Chief Edes F. Talman

Services Branch

Chief Joyce M. Goulait

NASM Branch

Chief Mark Avino

NMNH Branch Chief

Victor Krantz

Color Branch

Chief Joe A. Goulait

Duplicating Branch Chief

Herman Thompson

Office of Protection Services

Director (Acting) Michael Sofield Associate Director “Management” Vacant Associate Director “Operations” Thomas H. Bresson

Protection Division Chief Vacant

Security Services Division

Chief Joseph Gallimore Security Systems Division

Chief Warren J. Danzenbaker Health Services Division Medical Officer Vacant NYC Security Operations Chief Luis A. Palau STRI Security Chief Alejandro Arze Parking Office Manager John W. Bausch OPS Supply Supply Officer Vacant Budget Officer Grady Kimbrough

Office of Sponsored

Progects

Director Ardelle G. Foss Administrative Officer Angela M. Lippitt

Grant Management Unit

Assistant Director. Grant Management J. Scort Robinson Grant/Contract Administrator Kathleen Hindle Karen E. Ou): David R. Short

Financial Management Unit

Assistant Director, Financial Management Ernest L Duncan Jr. Grant/Contract Financial Analysts Delores Clyburn Leni Figueiras Karen Williamson

Office of Risk and Asset Management

Treasurer Sudeep Anand

Risk Manager Jacqueline C. Young

Senior Investment Analyst Debra Winstead Endowment Control

Analyst

Korri Gruner

Risk Management Analyst Katherine Tkac Paralegal Specialst Nancy Lewis Budget Assistant Lizzie Clark

Disaster Preparedness

Coordinator

Priscilla A. Terry

Risk Management Analyst Katherine Tkac

Claims Assistant Nancy Lewis

The Under

Secretary

Office of the Under

Secretary

Under Secretary Constance Berry Newman Executive Assistant Anna B. Martin Administrative Officer Luwan Brown Confidential Assistant Constance Lykes

245

Institutional Advancement

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Institutional

Initiatives

Assistant Secretary

Alice Green Burnette Special Assistant

Daniel K. Stevenson Program Manager

Lois A. Noack Secretary

Donna R. Attaway Office Assistant

Dorothy A. Black

National Museum of the American Indian National Campaign

Director John L. Colonghi Assistant Director Susannah Kellems Development Officers John Carlin Lon Saavedra Melissa Tallent Program Specialist Lisa Meredith Development Assistants Sean Jenkins Ashley Tripplehorn Membership Services Director Lisa Gills Membership Services Assistants Arlette Draper Danielle Lote Manager, Special Events Mary Thomson Public Information Specialist Carol Grace Woodruff

246

Public Relations Assistant Lorraine Maughlin Administrative Officer Carol Nottingham Management Support Assistant Patricia Davis Secretary to the Director Stephanie Fick Office Automation Clerk

Kim Frietze

Office of Membership and Development

Director Marie A. Mattson Assistant Director for Corporate/Foundation Relations Nancy Fischer Assistant Director for Individual Giving Donna B. Ari Assistant Drrector for Membership & Volunteer Relations Diana D. Duncan Assistant Director for Administration & Operations Margo H. Knight Development Officers John Brown Barbara W. Freeman Arthur Gardner Daniel M. Linguiti Thomas Woodruff Contributing Membership Program Manager Christine Skennion Events Manager Nancy Lynner Database Coordinator Ann Bissell Information Resource Specialist James R. Stone Administrative Officer C. Fred Burnette

Office of Special Events and Conference Services

Acting Director Katherine Kirlin Special Events Coordinator Ted Anderson Cheryl Gibney Angela Leipold Nancy Lynner Conference Coordinator

Evan Stoddard

Other

Functions

Business Management Office

Acting Senior Business Officer Roland Banscher

Assistant Director of Operations Joe Carper

Retail Museum Shops

Assistant Director, Shops Personnel Dana S. Moreland Store Operations Manager Richard Kavanaugh Financial Manager Shawn Keeley Loss Prevention Manager Claude Nelson Retail Design Specialist Thora Color Warehouse Operations Manager Jim Storr MIS Manager Christopher smith Office Manager Janice Boggs

Mail Order Division

Assistant Director, Catalogue Maxine Ross

Controller Donald Fretwell Assistant Director. Operations Carol Fox Marketing Manager Susan Boghosian Purchasing Manager Ruby Sherman

Office of

Communications

Director David J. Umansky Secretary to the Director Michelle Carr

Management and Administration, Office of Public Affairs

Associate Director Eileen Jones

Administrative Officer Carolyn Amundson

Media Relations, Office of Public Affairs

Associate Director Linda St.Thomas

Staff Mary Combs Vicki Moeser Hamlet Paoletti Margaret Pulles Cesar Quinones William Schulz Rachel Sears

Publications Office, Office of Public Affairs Associate Director

Kathryn Lindeman

Staff

Ana Acosta Dan Agent

John Barrat Volunteer Coordinator

Office of Office of the Senior

Colleen Hershberger ) ‘ Susan Mond Carpenter Jo Ann Webb Government Information Officer Relations Educational and Director Cultural Programs : Arthur Denny 21.53 : Bese Enterprise Network Strate n : Visitor I nformation M. John Berry ut es ey Study Tours/Seminars and Associates ; eae. Relations JohnLeMaredi 3 ter Reception Center : Co ae ee Pablita Abeyta Amy Korkin Senior Government Relations Office of Information : Offi : : Director ee A nil eae Technology Liberal Arts/Special Mary Grace Potter pemacadh ators D Events DEA Dieoir Government Relations UAE PEE yea DE Specialist Vincent J. Marcalus

Elizabeth Bennett Administrative Officer

Manager, Infrastructure Program Manager

Manuel J. Melendez

Government Relations Technologies Ene ea Grace Tull Specialist George A. Anderson Carey A. Wilkins Manage, Customer Service Humanities, Arts, Sciences Information Resource Secretary ahs

Nanene Dale Director of Systems Engineering

Division

Unit Manager

Jane Gardner

Public Inquiry Mail and Telephone Information Service Unit

Unit Manager Katherine Neill Ridgley

Visitor Information Unit

Associate Coordinators Patricia Byrne Sheila Harris

Behind-the-Scenes Volunteer Program

Program Coordinator

Robby Buchanan

Telephone Information Service

Program Coordinator

Cordelia Benedict

Office of

Telecommunications

Director Paul B. Johnson Deputy Director Karen Loveland Motion Picture Production Specialist John W. Hiller Audto/ Visual Production Specialists John P. Meehan Laura Schneider Jacqueline Gales Webb Lee Woodman Marketing and Promotion Manager Denise Freeland Marketing Spectalist Martha Knouss Radio Production Specialist Wesley Horner John Tyler Administrative Officer Charlotte Brown Administrative Assistant Marie Gray

Susan McFarland

Manager, Research Information

Systems Beverly Westermeyer Manager of Budget and Administration Betsey Woods Manager. Policy and Security William McGeehan

The Smithsonian Associates

Director Mara Mayor Deputy Director Barbara Tuceling

Associate Director for Education

and Cultural Programs Carol Bogash Associate Director for Marketing and Membership Holly Dell Shaheen Public Affairs Officer Howard White Editor Cecelia Reed Administrative Officer Crystal Fleary

Program Manager Faye Browning

Performing Arts and Humanities

Program Manager Penne Dann

Smithsonian Institution Press

Acting Director Daniel Goodwin Deputy Director Vincent MacDonnell Chief Financial Officer John Ouellette Administrative Officer Anne Garvey

University Press

Acting Director Peter F. Cannell Managing Editor/Assistant Director Ruth Spiegel Production Manager Kenneth J. Sabol

Design Manager Alan Carter

Marketing Manager Hilary Reeves

Supervisor, Series Publications Diane Tyler

Book Development/New Media

Executive Editor Caroline Newman

Smithsonian Video

Executive Edttor Andrew Ferguson

Smithsonian Books

Editor-in-Chief

Pat Gallagher Senzor Editor

Alexis Doster III

Smithsonian Collection of Recordings

Executive Producer

Bruce Talbot

Smithsonian Magazine

Editor Don Moser

Board Editors Constance A. Bond Jim Doherty Tim Foote Marlane A. Liddell Sally Scott Maran Edgar Rich Nancy Seaman John P. Wiley, Jr.

Associate Editors Diane M. Bolz Kathleen M. Burke

Suzanne Crawford

248

Frances R. Glennon

Bruce Hathaway

Beth Py-Lieberman

Ruth Ravenel

Bonnie Stutski Assistant Editors

Caneel Cotton

Marian Smith Holmes

Taehee Kim

Alison C. McLean

Lucinda Moore Articles Assistants

Elizabeth J. Erskine

Angela M. Pleasants Research Assistants

Karla Henry

Carolyn McGhee

Minna Morse Contributing Editors

Edwards Park

Bennett Schiff Publisher

Ronald C. Walker Executive Assistant Publisher

Michelle A. McMahon Associate Publisher

Carey O. Randall Business Director

Mary Ellen Bobb Business Manager

Valerie Martin Circulation Director

Liberta Abbondante Assistant Circulation Director

Gale Page Marketing Director

Carolyn Topak Planning Director

Elizabeth Hopkins Fulfillment Director

Andrea Sole Production Director

E. Cherry Doyle Quality Manager

Greg Williams Editorial Production

Briggs Cunningham Advertising Director

David C. Cator Associate Advertising Director

James J. Sullivan Marketing Director ;

Margaret M. Clerkin Founders

S. Dillon Ripley

Edward K. Thompson Publisher Emeritus Joseph J. Bonsignore

Air&Space/ Smithsonian Magazine

Editor

George C. Larson Managing Editor

Tom Huntington Sensor Editor

Linda Musser Shiner Departments Editor

Patricia Trenner Senior Associate Editor

Perry Turner Associate Editors

Karen Jensen

Diane Tedeschi Photography/Illustration

Caroline Sheen Art Director

Phil Jordan Assistant

Gretchen Lessing Publisher

Ronald C. Walker Associate Publisher

Carey O. Randall Aavertising Director

Louis C. Kolenda Circulation Director

Liberta Abbondante Assistant Circulation Director

Gale Page Marketing Director

Caroline Topak Planning Director

Elizabeth Hopkins Production Manager

Sally Kingsley Production Assistant

Sue Nixson Business Manager

Shelia Perry Brannum Founder

Walter J. Boyne Publisher Emeritus

Joseph J. Bonsignore

Affiliated

Organizations

The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Chairman

James D. Wolfensohn President

Lawrence J. Wilker

National Gallery of Art

President Robert H. Smith

Office of the Director

Director Earl A. Powell III Deputy to the Director Carol W. Kelley Executive Assistant Angela LoRé

Office of the Deputy Director

Deputy Director Alan Shestack Andrew W. Mellon Senior Curator of Prints. Drawings, Photographs, and Sculpture Andrew C. Robison, Jr. Senior Curator of Paintings Edgar Peters Bowron Curator of American and British Paintings and Deputy Senior Curator of Paintings Nicolai Cikovsky Curator of Northern Renaissance Painting

John O. Hand

Curator of Southern Renaissance Painting David A. Brown Curator of Northern Baroque Painting Arthur K. Wheelock Curator of Southern Baroque Painting Diane DeGrazia Curator of French Paintings Philip Conisbee Curator of Twentieth-Century Art Mark Rosenthal Curator of Sculpture and Decorative Arts Douglas Lewis Curator of Old Master Prints H. Diane Russell Curator of Old Master Drawings Margaret Morgan Grasselli Curator of Modern Prints and Drawings Ruth Fine Curator of Photography Sarah Greenough Head. Department of Curatorial Records and Files Nancy Yeide Head. Department of Loans and the National Lending Service Stephanie Belt Chief Registrar Sally Freitag Registrar for Collections Mary Suzor Chief of Conservation Ross M. Merrill Chairman, Department of Painting Conservation David Bull Head, Department of Paper Conservation Shelley Fletcher Head. Department of Object Conservation Shelley Sturman Conservator. Textiles Conservation Julia Burke Head. Scientific Research Department René de la Rie

Head. Loans & Exhibitions Conservation Mervin Richard Chief of Exhibitions Programs D. Dodge Thompson Sentor Curator. Chief of Design Gaillard F. Ravenel Executive Librarian Neal T. Turtell Curator of Photographic Archives Ruth Rowe Philbrick Editor-in-Chief Frances Smyth Head, Imaging and Visual Services Department Ira Bartfield Head of Education Linda Downs Head, Adult Programs Department Lynn Russell Head, Department of Education Exhibition and Media Programs Susan Arensberg Head of Education Publications Programs Barbara Moore Head of Education Resources Ruth R. Perlin Head. Teacher and School Programs Ann Henderson Curator, Micro Gallery Vicki Porter

Office of External Affairs

External Affairs Officer Joseph J. Krakora Assistant to the Director for Special Events Genevra Higginson Press and Public Information Officer Deborah Ziska Corporate Relations and Venture Programs Officer Sandy Masor Development Officer Ruth Anderson Coggeshall Assistant to the Director for Music

George Manos

Chief of Horticulture Donald Hand

Office of the Secretary-General Counsel

Secretary-General Counsel Philip C. Jessup, Jr. Deputy Secretary-General Counsel Elizabeth A. Croog Chief of Gallery Archives Maygene Daniels

Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts

Dean

Henry A. Millon Associate Dean

Steven A. Mansbach Associate Dean

Therese O'Malley Acting Associate Dean

Gail Feigenbaum

Office of the Treasurer

Treasurer

Ann R. Leven Assistant Treasurer/F inancial

Management

Michael W. Levine Budget Officer

William H. Roache Comptroller

Dale Rinker

Office of the

Administrator

Administrator Darrell Willson Deputy Administrator Charles Schneider Facilities Manager Vacant Chief of Administrative Services Cathy Yates Personnel Officer Michael B. Bloom Chief of Protection Services

James Davis

Gallery Architect James M. Grupe Chief. Publications Sales

R. Keith Webb

Reading Is Fundamental, Inc.

Chairman of the Board Mrs. Elliot Richardson President Ruth Graves Director of Finance Christina Dykstra Mead Director, Systems, Computer, and Support Operations Don Perron Durector of Development Wade Sc. Clair Director of Special Progects Nancy Sullivan Director. Programs and Planning James H. Wendorf Director, Resource Coordination Jack K. White Finance Officer Oriente Arzadon Deputy Director. Programs Victoria J. Heland Senior Writer/Editor Gail Oerke

Woodrow Wilson International

Center for Scholars

Drrector Charles Blitzer Deputy Director Samuel F. Wells, Jr. Deputy Director for Planning and Management Dean W. Anderson Librarian Zdenek V. David Director of External A ffatrs Moira E. Egan

Director of DIALOGUE George L. Seay

Director of Fellowships Ann C. Sheffield

International Studies Division Director

Robert S. Litwak

250

Division of Regional and Comparative Studies

Director. Asta Program Mary Brown Bullock Director, Latin American Program Joseph Tulchin Director. Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studtes Blair Ruble Director, East European Studtes John Lampy Director, West European Studies Samuel F. Wells, Jr.

Division of United States Studies

Director

Michael J. Lacey

Division of Historical, Cultural, and Literary Studies

Director

James M. Morris

The Woodrow Wilson Center Press

Director of Publications Joseph Brinley

The Wilson Quarterly

Editor Jay Tolson Publisher Kathy Read

Donors to the Smithsonian

Institution in Fiscal

Year 1995

The Board of Regents and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution join

with the entire staff in thanking all of the Institution's friends for the gener-

osity they have shown with their financial support, gifts to the collection,

and in-kind donations. Gifts are recorded under the title of the recipient bu-

reau or office, with a brief description of the gift where appropriate. If per-

chance the name of any donor has been omitted from these lists, it is an

inadvertence and in no way diminishes the Institution's gratitude. Many

gifts were received from donors who prefer to remain anonymous; the

Smithsonian wishes to thank these people, as well, for their support.

Sciences

National Museum of Natural History

Donors of Financial Support

$1, 000, 000 or more

Mrs. Janet Annenberg Hooker

$ 500, 000 or more

The Nippon Foundation (formerly known as the Sasakawa Peace Foundation)

The Pew Charitable Trusts

Times Mirror Magazines, Inc.

$100, 000 or more

Anonymous

Citibank, N.A.

Discovery Communications, Inc. Freeport McMoRan, Inc.

Harbor Branch Institution, Inc. Integraph Corporation

S.C. Johnson & Son

National Ocean Industries Association Orkin Pest Control

$50, 000 or more

Dr. and Mrs. Robert C.C. Chiu

Elesabeth Ingalls Gillet Foundation

The Ambassador & Mrs. L.W. Lane, Jr. Fund

Motorola, Inc.

Mr. Laurence W. Lane, Jr.

Peninsula Community Foundation

Rockefeller Foundation

Surdna Foundation, The

$10, 000 or more

American Physical Therapy Association

Anonymous

Apple Computer, Inc.

Aroaima Bauxite Company, Ltd.

Bran & Luebbe, Inc.

Center for Marine Conservation, Inc.

Cleveland-Cliffs, Inc.

Dr. G. Arthur Cooper

Cyprus Amax Minerals Company

Marna Disbrow

Elle Corporation

Ford Division

Ford Motor Company

Mr. and Mrs. Alfred C. Glassell, Jr.

Golden Key National Honor Society

Mrs. Katharine M. Graham

Heinz Family Foundation

Mrs. Drue M. Heinz

Mrs. Teresa Heinz

Mrs. Marion C. Link

The John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

Marpat Foundation, Inc.

Molson Breweries USA, Inc.

National Geographic Society

National Ocean Industries Association

Mrs. Jefferson Patterson

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Space Biospheres Ventures

UNDP Representative in Guyana

Mr. and Mrs. Milton H. Ward

The Washington Post Company

World Wildlife Fund

World Wildlife Fund-Canada

$5, 000 or more

The American Society for Cell Biology Camalott Charitable Foundation

S. Sidney DeYoung Foundation

Dr. William B. Ellis

Mr. and Mrs. Ben Hammett

IBM Corporation

Estate of Helen Katchmar

Madame Tomo Kikuchi

Northeast Utilities Service Company Royal Ontario Museum

Thai Airways International, Ltd.

The Science Alliance

T.F.H. Publications, Inc.

Mrs. Lillian Turner

University of California at Los Angeles

The Washington Biologist Field Club, Inc. Mrs. Alexander Wetmore

$1, 000 or more

American Federation of Mineralogical Societies

Amoco Eurasia Petroleum Company

Bank of America Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Carr

King and Jean Cummings Charitable Trust

Mr. H. King Cummings

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Gray, Jr.

Tatiana Dominick

Mr. and Mrs. Robert K. Edson

Sumner Gerard Foundation

Mr. David M. Hicks

Hicks Charitable Foundation

Elaine R.S. Hodges

Dr. Ronald W. Hodges

Mr. D. Brainerd Holmes

Fidelity Investments

Jorge Scientific Corporation

Alice Stockton Konze Fund

Lieutenant Colonel William K. and Mrs. Alice S. Konze

Dr. Roxie C. Laybourne

The Lerner-Gray Foundation, Inc.

The Maine Community Foundation

Mr. John C. Meeker

Norcold Division

Mr. & Mrs. David A. Olive

Mrs. Withrow Weir Meeker

Mr. and Mrs. James Patton, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph A. Peterson

Ms. Judy Lynn Prince

Quad/Graphics

Reef Encrustaceans, Inc.

Danforth K. Richardson

Honorable and Mrs. S. Dillon Ripley, II

Charles A. Ross

Marguerite V. Schneeberger

C.G. Sloan & Company, Inc.

Dr. Dwight Smith and Ms. Marillyn Suzuki-Day

Mr. Alan G. Spoon

Sumner Gerard Foundation

The Honorable Sumner Gerard

Mr. and Mrs. William C. Storey

Dr. F. Christian Thompson

TPA Company

Dr. Austin B. Williams

Mr. John A. Traina, Jr.

252

The Washington Biologist Field Club, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Sidney S. Zlotnick

$500 or more

American Marine, Inc.

The Honorable and Mrs. James L. Buckley Coralife/Energy Savers Unlimited Detroit Zoological Society

Mr. Samuel C. Ford

Ms. Olga M. Mazza

Mr. John J. Trelawney

USA Hosts

Dr. Michael Vecchione

Dr. Don E. Wilson

The Zoological Society of San Diego

Donors to the Collection

Combined Gifts and Exchange Materials from Institutions

Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Mexico. 137 plants (414342).

Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste, Ar- gentina. 268 plants (408813).

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France. 109 plants (409764).

National Tropical Botanical Garden. 142 plants (409322).

New York Botanical Garden. 76 plants (408722, 409346).

Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Spain. 69 plants (414115).

Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. 15 plants (410118).

Universidad Central de Venezuela, Ven- ezuela. 291 plants (408443).

Materials Received as an Exchange Between Institutions

Aarhus, University of, Denmark. 27 plants (410855, 412844, 414766).

Academia Sinica, Republic of China (Taiwan). 56 plants (411658) .

Academy of Natural Sciences. 18 fishes (413513).

Alberta, University of, Canada. 10 mosses (412993).

All Russia Plane Quarantine Institute, Russia. 53 insects (410760).

Arizona, University of. 46 plants (411683).

Australian National University, Aus- tralia. 25 lichens (412486).

Bergen, University of, Norway. 49 insects (414872).

Bernice P. Bishop Museum. 1,439 plants (406640, 407180, 410814, 411998, 412995, 414765)

Botanical Garden and Museum, Nor- way. 81 plants (412018, 412986).

Botanical Museum and Herbarium, Denmark. 650 plants (407224, 414145, 414267).

Botanische Staatssammlung, Germany. 651 plants (412497).

Brigham Young University. 70 plants (413049).

California Academy of Sciences. 8 fruit flies (412726).

California Department of Food and Ag- riculcure. 10 fruit flies (412721)

California, University of. 4 insects (412743).

Centre ORSTOM de Cayenne, French Guiana. 77 plants (411667, 414774).

Centre de ORSTOM de Tahiti, French Polynesia: 428 plants (414335)

Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico. 94 plants (410775).

Department of Natural Resources, Puerto Rico. 38 plants (411627).

Fairchild Tropical Garden. 4 plants (407177).

Field Museum of Natural History. 26 plants (410811, 413025).

Florida, University of. 400 mollusks (410389, 410414); 33 plants (410073).

Friedrich-Schiller Universitat, Ger- many. 4 plants (407149).

Guam, University of, Guam. 20 ferns (408871).

Harvard University. 4 fishes (412253); 127 lichens (413820).

Helsinki, University of, Finland. 12 li- chens (414333).

Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Bolivia. 188 plants (411930, 414072, 414314).

Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica, Costa Rica. 91 plants (410856).

Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary. 35 insects (410761).

Institute for Taxonomic Zoology, Neth- erlands. 10 echinoderms (412867).

Institute of Botany, People’s Republic of China. 200 plants (412475).

Institute of Systematic Botany, Nether- lands. 727 plants (411685, 412484, 412833).

Instituto Boranico (Caracas), Venezuela. 12 plants (411706).

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de Amazonia, Brazil. 3 fruit flies (412739); 54 plants (406188, 414100).

Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agro- pecuaria, Argentina. 77 plants (414343).

Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste, Ar- gentina. 119 plants (413823).

Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico. 18 insects (411797).

Iowa State University. 161 plants (411655).

Kansas, University of. 212 plants (412547).

Kyoto University, Japan. I cast of a bird skeleton (411612).

Laboratory for Plant Taxonomy and Ge- ography, Netherlands. 26 plants (407708).

Michigan Srate University. 210 lichens (411684).

Michigan, University of. 4 plants (414814); 1 vertebrate skull cast (412179).

Missouri Botanical Garden. 803 plants (411666, 412019, 412804, 413761, 413779, 414083, (414125, 414318, 414767).

Museo Argentino de Ciencias Natura- les, Argentina. IO insects (414051). Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France. 61 plants (411992, 412965,

414813).

National Boranical Institute, South Af- rica. 50 plants (412494).

National Herbarium of Canada, Can- ada. 101 lichens (414842).

National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australia. 42 plants (413822).

National Science Museum, Japan. 25 li- chens (414784).

National Tropical Botanical Garden. 251 plants (411663, 412988, 413026).

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Aus- tria. 100 plants (410837).

Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Germany. 13 echinoderms (410987).

New Hampshire, University of. 40 plants (410815).

New Mexico State University. 6 plants (410843).

New York Botanical Garden: 1,020 plants (410794, 410836, 411665, 411720, 411988, 412502, 412824, 412987, 413760, 413763, 414063, 414126, 414302, 414304, 414827).

Oregon State University. 131 plants (413762).

Panama, Universidad de, Panama. 7 ferns (408405).

Queensland Museum, Australia. 157 bird specimens (411605).

Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. 256 plants (410854, 414146) .

Real Jardin Botanico, Spain. 22 plants (411721).

Rijksherbarium, Netherlands. 33 plants (414778).

Royal Botanic Gardens, England. 439 plants (410824, 411697, 412515, 414094, 414796).

Royal Botanic Gardens (Edinburgh), Scotland. 1 plant (411971).

Royal Botanic Gardens, Sri Lanka. 119 plants (412509).

Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. 655 lady beetles (414052).

South Australian Museum , Australia. 162+ Crustaceans (410324).

State Herbarium of South Australia, Australia. 90 plants (411651).

Stellenbosch, University of, South Af- rica. 7 insects (409583).

Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden. 64 bird skins, skeletons, etc. (411535).

Tasmania, University of, Australia. 53 crustaceans (413575).

Texas A & M University. 127 plants (414787).

Texas at El Paso, University of. 2 mol- lusks (410398).

Texas, University of. 69 plants (408811, 411985, 413768).

Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan. 40 insects (411806).

Universidad Complutense, Spain. 50 plants (414106).

Universidad de Alicante, Spain. 4 in- sects (414050, 414863).

Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. 2,670 fishes (411101, 414970).

Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Bra- zil. 69 fishes (412302)

Uppsala, University of, Sweden. 158 li- chens (412476).

V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Rus- sia. 264 plants (412992).

Vanderbilt University-Herbarium. 85 plants (410499).

Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 6 fishes (412269).

Wisconsin, University of. 81 plants (407212, 409732).

Institutional Gifts

ARCO Alaska, Inc., Alaska. 17 fishes (413533).

Aarhus University, Denmark. 166 plants (407188, 410860, 411644).

Academy of Natural Sciences. 2 fishes (411103).

Agriculture, U.S. Department of. 12,513 insects (408016, 409060, 411802).

Alabama, University of. 23 echinoderms (412952).

Alberta, University of, Canada. 11 ground beetles (411818).

Amazonas, Universidade do, Brazil. 26 fishes (412247).

American Indian Program Fund. 51 arti- facts (380530, 400197).

American Museum of Natural History. 2 mollusks (408055); 20 echinoderms (409673).

American University. 3 worms (410625).

Antioquia, Universidad de, Colombia. 53 plants (410783).

Architect of the Capitol. 4 rocks (411446).

Arizona, University of. 1 plant (414306); 5 snake skeletons (400121).

Asociacion Jardin Botanico La Laguna, E! Salvador. 28 plants (411637).

Asociacion Mexicana de Orquideologia A.C., Mexico. 10 orchids (412008).

Australian Museum, Australia. 15 crusta- ceans (392567); 4 mollusks (413103).

Australian National University, Aus- tralia. 25 lichens (414768).

Bergen, University of, Norway. 1 plant (414811).

Bernice P. Bishop Museum. 8 plants (411934, 411972, 412765, 413027); 4 crustaceans (361637); I fish (412285).

Biosphere II. 100 + echinoderms (412921).

Biosystematic Research Center, Canada. 3 insects (414880).

253

Birmingham, University of, Great Brit- ain. 87 plants (414830).

Bonn, University of, Germany. 21 plants (412.485).

Brigham Young University. 8 insects (409605); 1 plant (412826).

British Columbia, University of, Can- ada. 9 plants (414266).

British Museum (Natural History), En- gland. 21 birds (406588, 411556).

California Academy of Sciences. 2 in- sects (411805); 2 plants (414799); 2 echinoderms (412886).

California State University. 593+ crusta- ceans (405300); 20+ echinoderms (412898).

California, University of. 20 crustaceans (411863, 413569); 302 echinoderms (412859, 412870, 412880, 412887, 412918, 412903, 415463); 1,357 imsects

(409044); 5 plants (411719, 414151); 18 fishes (413546).

Cambridge, University of, Great Brit- ain. 10 plants (411970).

Campinas, Universidade Estadual de, Brazil. 7 plants (414278).

Canfield Fund. 3 minerals (409199, 411234, 411246).

Canfield and Mineral Funds. 2 minerals (411298).

Canovas del Castilio, Spain. 4 mollusks (410448).

Casey Fund. 3,484 insects (414033).

Center for Biodiversity. 6 crayfish (411866).

Centre ORSTOM de Cayenne, French Guiana. 381 plants (410813, 410866).

Centre for Land and Biological Resource Research. 12 plants (408890).

Centre for Research in Medical Ento- mology, India. 3 insects (409055). Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo, Mexico. 6 crustaceans (407871,

410302, 411921, 413616).

Chamberlain Fund. 1 mineral (411302).

Charleston, College of. 1300+ crusta- ceans (405155).

Chiba University, Japan. 2 plants (412764).

China University of Geosciences, China. 430+ fossils (411180).

Clemson University. 28 insects (409604,

410740); 1 plant (411643). Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico. I plant (411625).

254

College of William and Mary. 275 fishes (412263).

Colorado College. 1 plant (414781).

Colorado State University. 7 plants (414073, 414324).

Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, Brazil. 8 plants (410849, 411702).

Conservation Fund. 20 crustaceans (411859).

Conservation International. 54 echino- derms (409685).

Cook Islands Natural Heritage Project. Go freshwater fishes (412261).

Copenhagen, University of, Denmark. 2 spiders (414045).

Coral Reef Research Foundation, Micro- nesia. I echinoderm (412871).

Cornell University. 43 crustaceans (410386); 130 plants (407660).

Costa Rica, Universidad de, Costa Rica. 4 fishes (414964).

Department of Marine & Wildlife Re- sources, American Samoa. I bird skin (411544).

Department of Natural Resaurces, Mari- ana Islands. 1 bird skin (410285).

Desautels Fund. 1 mineral (404721).

Doe Run Company. 2 rocks (411441).

Drew University. 4 crustaceans (411887).

Dublin, University College, Ireland. 33 worms (412556).

East Tennessee State University. I crusta- cean (413600).

Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Brazil. 10 plants + 1 seed packet (414359).

Fairchild Tropical Garden. 1 plant (414311).

Far Eastern State University, Russia. 4 worms (410628).

Field Museum of Natual History. 25 plants (411983, 412963, 414268).

Florentinae, Universitatis, Italy. 37 plants (414084).

Florida State University. 1 plant (410845).

Florida, University of. 29 crustaceans (407858, 407788); 4 insects (414870); 1 plant (408365).

Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Germany. 17 insects (410766, 411813).

Fundacao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, Brazil. 379 plants (412984, 414091, 414841).

Gdansk University, Poland. 25 lichens (414313).

Geological Institute, Yokohama Na- tional University, Japan. 50 mollusks (398251).

George Washington University. 5 echi- noderms (410995).

Georgia, University of. 121+ crustaceans (403806).

Gottingen, Universitat, Germany. 6 plants (412000).

Guadalajara, Universidad de, Mexico. 92 plants (410804).

Guam, University of, Guam. 328 plants (407480, 410835).

Guelph, University of, Canada. 1 proto- zoan type slide (412891).

Gulf Coast Research Laboratory. 114 echinoderms (412940, 415467).

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institu- tion. 3 worms (410620).

Harvard University: 1 plant (411682).

Helsinki, University of, Finland. 40 in- sects (414869).

Herbario Amazonico Colombiano. 5 plants (411937).

Herbario Forestal Nacional “Martin Car- denas”, Bolivia. 70 plants (412478).

Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. 512 plants (411924, 411928, 414066, 414067, 414315, 414316).

Horticulture & Food Restaurant Insti- tute of New Zealand, New Zealand. 2 echinoderms (412924).

Hugo de Vries - Laboratory, Nether- lands. 11 plants (412542, 412774).

Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary. 18 insects (411787).

INBIO, Costa Rica. 2 insects (410771).

Idaho, University of . 15 insects (410758).

Illinois Natural History Survey. 35 plants (412471).

Institut d’Estudis Avancats de les Illes Balaers, Spain. 2 bird skeletons (414370).

Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Belgium. 5 crustaceans (410379).

Institute of Systematic Botany, Nether- lands. 51 plants (412544).

Instituto Botanico (Caracas), Venezuela. 108 plants (410527).

Instituto de Biologia, Brazil. 113 crusta- ceans (410353).

Instituto de Botanica (Sao Paulo), Bra- zil. 1 algae specimen (414068); 1 fern (414331).

Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico. 41 in- sects (411792).

Insticuut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Netherlands. 2 worms (408614).

Instituut vor Systematiek en Pop- ulatiebiologie, Netherlands. 22 crus- taceans (410381).

International Potato Center, Peru. 68 plants (410099, 414104, 414852).

Towa State University. 3 plants (414061, 414281, 414290).

Iowa, University of. 20 echinoderms (412876).

J-L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, South Africa. 5 fishes (412266, 413465).

Jardin Botanico Juan Maria Cespedes, Colombia. 71 plants (411923, 413793).

Juiz de Fora, Universidade Federal de, Brazil. 19 plants (410851, 414142).

Kansas, University of. Io insects (409057).

Khartoum, University of, Sudan. 160 plants (414307).

La Habana, Universidad de, Cuba. 25 crustaceans (407861).

Laboratory for Plant Taxonomy & Geog- raphy, Netherlands. 1 plant (411964).

Lamar University Orange. 3 shrimps (411824).

Lisboa, Universidade de, Portugal. 6 crabs (411857).

Liverpool Museum, England. 76 plants (411713).

Los Angeles County, Natural History Museum of. 11 flies (414040).

Louisiana State University. 126 crusta- ceans (410358); 4 fishes (411117); 68 plants (414782); 1 bird skin (411601); 1 worm (412585).

Lund University, Sweden. 4 echino- derms (411005).

MacQuarie University, Australia. 10 worms (410612).

Maine at Orono, University of. 1 rock (411463).

Maryland, University of. 2 crustaceans (413639); 2 echinoderms (412916).

McMurry University. 3 crustaceans (413561).

Miami, University of. 1 echinoderm (412875); 1 crustacean (407800).

Michigan, University of. 2 plants (414137).

Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal de, Brazil. 89 plants (414273, 414279, 414332).

Mineral Fund: 23 minerals (406382, 411262, 411301, 413672).

Mississippi State University. I insect (409591); 682 salamanders (398017).

Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium. 919 plants (404952, 407687, 410561, 410841, 410852, 412017, 412021, 413859, 414850).

Monterey Bay Aquarium Institute. 8 mollusks (413102).

Museo de Historia Natural, Peru. 669 freshwater fishes (412317).

Museu Botanico Municipal, Brazil. 377 plants (407381, 410850, 411701, 412815, 412967, 414118, 414127, 414785, 414792, 414815, 414818).

Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Brazil. 85 plants (413037, 414297).

Museum National D’Hiscoire Naturelle, France. 3 insects (411796); 3 crustaceans (407831, 407863); 186 plants (413812, 414345, 414822, 414848); 5 mollusks (413082).

Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Netherlands. 1 crustacean (410354).

National Institute of Biology, Slovenia. 17 crustaceans (410361).

National Institute of Hygiene & Epide- miology, Vietnam. 397 crustaceans (407853).

Natural History Museum, Great Brit- ain. I plant (413019).

Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc.. 1 mummified human head (409910).

Nature Conservancy. 1 plant (412802).

Naturhistorisches Museum, Austria. 2 crabs (405154).

New Hampshire, University of. 15 echi- noderms (411019).

New Mexico State University. 10 plants (410842, 414761).

New Orleans Mosquito Control Board. 1,402 crustaceans (407904, 411870, 413574).

New South Wales, National Herbarium of, Australia. 1 plant (414136).

New York Boranical Garden. 6 crusta- ceans (407784); 122 plants (410791, 410820, 411662, 411668, 411987, 412500, 412541, 412985, 413795).

New York State Department of Health. 5 fossils (410245).

New Zealand, National Museum of, New Zealand. 34 mollusks (413104).

Newberry College. 72 plants (411931, 412.490).

Newfoundland, University of, New- foundland. 30+ crustaceans (395911).

Nippon Veterinary & Animal Science University, Japan. 2 protozoan slides (412881).

North Carolina Central University. 5 echinoderms (412922).

North Carolina State Museum of Natu- ral Sciences. 7 crustaceans (410345); 1 fossil shark tooth (410207); 52 insects (414030); I worm (412567).

North Carolina at Charlotte, University of. 7 echinoderms (412874).

North Texas, University of. 132 insects (410735).

Northern Arizona University. 2 echino- derms (410997).

Northern Kentucky University. 27 plants (412837).

Northern State University. 1 bird skin (407622).

Nova University. 6 decapods (403787); 2 worms (410624).

Nova University Oceanographic Center. 11 echinoderms (411004).

Oceanology, Institute of, China. 1 echi- noderm (410994).

Office of Director Discretionary Fund. 1 skull cast (412201).

Ohio Strate University. 3 echinoderms (415469).

Old Dominion University. 48 crusta- ceans (394096).

Oman Natural History Museum, Oman. 1 bird skin (406588).

Oporto, University of, Portugal. 2 pro- tozoan type slides (411006, 412897).

Oregon State University. 264 insects (409596, 409602, 410759).

P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russia. 12 fishes (412296).

Panama, Universidad de, Panama. 4 crustaceans (410334).

Pennsylvania, State Museum of. I cast of fossil skull (411206).

Pernambuco, Universidade Federal de, Brazil. 126+ crustaceans (405265).

Pisa, University of, Italy. 40 insects (411791).

Portobello Marine Laboratory, New Zea- land. 6 crustaceans (407859, 411826).

Potomac Museum Group. 6 fossils (411208).

Prirodovedecka fakulta Univerzity, Czechoslovakia. 6 insects (409588, 409590).

Puerto Rico, Universidad de, Puerto Rico. 2 plants (414310); 14 echino- derms (411013, 411018, 411906, 412894); 1 leech (410593); 34 shrimps (410383); Io fishes (413547).

Queens University, Canada. 1 echino- derm (412860).

Queensland, University of, Australia. 1 worm (412568).

Reading, University of, Great Britain. 1 echinoderm (415462); 3 plants (412755).

Real Jardin Botanico, Spain. 30 plants (410810).

Remington and Marguerite Kellogg Fund. 400 fossil vertebrates (408303, 411165).

Rio de Janeiro, Univ. do Estado do, Bra- zil. 66 insects (412729).

Rochester, University of. 2 crustaceans (405341).

Roebling Fund. 86+ minerals (406383, 409122, 409123; 409152, 409153, 411242, 411303, 411311, 411312, 411313, 411314, 411315, 411318, 411320, 413669, 413670, 413673, 413679).

Roland W. Brown Fund. 121 fossil plants (412191).

Royal Botanic Gardens, England. 24 plants (410543, 414119, 414801).

Royal Botanic Gardens, Scotland. 37 plants (412810, 414105, 414788).

Royal British Columbia Museum, Can- ada. 1 echinoderm (410998).

San Marcos, Universidad Nacional Mayor de, Peru. 19 plants (411623, 413801, 414325).

Sao Paulo, Universidade de, Brazil. 32 plants (412548); 2 mollusks (413147).

Sarawak Forest Herbarium, Malaysia. 21 plants (414330).

Servicio Agricola y Ganadero, Chile. 3 insects (414054).

South Carolina, University of. 7 plants (406116).

Southern Arkansas University. 8 cray- fish (407742).

Southwest Louisiana, University of. 1 shrimp (411874).

Stuart Fund. 14 minerals (406376, 409121, 411235, 411269, 411300).

Scuart and Chamberlain Funds. 2 miner-

als (411233).

256

Sul Ross State University. 116 plants (411714, 413017).

Tel-Aviv University, Israel. 89 insects (414047).

Texas A&M University. 1 shrimp (410350).

Texas Park & Wildlife Department. 2 insects (409063).

Texas Technical University. 4 mites or ticks (411804).

Tokyo University of Fisheries, Japan. 3 fishes (413516).

Transkei, University of, South Africa. 9 plants (410853).

Trondheim, Universitetsbiblioteket, Norway. 15 fishes (412311).

Turku, University of, Finland. 96 crusta- ceans (407798).

Ucah, University of. 1 plant (414844).

Valle, Universidad del, Colombia. 4 plants (410793).

Venezuela, Universidad Central de, Ven- ezuela. 11 plants (410781).

Virginia Department of Conservation. 1 insect (411788).

Virginia Division of Natural Resources. 5 crustaceans (407764, 411858).

Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 2 shrimps (411878); 289 fishes (412263, 413487).

Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University. 4 freshwater clams (413135).

Walcott Fund. 220 fossils (411132, 413905).

West Florida, University of. 23 echino- derms (410999, 412917).

West Indies, University of the, Jamaica. 9 echinoderms (411011).

Western Australian Museum, Australia. 430 marine fishes (412242); I5 meteor- ices = (414490).

Wildfowl and Wetland Trust, England: 15 bird skeletons (411578).

Wisconsin, University of. 18 plants (410798).

Yale University. 2 insects (409053).

Zulia, Universidad del, Venezuela. 37 plants (411984).

Zurich, Universitat, Switzerland. 26 plants (413041, 413042).

Material Found in the Collections

Smithsonian Institution. 6 rocks (411442, 414492); 8 birds (411528); 9

meteorites (411406); scientific equip- ment (409909).

Transferred Materials from other Government Entities

Agriculture, U. S. Department of. 273 crustaceans (407797); 4,692 insects (414024, 414037); 18 beetles (412748).

Commerce, U.S. Department of. 1 echi- noderms (412926); 102 crustaceans (256361, 405195, 410355); 54 fishes (412299, 413486).

Department of Environmental Quality. 142 fossils (413916).

Environmental! Protection Agency, U.S.. 13,773+ fishes (411084, 414963); I worm (410598).

Interior, U.S Department of the. 372 birds (387814, 399219, 411526, 411530); 115 crustaceans (410311, 411910); 2 fishes (412273); 249 fossils (411200, 411202, 412126, 412149, 412155, 412220, 413955, 414562); 12 minerals (411243, 411282, 413674, 413717); 44 plants (410496); 231 rocks (364237, 411462); 10 slides (413862); 2 sets of drill cores (411445).

National Biological Service. 401 fishes (414965).

National Marine Fisheries Service: 400+ crustaceans (406087)

National Science Foundation. 302 mete- orites (414476).

Smithsonian Institution. 7 crustaceans (407756).

Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhi- bition Service. 19 rocks (411439).

Smithsonian National Zoological Park. lizards (373545).

Smithsonian Tropical Research Insti- tute, Panama: 340 plants (407136, 408404, 408827);

4 worms (412574.)

Donors to the Collection

Bequests

George W. Bain. 3 minerals (411278). Louis Walters: 1 mineral (404731).

Material Collected for the Museum

Dr. Pedro Acevedo-Rodriquez. 1,074 plants (411974, 411975, 411976, 413798).

Nancy E. Adams. 14 insects (412736).

D. Appleman: See also Timothy Rose (411497).

Dr. Diomedes Quintero Arias. 31 insects (409041).

Vic Avery: See also Timothy Rose (411430).

Dr. Bruce M. Beehler. 1 bird (411590).

Dr. Raymond W. Bouchard. 68 insects (410741).

Dr. Michael J. Braun. 584 birds (408936, 411598, 411618).

Dr. Mike Brett-Surman. 50 fossil reptile specimens (410187).

D. Chaney: See also Timothy Rose (411497).

Dr. Jon Coddington. 329 spiders and other arthropods (412733, 412744).

Deborah Danaher. 1 echinoderm (412955).

Dr. Don R. Davis. 1,080 insects and plants (410753).

James P. Dean: See also Dr. Michael J. Braun (411618).

Dr. Paula DePriest. 437 lichens (410564).

Louise Emmons: 43 frogs and lizards (400118).

Dr. Robert Faden: 105 plants (410844, 411963, 412487, 412775).

Dr. Kristian Fauchald. 500+ crustaceans (407887).

Dr. Daniel J. Feller. 50+ mollusks (410444).

Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr.. 2,974 insects, 6 crustaceans (410767, 410770, 411793).

Dr. and Mrs. Oliver S. Flint, Jr.. 9,728 insects (410765).

Dr. Kurt Fredriksson. 52 meteorites (414489).

Dr. Terrence Frest. 300+ mollusks (410429).

Vicki A. Funk. 145 plants (414303).

Gary R. Graves. 113 bird specimens (411560, 411561).

Leslie Hale: See also Timothy Rose (411430). , See also Dr. Sorena Soren- son (411433).

Christopher R. Hardy. 1 plant (411965).

John Haynes: See also Dr. Sorena Soren- son (411433).

Dr. Robert Hershler. 200+ freshwater snails (413144).

Dr. W. Duane Hope. 65+ worms (412577).

Dr. Nicholas Horton, III. 200 fossils (412164).

Carol L. Kelloff. 116 plants (410534).

Dr. John Kress. 182 plants (411700, 412506, 412545, 412976, 414350).

J. Jerry Landye. 1000+ freshwater snails (413127).

David B. Lellinger. 86 plants, mostly ferns (407640).

Jon Lewis. 191 insects (414057).

Jim Luhr. 6 rocks (411434). ; See also Dr. Sorena Sorenson (408650, 411433, 411440).

Dr. Raymond B. Manning: 1 worm (403762).

Dr. A.M. Frias Martins. 30+ freshwater snails (410483).

Dr. Wayne N. Mathis. 7,701 insects (409577, 411789, 414031, 414048, 414049).

Dr. Michael Mazurkiewicz. 1000+ fresh- water snails (413121).

Dr. William Melson. 1 rock (411443).

Dr. Ernani G. Menez. 39 marine fishes (413527).

Dr. Ellinor Michel. 25+ mollusks (410397).

Natalie Nielson: See also Timothy Rose (411430).

Albert Noonan: See also Dr. Kurt Fredriksson (414489).

Dr. Lynne R. Parenti. 912 freshwater fishes (413478).

Dr. Paul M. Peterson. 41 grasses & other plants (411693).

Arnold L. Powell. 15 echinoderms (411009).

John Pruski. 7 plants (407722, 414344).

John Rappole: See also Dr. Pamela C. Rasmussen (411569).

Dr. Pamela C. Rasmussen. 397 bird specimens (411569, 411622).

Mark B. Robbins: See also Dr. Michael J. Braun (411618).

Timothy Rose. 19 rock (411430, 411497).

See also Dr. Sorena Sorenson (408650, 411440).

Dr. Klaus Ruetzler. 13 echinoderms

(412939).

Eugene Sattler: See also Dr. Michael J. Braun (411598).

Dr. Laurence E. Skog. 29 plants (408397).

Dr. Sorena Sorenson. 43 rocks (408650, 411433, 411440).

Dr. Paul J. Spangler. 5,999 insects (409592, 410756). , 50 mollusks (410756).

Mark T. Strong. 117 plants (411961).

Dr. James C. Tyler: 1 crab (403489). , 17 fishes (412252, 414986).

Dr. Dieter Wasshausen. 120 plants (407666).

Chris Wemmer: See also Dr. Pamela C. Rasmussen (411569).

Kristof Zyskowski: See also Dr. Michael J. Braun (411618).

Material Received as Part of an Exchange

Dubi Benyamini. 16 bees (412753).

Jerrell Daigle. 10 insects (409585).

Dr. Mark N. Feinglos. 7 minerals (404732).

Dr. Stuart M. Fullerton. 14 insects (409049).

Dr. A. A. Godovikov. 16 various miner- als (409149).

Dr. B. Hofmann. 7 minerals (396381).

Dr. John W. Ismay. 41 insects (409573).

Marvin Killgore. 1 meteorite (409649).

Karel Majer. 7 insects (410755).

Dr. Bernhard Merz. 24 imsects (411794).

Thomas W. & Jane P. Nelson. 1 plant (412009).

Dr. Shuji Okajima. 40 insects (410750).

Dr. Masataka Sato. 16 insects (409054).

Dr. James Schwade. 1 meteorite (411344).

Donations from Individuals

Dr. Philip A. Adam. 1 insect (410737).

Dr. James K. Adams. 27 moths (414877).

John Allaman. 39 minerals (411281).

David Alligood. 306 fossils (411217).

L. E. Anhorn. 18 spiders (409575).

Dr. J. S. Ash. 1 partial pelvis bone of a bird (411619).

Sheridan W. Atkinson: See also James W. Cowan (411249).

Dr. Warren T. Atyeo. 12 mites and ticks (414042).

Dr. S. W. Bailey. 1 mineral (409202).

Dr. Joseph K. Balcionas. 16 moths (414036).

Dr. George E. Ball. 5 insects (409578).

Dr. R. M. Baranowski. 2,560 insects (411795).

Dr. Roberto Barbieri. 8 fossils (413913).

Carlos do Prado Barbosa. 1 mineral (409120).

Ruth S. Barnes. 4 Somalian artifacts (400217).

Linda Basham. 2 cicadas (414053).

Vernon Bates. 1 plant (410784).

John L. Baum. 1 mineral (372621).

Eric N. Beach. 10 fossil vertebrates (407551).

Dr. R. S. Beal, Jr.. 3 beetles (414864).

Dr. Rudolf W. Becking. 4 plants (413802).

Dimicrii Belakovskii. 2 minerals (413714).

Mrs. Genevieve H. Bellis. 27 artifacts, 102 photos & 1 book (400216).

Marcia K. Benouameur. 8 fossil mol- lusks (413888).

Dubi Benyamini. 6 ants (414035).

Joe Bernstein. 13 fossil vertebrates (409465).

Vito Bertocci. 8 fossils & 3 casts (413899).

Dr. Wes Bicha. 73 insects (409058, 414058).

Dr. George H. Bick. 4 insects (414881).

Dudley Blauwet. 1 mineral (404729).

David J. Bohaska. 50 fish fossils (408266).

Dr. Richard Boscoe. 4 insects (409043).

Dr. L. Botosaneanu. 82 insects (410768).

Jim Bourdon. 3 fossils (412215, 413950).

Dr. David E. Bowles. 1 insect (411799).

Marcelo Silva Briano. 18 crustaceans (407789).

James G. Bulich. 1 cicada (414041).

Drs. Tom & Beatrice L. Burch. 61+ mol- lusks (410450).

Dr. George Byers. 4 insects (414028).

J. Gregory Cahill. 2 rocks (411481).

Stephen & Janet Cares. 3 minerals (413700).

Kevin R. Chamberlain. 2 rocks (411454).

Dr. Richard Chandler. 1 fossil whale tooth (411193).

Dr. Jose Clarijo. 7 insects (414038, 414039).

258

Carl C. Clayton. 1 lot of synthetic miner- als (409180).

Dr. Mark Cloos. 8 rocks (411464).

H. R. Colbert, Sr.. 1 bird (411602).

Aulano Contreras-Ramos. 552 insects (409600).

Dr. Charles V. Covell, Jr.: 185 insects (411822, 412727).

James W. Cowan. 8 minerals (411249).

Elizabeth M. Cridlin. 4 fossils (410160, 410222, 411213).

Brad C. Cross. 2 minerals (413720).

Dr. Earle A. Cross. 5 mites (409046).

Stephen J. Culver. 24 fossils (412206, 410246).

Tom Cushman. I mineral (411307).

Dr. D. L. Deonier. 579 flies (414027, 414868).

Mrs. K. Sobita Devi. 1 carnelian neck- lace (400218).

Harold & Doris Dibble. 1 mineral (404716).

Dr. Henri Dillen. 1 mineral (409148).

Dr. Daryl! P. Domning. approx. 30 fossil vertebrates (410201).

Dr. Stephen K. Donovan. 2 fossils (410168, 413869).

William F. Douglas, Jr.. 2 fossil bones (409487).

Trevor Dumitru: See also Dr. Juhn G. Liou (411494).

Richard Dunn. 1 plant (414263).

Dr. Lance A. Durden. 4 insects (412420, 412421, 412422).

Fred S. Ellers. 1 gold specimen (409158).

Michael Ellwood. 3 fossils (407493, 411148).

Dr. N. J. Elton. 1 mineral (409147).

Al Falster. 1 mineral (413716).

Benny Fenn. 45 minerls (409200).

Dr. Glenn Fisher. 101 insects (411809).

Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr.. 191 insects (414056).

Dr. Michael A. Floyd. 15 caddisflies (414044).

Dr. C. Edgar Folk, Jr.. 125 artifacts (400225).

George C. Fonger. 307 fossil vertebrates (410198, 411127, 411195, 411215, 412217, 412145, 412167, 412183, 413909, 413940).

John M. Foster. 1 crab (407811).

Dr. Carl Francis. 1 rock (411437).

Dr. J. H. Frank. 2 insects (411801).

Dr. Richard Franz. 10 insects (410751).

Dr. Jack Frazier: 1 barnacle (337938).

Dr. Claudio Froehlich. 18 insects (410764).

Dylan Fuller. 1 plant (408652).

Dr. Stuart M. Fullerton: 18 insects (410763).

Dr. Richard V. Gaines. 1 opal (409124).

Marilyn Galvin. 8 artifacts (400224).

Mr. and Mrs. Lucien P. Garo. 2 artifacts (400227).

J. L. Garrison. 7 meteorites (411394).

Dr. Rosser W. Garrison. 12 insects (411803).

Dr. Jon K. Gelhaus. 244 insects (410769).

Dr. Julio Antonio Genaro. 20 insects (409601).

Dr. Mario Gentili. 28 insects (414865).

Ernest H. Gilmour. 12 fossils (411199).

James B. Glover. 82 caddisflies (414034).

Dr. A. A. Godovikov. 2 minerals (409150).

Dr. Richard Gordon. 34 flies (411821).

Pat Gotsis. 1 fossil skull (413911).

Dr. Carlo Maria Gramaccioli. 1 mineral (411260).

Dr. John C. Green. 5 rocks (411455).

Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd F. Gunther. 41+ fos- sils (411158).

Val Gunther. 1 fossil slab with ca. 28 specimens (411157).

Dr. Dale Habeck. 1 insect (409042).

Jeff Hall. 12 plants (411935).

Dr. Tsu-Ming Han. 2 fossils (412171).

Martin I. Harman. 1 mineral (406358).

Christopher Harmatuk. 1 fossil seal ver- tebra (409451).

Peter J. Harmatuk: ca. 350 fossil verte- brates (409452, 411150).

Dr. Steven C. Harris: 116 insects (409603, 411800, 414871).

Peter Hattenschwiler. 127 bagworm moths (412746).

Erik Hauri. 2 rocks (411485).

Dr. John Haynes. 3 rocks (411480).

R. W. Heard. 25+ freshwater snails (410465).

Mark Helper. 1 blueschist rock (411466).

Amy Hochberg. 53+ freshwater snails (410473, 413062).

Dr. E. Richard Hoebeke. 17 insects (412731).

Dr. Michael D. Hogan. 5 fossil verte- brates (410199, 411164).

Doris S. Holt. approx. 50 fossil shark teeth (411186).

Janet A. Hooker. 4 pieces of diamond jewelry (411277).

Dr. Robert J. Horodyski (deceased). . 1 fossil (411201).

Dr. J. Michael Howard. 12 minerals (406292).

Steve Howard. 1 mineral (409166).

Dr. David A. Hubbard, Jr.. 90+ fresh- water snails (408080, 408136, 410447, 410463, 410466, 411166, 413064, 413076, 413089, 413142).

Jane Hubbard: 15 fossils (411166).

Paul H. Humann. 3 echinoderms (412877). , 1 fish (413555).

William Huntc. 1 mineral (406350).

W.R. B. Hynd. 213 insects (414059).

Mr. & Mrs. Frank Hyne. 1,036 fossil ver- tebrates (408301, 412178, 413870).

Dr. Teruo Ishida. 340 crustaceans (401115, 405264).

Dr. Glen Izett. 1 bedded ashfall (411498).

Dr. James B. Johnson. 6 insects (409584).

Linda Johnson. 7 fossils (411207).

Ralph Johnson. 366 fossils (411214, 413929).

Mark Joiner. 1 fossil walrus tusk (413956).

Theodore R. Kahn. 26 amphibians & reptiles (398061).

Dr. Chester Karwoski. 3 minerals (404714).

Gregory Katz. 1 rock (411473).

Dr. Yosuke Kawachi. 1 mineral (413686).

Ron Keil. 21 fossil vertebrates (412222, 413893).

Tim King. 37 insects (409052).

Dr. Donald N. Kinn. 3 mites (409045).

Dr. Guennadi N. Kisselev. 17-fossils (412190).

Trish Kohler. 1 fossil (402070).

Dr. Boris Kondratieff. 123 insects (409582, 411807, 411817).

Dr. B. C. Kondratiev. 24 moths (414032).

Dr. Richard C. Konopacky. 30+ mol- lusks (410456).

Hugo H. Kool. 50+ marine mollusks (413107).

Dr. Chris Langdon. 50+ crustaceans (405258).

William Larson. 5 minerals (413690).

Dr J. Lewis. 25+ freshwater snails (408121, 413136).

Dr. Robert Lewis. 9 insects (409571).

Dr. Juhn G. Liou. 1 rock (411494).

Dr. Bruce Lockard. 1 spider (414046).

Alan Logan. 27 fossils (410253).

Dr. Roger D. Longley. 50+ freshwater snails (408097).

Peter Lyckberg. 1 topaz (411305).

Sue Ellen Lyons. 18 fossil shark & ray teeth (409484).

Dr. John F. MacDonald. 2 insects (409056).

Dr. Allison Macfarlane. 2 rocks (411478).

Robert & Elizabeth Mallott. 8 artifacts (409929).

Arnaldo Mangeaud. 9 insects (410736).

Dr. Bryant Mather. 749 insects (409048, 409606, 412728, 414878).

Deborah Mathews. Io! insects (411816).

Dr. W. P. McCafferty. 2 insects (409594).

Dr. Miriam E. McColloch: See also Dr. Ernest H. Gilmour (411199).

Marion McDowell. 2 fishes (412284).

Frank K. McKinney. 1 fossil (413865).

Ralph E. McLintock. 10+ samples of quartz (406388).

Dr. J.E. McPherson. 2 insects (412734).

John Medici. 1 mineral (409145).

Mark Meisenhalder. 31 minerals (411261).

Ray Meisenhalder: 16+ minerals (404703).

Silvina Menu-Marque. 209 crustaceans (405203).

Eric H. Metzler. 408 insects (411798).

Dr. David L. Meyer. 90 fossils (412189).

Ruth Mickelson. 1 cicada (414882).

Dr. W. W. Middlekauff. 7 insects (409597).

Dr. Scott Miller. 589 insects (412724).

Glenn Minnick. 1 jadite ring (409119).

Margot Monson. 2 insects (409061).

Dr. Tomas Moore. 2 insects (410762).

Dr. Steven Moulton. 2,515 caddisflies (414874, 414875).

Wolfgang Mueller. 2 minerals (413678).

Dr. James D. Myers. 1 rock (411479). Robert.F. Myers. 1 fish (413466). Kusum S. Naorunne. 1 mineral (411304). Randall Nix: 3 minerals (409151).

Dr. P. Nornberg. 1 mineral (409177). Peter T. Oboyski. 2 insects (409599).

Ray Ogilvie & Son. a fossil dinosaur claw (406866).

Dr. Vladimir Ortsharenko. 103 spiders (410757).

Dr. John Oswald. 17 insects (411814).

Peter B. Pearman. 1,134 insects (409040).

Dr. David L. Pearson. 2 beetles (412738).

Patricia Pendery-Bernard. 5 minerals (411247).

Dr. William Peters. 78 mayflies (414043).

Sid Pieters. 10+ minerals (413710).

Dr. Ingeborg- Zenner Polania. 27 in- sects (412747).

Woody Pollard: See also Dr. Thomas Rockwell (411471).

Dr. Leonid Popov. 347 fossils (411138).

Dr. Jeffrey Post. 1 rock (411482).

Arnold L. Powell. 1 fossil shark vertebra (408344).

George W. Powell, Jr.. 4 fossils (408309, 411172, 412203, 412204).

Dr. Roger Price. 70 insects (410739, 414862).

Eric Prokopi. 2 fossil vertebrate bones (413944).

Jay Quade. 2 freshwater snails (413063).

Rob Raguso. 18 insects (408015).

Robert W. Read. 1 plant (405443).

Edward B. Reed. 597 crustaceans (410356, 410380).

John Remer, Jr.. 1 mineral (404717).

Carla Restrepo. 4 plants (410557).

Dr. J. Keith Rigby. 84 fossil sponges (412148, 413895).

Dr. Tyson R. Roberts. 5 fishes (412262).

Dr. George Robinson. 3 minerals (409167).

Dr. Peter Robinson. 29 rocks (411470).

Dr. Thomas Rockwell. 1 rock (411471).

Dr. Sergio A. Roig. 2 ground beetles (411820).

Dr. William I. Rose. 1 rock (411435).

Dr. John L. Rosenfeld. 1 rock (411493).

Vince Roth. 1 spider (409050).

Mark J. Rothschild. 138 insects (409059).

Dr. David E. Ruiter. 8 caddisflies (412722).

Aniko Sabo. 200+ worms (412614).

Dr. Curtis W. Sabrosky. 1,011 insects (409047, 411812, 414025).

Mr. and Mrs. Parker Savage. 7 minerals (411253).

259

Dr. Donald E. Schnell. 1 plant (410818).

Dr. G. G. E. Scudder. 37 insects (412737).

Christopher Shaw. 2 rocks (411438).

Dr. Scott Shaw. 3 insects (414866).

Dr. Rowland Shelley. 132 insects and other arthropods (409576, 412723, 412732, 414867).

Professor Haraldur Sigurdsson. 1 rock & 6 meteorites (411403).

Gordon Simonson. 4 fossils (399123).

Robin M. Smith. 2 insects (412730).

Samuel B. Snyder. 1 insect (411815).

Dr. James E. Sorauf. 7 fossils (412127).

Dr. Felix Sperling. 681 insects (412741).

Dr. Lionel Stange. 2 net-veined insects (414026).

Mrs. H. Goodwin Stevenson. 4,718 in- sects (412742).

Dr. Jeffrey Stevenson. 1 mineral (406315).

Dr. Bruce L. Stinchcomb. 70 fossil mol- lusks (412221).

Dr. Carl W. Stock. 4 fossils (411182).

Robert D. Storch. 1 quartz (409129).

Dr. Ben Srour, III. 10 caddisflies (414879).

Dr. S. L. Straneo. 130 ground beetles (411819).

Mr. & Mrs. Dale Stream. 2 fossils (410158, 410208).

Patricia Stream. 1 partial fossil mammal bone (413957).

Professor Franco Strumia. 92 insects (411790).

Dr. Keith Sturgeon. 4 fossils (410165).

Dr. J. Bolling Sullivan: 311 insects (414055, 414876).

Dr. Rebecca F. Surdick. 2 insects (409580).

Dr. Robert F. Surdick. 6 stoneflies (414861).

Mrs. Juanda Taylor. 4 fossil vertebrates (411133).

Richard Tellekamp. 49 fossil inverte- brates (411194).

Dale Theiling. 6 fossil blowfish bones (408313).

Mary S. Thieme. 1 Nigerian textile (400226).

David Thomas. I mineral (411248).

Dr. F. C. Thompson. 2 bird skins (408912).

Dr. Ichiji Togashi. 1 insect (409586).

Herve de Toulgoet. 2 insects (411810).

260

Dr. Annette B. Tucker. 11 fossils (412138).

Thomas L. Tucker. 2 quartz specimens (411254).

Dr. George Uetz. 17 spiders (412720).

Michael Valenti. 2 moths (408017).

Papo Vives. 1 plant (412959).

Tim Vogt. 12 insects (409051).

John Wakabayashi: See also Dr. John G.

Liou (411494).

Dr. Kurc Walenta. 1 mineral (406314).

Dr. Paul Wallace. 5 rocks (411474).

Dr. David J. Ward. 1 fossil sharks tooth (410229).

Maxine West. I insect (412735).

Dr. Nathaniel Whitney. 49 bird skins (390033, 402861).

Mrs. Gail Willeke. 17 echinoderms (411002).

Larry Wilner. 5 Native American arti- facts (400223).

Dr. Harry C. Yeatman. 161 crustaceans (405355).

Dr. Frank N. Young. 703 beetles (409593, 412740, 412745).

National Zoological Park

Donors of Financial Support

$500, 000 or more

Friends of the National Zoo

$100, 000 or more

Director's Circle of the National Zoo Mrs. Shirley P. Sichel

$50,000 or more

The Freed Foundation

The Estate of George Sisley Smithsonian Women's Committee The Pew Charitable Trusts

World Wildlife Fund

$30, 000 or more

Arcana Foundation The Estate of Florence B. Dowdy

Philip Reed Foundation

$20, 000 or more

Ms. Caroline D. Gabel

$10, 000 or more

Dorothy Jordan Chadwick Fund Communications Satellite Corporation Japan Marmoset Institute

Ralston Purina Company

$5, 000 or more

American Association for the Advance- ment of Science

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

Mrs. Joan D. Haig

Mrs. Martha A. Healy

Mrs. Adrienne Mars

Mr. William P. McClure

$ 2, 500 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Bartlett, Jr.

Mrs. Esther S. Bondareff

The Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation

Ms. Marna Disbrow

John and Lucia Heard

Mr. and Mrs. Ladislaus von Hoffmann

Ms. JunAnn Holmes

Dr. and Mrs. Clinton W. Kelly, HI

Mars Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. John C. Meeker

National Geographic Society

Mr. Khan Usun Nimmanheminda

The Esther Simon Charitable Trust

Dr. Joseph R. Spies

Tom and Michelle Wiseman

$1,000 or more

Dr. William L. Amoroso

Legent Corporation

Raymond E. Mason Foundation J.R. Short Milling Company Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey R. Short, Jr. Mr. Stephen Winthrop

$250 or more

Ms. Loretta Ames

Dr. Mitchell Bush

Mr. and Mrs. George A. Didden, III

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Eisenstein

French American Foundation

Mr. Robert B. Johnson

The Johns Hopkins University

Mr. Alan Kaplan

Oxford University Press Inc.

Betty and Lloyd Schermer Foundation

Woodlin Elementary School

Donors of In-Kind Support

Mrs. Ruth S. Holmberg, wooden, painted cow sculpture for Think Tank

IBM Corporation, computer Hardware for Think Tank

Michael Nichols Photography, photos (and rights to reproduce) from his collection for Think Tank

Snap-on Incorporated, five large tool storage boxes with maple tops for Think Tank

Vector Research, Inc., crash test dummy (withour electronics) for Think Tank

Office of International Relations Donors of Financial Support

$50,000 or more

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

Office of Smithsonian

Institution Archives

Donors of Financial Support

$1,000 or more

Nathan Reingold to the Joseph Henry Papers Project

Donors to the Collection

American Ornithologists’ Union. Re- cords of the Union.

Calvert Marine Museum. Leonard P. Schultz Film.

Josephine Edwards. Papers of Timothy William Stanton.

Terry L. Erwin. Papers of Terry L. Erwin.

David Ferrand. Papers of Robert Ridgway.

History of Science Society. Records of the Society.

Robert S. Hoffmann. Papers of Robert S. Hoffmann.

International Palaeontological Associa- tion. Records of the Association.

International Society of Cryptozoology. Records of the Society.

International Union of Directors of Zoo- logical Gardens. Records of the Union.

Richard W. Leche, Jr. Papers of Herbert Girton Deignan.

Mrs. Robert H. McCauley, Jr. Papers of Robert H. McCauley, Jr.

Nancy Clark Menke. Papers of John Frederick Gates Clark.

Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Nevada. Papers of Harrison Gray Dyar.

Robert V. Peterson. Papers of Robert V. Peterson.

S. Dillon Ripley. Papers of S. Dillon Ripley.

Stephen J. Rogers. Henry J. Rogers Manuscript on the History of the Telegraph.

Curtis W. Sabrosky. Papers of Curtis W. Sabrosky.

Robert W. Smith. Papers of Robert W. Smith.

Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections. Records of the Society.

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Re- cords of the Society.

Janet W. Solinger. Papers of Janet W. Solinger.

Paul J. Spangler. Papers of Paul J. Spangler.

Holman J. Swinney. Papers of Holman J. Swinney.

Henk Wolda. Papers of Henk Wolda.

Ellis L. Yochelson. Papers of Ellis L. Yochelson.

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

Donors of Financial Support

$50,000 or more

Philip D. Reed Foundation

$10, 000 or more

James C. Penney Foundation

$1,000 or more

Frank N. Magid Associates

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Donors of Financial Support

$5,000 or more

The Dibner Fund Gerty Grant Program Atherton Seidel! Endowment

Smithsonian Women's Committee

ind

$1, 000 or more

Charles Blitzer

Florence Fearrington

John Jell and Dorothy Hill George Pillsbury

Marvin Sadik

Mr. and Mrs. George Stubbs Time-Life Books

$500 or more

Mary L. Elder Nancy E. Gwinn TAP Publishing Company

$250 or more

Frederick Bayer

J. G. Browne

Irene and Marvin Schneiderman Barbara J. Smith

Jean Chandler Smith

$100 or more

Anonymous (2) John Anderson Antiques on the Hill Robert Blackwell

Staff of Bowling Green State University

Mary Lou Cowden Ross M. Cowden

Mary Kay Davies

R. J. Durling

Giraud V. Foster Pamela M. Henson Alice L. Kniskern Gwendolen R. Leighty Bruce McFadden

Ellen Nemhauser William Oliver Lawrence Rickard Lucien H. Rossignol Jo Schneiderman Alvin Schorr

Albert H. Small

Mary Augusta Thomas

Donors to the Collection

Individual Donors

Dr. Joseph Adande Dr. Kraig Adler

262

Mr. Jorma Ahvenainen Ms. Josephine Anderson Mr. Willie Atencio

Prof. Enrico Baldini

Mrs. Mary W. Ballard Ms. Paola Barbarino

Mr. Bruce Barkley

Dr. Nestor Guillermo Basso Ms. Esther Bierbaum

Mr. David Binkley

Mr. Ralph A. Bufano

Dr. Elizabeth Chilver Mr. Roy S. Clarke, Jr. Dr. Jeremy Coote

Mr. Jean d’Aigneaux

Mr. R.E.G. Davies

Mr. Everett C. Davis

Mr. Michel De Trez

Ms. Patricia Dunston

Dr. Janna M. Ellingson Mr. Carl H. Ernst

Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr. Mr. John T. Foster

Ms. Cornelia Stewart Gill Ms. Martha Goodway Ms. Patricia Graboske Mr. Richard B. Graham Ms. Joan Grant

Mr. Burton S. Greenstein Mr. Andrew G. Gurka Mr. Richard Haigh

Mr. M. G. Harasewych Ms. Jessica B. Harris

Dr. Hans-Joachim Herrmann Mr. Howard W. Herz Lic. Bia Hetzel

Ms. Pat Hewitt

Dr. Robert S. Hoffmann Mr. Edward H. Hutchins Dr. John M. Hyson

Dr. Pascal James Imperato Mr. David L. Jickling Mr. Eugene C. Johnston Mr. Alan R. Kabat

Mr. Martin R. Kalfatovic Dr. S. A. Kasparinskaja Mr. Brian Kensley

Mr. George L. T. Kerr Dr. Fernando Morban Laucer Ms. Valerie B. Lester

Mr. Patrick A. Lewis

Mr. Guy Loudmer

Mr. Sranely J. Luft

Mr. Geoff Luscombe

Mr. Mark L. Madsen

Dr. Francisco Mago-Leccia Sr. Juan A. Manelia

Mr. Juan Manuel Martinez Ms. Liesel N. McCurry Mr. William Miko

Mr. Gerald Minkoff

Prof. Osahito Miyaoka Mr. D. Jose Moreno

Mr. John W. Morrisey

Dr. Walusako A. Mwalilino Mr. Michael J. Neufeld Ms. Rachel Noerdlinger Dr. Toyin Oguntona

Mr. Storrs Olson

Mr. Steig Olson

Mr. Ozioma Onozulike Mr. Robert Organ

Mr. Simon Ortenberg

Mr. Martin Ortenheimer Mr. Chuck Park

Ms. Nancy Winslow Parker Mr. Ohioma Pogoson

Dr. Labelle Prussin

Prof. Norman S. Ramsey Mr. Clayton E. Ray

Ms. Suzanne Ripley

Dr. Allen F. Roberts

Dr. Victoria Rovine

Dr. Mario L. Sanchez

Mr. Blaine A. Schmeer Mr. Bill Schulz

Mr. Robert C. Seamans, Jr. Mr. Donald W. Smith

Dr. Barbara J. Smith

Mr. I. Gregory Sohn

Mr. Michael Spencer

Dr. Victor G. Springer Ms. Eleanor Stoddard

Mr. Roger W. Sudbury Mr. Steve O. Taylor

Sr. Kyran D. Thelen

Mr. Peter U. Theuss

Dr. F. Christian Thompson Mr. Karl C. Tollefsen

Mr. Alex H. Townsend Mr. Theo Van Dam

Ms. Rosamonde Van Miert Ms. Ellen B. Wells

Mr. Ken White

Ms. Emily Wilson

Mr. Les Winick

Mr. Saul E. Zalesch

Corporate and Institutional Donors

Asian Vegetable Research and Develop- ment Center, Taipei, Taiwan

Basler Mission, Basel, Switzerland

Centro Aclantico de Arte Moderno, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

Columbian Harmony Society, Washing- ton, D.C. :

Division of Electricity and Modern Physics, National Museum of Ameri- can History, Washington, D.C.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy

Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Veracruz, Mexico

International Council of Museums, Paris, France

Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin

Maruzen Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

Museum Rietberg Zurich, Zurich, Swit- zerland

National Gallery of Art, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria

National Geographic Society Library, Washington, D.C.

Naval Historical Center, Washington, DG:

Odebrecht S.A., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Onderzoekinstituur CNWS, The Netherlands

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

$1,000, 000 or more

Mr. Glenn O. Tupper

$500,000 or more

Department of Defense Honduras Coral Reef Fund

$100, 000 or more

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation International Cooperative Biodiversity

Group (ICBG) Program

$50, 000 or more

National Science Foundation

The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

US AID

$10, 000 or more

CITIBANK, N.A. Fundacion Natura Government of Canada Mrs. Katherine Medlinger Midland Bank

Refineria Panama, S.A. The Tinker Foundation Transporte y Equipo, S.A.

United Nations Environment Pro-

gramme US Department of State US Forest Service US Department of Agriculture

$5,000 or more

ALICO

Banco General

Concreto, S.A.

Ocean Futures Foundation Petrolera Nacional

Ventas y Proyectos, S.A.

$1,000 or more

Losos, Elizabeth Dr.

Dr. Douglas W. Morrison Ruth Covo Family Foundation University of Miami

$100 or more

Mr. T. Mitchell Aide Ms. Robin M. Andrews Mr. Jonathan Baskin Mr. Nicholas V.L.Brokaw Mr. James M. Connolly Mr. Andrej Dyrcz.

Mr. Stanley Fidanque Dr. Bennett G. Galef Dr. William F. Graney Mr. Rex L. Jensen

Dr. Carlos Perez Moreno Dr. Gordon H. Orians Mr. Robert T. Paine

Dr. Robert Erick Ricklefs Mrs. Anne Marie Smith Mr. Paul J. Weldon

Mr. Water Wilczynski

Prof. Dieter Wittmann

Arts and

Humanities Anacostia Museum

Eugene and Agnes E. Meyer Foundation

Giant Food Foundation

Smithsonian Institution Educational Outreach

Smithsonian Institutions Women Committee

Smithsonian Special Exhibition Fund

Freddie Mac Foundation

Roland Kave

Georgette Seabrooke Powell

Vernith Scott

June Brown

Rev. Amitiyah Elayne Hyman

Wilfred A. Wason

Archives of American Art

Donors of Financial Support

$10, 000 or more

The Honorable and Mrs. Max N. Berry

The Brown Foundation

Ms. Agnes Gund and Mr. Daniel Shapiro

Mr. Gordon Gund

Mr. Mark Keating

Mr. and Mrs. Alan D. Levy

Mr. and Mrs. Meredith J. Long

Mr. and Mrs. Richard A. Manoogian

Mr. and Mrs. John Murchison

Mr. and Mrs. Philip S. Niarchos

Mr. and Mrs. Meyer P. Potamkin

Mr. and Mrs. John R. Robinson

Mr. and Mrs. Keith S. Wellin

$5, 000 or more

The Beinecke Foundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Jack S. Blanton, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Eli Broad

The Samuel Bronfman Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Gerald E. Buck

Mr. and Mrs. Willard G. Clark

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph G. Fogg III Mrs. Daniel Fraad

Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Halff, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J. Horowitz Mr. and Mrs. Werner H. Kramarsky Mr. and Mrs. Frank Martucci

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Roob

Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Shapiro

Mr. and Mrs. A. Alfred Taubman

$1, 000 or more

Mr. Warren Adelson

Mr. and Mrs. Brooke Alexander

Mr. Arthur G. Altschul

Mrs. Amy Cohen Arkin

Mr. Richard Brown Baker

The Barra Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin R. Cadwalader

Mrs. Iris Clark

Mr. and Mrs. Raymond M. Cracchiolo

Ms. Gabriella De Ferrari and Mr. Ray- mond Learsy

Miss Annette M. De Lorenzo

Dr. and Mrs. Francis de Marneffe

The Aaron Diamond Foundation

The Dover Fund, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Eichenberg

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Emett

Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Enders

Geraldine Fabrikant and Robert T. Metz

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Feder

First National Bank of Chicago

First American Title Insurance Co.

The Fluor Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Julian Ganz, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Gordon P. Getty

Ms. Sondra Gilman and Mr. Celso Gon- zalez-Falla

Dr. and Mrs. Frank C. Glover

Mr. and Mrs. James Goodman

Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Graham, Jr.

The Miriam and Peter Haas Fund

Mr. Joseph Helman

Ms. Mary E. Hendrickson

Ms. Marlene Hess and Mr. James Zirin

Ms. Allison A. Hilding

264

Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Isenberg Mrs. David Jacknow

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Janes

Mr. and Mrs. David Jensen

K G Ventures

Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Kainen

Mr. and Mrs. Alex Katz

Mr. and Mrs. William A. Kaynor Mr. Walter Keating

Mr. and Mrs. Dwight M. Kendall Mr. and Mrs. Donald Kennedy Ms. Joan Peterson Klimann Hilva P. Landsman

Mr. and Mrs. Alvin S. Lane

Mrs. Frank Y. Larkin

Mr. Thomas H. Lee

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Lehrman Mr. and Mrs. Sam Lehrman

Mr. Melvin and Mrs. Thelma Z. Lenkin

Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert LeVasseur, Jr. Dr. Barry Lew

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Liman

Mr. and Mrs. William Mathews Mr. and Mrs. Bogdan Matysek Mr. Robert T. Metz

Dr. Martyna Miskinis

Mission Viejo Imports

Mr. and Mrs. John F. Monroe, Jr. Henry and Lucy Moses Fund, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. James Muzzy

Mr. Jack Nash

Mr. and Mrs. Roy Neuberger

Mr. and Mrs. John W. Payson

The Honorable and Mrs. Leon B. Polsky

Mr. Steven Rattner

Mr. and Mrs. Dana M. Raymond Renaissance Cage

Mr. and Mrs. John Richards

Mr. and Mrs. William Roberts

Mr. and Mrs. Rodman C. Rockefeller Mr. and Mrs. Mark K. Rosenfeld

Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Rosowski Mr. and Mrs. Abbott K. Schlain Mrs. Wolfgang Schoenborn

The Schwartz Family Foundation Mrs. Stuart R. Shamberg

Sheppard Mullin Richter & Hampton Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Slavin Sorrento Grill

Mr. Carl Spielvogel and Ms. Barbaralee

Diamonstein Mr. Theodore Stebbins, Jr. Jules and Doris Stein Foundation Mr. Michael Stout Mr. and Mrs. Philip A. Straus

Ms. Kathleen Stuart

Tiffany & Co.

Union Bank of Switzerland

Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Vieth

Dr. and Mrs. Richard J. Wattenmaker Mr. and Mrs. William Weed

Nina Werblow Charitable Trust

$500 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Allessee Dr. Lourdes V. Andaya

Dr. Stephen Andrus

Dr. and Mrs. Donald C. Austin Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bahssin Mr. Louis C. Baker

Mr. Geoffrey C. Beaumont

Mrs. Edwin A. Bergman

Mrs. F. Henry Berlin

Mr. William L. Bernhard and Ms. Cath-

erine Cahill Ms. Judi Betts Mr. and Mrs. Myron Blank Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Blum Mrs. Ruth Bowman Dr. Philip L. Brewer Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Brown Mr. and Mrs. Howard B. Camden Mr. and Mrs. Herman M. Canner Dr. and Mrs. John M. Carroll Ms. Elizabeth M. Chapin Mrs. Robert J. Chapman Christie’s Associates CJV Corporation Mrs. Joan Hardy Clark Ms. Joan Utman Clawson Maurice and Margo Cohen The Honorable and Mrs. Avern Cohn Mrs. Norbert Considine Mrs. Therese Crandall Mrs. John de Menil Michael and Dudley Del Balso Dr. Charles C. Dickinson III Mr. and Mrs. Woodward Dike Mr. and Mrs. Richard P. Doerer Mr. and Mrs. Cameron P. Duncan Mrs. Dorothy Dunitz Mr. and Mrs. Barney A. Ebsworth Mrs. Irma B. Elder Mr. Christian P. Erdman Ms. Martha W. Farmer Ms. Gwen L. Feder Fine Art Dealers Association Ms. Barbara Foshay-Miller Mrs. Helena Fraser

Mr. and Mrs. Yale Ginsburg

Mr. Arnold Glimcher

Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Goodman

Mrs. Robert S. Greenbaum

Mrs. Theodora P. Haen

Mr. John G. Hagan

Mr. and Mrs. David Handleman

Dr. and Mrs. Philip Handleman

Jim Herrington and Carol Camiener

Ms. Patricia House

Mr. David Hoy

Mrs. Philip Iselin

Mrs. Morris I. Jaffe

Ms. Olive M. Jenny

Jewish Communal! Fund of New York

Jordan-Volpe Gallery

Martin and Cis Maisel Kellman

Mr. Tibor Kerekes, Jr.

Dr. and Mrs. Charles Kessler

Mr. Jeffrey Klein

Dr. and Mrs. Myron M. LaBan

Martin J. and Cecile C. Landay

Mr. and Mrs. Joe Lebworth

Ms. Barbara Fish Lee

Mr. Leo Castelli

Ms. Sandy Lepore

Mrs. Norman Levitt

Mr. and Mrs. John L. Libby

Dr. and Mrs. Kim K. Lie

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Linton

Lowitz Foundation

Mrs. Louisa B. MacLaren

Mr. and Mrs. Tom F. Marsh

Mrs. Barbara M. Marshall

Mrs. Edgar M. Masinter

Mr. Jay D. McEvoy

Mr. and Mrs. John F. McGuigan, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Gregor Medinger

Robert and Jane Meyerhoff

Mrs. John E. Miller

Edward Mittelman Memorial Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Alexander M. Nick

Mrs. Roy Nutt

Ms. Benita O'Meara

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Oroshnik

Pacific Union

Mr. and Mrs. John Parkinson

Ms. Mamie S. Pillsbury

Mr. and Mrs. Bernard E. Pincus

Mrs. Herbert Polacheck

Ms. Joan E. Primm

Mr. John Provine

Ms. Joan B. Rehnborg

Mrs. E. P. Richardson

Mrs. James J. Rorimer

Rutan & Tucker

Mrs. Walter Scheuer

Mr. and Mrs. Douglas A. Schubot Ms. Rhonda Segal

Mr. and Mrs. Edward Sellers

Mr. and Mrs. Peter L. Sheldon Dr. and Mrs. Robert R. Silver Mrs. Ruth Snider

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Strome Mrs. Elizabeth Strong-Cuevas Mr. and Mrs. Emanuel Sulkes Mrs. Patricia C. Tartaglia

Mrs. Rebekah A. Taube

Ms. Jane Timken

Mrs. Josephine R. Turner Kathryn Gibson Vickers

Mr. Duane A. Wakeham

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore I. Wallace, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Wasserman Dr. and Mrs. Richard J. Wattenmaker Ms. Angela K. Westwater

Reba White Williams

Mrs. Wallace S. Wilson

Mr. and Mrs. James H. Wineman Mrs. Warren R. Woodward

Dr. and Mrs. Clyde Wu

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Wyeth

$250 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Ansel Aberly

Mr. and Mrs. Hale R. Allen

Martin and Irene Bader

Mr. W. N. Banks

Dr. and Mrs. James Bannon

Mr. Edward Larrabee Barnes

Mr. Randall C. Bassett

Mr. and Mrs. Bogdan Baynert

Mr. and Mrs. Gifford R. Beal

Mr. and Mrs. William G. Beaumont

Mr. and Mrs. Donald A. Benyas

Dr. Annette Blaugrund

Mr. and Mrs. Paul Borman

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Brosch

Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Burroughs

Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. Burstein

Dr. Irving F. Burton

John W. Butler, Jr. and John M. VanderLinden

Mrs. Martin L. Butzel

Ms. Natalie Canvasser

Mr. and Mrs. David M. Chamberlain

Citimark, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ive Cobb

Mr. Harry Coburn

Mrs. Ellen R. Cooper

Mrs. Lammot DuPont Copeland Ms. Priscilla Cunningham

Dr. and Mrs. Arnold C. Curry Mr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Davidson Mr. Bruce A. Davis

Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Day

Mr. and Mrs. Brian Dillon

. William A. Dreher

Zee

. Virginia Dwan

Mrs. Beatrice Elkin

Mr. and Mrs. Alex J. Erkin

Mr. and Mrs. Marvin A. Evenchik Mrs. Hortense F. Feldblum

Mr. and. Mrs. Frank W. Ford, Jr. Walter and Josephine Ford Fund Ms. Jeanette Forrest

Mrs. Irma L. Fraad

Dr. and Mrs. Jacob B. Freedman Mr. and Mrs. Walter J. Fried

Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Friedlander Miss Elizabeth H. Fuller

Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Germack, Jr. Mrs. Henry Goldberg

Ms. Judith Goldman

Ms. Barbara Goldsmith

Mrs. Ralph Graves

Mr. Philip J. Hahn

Mrs. Miriam L. Hamburger Harcourt General, Inc.

Dr. and Mrs. Reginald F. Harnett Mrs. Iola S. Haverstick

Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Heaton

Mr. Charles Hess

Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin D. Holloway Mr. and Mrs. Gedale Horowitz Mr. and Mrs. John K. Howat

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Jacobson Mr. and Mrs. Leonard C. Jaques Mr. Harry Kahn

Mrs. Martha Katz

Mr. John W. Kegler

Ms. Marcia Gygh King

Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Kogod Kraushaar Galleries

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Kughn

Dr. and Mrs. Richard W. Kulis Lachaise Foundation

Dr. and Mrs. Gregory K. Lane Mrs. Eugene M. Lang

Mr. and Mrs. David Leader

Mrs. Harry Lenart

Mrs. Robert H. Levi

. and Mrs. Lawrence F. DuMouchelle

Mr. and Mrs. Robert K. Lifton

Mr. and Mrs. David Long

Mr. and Mrs. Mark O. Lynton

Mrs. William B. Macomber

Mrs. William A. Marsteller

Mrs. Susan McClatchy

Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy

Mary McFadden

Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Millhouse

Mrs. Edward P. Moore

Mr. and Mrs. Lester S. Morse, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. E. Clarence Mularoni

Mrs. John U. Nef

Mr. and Mrs. Milford Nemer

Mrs. Annalee G. Newman

Dr. and Mrs. Kevin T. O’Donnell

Mr. and Mrs. Calvin W. Odom

Mrs. Harris K. Oppenheimer

Mrs. Janice C. Oresman

Mrs. Henry Pearlman

Dr. and Mrs. Terry Podolsky

Mr. and Ms. David Pollack

Mr. and Mrs. Martin J. Rabinowitz

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Richter

Mr. Roger S. Robinson

Mr. Norman H. and Mrs. Dulcie Rosenfeld

Mrs. Audrey Rosenman

Ms. Joan Sankovich

Mr. Michael Schoenith

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas L. Schoenith

Mr. and Mrs. Everett C. Schultz

Mrs. Lillian Schwartz

Mr. and Mrs. Jack Seedman

Mr. and Mrs. Frederic A. Scharf

Dr. Robert F. Sly

Mrs. Betty S. Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Howard Smits

Mr. James W. Snyder

Mrs. Markely Spivak

Mr. David H. Steinmetz

George Stern Fine Arts

Mr. and Mrs. George Strumbos

Mr. Bernard E. Sullivan

Ms. Ann E. Summers

Mr. James Thacher

Mrs. Helen S. Tucker

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Tucker

Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence Usher

Mr. Robert C. Vose III

Mr. John F. Walker, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. William C. Wallstein

Mrs. Joan Washburn

Mr. and Mrs. Cameron Waterman

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wechsler

266

Wildenstein & Co., Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Erving Wolf Mr. Kenneth Wolfson

Mr. Richard T. York

Freer Gallery of Art and

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

Donors of Financial Support—Freer Gallery of Art

$100, 000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert H. Kinney

$50,000 or more

E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foun-

dation Smithsonian's Scholarly Studies Program

$10,000 or more

Mary Livingston Griggs and Mary Griggs Burke Foundation

Duron, Inc.

The New York Community Trust

Smithsonian's Special Exhibition Pro- gram (formerly SEF)

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

$5, 000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Melvin G. Alper Dr. and Mrs. Alexander Chase Madame Tomo Kikuchi

Mr. and Mrs. Peter L. Kreeger Mr. and Mrs. James J. Lally

Ellen Bayard Weedon Foundation

$1, 000 or more

Mary Livingston Griggs and Mary Griggs Burke Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Brice M. Clagett

Mr. and Mrs. Willard G. Clark

Mr. and Mrs. Walter Freedman

Carl M. Freeman Foundation

The Hon. and Mrs. Richard Helms

Dr. and Mrs. David Ingall

Embassy of Japan

Mr. and Mrs. Alex C. Levin

Metropolitan Center for Far Eastern Art Studies

Ms. Evelyn S. Nef

Mr. and Mrs. David Osnos

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Schwartz

Mr. and Mrs. John C. Walton

$500 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Donald Brown

Dr. and Mrs. Richard H. Conant

Mr. Gary L. Krauthamer

Ms. Karol Kirberger Rodriguez

Dr. Ronald M. Costell and Ms. Martha E. Swiss

Donors of Financial Support—Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

$100, 000 or more

Smithsonian's Special Exhibition Pro- gram (formerly SEF)

$10, 000 or more

The AMS Foundation for the Arts, Sci- ences & Humanities

Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd E. Costen

The Arthur M. Sackler Foundation

Smithsonian's Educational Outreach Fund

James Smithson Society

$1,000 or more

Embassy of Japan Dr. and Mrs. David L. Raphling

Sumitomo Corporation of America

$500 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Benkaim Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth X. Robbins Mrs. Else Sackler

Donors to the Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

$10, 000 or more

American Business Conference, Inc. Xerox Corporation

$1,000 or more

Boeing Company

Christie, Manson & Woods Interna- tional, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Rosenberg

Taipei Economic and Cultural Represen- tative Office in the USA

$500 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Nathan J. Stark

Donors of Financial Support—Friends of Asian Art (Freer and Sackler)

$10, 000 or more (Corporate and Foundation Sponsors)

The Arthur M. Sackler Foundation

$5,000 or more (Founders’ Circle)

Harriett Ames Charitable Trust The Hon. Max N. Berry

Mrs. Jackson Burke

Mr. and Mrs. Roger E. Covey Mr. and Mrs. James J. Lally Mrs. John A. Pope

$2, 500 or more (Director's Circle)

Mr. and Mrs. William Beierwaltes Mr. and Mrs. Brice M. Clagett Mrs. and Mrs. Willard G. Clark Mrs. Myron S. Falk, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. George J. Fan

Mr. and Mrs. Hart Fessenden Mr. and Mrs. John G. Ford

Sir Joseph E. Horung

Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert H. Kinney Mr. and Mrs. R. Robert Linowes William Douglas McAdams, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. David Osnos

Dr. and Mrs. David L. Raphling

Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth X. Robbins

Ms. Karol Kirberger Rodriguez

Ms. Elizabeth A. Sackler and Mr. Fred Berner

Mrs. Else Sackler

Mr. Robert C. Tang

$1,000 or more (Patrons’ Circle)

Dr. and Mrs. Bruce Alberts

Mrs. James W. Alsdorf

Mr. and Mrs. Steven Ames

Mr. and Mrs. David Austern

Mr. and Mrs. John T. Bennett

Mr. and Mrs. Dries Blitz

Mr. and Mrs. John B. Bunker

Dr. Victoria Chan-Palay

Mrs. Nien Yuan Yao Cheng

Mr. and Mrs. O.B. Collins

Mr. and Mrs. John R. Curtis, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Richard M. Danziger

Mr. R. H. Ellsworth

Mr. and Mrs. Giuseppe Eskenazi

Dr. and Mrs. Robert S. Feinberg

Dr. and Mrs. Horace Z. Feldman

Dr. Kurt A. Gitter and Ms. Alice Yelen

The Hon. and Mrs. Donald P. Gregg

Dr. Gaylen Hallick and Ms. Angelina Chuang

Mr. and Mrs. Erwin Harris

Mr. John B. Henry and Ms. Ann Crittenden

Mrs. Rolf Jacoby

Mr. and Mrs. Philip C. Jessup, Jr.

Ms. Shirley Z. Johnson and Mr. Charles Rumph

Mr. and Mrs. Stanton Jue

Mr. Andrew Kahane

Mr. and Mrs. Ramesh C. Kapoor

Mr. Subhash Kapoor

Dr. and Mrs. Gregory T. Kruglak

Mr. and Mrs. Jatinder Kumar

The Hon. and Mrs. William Leonhart

Mr. and Mrs. James Marinaccio

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Marks

Ms. Johanne Master

Mr. Takeo Mayuyama

Dr. Allen M. Mondzac

Dr. and Mrs. Stanton P. Nolan

Mr. and Mrs. Lucio A. Noto

Ms. Toshihiko Okoshi and Mr. Machiko

Oyama Mr. and Mrs. William H. Peters

Lt. Col. and Mrs. Joseph T. Pisciotta Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Poster

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Pritzker Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Reeves

Dr. Marietta L. Sackler

Mr. Anthony H. M. Schnelling

Mr. and Mrs. Iwao Setsu

Mrs. Richard E. Sherwood

Mrs. John Farr Simmons

Mr. and Mrs. Walter A. Simmons Mr. and Mrs. H. R. Slusser

Ms. Laura Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Sokol

Dr. Mahinder and Mr. Sharad Tak Mrs. H. William Tanaka

Mrs. and Mrs. John C. Walton

Mr. and Mrs. Guy Weill

Ms. Shelby White and Dr. Leon Levy Ms. Doris Wiener

Donors to the Collection —Freer Gallery of Art

David, Evan, Franklin and George Chow. Ritual drum, China, Eastern Han or Six Dynasties period, 3rd—6th century, bronze (F1994.25a—b).

Dr. and Mrs. Robert Feinberg. “Thirty- Six Poets at Leisure,” by Matsumura Goshun (Japanese, 1752-1811), Edo pe- riod, late 18ch—early 19th century, ink and light color on paper (F1995-11).

Mr. and Mrs. Shigeru Fujisawa. Table, China, Ming dynasty, 16th or 17th century, lacquer inlaid with mother- of-pearl (F1995.5).

Ruth and Sherman Lee. Allegorical fig- ure, attributed to Nar Singh (Indian, active 1589-1604), Mughal period, ca. 1600, ink and color on paper (F1995.13).

Elizabeth Meyer Lorentz. Inkstone in firted, carved, wooden box with lid, China, Qing dynasty, Republic Pe- riod, late 19th—early 20th century, fine-grained rock, wood (F1995.4a—).

Nieces and nephews of Janet Gaylord Moore. Album on landscape paint- ings by Chikkei Nakabuyashi (Japan- ese, 1816-1867), Edo period, 19th century, ink and color on paper with brocade binding F1995.12a-).

Alan, Donald and David Winslow. Three prints by Hiroshige Ando (Jap-

267

anese, 1797-1858), Edo period, 1857, ink and color on paper (F1994.28—.30).

Donors to the Collection— Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

Anonymous. Pair of manuscript covers, Nepal, 17th century, polychrome- painted wood (S1995.91a—b).

Anonymous. Set of ten sake cups in original, inscribed box, Japan, ca. 1953-54, earthenware, porcelain, and wood (S1995.95.1—.11a—b).

Eileen Aderton. Vase, by Kawai Kanjiro (Japanese, 1890-1966), stoneware, ca. late 1930's —early 1940's (S1994.17).

Pisarn Boonpoog. Waterjar with stand and lid, by Thongrochana Boonpoog, Kokhred, Pakkred, Nonthaburi Prov- ince, Thailand, ca. 1882, earthenware (S1994.16a—c).

Lois Connor. Collection of photographs of Asian landscapes, by Lois Connor (American b. 1951), late 2oth century, platinum prints (S1995.16—.88).

Gregory Kruglak. Group of 39 wood- block prints by various Japanese art- ists, 19th century, ink and color on paper (S1994.21-58.)

Joan and Frank Mount. Cermaic vessels, Iran, 1350-500 B.C., ceramic (S1994.11-I5).

Lily Overton. Hanging flower basket and liner, bamboo, by Tanabe Chikuunsai IJ (Japanese, b. 1910), ca. 1965 (S1995.90a—b).

Elizabeth Sackler. Vessel (jue), 12th—11th century B.C., China, bronze (S1994.61).

William Saunders. Group of three Jap- anese prints, various artists, mid to late 20th century, woodblock print, ink and color on paper (S1994.18- 20).

Hiroshi Sugimoto and the Sonnabend Gallery. Photograph, “Sea of Japan/Oki,” by Hiroshi Sugimoto (Japanese, b.1948), gelatin silver print on paper, 1987 ($1995.93).

Duncan M. Whittome Revocable Trust. Collection of archaic bronze objects, Iran (Luristan), 1200-600 B.C. (S1995.98—113).

268

Donors of In-Kind Support

Jenny So Tokyo National Resource Institute of Cultural Properties

Center for Museum Studies

Donors of Financial Support

Donors of $100,000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Welters Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, Smithsonian Institution

Donors of Financial Support

$500, 000 or more

Ms. Agnes Cowles Bourne The Estate of Ellinor Merrell

$100, 000 or more

The J.M. Kaplan Fund The Marks Family Foundation The Enid and Lester Morse Foundation

$50,000 or more

Mrs. Joan Bull Hayden Family Foundation

$10,000 or more

Mrs. Kathleen Allaire

The American Express Company

Lillian and Huber Boscowitz Charitable Trust

Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Inc.

Choate Rosemary Hall Foundation, Inc.

Colbert Foundation

Krueger Family Foundation, Inc.

New York State Council on the Arts

The New York Times Company Founda- tion, Inc.

The John M. Olin Foundation, Inc.

Paine Webber Group Inc.

The Pinkerton Foundation

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Worldesign Foundation

$5,000 or more

The Baird Family Fund at New York Community Trust

Chiat/Day, Inc.

Liz Claiborne Foundation, Inc.

Goldman Sachs & Co.

Mr. & Mrs. George Gillespie, II

Mr. Clifford H. Goldsmith

Mr. Richard M. Hayden

The Drue Heinz Trust

The Joe and Emily Lowe Foundation

McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Newsweek, Inc. .

Charles E. Sampson Memorial Trust

Frances D. Smyth

Steelcase, Inc.

The Roy & Niuta Titus Foundation

$1,000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph C. Abeles Architectural Digest

Art Center College of Design Mr. Jorge L. Batista

Ms. Ruth Bowman

Mr. Donald J. Bruckmann

C & C Imports

Cenro Corporation

Coury Rugs, Inc.

Nancy Corzine

Cy Mann Designs Ltd. Darius Corporation

Estee Lauder Companies, Inc. Mrs. Joanne D. Foster

Mrs. Louise Grunwald

Mr. Albert Hadley

Ms. Birgit Hall

Ms. Harriet Sims Harvey

Ms. Laura S. James

Mr. Marshall Levinson

Mr. Kenneth B. Miller Arthur Ross Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Herbert D. Schimmel F. Schumacher & Co.

Joseph Seagram & Sons, Inc.

ial

Ms. Deborah Sampson Shinn Ms. Frances D. Smyth Sotheby’s, Inc.

Dr. Frank Stanton

Mr. Kenneth H. Walker

Mr. Gregory J. Wallance Wood & Hogan, Inc.

Donors to the Collection

AIDS Action Committee. Posters, AIDS-related, 1993, U.S.A. (1995-30- 1/6)

Steve Albini. Three record sleeves de- signed by Steve Albini, 1993-1994, U.S.A. (1995—22-1/3)

Alfred and Elizabeth Bendiner Founda- tion. Prints and drawings by Alfred Bendiner, various dates. (1994—135- 1/16)

Arthur G. Altschul. Group of Rozen- burg Pottery vases and plate, c. 1900, The Hague, Netherlands. (1994-117- 1/6)

Anglepoise, Ltd. Two lamps, “Anglepo- ise,” steel enamel, c 1930 and c. 1990, England. (1995-56-1,2)

Anonymous Donor. Group of graphic design material, paper, 1993-1994, posters, announcements. (1995-78-1/7)

Anonymous Donor. Daguerreotype brooch, ca. 1860, U.S.A.; Tintype brooch, c. 1870, U.S.A.; Photograph brooch, c. 1890, U.S.A. (1995-12-1/3)

Anonymous Donor. Poster for Issey Miyake, 1994; Poster, “Design Talk.” (1995-52-1,2)

Anonymous Donor. Collection of jew- elry, c. 1940-1968, Kenya. (1995-37- 1/11)

Anonymous Donor. Group of graphic design material: announcements, posters, brochures, greeting cards. (1995-77-1/48)

Anonymous Donor. Scarf, c. 1960, Paris, France. (1995-85-1)

Anonymous Donor. Group of topical maps, printed paper, various loca- tions, U.S.A. (1995-71-1/13)

Anonymous Donor. Group of posters, various subjects, designers, dates. (1994-114-1/40)

Anonymous Donor. Group of shopping bags, c. 1990, U.S.A. (1994-111-1/6)

Anonymous Donor. Bracelet, gold, ruby, c. 1950, U.S.A.; Earrings, gold, ruby, c. 1960, U.S.A. (1995-5I-1,2)

Anonymous Donor. Group of posters, various subjects, printed paper, C. 1950, U.S.A. (1994-109-1/20)

Art Chantry. Group of graphic design material: postcards, CD covers, post- ers, book covers by Art Chantry. (1995-69-1/94)

Asian AIDS Project. Posters, brochures, AIDS-related, U.S.A. (1995-28-1/10)

The Baltimore Museum of Art. Portfo- lio of historic ornament, watercolor and ink, by Elizabeth A. Nedwill, c. 1900, U.S.A. (1994-90-I-1/51)

Leo J. Blackman. Fabric with photo print of New York scenes, c. 1940, U.S.A. (1995-14-1)

Andrew Blauvelt. Graphic design mate- rials, printed paper, by Andrew Blauvelt, U.S.A.

(1994-89-1/7)

Lee Bolton. Four posters designed by Lee Bolton, 1993-1994, U.S.A. (1995- 21-1/4)

Jonathon Boorstein. Two pins, “Ruby Slippers,” plastic metal, 1994, U.S.A. (1995-9-1,2)

June Braun and Robert Leibowits. Poster, glass dish, printed paper bag and box. All c.1920, designed in The Netherlands. (1994-63-1/6)

Brother's Network. Poster, AIDS-re- lated, 1985, U.S.A. (1995-27-1)

Melissa Burch. Poster, “Big Red,” paper, designed by Susan Stoltz, 1991, U.S.A.

Barbara E. Busch. Bracelet, agate, gold, c. 1870, Scotland; Brooch, silver, dia- monds, c. 1810, England or France. (1994-130-1,2)

Chuck Byrne. Group of graphic design material, by Chuck Byrne, U.S.A. (1995-63-1/11)

Jessie B. Carlton and Carrie Carlton Helser. Scarf, lino block for scarf and design drawing for scarf. By Brents Carlton, c. 1924, U.S.A. (1994-75-1/3)

Donald Carr. Prototype, “Video Sign- Post 101,” U.S.A. (1995-58-1)

Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights. Poster, “Want to Know a Dirty Little Secret?,” color litho- graph, 1994, U.S.A. (1995-64-1)

Cicena, Inc. Two telephones, “Home Phone Basic Unit,” designed by Cicena, Inc., U.S.A.

(1995-94-1,2)

Estate of David Harris Cohen. Group of silver cufflinks designed by Georg Jensen Silversmithy, twentieth cen- tury, Denmark. (1994-113-1/55)

Robert Coleman. Two architectural pan- els, cast aluminum, c. 1925, U.S.A. (1995-40-1,2)

E. Richard Covert. Group of tableware, glazed stoneware, by Glidden Pot- tery, c. 1950, U.S.A. (1995-10-1/7)

Julie Curson. Group of matchbooks, printed paper, various locations de- picted. (1995-68-1/13)

Dansk International Designs, Ltd. Cut- lery, “Liisa”, stainless steel, 1993, U.S.A. (1994-99-1/6)

Gail Davidson. Three holiday cards, c. 1990, U.S.A. (1995-16-1/3)

Department of Health, City of New York. Posters, “Decision” series, En- glish and Spanish text, 1992-1993, U.S.A. (1995-32-1/7)

Gilles Derain. Group of design draw- ings for jewelry, pen and ink, tracing paper, c. 1985, France.

(1995-61-5)

Kristina T. Ells. Woven tape for lace- making. Europe. (1995-54-1)

Helen Federico. Booklet for Charm Magazine, printed paper, c. 1950, U.S.A. (1994-76-1)

John Fell. Two bicycle tools, “Milk Lever,” plastic, by Pedro's U.S.A., c. 1990, U.S.A. (1994-95-1,2)

Edward Fella. Graphic design materials designed by Edward Fella, U.S.A. (1995-42-1/65)

Louise Fili. Three book covers designed by Louise Fili, c. 1980, U.S.A. (1995- 25-1/3)

Fitch, Inc. Model of cellular telephone, “Talisman.” (1995-60-1)

Nancy Flinchum. Roll of wallpaper, “Nicty-Gritty,” machine print on paper, 1968, U.S.A. (1994-127-I)

Russell Flinchum. Tie tack, “Telstar,” metal, c. 1958, U.S.A. (1994-133-1)

Florville Design. Holiday card and enve- lope, cut-paper, U.S.A.; “Year Round” perpetual calendar, plastic,

1986, U.S.A. (1995-95-1,2)

269

frogdesign, inc. “EO” personal com- puter; “Angelo” cordless telephone, group of office equipment. (1995-59- 1/7)

frogdesign, inc. Computer monitor and system unit, “NeXt,” ABS plastic, 1986-1988, U.S.A. (1995-36-1,2)

FE. Schumacher & Co. Sidewalls, children’s designs, by F. Schumacher & Co., U.S.A. (1994-100-1/7)

Gallery 91. Group of office equipment, “Repro.” (1995-91-1/5)

Gallery 91. Posters, “Good Manners Campaign,” printed paper, designed by Miyake Masahisa, 1992, Japan. (199 4-112-1/16)

Denis Gallion and Daniel Morris. Group of tableware and housewares: vases, tureen, candlesticks, trays— various dates, materials. (1994-118- 1/26)

Cora Ginsburg. Linen damask, made in Germany. (1994-103-1)

Cora Ginsburg. Printed fabrics, late eighteenth—early nineteenth centu- ries, France.

(1994-80-1/36)

Cora Ginsburg. Dress fabric, woven silk, c. 1710, England or Holland. (1995-43-1)

Barbara Glauber. Postcard, “Lift and Separate,” designed by Barbara Glau- ber, 1993, U.S.A. (1995-24-1)

Janet Laib Gortlieb. Applique and em- broidery cover, c. 1960, Czechoslova- kia. (1994-83-1)

GVO, Inc. Concept model, “I/O Com- municator,” designed by GVO, Inc. U.S.A. (1995-88-1)

Julia Haiblen. Group of six buttons, var- ious dates, materials. (1994-96-1/6)

Phyllis Harrison and Irene Spielman. Poster, printed paper, for Geoffrey Beene, c. 1990, U.S.A. (1994-II0-I)

Ariel Holdsworth. Fabric made in France. (1994-94-1)

Jareth Holub. Vase, porcelain, by the Rozenburg Pottery and Porcelain Fac- tory, 1907, The Netherlands. (1994- 134-1)

Herbert Hoover. Poster, “New,” litho- graph, by Herbert Hoover, 1994, USS.A. (1995-66-1)

Coalition for the Homeless. Two post- ers, printed paperboard, c. 1980-1995,

270

U.S.A.: “Jesus,” “Frigidaire.” (1995- 67-1,2)

ICF. “The Layered Wood Chair,” maple wood, designed by Timothy deFiebre, 1993, U.S.A. (1994-108-1)

Iris Center. Posters, AIDS-related, c. 1990, U.S.A. (1995-33-1/4)

Helen Salich James. Two architectural drawings by Warren A. James, graphite, paper, 1994, U.S.A. (1995- 46-3,4)

Simon Johnston. Graphic design materi- als by Simon Johnston, 1993, U.S.A. (1995-17-1/14)

Raphael Kalkstein. Sample book color sep- arations, design drawings for wallpa- per. 1950-1970, U.S.A. (1994-77-1/I18)

Rich Kilby. Graphic design materials designed by Barefoot Press, c. 1990- 1994, U.S.A. (1995-19-1/6)

Dorothy G. Kolb. Collection of deco- rated papers, c. 1928-1929, U.S.A. (1994-124-1/96)

Carole Krohn. Vacuum cleaner, Model 30, designed by Lurelle Guild, 1937, U.S.A; Pyrex percolator, glass, metal, U.S.A. (1994-128-1,2)

Carole Krohn. Pocket Stapler, “Aceline” stapler, “Wolverine typewriter ribbon case. (1994-126-1/3

Stephanie Brody Lederman. Two calen- dars, paper, designed by Stephanie Lederman, 1989 and 1994, U.S.A.: “Plug,” “Bronx Linoleum Floor.” (1995-75-1,2)

Robert Leibowits. Vase, porcelain, enamel, gilding, c. 1900, Austria; Drawing, “A Masque of Winter & Spring,” 1899, England. (1995-84- 12

Loewe Binatone. Telephone, “AlphaTel F Comfort Telephone,” Germany. (1995-93-1)

Joshua Mack. Portfolio, posters, various subjects, c. 1960-1970, U.S.A. (1995- 38-1/28)

David R. McFadden. Key ring, alumi- num, by Miguel Calvo, 1994, U.S.A. (1995-II-1)

David R. McFadden. Holiday card, paper, designed by Peter Srathis, 1994, U.S.A. (1995-35-I)

David R. McFadden. Padlock, meral, designed by Tapio Wirkkala, 1975, Finland. (1994—98-Ia/c)

Matuschka. Poster, “Time for Preven- tion,” designed by Matuschka, 1994, U.S.A. (1995-23-1)

Elsie Melby. Vase, “BM 86,” glass; Vase, “BM 85,” glass. 1985-1986, Norway. (1995-57-1,2)

Minnesota AIDS Project. Posters, AIDS- related, 1993, U.S.A. (1995-29-1/I0 Mario Mirelez. Graphic design materi- als: posters, letterhead, advertise-

ment. By Mirelez/Ross, Inc. (1994-125-1/7)

Valerie Mitchell. Group of costume de- sign drawings by Erte, paper, France. (1994-131-1/6)

Gillian Moss. Queen Elizabeth IT lug- gage label; German banknotes, vari- ous denominations, 1934. (1994-132-1/6)

Richard Neagle. Group of design draw- ings for packaging by Richard Nea- gle. 1958, U.S.A. (1994-85-1/17)

Meryl Moss Nesbitt. Archive of Saul Nesbitt, 1951-1980, U.S.A. (1994-84-1)

Dirk Nienhuis. Mantel clock, patinated bronze, copper, brass, c. 1920, The Netherlands. (1995-53-1)

The Panwy Foundation, Inc. Collection of precious tableware: perfume bot- tles, snuff box, cups -various coun- tries. (1994-129-1/I5)

Edward Pope. Group of jewelry, c. 1950- 1960, India. (1994-119-1/9)

Herbert T. Pratt. Ashtray, metal, de- signed 1952, U.S.A. (1995-55-1)

Quadmark. Copier, “Passport,” U.S.A. (1995-89-1)

Remington Products Co. Two hair dryers, “Aero Series,” designed by Tucker Viemeister, 1994, China. (1994-86-1,2)

Sarane Ross. Sweetmeat dish, glass, sil- ver gilt, by Jean-Baptiste-Claude Odior, c. 1805, France. (1994-12I-1)

Royal Copenhagen, Inc. Group of office equipment, “Wave”, designed by Steve McGugan. (1995-96-1/7)

Charlotte Salisbury. By Faberge: Brooch and hair pin, gold and garnets; Glass and silver gilt jar; Pad holder, green malachite. Chess set, “The Reds and the Whites,” porcelain, 1922, Soviet Union. (1994-122-1/5)

Charlotte Salisbury. Group of jewelry: gold pendant, brooch, finger ring, various dates, countries. (1995-15-1/7)

Sam Schaefler. Poster, color lithograph, by Coulange Lautrec, 1910, France. (1994-74-1)

Susan Silton. Graphic design materials, printed paper, by Susan Silton, U.S.A. (1994-88-1/9)

Jilly Simons. Group of graphic design material, letterhead designs, by Jilly Simons, U.S.A. (1995-74-1/36)

Simple Machines. Graphic design mate- tials designed by Kristin Thomson, 1993, U.S.A. (1995-20-1/5)

SisterSerpents. Four posters designed by SisterSerpents, U.S.A. (1995-18-1/4)

Nancy Skolos. Two posters, offset litho- graph, U.S.A.: “ALL-IN-1 Informa- tion Systems...”, “Kloss Video Corporation.” (1995-72-1,2)

Margaret Spader. Life Magazine issue, “To the Moon and Back”, 1969, U.S.A. (1994-106-1)

Eddie Squires. Fabric, photo-print, c. 1950, England. (1994-81-1)

Henry S. Spencer. Group of wallpaper rolls, early twentieth century, En- gland. (1995-13-1/7)

Alice Stern. Plate, “MacKinley”, glazed earthenware, France; Glazed stone- ware vase, France; Glazed stoneware match holder, France; Silver tape measure, U.S.A. (1994-105-1/4)

Alice Stern. Jeweled finial, silver, opal, France; Pendant, gold, enamel, France; Tie tack, gold, tooth, France. (1994-120-1/3)

Gilbert Tauber. Sample book, “Oriental Printing and Art Papers,” printed paper, U.S.A. (1994-107-1)

Lucille Tenazas. Graphic design materi- als, printed paper, by Lucille Tenazas, U.S.A. (1994-87-1/9)

Transfer from the Exhibitions Depart- ment. Group of road maps, c. 1990, U.S.A. (1994-79-1/10)

Cynthia Plaut Trope. Roll of wallpaper, printed in metallic pigment, c. 1925- 1935, France. (1994-78-1)

University Research Library, UCLA. Ar- chive of lighting design drawings, 1894-1945, U.S.A. (1995-79-1)

Rick Valicenti. Five posters, color litho- graph, designed by Rick Valicenti, c. 1980-1995, U.S.A. (1995-73-1/5)

Rudy Vanderlans. Group of graphic de-

sign material for music packaging by

Rudy Vanderlans, U.S.A. (1995-65- 1/11)

Visual AIDS. Five posters, AIDS- related themes, 1991-1994, U.S.A. (1995-26-1/5)

Tsirl Waletzky. Laser cut cards by Tsirl Waletzky, 1982, U.S.A. (1994-123-1/6)

Walcraud Bethge Papiere. Group of of- fice equipment, copper. (1995-92-1/4)

Seth Joseph Weine. Printing roller for wallpapers, aluminum, U.S.A. (1994- 82-1)

Whitman-Walker Clinic. Poster, AIDS- related, 1993. (1995-34-1)

WMEF Aktiengesellschaft. Cutlery, “Taika,” designed by Peter Kuster, 1994, Germany.

(1995-41-1/II)

Women and AIDS Resource Network. Two posters, AIDS-related, 1990 and 1993, U.S.A.

(1995-31-1,2)

Mrs. Edward J. Wynkoop. Embroidery sample by Princess Marie of Greece and Denmark. (1994-93-1)

Donors of In-Kind Support

Christie's. Donated free subscriptions to various auction catalogs to the Na- tional Design Museum Library.

Bombay Sapphire Gin. Donated liquor for a special event.

Frangelico Liqueurs. Donated liquor for a special event.

Kirin Beer. Donated liquor for a special event.

Pimm’s Cup. Donated liquor for a spe- cial event.

San Pellegrino Mineral Water. Donated beverages for a special event.

Stolichnaya Cristal Vodka. Donated li- quor for a special event.

Alex Donner Entertainment. Donated music services for a special event.

The Body Shop. Donated products for goody bags.

Hammacher Schlemmer. Donated mer- chandise for special event.

HunterDouglas Window Fashions. Do- nated products for goody bags.

Classic CD Magazine. Donated maga- zines for goody bags.

InStyle Magazine. Donated magazines for goody bags.

Interior Design Magazine. Donated magazines for goody bags.

Museums New York. Donated maga- zines for goody bags.

Whole Earth Magazine. Donated maga- zines for goody bags.

Sotheby's. Donated free subscriptions to various auction catalogs to the Na- tional Design Museum Library.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Donors of Financial Support

$50,000 or more

Jerome L. Greene Foundation, Inc. The Robert and Phyllis Tishman Speyer Family Foundation, Inc.

$25, 000 or more

Robert and Carrie Lehrman

$10, 000 or more

The Sydney and Frances Lewis Foundation

$ I, 000 or more

Anonymous gift

Austrian Cultural Institute

$100 or more

Dodge Color, Inc.

Luso-Americana Foundation of Portugal

Pro-Photo, Inc.

Washington Chapter NSAL Award Fund

Donors of In-Kind Support

Sandy and Jim Fitzpatrick Robert and Carrie Lehrman Peggy and Conrad Cafritz Marvin and Elayne Mordes

Donors to the Collection

Olga Hirshhorn, Maquette No. 1: Study for “Terpsichore.” 1994, pencil on paper, by Richard Fishman (94.23).

Olga Hirshhorn, Ambrose Vollard (Bloch 232, Bollinger 99), n.d., aquatint and etching on paper, by Pablo Picasso (94.24).

Paul W. Hoffmann and Camille Oliver- Hoffmann, Farm No. 3. 1972, syn- thetic polymer and charcoal on fiberboard, by Richard Artschwager (94.30).

Paul W. Hoffmann and Camille Oliver- Hoffmann, Four Color Frame Painting No. 9. 1984, acrylic and graphite on canvas, by Robert Mangold (94.31).

Stéphane Janssen, Theater of the World, 1988, oil on canvas, by Roberto Mar- quez (95.2).

Choong-Sup Lim, Untztled (Fossil. Scape) #4, 1993, painted rubber and steel spring on steel shelf, by Choong-Sup Lim (94.25).

Choong-Sup Lim, Untitled (Fossil. Scape) #5. 1993, painted rubber and elastic band on steel shelf, by Choong-Sup Lim (94.26).

Choong-Sup Lim, Untitled (Fos- sil. Scape) #6. 1993, painted rubber and wire on steel shelf, Choong- Sup Lim (94.27).

The Robert Miller Gallery, Objective Ab- Straction, 1933, oil on linen, by Rodrigo Moynihan (95.3).

The Peter Norton Family Foundation, Black Chalkboard (Triple Eye Mae- stro). 1993, chalk and fixative on slate-painted fiberboard with artist's oak frame, by Gary Sim- mons (94.29).

Searle, Inc., Skokie, Illinois, PAysiczan and Arthritis Patient, 1994, plaster, by George Segal (94.28).

The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. (partial gift), Se/f- Portrait. 1986, synthetic polymer and silkscreen ink on linen, by Andy Warhol (95.1).

National Air and Space Museum

Donors of Financial Support

$1, 000, 000 or more

The Boeing Company $500, 000 or more

$100, 000 or more

Bantam Books, a Division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc.

The Estate of Thomas McLaughlan

$50,000 or more

M&M/Mars

$10, 000 or more

Air Line Pilots Association

American Apparel Manufacturers Asso- ciation, Inc.

American Council of Life Insurance

Andersen Consulting

Baxter Diagnostics, Inc.

Delsey Luggage Incorporated

Dun & Bradstreet Corporation Founda- tion

Fairchild Space & Defense Corporation

Ford Motor Company

Fortis, Inc.

Healthcare Insurance Services, Inc.

Hughes Danbury Optical Systems, Inc.

IEEE Computer Society

Johnson & Higgins

Lockheed Martin Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. John F. Mars

Merrill Lynch & Company

Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority

National Space Club

Oracle Applications Users Group

Price Waterhouse

PROMAX International

Sandoz Pharmaceutical Corp.

Schindler Elevator Corporation

Teradyne, Inc.

Young Presidents’ Organization, Inc.

$ 5,000 or more

Aircraft Electronics Association

$1, 000 or more

American Astronautical Society

Mr. Edward J. Campbell

The James A. Macdonald Foundation Dr. George E. Mueller

National Capitol Section, AIAA

$500 or more

Ms. Kathleen M. Ilyin Mrs. Helen J. McCray

$250 or more

The James A. Michener Art Museum

Donors of In-Kind Support

AG Industries, Inc. Paper airplanes used during the Great Paper Air- plane Contest.

Mr. Fredric J. Bell. Video tapes used in public lecture series.

Colortone Press. Design and printing of the 1994 National Air and Space Mu- seum holiday card.

E.I. Dupont Company. Tyvac used as kite making materials for Educa- tional Services “Kite Making Work- shop.”

Eastman Kodak Company. Single-use cameras distributed to those attend- ing the “Flights of Fancy” exhibition opening event.

Future View, Inc. Installation services for video projection in the Langley Theater.

Fusion Lighting, Inc. State-of-the-art lighting system for “Space Hall” gallery.

Mr. David P. Gianakos. 1/34 scale model of the Saturn V launch vehicle for “Apollo to the Moon” gallery.

Mr. Robert A. Hinkle. Storage/Display unit for the Paul E. Garber Preserva- tion, Restoration and Storage Facility.

Holiday Inn Capitol. Hotel accommoda- tions and catering services for lecture series and programs.

The Home Deport, Inc. Kite making materials for Educational Services “Kire Making Workshop.”

Hughes Information Technology Corpo- ration. Hughes/JVC Projection Sys- tem for video projection in the Langley Theater.

General Electric Aircraft Engines. An- nual GE Aviation Lecture series dur- ing 1995.

GSCS, Inc. Repair and maintenance ser- vices for Grid computer display in “Beyond the Limits” gallery.

M&M/Mars. Candy distributed to those attending the 1994 National Air and Space Museum Trophy event.

National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration. Posters distributed to those attending the 1994 National Air and Space Museum Trophy event.

Novadyne Computer Systems. Annual maintenance services for computer equipment in “Beyond the Limits” gallery.

Paris Chocolates, Inc. Candy distrib- uted to those atrending the 1994 National Air and Space Museum Trophy event.

Lr. General Thomas P. Stafford, USAF (Ret.). Marker of Oklahoma granite to commemorate the Apollo-Soyuz mission and the cooperation in space between the US and the USSR.

Trans-Lux Corporation. Datawall dis- play for closed captioning system in the Langley Theater.

United Airlines, Inc. Round-trip air transportation for winners of the 1994 National Air and Space Mu- seum Trophy.

Dr. Ronald Wilkinson. Bausch & Lomb 8001 telescope and accessories used for public programs held in the Ein- stein Planetarium.

WSI Corporation. Hardware and data service for weather system in “Look-

ing at Earth” gallery.

National Museum of African Art

Donors of Financial Support

$1,000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Milton F. Rosenthal Ms. Joan S. Wadelton

$500 or more

Noah-Sadie K. Wachrel Foundation

Donors to the Collection

Anonymous. Seated female figure from Céte d'Ivoire (1995-04-001).

Ernst Anspach. Figure of a woman and child from the Republic of Benin (1994-18-001).

Ernst Anspach. Four figurative weights from Ghana (1995-06-001, 002, 003, 004).

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Erwin. Icon from Ethiopia (1994-21-001).

Mr. and Mrs. Lucien P. Garo. Gameboard from Liberia (1994-17- oo!).

Deborah and Jeffrey Hammer. Emblem of office from Nigeria (1994-19- OOI.001-.002).

Bernice M. Kelly. Repoussé panel by Nigerian artist Asiru Olatunde, 1918- 1993 (1995-07-00I).

Bernice M. Kelly. Linocut by Nigerian artist Bruce Onobrakpeya, b. August 30, 1932 (1995-07-002).

Bernice M. Kelly. Pen and ink drawing by Nigerian artist Obiora Udechukwu, b. June 4, 1946 (1995- 07-003).

Dr. and Mrs. Robert Kuhn. Necklace from Nigeria (1994-15-O01).

Mr. and Mrs. Waldemar A. Nielsen. Screens by artist Adebisi Akanyji, b. 1930s, Nigeria (1994-20-00I—004).

Brother Louis Ruch, FSC. Shield from Ethiopia (1995-05-001).

Ellen B. Wells. Currency from Zaire (1994-16-001).

National Museum of American Art

Donors of Financial Support

$100, 000 or more

The PEW Charitable Trusts The James Renwick Collectors Alliance

$50, 000 or more

Howard Kortler Testament Trust MCI Foundation

$10, 000 or more

Elizabeth Cheney Foundation

Gillman Paper

Melvin and Thelma Lenkin

William R. & Nora Lichtenberg Foun- dation, Inc.

Philip Morris Companies, Inc.

Rabobank Nederland

David Schwartz Foundation

$5,000 or more

Anonymous

Consolidated Natural Gas Co. Foundation

Hayes, Domenic: & Nunn

Hines Interests Limited Partnership

Mr. David Maxfield

Harvey & Francoise Rambach

$1, 000 or more

Abramson Family Foundation

The Barra Foundation, Inc.

The Thelma W. Bauerdorf Revocable 1990 Trust

Thomas W. & Ann M. Barwick

Beadles Lumber Co. (Mr. & Mrs. C. Vic- tor Beadles)

Mr. Norman Bernstein

Berry-Hill (Mr. & Mrs. Frederick Hill)

Frederick J. Brown

Andrew J. Carrollman

Mr. & Mrs. Willard G. Clark

Edwin I. Colodny

Mr. and Mrs. Dale F. Dorn

is) ~~ ww

Mr. & Mrs. Donald J. Douglass

The Dunoir Trust Fund

Ebsworth Foundation

Mr. Frank Everett

Bertram Fields & Barbara Guggenheim Fields

Mrs. Daniel Fraad

Mr. & Mrs. Morton Funger

Robert & Gayle Greenhill

Barbara Guggenheim Associates, Inc.

Gulf States Paper Corp. (Mr. & Mrs. Jack Warner)

Hugh & Marie Halff

Mr. & Mrs. Raymond J. Horowitz

Ruth Horwich Marital Trust

Jaquelin Hume Foundation

Maurice & Margery Katz

Mr. & Mrs. Jack Kay

R.C. Kemper Jr. Charitable Trust & Foundation

The Robert S. and Grayce B. Kerr Foun- dation, Inc.

Blanche M. Koffler

Mr. & Mrs. Robert P. Kogod

Jon and Barbara Landau

Mr. Robert Lehrman

Mr. Samuel Lehrman

Mr. & Mrs. Jacques E. Lennon

Nan Tucker McEvoy Foundation

Mr. Paul Mellon

Marilyn L. or Michael A. Mennello

Mr. Harvey S. Shipley Miller

Mr. and Mrs. Charles & Judith Moore

The Ohio Historical Society, Inc.

Mr. Richard B. Pfeil

Polaroid Corporation

Jack and Marjorie Rachlin

Frank Ribelin

Mr. Samuel G. Rose

Mr. Samuel Rosenfeld

Mr. & Mrs. James F. Sams

Mrs. John Farr Simmons

Ted & Carole Slavin

Ira Spanierman (Spanierman Gallery)

Terry & Margaret Stent

Mrs. Keith S. Wellin

Mr. & Mrs. Stephen A. West

Mr. Eli Wilner & Ms. Barbara Brennan

Dr. & Mrs. Edward T. Wilson

Estelle R. Wolf

$500 or more

Mrs. Therese Heyman Jordan-Volpe Gallery, Inc.

274

Miller-Plummer Foundation, The Mr. Jon Randall Plummer

Joyce Ann Thurston

Weaving Workshop

$250 or more

Helen Drutt Gallery

John Kaldor Foundation

Stephen Lorch

Mrs. Beatrice Cummings Mayer Quilts, Inc.

Judith N. Ross

Bob Stocksdale & Kay Sekimachi

Donors to the Collection

Julius and Anne Akman, in honor of the dedicated docents of the Renwick Gallery. Renwick Gallery, 1992, mo- saic, by Julius Akman (born 1912) (1994.86)

Dale and Doug Anderson. Tzptoe Ten- dency, 1993; Cool Candy, 1993, collages by Bruce Helander (born 1947)

(199 4.117.1,.2)

Dudley Anderson. San Blas, 1967, by Ed Rossbach (born 1914) (1995.54) Anonymous donor. Autumnal Warp, fm.

the series, Order from Chaos, 1982; Mendenhall fm. the body of work, The Tongass, 1986; CVNRA #37, fm. the body of work, The Federal Lands, 1986; Jordanelle/Autumn Equinox, fm. the portfolio, The Sundance Equinox, 1990, cibachrome prints, by Robert Glenn Ketchum (1994.119.1-4a-c)

Anonymous donor. Sky Cathedral, 1982, painted wood construction, by Louise Nevelson (1900 Russia-1989 USA) (1994.85)

Anonymous donor. Modern Consciousness, 1989, oil on canvas, by Daniel Sprick (born 1953) (1994.79)

Thelma W. Bauerdorf Trust. Breathing Series, #16, 1993, Monotype on paper, by Anne Neely (born 1946) (1995.71)

Mr. and Mrs. Milton Baxt, in honor of Michael W. Monroe, Renwick Gal- lery Curator-in-Charge, 1986-1995. Blue Flesh, 1991, blown glass and oil paint, by Danny Perkins (born 1955); #8 Study in Stone, 1989, fabricated glass, granite and metal, by Jack Schmidt (born 1945) (1995.36.1,2)

Ernest Birdseye Bayliss. The Canons of Colo- rado, n.d., mechanical reproductions of photographs, by William Henry Jack- son (1843-1942) (1995.49.1-.16)

William L. Blockstein. Vernal Elegy, 1992, color lithograph by Georgia Marsh (born 1950); AGB 1+ 10, port- folio, 1993, etchings, by various art- ists (20th c.) (1994.10.1,.2.1-.11)

Frid! M. Blumenthal, in memory of her husband, Bernhardt Blumenthal. K7- netic Brooch, ca. 1990, 18k gold, chryso- prase, cabochons, and baroque pearl, by Fridl M. Blumenthal (born 1905) (1994.16)

Bogen Photo Corp. South Carolina Ocean #2, 1992, selenium-toned gelatin sil- ver print, by Harry Kalish (born 1947) (1994.102)

Bogen Photo Corp., made possible by the Perkins Center for the Arts. Shav- ing My Head, 1994, type C print, by Matt Clowney (born 1969) (1995.57)

A. J. Carrollman Trust. Breathing Series #9, 1993, monotype on paper, by Anne Neely (born 1946) (1995.7.2)

Dr. and Mrs. Thomas L. Carter. Leroy Neiman Pulls a Screenprint, 1982; Durer at 23. in Venice, in Love, H1s Bags are Stolen, 1977; Lunch with Lautrec, 1977; Goya Studies War, 1976; Senefelder Re- cerves the Secrets of Lithography, 1976; S.

W. Hayter Discovers Viscosity Printing, 1976; Entry of Lasansky into lowa City, 1976; The Last Printmaker, 1978; Pi- casso at the Zoo, 1978; Ben Franklin at Versailles, 1976, Rauschenberg at Tama- rind in Hollywood, 1978; Rembrandt Bankrupt, 1978; color etchings by Warrington Colescott (born 1921) (1994.97-I--12)

Maria Emilia Castagliola. A Matter of Trust, 1994, paper on fiberglass screen with cotton thread, by Maria Castagliola (born 1946) (1995.21)

Mr. and Mrs. William M. Clary, Laura and Marvin Clary (with Jane and Bert Hunecke), Girl Standing in the Mist of Heaven, 1985, oil on panel, by Lorenzo Scott (born 1934) (1994.125)

Carlos Cortez. Welcome Home, 196s, lino- cut, by Carlos Cortez (born 1923) (1995-1)

Mr. and Mrs. Bartow V. Daniels, in memory of their son, Bartow G. Dan-

iels. Primary Colors, 1978, acrylic, metal, mirrors and styrofoam, by Bartow G. Daniels (1952-1989) (1995.31)

Dr. Hilbert H. DeLawter, in memory of his wife, Lori. Untitled, 1961, reduced stoneware with multi-glazes, by John Glick (born 1938); Spring, 1961, wool, by Joseph Hamling (born ca. 1939), 1995-44.1,.2

Darlene Mason Denard. Profile in Blue, 1988, ink, charcoal conté on paper, by Ron Adams (born 1934) (1994.58)

Stuart and Beverly Denenberg. Depth Bomb, ca. 1930, etching and drypoint on paper; The Rainbow, ca. 1938, lino- cut on paper, by Edward Hagedorn (1902-1982) (1994.83.1,.2)

Reverend Virgilio Elizondo. La Tienda de Elizondo, 1993, acrylic on canvas, by Jesse Trevifio (born Mexico 1946) (1994.126)

William W. Ellis, donated in memory of A. Russell Ellis by his sons. Land- Scape, ca. 1860, oil on canvas, by Charles Herbert Moore (1840-1930) (1994.82)

Henry David and Barbara Tannenbaum Epstein. Selenium Ruby, 1994, cut, pol- ished, constructed and cast optical and dichroic glass and vitrolite, by Michael Taylor (born 1944) (1994.94)

Joan Farrell. Double Summer, 1991, two raku sculptures, by Susan Kemenyffy (born 1941) and Steven Kemenyffy; born 1943) (1995-38)

Matthew Fraser, for Caitlin Holcomb, Douglas Holcomb, Lacy Presley, Anna Presley, Jessica Presley, Mat- thew Brenner, Thomas Brenner. Szh- lings, 1990, 5-color reductive linocur, by Judith Linhares (born 1940); Cut- away, 1989, color linocut with Japan- ese papers, by Robin Winters (born 1950); Life's Lures, 1985, etching; Lzfe's Comet, 1985, mezzotint; Up or Down Hill, 1991, color mezzotint with chine collé by (C) Rayberry (born 1952); Habitat, 1990, eight-color linocut with chine collé, by Hunt Slonem (born 1951); Untitled, 1990, etching (var- ious techniques), by Michael Tetherow (born 1942) (1995.18.1-.7)

Robert B. Green. Cartoon for “Palinello”, 1934, conté crayon on paper; Phantas-

magoria, 1985, brush and ink and pen and ink with white highlights on paper; January Lark, 1986, watercolor on paper; Chloe with Tobias and An-

gels, 1980, watercolor on paper; A/zce’s

Reverie, 1987, watercolor on paper; Cy-

clamen, 1989, watercolor on paper; Palinello II, 1934, egg tempera on gessoed masonite; Angels of Light and Darkness, 1950, egg, oil, casein on a gesso ground on imported herring- bone weave hemp canvas; by Robert B. Green (born 1909) (1995.19.1-.8) Arthur Fribourg (bequest). Nude on the Rock, n.d., brown marker on paper, by Milton Avery (1893-1963); Ruzs, 1977, color lithograph, by Nancy Graves (born 1940); After the Harvest, 1970, aquatint and intaglio, by Mark Tobey (1890-1976) (1995.62.1-.3) Hand Graphics. fm. portfolio Revisited,

1995: Untitled (New Mexican Site); Un-

titled (Intertor Site—rust ink), Untitled (Ryan 21); Untitled (Interior Site—deep brown ink), photo-electric intaglios, by Nathan Oliveira (born 1928) (1995.55-1--4)

Susan Harder, in honor of Pat Chieffo. Untitled, 1971 (possibly later print),

gelatin silver print, by Andre Kertesz

(1894-1985), (1994.12)

Nancy Heller. Bird and Microphone (a.k.a. Canary), 1953, linocut and lithograph; Icarus and Mysterious Stranger, 1982, monotype; Portrazt of Pablo O'Higgins, 1947, linocut; Se/f- Portrait, 1947, lithograph; Clown, 1952, color lithograph; Phoenix, 1984, monotype, by Jules Heller (born 1919) (1994.122.1-.6)

Lloyd E. Herman, Director Emeritus of the Renwick Gallery in memory of

Paul Vickers Gardner, Curator Emeri-

tus, Division of Ceramics and Glass,

National Museum of American His-

tory. Untitled, 1969, hot formed glass,

by Dominick Labino (born 1910) (1994.101)

Olga Hirshhorn. Poster from the Armory Show, ca. 1913, Letterpress and silk- screen, by an unidentified artist (1994.70)

Lee Hoffman. Malcolm as Griinwald, 1982-1983, drypoint on zinc plate with watercolor and gouache on

paper; fm. portfolio It 7s Now Early May, 1994: Rough and Tough (1); Drag- ons sous la lune (11); Flourimond et Ray- mond regardent une table immense (III); Mon neveu avec les cheveux de Jerome (IV); Sauce Pimentée (V); VE elise Tourmentée (VI); Taze Dansant (VII); Le Paysage de L'Atr (VIII); Nous Attendons Avec nos Chapeaux (1X); En- core Tot! (X); Le Vier! Homme de la Forét (XI); Trente pas vers la Chine (XII), gravures, by Lee Hoffman (born 1942) (1994.99.1,2.1-.12)

Robyn and John Horn. Spoon from a For-

gotten Ceremony, 1994, dogwood, by Norm Sartorius (born 1947) (1994.75)

Mr. and Mrs. Bert Hunecke (with Mr.

and Mrs. William M. Clary, Laura and Marvin Clary). Girl Standing in the Must of Heaven, 1985, oil on panel, by Lorenzo Scott (born 1934) (1994.125)

Charles T. Isaacs, Jr. Hunting by Stream

in Melville Bay..., 1873, albumen print, by Dunmore and William Bradford Chritcherson, (19th c.); Cas- tle Geyser Cone, n.d., mammoth albu- men print, by F. Jay Haynes (1853-1921); The Manger, 1900, plati- num print, by Gertrude Kasebeir (1852-1934); Tropical Scenery: The Ter- minum of the Proposed Canal-Limon Bay, 1870, albumen print, by John Moran, 19th c.; Edztor (man in odd hat at table with writing...), 1850s, da- guerreotype, by an unidentified artist (19th c.); Family at Niagara Falls, c. 1860s, amabrotype, by an unidenti- fied artist (19th c.) (1994.90.1-.6); 38th General Hospital, Camp Bowie, Texas, July 3rd, 1942, ca. 19408, gelatin silver print, by Walton Studio (ca. 19405) (1995.8)

Dr. Charles T. and Alma Isaacs, Sr. Va/-

ley of the Yosemite from Union Point, 1872, by Edweard Muybridge (1830— 1904); Cathedral Rocks, Susquehanna near Meghoppen, LVRR, 1899, mam- moth albumen print, by William H. Rau (1855-1920); Corn Shocks and Sky, ca. 1920s, platinum print, by Doris Ullman (1844-1934); Watches Rock near Echo City. Utah, ca. 1870, mammoth albumen print, by Carleton Watkins (1824-1916); Mirror Lake. Yosemite,

1865, mammoth albumen print, by Charles L. Weed (1840-1903) (1994.89.1-.5)

Girard Jackson. Study for Paderewski Con- cert, Carnegie Hall, ca. 1913-14; Stand- ing Figure study for Paderewski Concert. Carnegie Hall, ca. 1913-14, charcoal drawings on paper, by Theresa Bern- stein (born 1885) (1994 106.1,.2)

Frederick Jules (with Gabriel Zepecki). Cove, ca. 1988; Night, ca. 1988, mono- types, by Mervin Jules (1912-1994) (1994.96.1,.2)

Max Kahn, Estate of (bequest). sketches for Greenhouse, 1950, charcoal on paper; Rising Sun Farm, 1953, oil on canvas, by Lee Gatch (1902-1968) (1995.23.1-.4)

Ron Kent. Footed Vessel, 1993, Norfolk Is- land pine, by Ron Kent (born 1931) (199 4.103)

Jim Kitchens, in honor of Michael Ford. Untitled sculptures, 1986, mixed media, by Humberto Dionisio (born 1950) (1994.118..1,.2)

Rebecca Klemm. Cabbage Vase on a Pedes- tal, 1993, wheel thrown, carved and incised porcelain with celadon glaze, by Cliff Lee (born 1951) (1995.39)

Judge William G. Kocol. Brain Trust (Conference), 1935, oil on masonite, by Jack Levine (born 1915) (1994.88)

Alan and Michael Lipton. Untitled draw- ings, 1957, 1959, 1971, 1972, 1982, 1982, oil crayon on paper, by Sey- mour Lipton (1903-1986) (1994.98.1- .6)

Michael Mazur. Nightswimmer, 1983, by Michael Mazur (born 1935) (1995.68) Sam and Alfreda Maloof, in honor of Mi- chael W. Monroe, Renwick Gallery Curator-in-Charge, 1986-1995. M:- chael W. Monroe Low-back Side Chair, 1995, zircote, by Sam Maloof (born

1916) (1995.29)

Alfred T. Morris, Jr. Untitled, n.d., oil on masonite, by Rolph Scarlett (1889— 1994) (1994.123)

Jan Myers. Golden Warriors, n.d., seri- graph, by Guy Maccoy (1904-1981) (1994.109)

Benjamin P. Nicolette. River House, 1980, painted wood and dirt, by Wil- liam Christenberry (born 1936) (1994.92)

276

Michael and Justine O'Donovan. Head- lands VI, 1965 (signed 1985), etching,

by Gordon Cook (1927-1985) (1995.33)

Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation. Cityscape

with Roses, 1932, oil on canvas; Special

No. 32, 1914, pastel on paper, by Geor-

gia O'Keeffe (1887-1986) (1995.3.1,.2)

Mrs. William Ordway Partridge. Bust of

Percy Bysshe Shelly, n.d., by William Ordway Partridge (1861-1920) (1994-73)

Gerald L. Pearson. John Henry, 1979, oil on canvas; Green Window, 1970, oil on canvas, by Fred Brown (born 1945) (1995.22.1,.2)

Sue and Bernie Pucker, in honor of Ir- ving and Charlotte Rabb. Large Vase with Cover, 1991, porcelain with honan tenmoku glaze, by Brother Thomas Bezanson (born 1929) (1995.63)

Roderick S. Quiroz. The Bridge, Sunday, 1952; Black on Black. Pittsburgh, 1948; Orpheus—The Look Back, 1953; Sunday Night in the Plaza, 1961; Self-Reflection at Museum of Modern Art, 1971, litho- graphs, by Prentiss H. Taylor (1907- 1991) (1995.45-1-.5)

John Raimondi. In the Fifth Season II, 1985, by Gregory Amenoff (born 1948) (1994-113)

James Renwick Alliance. When She Was Bad..., 1994, painted wood, rift white oak, pau amarello, hand-made paper, by Roseanne Somerson (born 1954) (1995.32); Rehoboth Meander: Quilt #159, 1993, machine pieced cotton and silk; machine quilted, by Mi- chael James (born 1949) (1994.76); Huntress, 1933, bronze, gold-plated bronze, blown glass and plate glass, by Dan Daily (born 1947) (1994.77); Tea Service, 1991, teapot: sterling sil- ver with rosewood; sugar and creamer: sterling silver with cloisonné enamel lids, by Maureen Banner (born 1946) and Michael Ban- ner (born 1939) (1994.78.1-.3); Neck- lace, 1954, cast sterling silver, by Ronald Hayes Pearson (born 1924) (1995.6); G. W. Cabinet, 1994, painted wood, by Tommy Simpson (born 1939) (1995.13); Ooh! I am Precious #21, 1987, gold and silver papercord and

canvas, by Gene and Hiroko

Pijanowski (born 1938; born 1942) (1995.14); Fruit Still Life, 1994: Opaque Apple; Zanfirico Apple; Zanfirico Plum; Opaque Pear, hand-blown glass sculp- tures, by Flora Mace (born 1949) and Joey Kirkpatrick (born 1952) (1995.16.1-.4); Teapot Goblet (#260), 1991; Teapot Goblet (#94-14), 1994; Tea- pot Goblet (#324), 1992; Teapot Goblet (#3206), 1992; Teapot Goblet (#94-17), 1994, hand-blown glass, by Richard Marquis (born 1945) (1995.24.1-.5); Bracelet, (1988), sterling silver, 18k gold, metal and slate, by Rachelle Thiewes (born 1952) (1995.26); Head Vase with Large Lips, 1988; Head Vase with Jagged Harr, 1988, cast bronze with relieved and burnished edges, carnauba wax, by Janet Prip (born 1950) (1995.42.1,.2); Red Group, 1995, blown glass vessels, by Dante Marion: (born 1964) (1995.88.1-.3); Noon Mark, 1995, bronze, by Jona- than Bonner (born 1947) (1995.60); Log Cabin Maze, 1992, hand-painted, hand-quilted, and machine-sewn dyed fabric, by Ellen Oppenheimer (born 1952) (1995.66)

James Renwick Alliance, in honor of

Michael W. Monroe, Renwick Gal- lery Curator-in-Charge 1986-1995. Monkey Settee, 1995, walnut and bronze, by Judy McKie (born 1944) (1995.67)

James Renwick Alliance (and museum

purchase). Arabian Seasons, 1994, glass, paint and plastic, by Therman Statom (born 1953) (1995.5)

Park and Phyllis Rinard, in honor of Nan Wood Graham. Shrine Quartet, 1939; Family Doctor, 1940; March, 1939; Sultry Night, 1939; Honorary De- gree, 1938; January, 1938; Fertility, 1939; Seed and Harvest Time, 1937 ; July Fifteenth, 1938; In the Spring, 1939; lithographs, by Grant Wood (1891— 1942); Coyotes Stealin’ a Pig, 1927, lithograph, by John Steuart Curry (1897-1943); Sons of Peace, 1934, litho- graph, by John T. McCutcheon (1870— 1949) (1994.115.1-.12)

Dr. S. Dillon Ripley II and Mary Living- ston Ripley (partial and promised gift). Washington Sea Eagle, (ca. 1836- 1839), oil on canvas, attributed to

John James Audubon (1785-1851) (1994.121)

George and Dorothy Saxe, in honor of Michael W. Monroe, Renwick Gal- lery Curator-in-Charge, 1986-1995. Implied Movement, 1986, blown, cut and polished glass, by Harvey Little- ton (born 1922) (1995.35)

Paul and Deane Shatz. Dis/ocations Suite, 1995, chine collé, intaglio, silkscreen, and monotype on artist-made papers, by Christopher French (born 1957) (1995.28.a-f)

Rosalind Solomon, in memory of Harry- ette Cohn. Turkey, 1995; Staten Island Ferry—New: York, 1987; Staten Island Ferry—New York, 1987, gelatin silver prints, by Rosalind Solomon (born 1930) (1995.17.1-.3)

Lenore and Allan Sindler. Untitled, ca. 1976, earthenware with acrylic paint, by Bennett Bean (born 1941) (1994.100)

Smithsonian Women’s Committee in Honor of Michael W. Monroe, Renwick Gallery Curator-in-Charge, 1986-1995. Black Textured Jar, 1994, box elder, fossilized ivory, India ink and lacquer, by John Jordan (born 1950) (1995-41)

Bernard and Estelle Sobie. The Forest, ca. 1964; Blue Churn on Yellow, ca. 1964; Red Boat on Blue, ca. 1964, crayon/craypas drawings on paper, by Eddie Arning (1898-1993) (1994.105.1,.2)

Lionel Sosa, Ernest Bromley, Adolfo Aguilar of Sosa, Bromley, Aguilar and Associates. Mus Hermanos, 1976, acrylic on canvas, by Jesse Trevino (born Mexico, 1946) (1994.74)

Samuel and Marilyn Stern. prints from the series African Sculpture, 1935, by Walker Evans (1903-1975) (1994.II.1- 10) (1995.9.I-.10)

Louis K. Stone Art Trust. Untitled (2140), 1945, watercolor and gouache on paper, Untitled (2074), 1939, water- color and gouache on paper; Untitled (2149), 1940, watercolor and gouache on paper, by Louis K. Stone (1902— 1984) (1994.124.1-.3)

Marjorie Tyre Sykes. Birch Bark, n.d., pen and ink, watercolor, acrylic; The Cage, n.d., color lithograph; Street in

Guanjuato, n. d., lithograph; Adeste Fidelis, n. d., lithograph; Calsada de Guadolupe, Guanjuato, n.d., litho- graph; Untitled (soldier walking along tents at night), n.d., watercolor and pencil on paper; Pemaguid, 1984, pen and ink wash drawing; Colosseum, n.d., etching and aquacint; Tre//zs, n.d., color etching; Caterpillar, n.d., etching (sepia); Mazne Coast Two, n.d., color lithograph; Zen Garden Two, n.d., black and white litho- graph, by Maltby Sykes (1911-1992) (1994.108.1-.12)

University of Tennessee. Hokes Bicenten-

nial View, 1994, color lithograph, by Beauvais Lyons (born 1958) and Rob- ert Cothran (born 1930) (1995.56)

Leila Usher. Francis James Child, 1891,

plaster bas relief, bronzed, by Leila Usher (1869-1955) (1994.71)

The Andy Warhol Foundation for the

Visual Arts (and museum purchase). Untitled (Eyeglasses). 1976/1986, six stitched gelatin silver prints, by Andy Warhol (1928-1987) (1995.64)

Marc Wise. Walcott. lowa, 1990; Sayre,

Oklahoma, 1988; Wise. North Carolina, 1989, color photographs, by Marc Wise (born 1964) (1994.69.1-.3)

Don and Caro! Wiiken (and museum

purchase). Asymmetry Necklace, 1992, glass, silver, copper and 18k and 14k gold, by Julie Anne Mihalisin (born 1962) (1994.114); William P. Wright, Jr. fm. The Tiguas: Pueblo Indians of Texas, 1994: T1gua Women Dancers, Ra- mona Paiz Residence, A Tigua Family, Johnny Hisa and the Rio Grande, Ra- mona and her TV; Grandsons of Att- wood, A Tigua Wedding, Cacique Trinidad Granillo, Herminia Silvas, Breadmaker, Shotgun, Joe Sierra and Grandson, The Whipping Ritual, Tribal Dancers, Cacique Granillo and Mary Jopola; Cactque Enrique Paiz, gelatin silver prints, by William P. Wright, Jr. (born 1933) (1994.93-1-.15)

Tomas Ybarra-Frausto. works on paper,

various dates, by various Hispanic artists (20th c.) (1995.50.1-.60)

George C. Zachary, in memory of

Devlin Mario Archie. Vase, ca. 1970, glazed earthenware, by Beatrice Wood (born 1893) (1994-104)

Gabriel Zepecki (with Frederick Jules). Cove, ca. 1988; Night, ca. 1988, mono- types, by Mervin Jules (1912-1994) (1994.96.1,.2)

National Museum of American History

Donors to the Collections

Rear Adm. Faye G. Abdellah, R.N., Ed.D., Sc.D., FAAN, USPHS (Ret.): Dr. Abdellah’s Class A U.S. Public Health Service uniform including a jacket, skirt, shirt, tie, shoulder bag, black pumps, black hose, cap, cap cover, and a hat box, 1980s (1992.0453).

Rita J. Adrosko: brown leather hat, made in France for Lord & Taylor De- partment Store, 1967—69 (1994.0201); woman's clothing of the 1970s includ- ing 2 blouses, a skirt, and a dress (1994.0323).

Harold H. and Marjorie A. Alexander: boxed set of 15 sample papers hand- made from agricultural refuse and weed fibers, researched and made by Mr. and Mrs. Alexander, 1994 (1995.0184).

Nancy M. Allen: 5 nightgowns ac- quired by Miss Allen for her wed- ding trousseau in 1944 (1994.0159).

American Type Culture Collection (through Dr. Frank Simione): 2 ship- ping cannisters, 2 sets of ampules, a cane to hold ampules, and a circular slide rule, all related to shipping in- fectious materials (1995.3043).

Leathy N. Anderson (through Susie Smith): man’s watch chain made of brown human hair woven into a deco- rative design, “Carrie” and “1893” are written on the fob attachment (1994.0374).

Anne Arundel! County Central Services (through James F. Ryan): 12 pistols and 3 revolvers (1993.0444).

Anonymous: covered aluminum bowl made by Buehner-Warner of the Pfaltzgraff Company of York, Penn- sylvania, 1930-59 (1995.O1I0); tin-

i) ™S N

plated sheet iron open-topped kettle painted rust-orange, 19th century (1995.0221).

Government of Antigua and Barbuda, Barbuda Post Office, Philatelic Bu- reau: 44 stamps and 6 first day covers of Antigua and Barbuda (1993.2024); 34 stamps, 6 first day covers, and a miniature sheet of Barbuda (193.2097).

University of Arkansas, John Brown Watson Memorial Library (through Edward J. Fontenetto): dried cotton plant in a box (1990.3028).

Betty J. Askin (through Norman M. Sevin): linen hand trowel embroidered by “Mary A. Kraft the January the 30 1840” (1994.0352).

AT&T Network Systems (through Joann M. Pacifico) and Bell Atlantic Network Operations (through Ed- ward H. Sproat): 10-piece control unit of the #1-ESS electronic switch- ing system, the first such system used in the U.S. which went into ser- vice in Succasunna, New Jersey, used 1965-91 (1993.0247).

Jalil Azzouz: diazo print of sheet music, photocopy of sheet music, and a pho- tocopy of a newsletter article (1994.3116).

Mrs. Basidio Balkinson: pair of man’s black wool trousers with a silk lin- ing, hook-and-eye closure is patent dated 1894 (1994.31I5).

Stanley M. Barkin in memory of Daniel Barkin: concert program from Duke Ellington's 1943 debut at Carnegie Hall (1995.3079).

Bruce S. Bazelon: 217 pieces of military insignia, badges, buttons, and medals (1979.0130).

Miriam Lloyd Beall and Richard Louis Lloyd: 3 man’s black silk bow ties, 1935, and a pair of man’s white kid leather gloves, 1895-1905 (1995.0050).

Marion R. Behr: print by Marion and Omri Behr using their patented elec- troetch method, 1993 (1995.0183).

Arthur A. and Lanenne L. Beltrone: in- vasion vest used in WW II (1994.0025).

Bradley F. and Virgina W. Bennett: 391 ancient Greek coins made of bronze,

silver, potin, and billon (1993.0493);

278

307 ancient Greek and Roman coins of Asia Minor (1994.0023); 319 silver and bronze ancient Greek coins (1994.0104).

Sharon N. Berger: infant's coat, cap, and sacque, all made and embroidered for Ms. Berger by her grandmother in 1946 (1995.0091).

John M. Bergey: 15 mostly Pulsar wrist watches and watch mechanisms show- ing the origin and development of the electronic digital watch, the re- search of which was directed by Mr. Bergey, a Pulsar advertising sign of the early 1970s, and a plastic sample case (1994.0354).

Maryrose A. and Neal S. Bezoenik: Gor- don platen jobbing printing press, ca. 1858 (1994.0380).

Dara Minocher Bhot: 2 silver medals with portraits of Mr. Bhor (1994.0290).

William L. Bird: plastic President Clin- ton face mask (1995.0029); 2 issues of Time magazine, 1938 (1995.0059); 18- piece corn service set and an acrylic kitchen knife (1995.0112).

Mr. & Mrs. E. J. Blume: Vitascope mo- tion picture projector (1994.0333).

Richard Bogard: 9 pharmaceuticals, 2 photographs, and an advertising tie tack (1991.0415).

Elizabeth I. Bonnes: Permutit domestic water softener and its original instruc- tion card, ca. 1928 (1995.0120).

Banco Central do Brasil, Departamento do Meio Circulante (through Jose dos Santos Barbosa): 3-reazs proof silver coin of Brazil, 1995 (1995-0192); (through Antonio Carlos Meda): sil- ver proof coin commemorating the tercentenary of the establishment of the Brazilian Mint, 1994 (199 4.0393); 8 bank notes and 5 steel coins of Brazil, 1994 (1995.0031); silver proof coin com- memorating Brazil's World Cup soccer victory in 1994 (1995.0075).

Geralyn R. Breig, Elizabeth T. Rella, Jo- seph G. Rella, and Mary Ellen Rella in memory of Joseph and Marie Rella: blue Kodak Petite camera (1995.0046).

Deborah Bretzfelder: woman's mutton-

shaped off-white net undersleeve dec-

orated with a blue velvet ribbon and lace trim, 1860-75 (1995.0150).

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Asso- ciated Universities, Inc. (through Ber- nard J. McAlary): set of 5 “coat hangers,” transparent plastic retrore- flective bars for illuminating particle tracks in the 80-inch hydrogen bub- ble chamber, ca. 1964 (1988.0766); documentary material of the 80-inch bubble chamber including 11 films of particle tracks, 6 reels of audio tapes of operations, a film of construction, log book, operations manual, and a user package (1995.3003).

Francis W. Brown: slave whip with wooden handle and leather strap (1993.0507).

Mrs. W. N. Brown: woman's gray silk bustle dress, muslin drawers, muslin chemise, and a white cotton robe, all 1873, woman’s pale green silk gauze stole, 1800-25, and a child’s pale blue silk coat, 1882 (1994.0346).

Donald C. Burnham: Napoleonic coach model made by Mr. Burnham in 1931 for the Fisher Body Craftsman’s Guild contest, the original wooden base, a box of dies and brasses, and 2 junior division first place award rib- bons (1993.0501).

Sal Buscema: 23 original storyboard drawings, a script, and a published comic book, all for Spiderman stories by Mr. Buscema (1994.0196).

William E. Bustard: 2 plans drawn by Mr. Bustard of the skipjack Flora A. Price. originally built in 1909 at Champ, Maryland (1994.3095).

University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (through Bri- gitte Fitzsimmons and Dr. Leroy T. Kerth): emulsion-scanning micro- scope, “Frankenstein” track-measur- ing machine, 4-inch hydrogen bubble chamber, and an inflatable gasket, 1950s—60s (1989.0171).

Capital Film Labs (through John Gant): tripod head (1995.3015).

Bobb Carson: motorized midget car built by Mr. Carson, with his father's help, from plans purchased from Pop- ular Mechanics. 1955 (1995.0153).

Prof. Lester Earl Casida, Jr.: box con- taining a vial of crystalline penicillin

G sodium, labeled as being assayed in September 1946 by the Upjohn Company (1994.0359).

Elizabeth Chabanoff, M.D. (through Rev. Serge Kotar and The Very Rev. Stefan Pavlenko): woman’s black silk dress with embroidered ecru tissue linen shawl collar, made by Bouet Soeur of Paris and sold in New York, 1913-18 (1994.0262).

Robert G. Chamberlain: 2.5 cubic feet of archival material documenting nu- merical control of machinery and Mr. Chamberlain's role in its develop- ment (1995.3009).

Chick Publications, Inc. (through Rita McGarity): 170 Protestant religious tracts and publications printed in 39 languages (1993.0552).

David E. Christie in memory of Elise Eugenia Hagan Carlier and Harry Raymond Arnold: man’s 3-piece black wool wedding suit and an extra wool and silk vest, ca. 1895 (1994.0116).

Citizen Watch Company, Ltd., Corpo- rate Communications Division (through Youichi Urabe and Yukoh Yamamoto): watch whose time can be regulated by very low frequency radio waves associated with an atomic clock for extreme accuracy, 1993 (1993.0177).

Camilla S. Clough: plastic Barbie doll Christmas tree ornament, 1994 (1995-OIII).

Barbara J. Coffee: woman's plaid mo- hair, wool, and nylon bag, 1970s (1994.0238).

Helen D. Colison in memory of Alvina and Fred Drew: folio of 42 photo- graphs showing the construction of the reinforced concrete foundation of the Lincoln Memorial in Washing- ton, D.C., done by the Fred Drew Company, 1914-15 (1995.0207).

Kenneth R. Colwell (through Russell E. Colwell): 19th-century American treadle loom with a 100-hook French jacquard head mechanism, card sew- ing board, card hand punch, and a set of punches (1992.0034).

Mary C. Combs: objects relating to Mark Farmer's First Ladies Dolls in- cluding 5 clothing patterns, a doll

kit, and an Emily Donelson doll as- sembled from a kit (1993.0580).

David and Harriett M. Condon: match rifle made by Morgan James and Edwin Phillips of Utica, New York, mid-r9th century (1994.0395).

Coolican: child's 2-piece dresses, skirt, and a blouse, all of cotton, 1850-75 (1995.0151).

P. S. Corbin, Ruth Ann Skaff, Thomas Skaff, and Melanie S. Wood in mem- ory of Elaine Khoury Skaff and Rev. Thomas Skaff: 5 cubic feet of docu- ments, correspondence, photographs, artwork, and books relating to the ca- reer of Rev. Thomas Skaff as a priest in the Antiochian Christian Ortho- dox Church in America (1995.3047).

Rosemarie A. (Harmon) Costick: U.S. Marine Corps enlisted man’s green uniform coat and trousers worn by Sgt. Frederick George Harmon, 1918- 19 (1994.0086).

Colleen K. Cotter in honor of Elizabeth Crehan Miniter: Timesaver typing copy stand made by the Lineatime Manufacturing Company, given to Mrs. Miniter when she left her bank job to marry during WW II (1993.0564).

George A. and Lily K. Coury: 9 family photographs and a souvenir program from the 1959 Overseas Convention of the National Association of Federa- tions of Syrian and Lebanese Ameri- can Clubs (1995.3022).

Dan C. Cowman, M.D.: glass vial sam- ple of Dr. Jayne's Sanative Pills, late 19th to early 20th century (1993.0443).

Henry P. Crawford: Eastman Kodak folding pocket camera (1994.3105).

Mario Cruder and Stanley Suzdak: Wat- son regulator, Foster regulator, Pen- delton steam service control, gauge tester, and a bayonet lock valve seat (1995.0107).

Joseph G. Curry, Jr.: 15 photographs and 3 patent certificates (1994.3081).

Winifred Curtis-Stebbins: 750 homeo- pathic medicines used by Dr. Wini- fred Woodmans Curtis and her mother, Ethel R. Woodmans, over an 80-year period (1988.0190).

Government of the Czech Republic, The Postal Museum (through Pavel

Crvrtnik, Ph.D.): 38 stamps and 4 souvenir sheets of the Czech Repub- lic and Czechoslovakia (1993.2127).

DEJA, Incorporated (through Julie M. Lewis): 10 samples of material, most from recycled contents, used to make a DEJA shoe, and a shoebox made from recycled cardboard, 1993 (1995.0105).

Alan H. Darby: 2 small amateur print- ing presses made in Baltimore, Mary- land, a printing wheel marking device, pamphlet about one of the presses, and a trade card featuring a boy printer (1992.0608); Multigraph duplicator with roller, empty oil can, and a set of miscellaneous accessories (1993.0008).

Delores Ziton David: calendar of the Antiochian Christian Orthodox Church (1994.3099).

Harry T. Davies: Elto outboard boat motar, 1927, with a rudder that func- tions as a cooling system (1995.0189).

Clyde Dawson: page of Universal Prod- uct Codes and a Marsh Supermarket cashier's smock with the name tag “Betty,” worn by Betty Kessler who was the first person to scan a UPC coded label at point-of-sale, 1974 (1994.0341); 24 food containers with Universal Product Codes for scan- ning technology (1994.3123).

S. LeRoy Deavenport and Judith D. Mitchener: Kodak Cine 16mm movie camera (1994.0299).

The Deep River Historical Society, In- corporated (through Edith M. DeFor- est): 0.13 cubic foot of archival documents relating to the firm of Pratt, Read & Company and its pre- decessors, ca. 1863—68 (1995.3033).

Berthe Delkin: pocket watch with a gold nugget-encrusted case, made by Anton L. Delkin when working in Nome, Alaska, 1906 (1994.0160).

Robert Dennis: Io stereoviewers, 4 ste- reographs, a set of eye pieces, and a sliding holder (1995.3049).

Irwin Dermer: 4 color photolithographs (1994.0367).

Jane des Grange: 19 cubic feet of histori- cal ephemera, dated from the late 1700s to ca. 1978, including trade ad-

vertisements and catalogues, fashion

279

plates, magazines, photographs, ac- count books, etc., collected by histo- rian Gladys Reid Holton (1992.3188).

Hyman Diamond: composing stick and a cylindrical calculator for type mea- suring on the Monotype keyboard (1994.0209).

Katherine Dickason: man’s striped tan cotton gauze handkerchief, 1949 (1995.0147).

Donald S. Dinsmore: Blatz beer can and a Schlitz “Tall Boy” beer can (1993.3015).

Lilian Price Dixson: 2-piece tan silk and lace wedding dress, 2 photographs, and a wedding certificate, all used by Lilian Brockett Roberts Price who was married June 8, 1881 (1994.0179).

Joan Donahue: black machine-knitted silk shawl, 1850-99 (1995.0148).

Anne Doniger in memory of Paul Doni- ger: Revolutionary War era officer's saber and flintlock Kentucky type rifle (1994.0370).

Joel Dorn: 5 cubic feet of recording ses- sion logs, ledgers, accounting sheets, correspondence, photographs, and newsclippings documenting the ca- reer of Mr. Dorn at Atlantic Records (1995.3087).

Albert Doumar: 2 ice cream cone man- drels used to lift the waffle from the griddle iron and shape the cone, 1920s and 1970s (1993.0572).

Margaret Driggs in honor of Camile Quarrier Bradford and Ruth Woelfle: woman's traveling satchel, 1870-1900 (1994.0193); 2 hair ornaments, 1920- 35, and a woman's purse with a scene of New Orleans, 1974-76 (1994.0375).

Eve Drossos: Greek bouzouki, a stringed musical instrument made in the sec- ond quarter of the 20th century (1995.0130).

Louis F. Drummeter, Jr.: pamphlet, “1962 Official Fallout Shelter Plans for Home & Family” (1995.0027).

Douglas L. Dunbebin: 2 T-shirts, a tote bag, and a button, all featuring Presi- dent Clinton and his saxophone, de- signed by Mr. Dunbebin as a fund raiser for Habitat for Humanity, 1992-93 (1995.0028).

Duncan Industries (through Dennis E. Brown and Richard T. Farrell): Dun-

280

can AutoParq electronic personal parking meter, 1994 (1994.0266).

E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Incorporated (through Catherine L. Andriadis): empty cylinder for SUVA non-ozone-depleting alternative re- frigerant and a refrigerant recovery unit (1993.3164).

Willis H. du Pont: U.S. silver dollar of 1804 in the “draped bust” design and a $5 gold coin struck in Stockton, California, in 1850 (1994.0391).

Earth Day USA (through Patricia Hill): 2 posters and a bumper sticker com- memorating Earth Day and its goals, 1990-93 (1994.3090).

Nanci K. Edwards: pair of pruning shears (1993.3142).

Central Bank of Egypt, Note Issue De- partment (through Fanauk El Ashu): Egyptian 100-pound specimen bank note, 1994 (1994.0392).

Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt, The National Postal Organiza- tion, Philatelic Office (through Omar Amer): 36 stamps of Egypt (1993.2085).

Elias Brothers Restaurants, Inc. (through William H. Morgan): video- tape cassette of the “Elias Brothers Through the Years,” about Elias Brothers Restaurants including Big Boy Restaurants (1994.3118).

Marion K. Elias in memory of David G. Elias: Lebanese style copper and iron still used to make arak by Mr. Elias in Utica, New York, 1930-75 (1994.0058).

Charlotte T. and Loretta Ellis: 9 pieces of correspondence, an Arabic book, notebook, photocopy of a driver's li- cense, naturalization certificate, and a U.S. citizenship certificate, all of which belonged to Anthony Elias Ellis and Marie Ellis (199 4.3117).

Edward Epremian: Leeds & Northrup portable potentiometer (1995.0103).

Ralph E. Eshelman: 18 sets of paper la- bels for various canned seafood from packing companies in Washington State (1995.3048).

Martha M. Evelyn: General Electric sun lamp and its original box, 1950-65 (199 4.0313).

Elizabeth M. Everall: woolen Greek bag, 1968-72 (1990.3135).

Government of the Faroe Islands, Phila- telic Service, The Faroese Postal Ad- ministration: 85 stamps, 8 first day covers, and a souvenir sheet of the Faroe Islands (1993.2091).

Floralee Felsenthal: single shot German pistol, Belgian revolver, and a Ger- man dagger with scabbard (1994.0254).

Fender Musical Instruments Corpora- tion (through Daniel J. Smith): elec- tric Stratocaster guitar made from a 1957 design and an electric bass gui- tar made from a 1967 design, both made by Fender in 1995 (1995.0186).

Dr. Eugene S. Ferguson: 0.33 cubic foot of documents from Dr. Ferguson's tenure as president of the Society for the History of Technology, 1977-80 (1995-3057).

Jane Adams Finn: Social Security card issued to Alfred L. Herrington, 1950s (1995.0025).

Carolyn E. Fix: 2 woman's floral brooches and a pair of off-white cot- ton gloves with the original box, 1949-50 (1995.0052).

Shelly Jayne Foote: woman's clothing in- cluding 3 dresses, 2 blouses, a T-shirt, denim trousers, sweater, and a jumpsuit, 1974-88, and a Garfinkel’s Department Store box, 1970-87 (1994.0153).

Mrs. R. H. Frain: 2 man’s silk and linen waistcoats with floral embroidery, 1780s (1994.0256).

Beatrice and Jacques Francais: 10 violin cases, 18th and 19th centuries (1994.3114).

John Gallaher: binder of MITS Altair documentation (1994.3089).

David L. Ganz: Chinese bank note, 1980 (1995.0054).

Hyman J. Gardsbane, O.D.: 3 sets of glass eyes, 2 individual glass eyes, and a broken glass eye showing its hollow interior, probably made in Germany, early 1900s (1994.0133).

Carole S. Geithner: clothing from the wedding of Florence and Henry Ben- son, great-grandparents of Ms. Geith-

ner, on November 12, 1902,

including the woman's dress, sash,

mitts, petticoat, drawers, shoes, stockings, and 2 corset covers, and the man’s shirt and vest (1994.0206).

Daphne deL. Gemmill: 2 pamphlets produced for Earth Day 1970, one about automobiles and the other about water pollution (1995.3065).

Geochron Enterprises Inc. (through James M. Kilburg): illuminated world time indicator clock showing time zones, date, and the sunrise and sunset positions, 1993 (1993.3067).

Gibbs & Cox, Incorporated (through Clifford G. Prime): 29 sets of design drawings of the S.S. United States (1994.3121).

William E. Gilbert: 2 slide rules and a Dalton “Dead Reckoning Course Computer” plotting board (1995.0087); set of drawing instru- ments sold by the Hirshberg Art Company of Baltimore, Maryland, ca. 1918 (1995.0125).

Arlyn S. Gill: pass to the Democratic Con- gressional Campaign Committee's Democratic Party Election Night on November 8, 1994 (1994.0337).

Deem A. Gillmore: 7 Armed Services edition paperback books, WW II (1993.3018).

The Honorable Newt Gingrich: 2 cop- ies of TV Guide magazine for the week of October 22-28, 1994, contain- ing the Republican National Committee’s “Contract with Amer- ica” (1994.0369).

Gold Bond-Good Humor Ice Cream (through Lawrence A. Link): 4 bur- tons, a measuring tape, emblem, coin apron, belt, hat, and a set of pushcart bells, all used by persons selling Good Humor ice cream (1994.0143).

Alan N. Gold and Joseph A. Verones: Toro Fly-Mo push lawnmower (1992.0203).

Mary A. Goles and Ruth Hunter Sobolewski in honor of the Wedel Family: 13 pieces of Homer Laughlin’s refined earthenware dishes in the Angelus pattern including 2 serving plates, 2 dinner plates, 2 bowls, a relish bowl, serving bowl, sugar bowl, cream pitcher, gravy pitcher, salt dish, and a cup with sau- cer (1994.0215). °

Martha Goodway: Amana Radarange Model RR-1, developed in part by Ms. Goodway’s father, John T. Goodway, 1950s (1995.0034); set of fabric samples and receipts, wedding announcement, patterned stockings, and a light green rayon crepe dress made by Elizabeth Bliss Tinkham for her marriage to John Tomlinson Goodway on August 3, 1933 (1995.0053).

Vice President Albert Gore: 11 Christ- mas decorations made from recycled materials (1995.3039).

Archie Green: U.S. silver dollar of 1923 presented to Mr. Green upon the launching of a ship on which he worked to build, ca. 1941 (1994.0296).

Virginia Lee Grimes: 2 Eastman Kodak box cameras, both patented in 1902 (1995.0040).

Paul B. Girsso, Jr.: Westclox Bull’s Eye open-faced “dollar” pocket watch, ca. 1962 (1993.0368).

Calvin B. and Marilyn B. Gross: bronze busts of musicians Louis Armstrong and Benny Goodman made by sculp- tor Ed Dwight (1994.0400).

Dr. Phillip D. Grub: hand-pulled news- paper delivery cart, used by the Wash- ington Evening Star. ca. 1927 (1994.0203).

Gurley Historical Services (through William H. Skerritt): 2 surveyor’s chains made by W. & L. E. Gurley of Troy, New York, one 20 varas in length and the other Io meters in length (1994.0280).

Bernard Hahn: Mississippi River clam shell with 12 holes drilled through it from which buttons were made (1993.3191).

John R. Halko: stock certificate in the Swarthmore National Bank and Trust Company, Pennsylvania, and a flawed dollar bill of 1969 (1994.0291).

Constance Gay Morenus Hammerman: set of 2 photographs of, and a sketch with poem by, Pocahontas Virginia Gay (1992.0534).

David.S. Hamrick: political banner used to support James K. Polk’s presi- dential campaign in Dallas, Texas, 1844 (1995.0080).

Harley-Davidson, Inc. (through Rich- ard F. Teerlink): 1993 Harley-David- son FLHTC-U Electra Glide Ultra Classic motorcycle commemorating the company’s 90th anniversary (1994.0226).

Samuel E. Harris, Jr. in memory of Reba A. Harris: woman's wool cloth- ing including 2 coats, 1957-65, and a 2-piece gray suit, 1952-57 (1994.0178); 2 pairs of man’s Rockport shoes and their original shoeboxes, 1990-91 (1994.0322).

Donna D. and John D. Hartigan and Patrick J. and Sherry McGarry in memory of Flora and Len Hartigan: brown leather Spalding football with autographs, 1920s (1994.0162).

L. L. Hassoun: Middle Eastern cook- book by George P. and L. Louise Hassoun, 1989 (1995.3031).

Rosina Hassoun: 2 photocopies of Mid- dle Eastern songbooks, 1958 and 1975, photocopy of an article about Arab-Is- raeli conflict, 1989, and a newsletter with an article by Ms. Hassoun, 1993 (1994.3097).

Robert M. Hazen: square fortepiano made by Carl Toefling of Gotha, Ger- many, ca. 1820 (1995.0233).

Daniel A. Healy, BMCS, USCG: photo- graph album documenting a 1935 cruise to Bermuda aboard the yacht Migrant (1994.0297).

Catherine W. and Jerome E. Henderson: decorated brass and silver trombone acquired in Leipzig, Germany about 1900 by a member of John Philip Sousa’s Concert Band (1994.0273).

Linda M. Henderson: 10 uniform items worn by Col. Pauline E. Maxwell of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps, and an embroidered pillowcase, 1943-73 (1993.0224).

Linda M. and Richard A Henderson: 3 hats, 3 caps, 2 shirts, a collar tab, and a raincoat, all worn by Col. Pauline E. Maxwell of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps, 1943473 (1993-0449).

Jules Herstein: military-issued Jewish prayer book used by Mr. Herstein during service in WW II (1993.0505).

Dr. Sue Hickmott: neckerchief deco- rated with the combat history of the U.S.S. Canberra in the Pacific theater

281

of war, used by Ronald Atkinson, 1941-45 (1993.0455).

Michael E. Hill: pair of man’s reptile skin platform boots, 1973 (1994.0151); man’s silver belt buckle with an ab- stract inlaid shell design, made in Mexico, 1973 (1994.0199).

Warren Himmelberger: 2 Massachusetts auromobile license plates, 1910 and 1915 (1994.0267).

Hoffman & Hoffman (through Michael L. Hoffman): obverse and reverse dies for the William Jefferson Clinton in- augural medal, 1993 (1993.0588).

Richard Hollerith, Jr. for the Herman Hollerith family: 2 weights, a tabu- lating machine component, tube, and a wooden box, all associated with inventor Herman Hollerith (199 5.3037).

Homer Laughlin China Company (through J. D. Conley): Fiesta signa- ture ceramic plate, 1994 (1994.0234).

Dr. John M. Hood: chart of the infrared spectrum of the sun produced by Samuel P. Langley and Charles Gree- ley Abbot at the Smithsonian Astro- physical Laboratory in Washington, D.C., published in 1901 (1995.0063).

Richard L. Hopkins: set of braille type made by the American Type Found- ers Company and a set of steel matri- ces for casting braille characters fora multigraph machine (1994.0270).

Houston Museum of Natural Science (through Truece Latimer): 6 groups of objects from the 1969 voyage of the S.S. Manhattan through the North- west Passage including an oil barrel, 47-piece survival sled, 23-piece set of ice boring equipment, 14-piece set of documentation, I1-piece survival kit, and a 2-piece voyage logo sign and stamp set (1993.0494); 3 groups of objects from the 1969 voyage of the S.S. Manhattan through the North- west Passage including a set of 7 food pouches, set of 7 matchboxes, and a set of 5 canvas bags (1993.3208).

Charles R. Howe IV: traveling shaving kit, provided to customers of United Air Lines, containing an Enders razor and Glider shaving cream in their original box, 1947-55 (1994-0157).

282

Betty A. and Roger W. Hubbell: Kodak disc camera, Minolta disc camera, and a Rollei 35mm camera with a Toshiba flash attachment (1995.0131).

Government of Hungary, Enterprise de la Poste Hongroise, Direction Generale: 4 stamps and a souvenir sheet of Hungary (1993.2145).

J. B. Hutton, Jr.: Edison Voicewriter dictating and transcribing machine and a set of vinyl discs, ca. 1950 (1993-0277).

Government of India, Ministry of Com- munications, Department of Posts (through S. K. Parthasarathy): 16 stamps of India (1993.2105).

Government of the Republic of Indone- sia, Directorate General of Posts and Telecommunications (through Baringin Batubara): 36 stamps of In- donesia (1993.2129).

Government of the Srate of Israel, Min- istry of Communications, Philatelic Services: 11 first day covers of Israel (1993-2099).

Theodore J. Janssen: ice cream scoop, ca. 1876, and a baster, napkin holder, spoon set, plate set, and a serving tray set, 1940s-50s (1995.01I5).

Alice Mokarzel Jaoudi: 28 family photo- graphs and 0.15 cubic foot of family documents (1994.3093).

The Bank of Japan, Issue Department (through Toshitaka Sakoda): 8 Japan- ese coins commemorating the open- ing of the Kansai International Airport and the Asian Games, 1994 (199 4.0320).

J. J. Johnson: King Silver Sonic slide trombone, stamped on the silver bell as being presented to Mr. Johnson “in recognition of his unique contri- butions to American music, June 26, 1976” (1994.0358).

Mrs. Mary Ellen Johnson: sample of En- ovid oral contraceptive made by G. D. Searle and Company of Chicago, Illinois (1991.0883).

Juliana C. and Robert M. Jones in memory of their father, Thomas J. Jones: 2 baseballs, one autographed by Babe Ruth and the other au- tographed by Connie Mack (1993.0460).

Jordan: black silk net shawl with a woven floral design, 1920s (1994-0257).

Wayne M. Joseph: notebook and a vid- eotape cassette of the Joseph family genealogy (1994.3098).

Sylvia E. Josif in honor of Simon Yousif Estfan and Victoria Saigh Estfan: miniature camel made from fabric wrapped around lamb’s bones, made by Julia Hanna Saigh (1994.0277).

Phyllis H. Joyce: Spanish military re- volver with leather holster (1994.0255).

Junghans Uhren GmbH (through M. Kiolbassa and Dietrich Rosin): radio- controlled Junghans Mega I wrist watch with original packaging (1993.0367).

Lila Kadaj: 2.75 cubic feet of archival materials related to the singing ca- reers of Amer and Sana Kadaj (1995.3021).

Lawrence J. Kamm: 2 Pickett calculat- ing rules, a Multiflex curve, and a pamphlet of instructions for a Deci- mal-Keeper slide rule (1995.0126).

Linda Lichtenberg Kaplan: woman's silk vest handmade by designer Sao which is number 4 in a limited edi- tion of 50, 1975 (1995.0017).

Edward K. Kaprelian: portrait photogra- phy lens with a sliding barrel, pat- ented by Ulrich Nehring on February 9, 1904 (1994.0332).

Nicoletta Karam: 2 biographical ex- cerpts, a manuscript, and a photo- graph, all pertaining to Arab American author Afifa Karam (1995.3030).

Celine Karraker: 7 diaries of Leo H. Baekeland, 1925-30 (1994.3055); 9 dia- ries of Leo H. Baekeland, 1927-35 (1994.3056); 8 diaries of Leo H. Baeke- land, 1936—42 (1995.3073).

Constance L. Kelly (through Kathryn DuBois Elliott): silver gelatin photo- graph, it’s original glass plate nega- tive, and a frame, photograph taken in 1885 by R. L. Kelly of “The Bull Train” showing 250 head of cattle pulling 30 wagons to haul freight in South Dakota (1995.0002).

Frances Hall King: 2 pin cushions, a set of 3 spools of crochet thread, and a

length of silk ikat stripe fabric (1994.0184).

Todd Alan Kinser: 17 pieces of man’s clothing including 4 pairs of blue jeans, 4 neckties, 2 pairs of jogging shorts, 2 pairs of boxer shorts, a pair of Bermuda shorts, briefs, khaki trou- sers, T-shirt, and a 2-piece suit, and a woman’s black nylon Wonderbra brassiere (1995.0085).

Amy Loeserman Klein: framed color photograph of 2 John Deere com- bines in a soybean field by William Eggleston (1994.0368).

Belle Kogan: 14 pieces of household glass, 7 pieces of ceramics, and a plas- tic tumbler, all designed by Ms. Kogan, 1940-64 (1992.0257).

C. Everett Koop, M.D.: Dr. Koop’s Class A U.S. Public Health Service uniform including a jacket, trousers, shirt, necktie, cap, and a name tag, 1980s (1992.0452).

Government of the Republic of Korea, Ministry of Communications, Bureau of Posts, Postage Stamps and Philat- ely Division (through Kwak Tae- geun): 36 stamps and 12 souvenir sheets of Korea (1993-2043).

Alfred Koury, Jr.: 89 photographs and 0.6 cubic foot of family papers (1994.3III).

Krest Products Corporation (through Rick DiMarzio): 12 burgundy combs made of du Pont Delrin plastic, 1993 (1993.0408).

Mark A. Kritz: Earth Action poster and button, 1970 (1995.3064).

Karen E. Krueger: 16 uniform items worn by Hilda Lois Johnson when serving in the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps during WW II (1992.0488).

Tsugio Kubota: 5 commercial product containers designed by Mr. Kubota and others at Landor Associates (1993-0544).

Rev. Abram G. Kurtz in memory of Ellen Scheifley Kurtz: nearly com- pleted piece of Duchess tape lace mounted on a printed pattern worked by Mrs. Kurtz, early 20th century (1995.0007).

C. B. Landberg: white cotton crocheted minidress, 1967-69 (1994-0194).

Landis & Gyr Powers, Inc. (through Gary P. Lukas): 8 thermostats and regulators, a damper motor, pneumatic switch damper control board, and a balancing relay (1994.0269).

Landor Associates (through Jean Marc Bara): 50 cubic feet of archival mate- rial documenting the designing of product packaging and graphics by Landor Associates after January 1, 1973 (1993-3206).

Walter and Josephine Landor Revocable Trust (through Ted Mitchell): 50 cubic feet of archival material docu- menting the business and personal history of Walter Landor before De- cember 3], 1972 (1995.3036).

George J. Lannen: pamphlet, “Technical Manual, Converter M-209,” prepared by the War Deparcment, Chief Sig- nal Officer, 1942 (1978.3004).

Harry J. Lasell, Sr. in memory of Cmdr. Harvey Lasell, USN (Ret.): cased set of duelling pistols made by E. P. Caron of Paris, France, 1852-74 (1994.0309).

Prof. Kennon A. Lattal: 2 laboratory manuals covering studies of condi- tioned response and operant behavior of animals (1995.3066).

Melvin Lerner (through Adelaide Kaplan and Frances Smyth): 3,158 ob- jects from World's Fairs and Exposi- tions of the 19th and 2oth centuries collected by Larry Zim (1989.0438).

Sidney H. Liebson: 3 deForest AudioT- ron audion tubes (1995.0066).

Dean C. Lincoln: mechanical Bible study device consisting of a scroll with color lithograph scenes, a box- like container for the scroll, and a key used to turn the scroll in the box, 1902 (1994.0164).

Lionel Trains, Inc. (through Richard P. Kughn): 9 Lionel/Smithsonian 20th Century Limited model railroad cars, reproduced from the original cars styled by Henry Dreyfuss in 1938 (1994.0239); (through Nicholas J. DeGrazia and Richard P. Kughn): lo- comotive engine model of the Penn- sylvania Railroad K-4 with tender, trackbase, sound box, and storage

box, and 4 model railroad cars for the

20th Century Limited locomotive model (1995.0030).

Leland L. Locke: 55 calculating machine components, 5 groups of documents concerning George B. Grant, 2 sets of documents and a photograph album about calculating machines, and 2 adding machines (1983.3003).

Mrs. Walter C. Louchheim: man’s brown felt hat, 1950s (1994.3086).

Lewis G. Lowe: 8 commercial product containers designed by Mr. Lowe and Landor Associates (1993-0543).

Steve Lubar: Multi calculating rule set including 2 thermal controls, a sleeve, and an instruction sheet (1995.3051).

Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Entreprise des Postes et Telecommunications, Direction Generale, Office des Timbres: 20 stamps of Luxembourg (1993.2141).

Maria Maccaferri: plastic guitar de- signed by Mario Maccaferri, 1954 (1994.0136).

Dick Mackay: sign,"!NOTICE! Mario Cuomo is NOT here - it is a RUMOR!," which had been posted at a hall where Cuomo was supposed to appear during the New Hamp- shire Primary Campaign, 1992 (1995.0024).

Michael B. Margolius and Kurt F. O'Connor: 2 black Western electric French style telephones of the 1920s and 1930s (1995.0043).

Dr. Frank Maria: 2.5 cubic feet of docu- ments relating to Dr. Maria's career and his involvement in the Syrian Lebanese American Federation (1995.3046).

University of Maryland School of Nurs- ing Alumni Association (through Jean W. Keenan and Judith E. Littlejohn): cotton and lace nurse's cap patterned after the cap worn by Florence Nightingale about 1860 (1995-0139).

Massachusetts General Hospital: set of Mazda foil-filled flash bulbs, manu- factured by General Electric, con- tained in Sylvania packaging (1994-0345).

Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Laboratory for Nuclear Science

283

(through Richard Adams): multiwire proportional chamber, and a pencil drawing of the experiment layout, from the J-particle experiment of Samuel C. C. Ting at Brookhaven, New York, 1973-74 (1989.0050).

McKee Button Company (through Jay McKee): sample box of McKee poly- ester buttons, ca. 1994 (1994.3041).

James Edgar Mead and Virginia Lee Mead: Chinese black lacquered trunk containing 25 pieces of clothing, 3 baby carriers, and a commemorative wall hanging, all used by the Lee B. Lok family, 1885-1935 (1992.0620).

Ruth L. Meehan: woman's jacket of ecru-colored tape lace over white silk gauze, 1901-3 (1995.0149).

Betty J. Meggers: 2 coins of Cuba, 1992, a coin of Bermuda, 1986, silver sports commemorative medal of the city of Santo Domingo, and an unofficial cer- uficate designed for the War Finance Committee by Walt Disney, 1944 (1995.0076).

Curtis G. Mellen: boxed dry-card boat compass made by Samuel Thaxter of Boston, 1792-1822 (1995.0014).

Selma Merkin in memory of Lester Mer- kin: US. silver dollar of 1795, in the “draped bust” design, and a silver proof commemorative Lafayette dol- lar of 1900 (1994.0288).

Government of the United States of Mexico, Servicio Postal Mexicano, Departamento de Asuntos Inter- nacionales, Oficina de Convenios y Aguerdos (through Jorge E. Aldana Margain): 35 stamps of Mexico (1993.2062).

Fred Milkie: 4 convention catalogs from the Western Federation of Lebanese and Syrian Arab American Clubs, 1959-70 (1995.3027).

Irving Miller: 3 brochures and an adver- tising pull-out card, all relating to the Sanforizing process to control cot- ton fabric shrinkage (1993.3202).

Ruby C. Miller: 2 issues of the Farmer's Bulletin. 1921 (1994.3127).

Millipore Corporation (through Thomas Anderson): 2 videotape cas- setres of the Millipore teleseminar ti- tled “Bioresearch Tools for the 1990s”

and a videotape cassette titled

284

“Miligen Bioresearch Sequenet Pro- tein Entrapment Chemistry,” dated July 28, 1989 (1990.3202).

State of Missouri, Department of Natu- ral Resources, Missouri Geology and Land Survey Division (through Dr. James H. Williams): pocket sextant made by E. & G. W. Blunt of New York in the first half of the 19th cen- tury and a carriage odometer which clamped onto a wagon wheel to oper- ate, made by A. S. Aloe of St. Louis in the last half of the r9th century (1994.0147).

University of Missouri—Rolla, Depart- ment of Civil Engineering (through Dr. R. W. Stephenson): surveying compass patented by James M. Lilley of Greenville, Virginia, 1857, and manufactured by F. W. & R. King of Baltimore (1994.0377).

R. Madison Mitchell, Sr.: 9 duck decoys made by Mr. Mitchell in 1975 (1994.0188).

Government of the Principality of Mo- naco, Postes et Telecommunications, Office des Emissions de Timbres- Poste: 29 stamps and a souvenir sheet of Monaco (1993.2147).

Robert Mondavi: Chateau style oak wine barrel made in France by the Seguin Moreau cooperage firm, 1990 (1993-3034).

Mary O. Monte: woman’s navy blue plaid coat with bars of peach, peri- winkle, and magenta colors, 1940 (1995.O114).

Howard W. Mordue: bottle of Hostetter’s Bitters patent medicine and a hanging show globe (1988.0618).

Mrs. John H. Murray: 3 perfume bor- tles, 2 stickpins, a cigarette lighter, stud set, tie bar, and a manicure set, 1910—60 (1994.0061); brownish-pur- ple wool coat, brown felt hat, and the original hat box, all acquired by Mrs. Murray in December 1978, and a brown and white polyester scarf, 1978-79 (1994.0200); 4 stipple en- gravings of street criers published by S. & Jv Fuller of London, 1812 (1995.0094).

Ann B. Muth: woman's camisole style

slip with beige medallion-patterened

lace and openwork embroidery, hand- made in Paris for Laura Fondeville, 1920S (1995.3055)-

Judie C. Neel and Barry O. and Robert M. Weinshenker in memory of Simon Weinshenker: Victory Edition of Pacific Newsweek magazine printed in Tokyo, September Io, 1945 (1986.3086).

Government of the Netherlands, Royal PTT Nederland NV, PTT Post BV (through J. W. A. Mijne): 72 stamps of the Netherlands (1993.2033).

New York Academy of Medicine (through Steven A. Pelovitz, J.D.): 9 vials of radium, 2 blue glass vials, a pharmaceutical hourglass containing radium, radium detector, wire device, and a display case, all related to the work of Drs. Marie Curie and Robert Abbe (1993.0262).

New York Yacht Club (through Robert B. MacKay): club yearbook of 1880 (1993.0506).

Nike, Inc. (through Joseph D. McCar- thy and Mark Thomashow): 4 cubic feet of advertising materials of Nike, Inc. including videotape cassettes, tearsheets, business records, and corre- spondence, 1970-91 (1991.3087).

Joseph Veach Noble: 7 bronze medals 1s- sued by the Society of Medalists in- cluding a 6-medal set picturing dinosaurs designed by Don Everhart and a medal of Old Kabul Bazaar de- signed by Amanullah Haiderzad (1995.0088).

Larry A. Noble: color print titled Sheridan's Ride, by Mr. Noble, ca. 1984 (1984.3065).

George A. Norton: Nikon 8x Super Zoom motion picture camera and 12 accessories (1994.0298); Vernon flash gun reflector, made in Japan (1995.3016).

Government of Norway, Norwegian Post Stamp Bureau: 41 stamps, 7 first day covers, and 3 souvenir sheets of Norway (1993.2089).

Madeleine Noumair: The Syrian Ameri- can Directory Almanac. Vol. 1, pub- lished in 1930 (1994.3014).

State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Depart- ment of Transportation (through John F. Crowley): “Oklahoma US 66”

shield-shaped route marker (1993.0282).

Jean M. Olsen: blue jumper and a black neckerchief worn by Charles Gilette Pratt while serving in the U.S. Navy, 1864-65 (1993-0433).

Gregory Orfalea: book of poems by Mr. Orfalea, 1988 (1994.3100).

Craig A. Orr: photograph of a nurse with patient at Base Hospital #34 in Nantes, France, dated August 14, 1917 (1993-3167).

Raymond A. Osbourn: Keuffel & Esser model 4088-5 slide rule (1994.0376).

Rudy Padilla: 12 panos. painted handker- chiefs made by Mexican American prisoners in New Mexico jails (1993.0150).

Government of the Republic of Pan- ama, Direccion General de Correos y Telegrafos, Departamento de Filatelia: 12 stamps of Panama (1993.2082).

Donna L. Parsons: film about a polluted river made by a high school student for the first Earth Day observance in 1970 (1994.3091).

Ginette V. Patch: 6 woman's dresses and gowns and 6 muslin dress pat- terns, all designed by Mrs. Patch’s mother, Charlotte Villaret, 1945-63, and a Julius Garfinckel & Company clothing box, 1960—90 (1994.0263).

Alice Paul Centennial Foundation, Inc. (through Jill Zahniser): wooden drop- front desk used by Susan B. Anthony

and Alice Paul and 170 pieces of suf- fragette memorabilia which belonged to Alice Paul (1987.0165); 461 photo- graphs, 68 postcards, 43 sets of maga- zines, IO texts, 3 newspaper clippings, 2 folders, a set of nega- tives, and a note, all related to suf- fragette Alice Paul (1991.3016).

Les Paul (aka Lester W. Polfusen): Gibson's “Les Paul” model studio electric guitar, 1984, owned and played by Mr. Paul (1993-0579).

Pierce Chemical Company (through Ralph T. Farmer): 4 sets of Slide-A- Lyzer dialysis cassette units invented by Carl Clark, Ph.D., at Pierce Chem- ical Company (1995.0188).

Dan and Mary Ann Pocapalia: 0.33 cubic foot of archival material docu-

menting the manufacture and sale of Kit mobile homes (1995.3004).

Government of Poland, Muzeum Poczty 1 Telekomunikacji: postal sou- venir card of Poland for Christmas 1992 (1993.204I1).

Christina A. Popenfus: paper fan pictur- ing a girl with hymnal and a bank ad- vertisement, 1945—60 (1994.0152); woman's clothing and accessories 1n- cluding 6 dresses, 4 necklaces, a pair of shoes, black tights, knit leggings, sweater, and an elastic vest clip, 1987— 94 (1995.0084).

Carol E. Porter: coat and vest set, 1975— 80, and an Ancient MacLaren tartan kilt, 1979, all worn by Kent Worth Porter for Scottish country dancing (1993.0468).

The Presidential Museum (through Timothy M. Hewitt): Presidential Directory educational kit containing portraits of the presidents from George Washington to James E. Carter (1994.3079).

Al Prueict and Sons, Inc. (through David J. and Sandra Prueitt): 4 sam- ples of green embroidered silk, leather, and pile carpet used in a 1933 Duesenberg automobile (1993.0554).

Wilhelmine E. Pryor in memory of Lewis A. Pryor: instruction leaflet for using Taylor's adjustable type mold (1994.0382).

Government of the State of Qatar, Min- istry of Communication and Trans- port, Department of Posts (through Abdulrahman Jaber Muftah): 20 stamps of Qatar (1993.2037).

QUALCOMM Incorporated, Om- niTRACS Business Unit (through Dr. Irwin Mark Jacobs): OmniTRACS Complete Satellite Sys- tem consisting of a communications computer, external antenna, and an operator's keyboard and display unit (1994.0384).

Elizabeth Rawlinson: woman’s black silk crepe evening dress with leopard print silk jacket, designed by Geof- frey Beene, 1987-89 (1994.0321).

Keith S. Rerd-Green: 18 sets of docu- mentation relating to tabulating equipment and computers (1994.3128).

Franklin J. Richards: pair of man’s gloves and pair of woman's gloves, both of white kid leather with shell buttons, worn for a wedding in 1912 (1995.0038).

Col. Eri H. Richardson, AIA and USAF (Ret.) and Phyllis Richardson: can- nonball from the War of 1812 exca- vated from the west bank of the Patuxent River in Maryland (1994.0005).

Dorothy Riggle: 2 buttons, 2 letters, and a leaflet, all from recent political campaigns (1995.0026).

Mary Livingston Ripley: woman's black and white diagonally-striped silk tea gown designed by Arnold Constable & Cie, 1885-1900 (1994.0361).

Alice Robinson: Silvertone 12-string electric guitar, ca. 1960, and a hand- made foot-operated electric fotd:lla for bass accompaniment, both played by Jesse Fuller (1994.0053).

Franklin A. Robinson, Jr: 2 “show” T- shirts from plays in which Mr. Robin- son acted including The Pirates of Penzance and White Jacket. 1987 and 1992 (1994.0304).

John Rockett: Mark IV computer pro- gram, 1955-60 (1981.3013).

Stephen J. Rogers: set of experimental telegraph wires, ca. 1850, used by Henry J. Rogers who worked on de- velopment of the first telegraph line in the U.S. (1995.0067).

J. William Rosenthal, M.D.: voodoo pain doll with pins applied and a gris-gris bag worn around the neck to alleviate pain (1994.0059); 3 pairs of Chinese spectacles (1994.0075).

Cathy L. Cox Roznovsky: pair of inflat- able yellow plastic boot forms, 1967- 68 (1994.0294).

Harry R. and Max Eli Rubenstein: child's T-shirt with cartoons by R. Flores, made for the 15th Annual Great Labor Arts Ex- change, Labor Heritage Foundation (1994.0300).

Fath Davis Ruffins: 2 paper patterns for woman's dresses in an African Ameri- can style, 1970-75 (1993.3004).

SAS Philatelic Club (through Niels

Sommer): 21 first flight covers of the

285

Scandinavian Airlines System (1993-2021).

Terry M. Sachs: 6 instruction pam- phlets, 2 boxes for slide rules, and an IBM logic template (1995.3023).

Mehrdad Sadigh: ancient Greek Parth- ian silver drachm with a bust of Parthamaspates (1995.0089).

Frank Salerno: Marchant Figurematic calculating machine, early 1950s (1994-0307).

Helen Samhan: 2 issues of the New Leba- nese American Journal. 1971-73, a New York Times article, photograph of a Lebanon American Society dance, 1947, Gibran International Peace Conference poster and program, 1986, and a dedication catalog and pro- grams for the Kahlil Gibran Memo- rial Garden, 1991 (1995.3076).

Mr. and Mrs. William Santillo: woman's striped silk dress of the 1860s (1994.0360).

Sarns Incorporated (through T. R. Eng- els): model 5000 heart and lung ma- chine with a heater-cooler unit (199 4.0366).

Edward J. Schantz: vial of Botulinum toxin type A, vial of Oculinum, empty vial for Botulinum toxin, photomicrograph of Botulinum toxin crystals, gel diffusion apparatus, mili- tary test kit, and a patent certificate awarded to Mr. Schantz for the test kit in 1958 (1995.0190).

Robert A. Schein, M.D.: American Standard hemacytometer, an apparatus used to count red blood cells, containing a Levy-Hausser counting chamber, ca. 1938 (1994.0032).

Richard S. Schlein: 710 pieces of obso- lete 19th-century paper currency is- sued mostly by state chartered banks in New Jersey and New York, 1807- 1864 (1993.0583); 400 pieces of 19th- century U.S. paper currency (1994-0390).

Clarence Schmarje: 2 button sawheads and a Barry cast iron button tum- bling machine (1993-0511); 8 sets of river shells with holes where buttons were cut out, 3 cards of pearl buttons,

2 sample books, and 2 pearl shell but- tons (1993.3193).

286

Mary Elizabeth Schmidt: 5 sets of pa- pers, 4 sets of photographs, 2 sets of books, and a set of pamphlets, all re- lated to the work of Dorr E. Felt and his development of the Comptometer (1994.3060).

Patricia E. Schneider: Washington Job- ber printing press made by John M. Jones of Palmyra, New York, 1880s (1995.0142).

Alfred H. Schrader: first numbered bul- let using Mr. Schrader’s 8-digit num- ber and letter system (1995.0193).

Raymond A. Schwartz: 2 Stegmann view camera outfits made in Berlin, Germany (1994.0282).

Catherine D. Scott: pair of woman's white

pearlized leather shoes with a pink rose-

bud and leaf motif embroidered and painted on, worn at the second Eisen- hower Presidential Inaugural Ball, Jan- uary 1957 (1995.0078).

Charley Scott: Willis polar planimeter #749, made by James L. Robertson & Sons of New York, patented in 1896 (1994.0356).

Sea Heritage (through Bernard Klay): print of The Charles W. Morgan at Chubb’s Wharf by Moonlight, by John Stobart (1994.0349).

David H. Shayt: Clinton caricature watch whose hands run counterclock- wise, 1994 (1994.0301); “Guide For

Civil Defense Action in the Washing-

ton Warning Area,” published by the U.S. Government Printing Office, 1959 (1995.0060).

Michael Sherman: Condex Io0-key add- ing machine (1995.0018).

Roger E. Sherman: Fuji 35mm dispos- able camera printed with a cigarette advertisement (1995.0175).

George L. Sherwood: hanging ring fora

chandelier patented by William Law-

rence of New Haven, Connecticut, on

March 23, 1831 (1994.0378).

Richard B. Siday: trophy won by Rich- ard R. John for the 1963 Fisher Body Craftsman’s Contest and a “Body by Fisher” nameplate (1994.0046).

Simpro Corporation of America

(through Arnold S. Cohen): 5 Simpro-

X cameras (1995.0039). Edward Simpson: wire rope suspender

assembly, 1883, removed from the

Brooklyn Bridge in the 1980s (1995-0159).

Government of the Republic of Slovenia, Sestavljeno PTT Podjetje (through Janez Gril): 64 stamps and 2 miniature sheets of Slovenia (1993.2044).

Henry W. Smit, Jr. and Linda L. Smit in memory of Martha M. Phillips: 18 insecticides and a package of Kotex sanitary napkins (1993.0348).

SmithKline Beecham, Incorporated (through Douglas B. Cox): 4 objects relating to the first change of pack- aging for Sucrets throat lozenges in 60 years including a Sucrets Early Retirement kit, invitation to the re- tirement party with a Sucrets tin ina rocking chair, a tin of the 1930s, and the new plastic package introduced commercially on October 1, 1994 (1994.0233).

Society for the History of Technology (through James C. Williams): 4.5 cubic feet of archival records of the Treasurer of the society (1995.3010).

Government of the Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands Philatelic Bureau: 66 stamps and 3 souvenir sheets of the Solomon Islands (1993.2109).

Government of the Republic of South Africa, South African Post Office Limited, Philatelic Services and Inter- sapa (through Hennie Diedericks): 50 stamps of South Africa (1993.2068); 59 stamps of South Africa (1993.2132).

Michael Spodak, M.D.: 41 miscella- neous utensils, equipment, and canned food, collected by Dr. Spodak for use in a family fallout shelter (199 4.3131).

Lawrence R. and Harvey G. Stack: 2 $20 U.S. quintuple Stella coins of 1879, one in gold and the other in gilt copper, struck as prototypes for an unsuccessful attempt to make a standard equivalent of European coin- age (1994.0371).

Harvey G. Stack: 3 silver halfdollars of 1861 struck at the U.S. Mint in New Orleans, one struck while the mint was under Federal control, the second struck after the mint was seized by the State of Louisiana, and the third struck after the mint came under the

control of the Confederate States of America (1994.0105).

Fletcher C. Stewart, Sr., M.D., F. Clark Stewart, Jr., and Grace M. Stewart: 2 uniform jackets, 2 pairs of trousers, a bridge coat, hat, pair of shoes, tie, sword, sword belt with scabbard, and a white lab coar, all worn by Dr. Stewart during his career in the USS. Public Health Service (1991.0774).

Jeffrey K. Stine: unopened package of 3 man’s handkerchiefs of white lawn with woven bands of satin, 1950s (1995-0129).

Nancy L. Stipe for the John Stipe Fam- ily including Sydnor Stormy Stipe- Lowrey, Skipper G. Stipe Maas, Shirley M. Stipe-Raines, Sabra Bragg Stipe, Sea Stipe, and Shaddock Lowrey Stipe: split white oak basket with pieces of cotton caught in the plaits from its last use in the fields, made ca. 1960 (1993.0281).

Mary-Alice Stoddard: woman's 4-piece wedding dress of gold-colored velvet with a voided floral pattern, 1880-85 (1994.0275).

Lois Greene Stone: dress designed and made by Mrs. Stone for her eldest daughter's wedding, 1985 (1994.0158); Eicor reel-to-reel tape recorder, ca. 1949, and a Louis Marx and Company toy train transformer (1994.0340).

Isabella Larner Stott: woman's white grosgrain satin wedding gown with brown silk lining, worn by Anna Par- ker Larner on Apri! 8, 1891 (1994.0276).

Susan B. Strange: girl's alligator leather purse, 1954-57 (1995.0016).

Lea E. Sullivan: phonograph record la- beled “Victor Records of Health Exer- cises,” 1908, and a vibrator (1994.0364).

Government of Sweden, Sweden Post Stamps (through Sirkha Lehtinen): 112 stamps and 12 first day covers of Sweden (1993.2113).

Hildegard P. Swick: 7 pieces of paper money from Switzerland, Sweden, and Denmark, 1936-55 (1994.0289).

Government of the Swiss Confedera- tion, Swiss PTT General Directorate: 52 stamps of Switzerland (1993.2150).

Mary N. Symington: U.S. Army winter uniform vest worn by Lt. James McKim Symington during WW II (1993.0009).

Synergistic Designs (through Jennifer C. King): 4 posters and 3 T-shirts about biotechnology (1994.3092).

Judith Jaidinger Szesko: 3 prints made by the wood engraving process by Ms. Szesko (1994.0336).

David A. Taylor: folk art coffin with codfish, made by Daniel Murphy of Dunville, Newfoundland, Canada, 1994 (1994.0330).

Claudette Koodray Tencza: 16 photo- graphs and a videotape cassette (194.3084).

Nan Lane Terry: souvenir pillowcase from the 2nd Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps Training Center in Day- tona Beach, Florida (1993.0015).

Audrey H. Thomas (through Stephen M. Schneebaum): Oakland Motor Car Company All-American 4-door sedan made in Pontiac, Michigan, in 1929 (1993-0483).

Donald D. Thornton: Dover rotary- cranked eggbeater, ca. 1891 (1992.3007).

Marilee Tillstrom: woman's accesso- ries including a powder cake, lip- stick, false eyelashes, white shoe powder, and a clear plastic rainhat, 1940-80 (1994.0373); Thread-Mas- ter needle threader patented in 1883 (1995.0010).

Miriam D. Tod: wooden piece of the steering wheel of the U.S.S. Mazne, 1898 (1994.0183).

Jane Townes: pair of man’s bell-bottom blue denim Levi Strauss jeans and a unisex Woodstock logo T-shirt, 1968— 69 (1994.0250).

Margot Townsend, Inc. (through Rich- ard P. Clark, Jr. and Margot Townsend): 10 pieces of woman’s cos- tume jewelry which are reproduc- tions or adaptations from objects in the National Museum of American History's Division of Costume collec- tions, 1988-93 (1993.0465).

Travenol Labs Incorporated, Fenwal Di- vision (through Roberto Perez): blood warmer and a thermometer

(1993-0414).

Don Troiani: 2 signed lithographs of Civil War subjects by Mr. Troiani (1994.3112).

Linda B. Tucker: 2 Domino granulated cane sugar sacks (1994.3023).

James Tuma: 2 booklets and 2 photocop- ied newsclippings about the Rashid family, 1949-79 (1995.3006).

Government of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Directorate of the Department of Posts (through Aysel N. Erduran): 9 stamps, 4 first day covers, and a souvenir sheet of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cy- prus (1993.203I).

Elise W. Tyree: deep blue cotton-rayon caftan and a pair of green plastic ear- rings, 1970s (1994.0103).

Fred C. Uhlmann: 13 pieces of costume jewelry, 7 original boxes, 2 litho- graphs for store advertisements, a dis- play stand, and a card (1994.0211).

Katherine Uniss-Haddad: Arabic man’s vest, sash, and headband (1993.0590).

Unisys Corporation (through D. R. Curry): 7 UNIVAC [and II com- puter components, a UNIVAC photo- graph notebook, and a Remington Rand pamphlet, 1950s (1982.0638).

U.S. Department of Defense, Depart- ment of the Air Force, Air Force In- telligence Support Agency (through Brad Houston): 2 light machine guns, 2 submachine guns, 2 auto- matic rifles, a semiautomatic rifle, semiautomatic carbine, bolt action rifle, and a rifle (1992.0007); Head- quarters Air Force Military Personnel Center (through Victor Arnold-Bik): Taurus pistol with accessories, made in Brazil, ca. 1983 (1994.0326); Yugo- slavian cased semiautomatic pistol with accessories, 1986 (1994.0329); Robins Air Force Base, Georgia: leaf assembly shutter (1995.0033); 7th Communications Group (through Lr. Col. Richard H. Hange): Western Electric tactical switchboard position #4 used at the Pentagon from WW II to the early 1990s (1994.0128).

U.S. Department of Defense, Depart- ment of the Army, Corps of Engi- neers, Canal Park Museum (through C. Patrick Labadie): piece of iron

hull from the steamship Surveyor. one

287

of the first iron ships built in Amer- ica, 1842 (1995.0042); Headquarters (through Victor Arnold-Bik): Pioneer model Rossi cased pistol, made in Brazil, 1986 (1994.0327); U.S. Total Army Personnel Com- mand (through Victor Arnold-Bik): rifle with case made in the Federal Republic of West Germany, 1988 (1994.0331).

U.S. Department of Defense, Depart- ment of the Navy, Naval Research Laboratory (through C. Woods): spec- trograph made by Adam Higler Lim- ited of London, NaCl rock salt prism, and a CaF2 prism (1995.0048); U.S. Marine Corps, Museums Branch, Ma- rine Corps Combat Development Command (through Jennifer L. Cas- tro): 2 shoulder knots of 2nd lieuten- ant grade worn by Brig. Gen. Woodrow M. Kessler in 1937, and a leather storage box (1993.0182).

U.S. Department of Defense, Director of Administration and Management, OSD (through Victor Arnold-Bik): Helwan semiautomatic pistol with ac- cessories, 1988 (1994.0328); silver handgun with accessories and a dou- ble action revolver with case, 1994 (1995.0141).

U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (through Christine Bach): streaking camera, framing camera, capacitor discharge unit, dual air control unit, telescope attachment, and a rotor, all developed to record and analyze ther- monuclear tests, 1940s—50s (1992.0609); Superconducting Super Collider Project Office (through An- tonio Acuna, Jr. and Edward G. Cumesty): rock bolt used in tunnel construction (1995.0095).

U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Mar- shals Service (through Cary H. Cope- land): 1948 Tucker 4-door sedan, 39th of 51 such automobiles made (1993-0484).

U.S. Department of State, Office of the Chief of Protocol (through Vic- tor Arnold-Bik): cased double bar- rel shotgun made in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1990 (1994.0325).

288

U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bu- reau of the Mint: 855 U.S. and for- eign coins and medals, pre-1923 (1992.0121); 491 U.S. and foreign coins and medals received between 1923 and 1957 (1993.0205); U.S. Cus- toms Service, Armament Research and Development Center (through Carol Barr): 19 pistols and revolvers and 10 carbines of U.S. and foreign manufacture, 20th century (1986.0220); U.S. Mint (through Philip N. Diehl): 13 U.S. commemo- rative coins and a piece of commemo- rative paper currency, 12 uncirculated coins, Io proof coins, and a medal commemorating Secretary of the Treasury Lloyd Bentson, 1979-94 (1994.0235); 4 gold and a silver eagle proof coins, 4 coins commemorating veterans and the U.S. Capitol, and a bronze medal commemorating Joe Lewis (1994.0372); Marketing Depart- ment (through Christy Bidstrup): ob- verse and reverse plasters used to cast dies for striking the Thomas Jeffer- son commemorative silver dollar, 1993 (1994.0319).

U.S. Legislative Branch, Library of Con- gress, Exchange and Gift Division, American-British Exchange Section (through Joseph P. Molnar): DeJur Grundig Stenorette B dictating ma- chine with accessories (1992.0343); Manuscript Division (through David C. Mearns): hand seal of the Associa- tion of Acting Assistant Surgeons, U.S. Army, 1888 (1994.0004).

U.S. Resolution Trust Corporation (through Steve McGregor): 2 Spanish silver coins dated 1492 and 1741 (1994.0110); Public Affairs (through Joe B. Taylor): April 9, 1800 issue of The Spectator newspaper of New York carrying the story “Franking Privledge to Martha Washington” (1994.0114).

U.S.S. Alabama Battleship Memorial Park (through Charles M. Breland): 7 pieces of U.S. Navy officer’s ward- room china service including 2 bowls, a dish, plate, cup, saucer, and a mug, WW II (1994.0181).

United States Singer Company (through William D. Enerson): 13

sewing machine accessories, 2 empty accessory boxes, and a cast iron trea- dle stand (1993.0573).

Unknown: 2 Revere Camera Company photographic enlargers (1994.0281).

Muriel I. Urban: military style revers- ible raincoat and topcoat and a gray wool felt bag, 1943 (1995.0065).

Chantal and Jan L. Vagassky: 13 silver imitation Roman coins (1994.0107).

Margaret E. Vaill: 66 molded plastic ob- jects and sets of objects reflecting the career of Edward W. Vaill in early plastic technology (1994.3122); 45 molded plastic objects and sets of ob- jects (1995.3053).

Government of the Vatican, Ufficio Filatelico - Numismatico: 36 stamps of the Vatican (1993.2143).

John J. Vicari: 0.33 cubic foot of cata- logs and newsletters documenting the partial history of the Midwest Federation of American Syrian-Leba- nese Clubs, Inc. (1994.3018).

Will Vinton Productions (through Todd Norgaard): 44 objects includ- ing animation figures, materials used co make figures, advertising papers and videotapes, and promotional goods, all related to California Raisin advertisements using Claymation ani- mated figures (1991.3182).

Robert Vogel: 5 photographs and a Pathex motion picture projector (1994.0148).

Barbara H. Walker: woman's clothing including an evening dress, matching shoes, and a shoebag of 1888-1900, and an off-white organdy dress, para- sol, parasol cover, and silk slip of 1906-10 (1994.0112).

Mary Linn Wallace: Jane Addams Peace Dove medallion and its original Jap- anese lacquered box (1995.0023).

Warden Leathers, Incorporated (through Warren Dennie): maple wood block used to hand cut leather to make gloves, used at Zimmer Gloves of Gloversville, New York (1994.0268).

Warner-Lambert Company (through Melvin R. Goodes): 4 bottles of Listerine mouthwash including a corked bottle of 1895-1906, and the last 2 glass bottles produced and the

first plastic bottle packaged on Au- gust 9, 1994 (1995.0013).

Virginia C. Warren: woman's brown faille and patterned plush dress disassembled into I3 pieces, 1885 (1994.0347).

Bertha A. and Herbert Waters: wooden block, drawing, overlay, and a final print of the wood engraving My Stx- dto by Mr. Waters, 1982 (1995.0122).

George Watson: man’s brown straw hat with a black silk hatband, 1840-90 (1995.0037).

Merle G. Waugh: Dress Gordon tartan kilt, made by a member of Mr. Waugh’s family in 1906, and a Bal- moral style cap, possibly of the 1930s (1993-0352).

Nancy S. Webb: paperback book, How to Survive an Atomic Bomb. by Richard Gerstell, 1950 (1994.0287).

Siham Wehbe: 8 magazines and 4 books in Arabic including the D.A.R. Man- ual for Citizenship, 1920-40 (1994.3109).

Elizabeth Lucile Lenfers Westby (through Paul deHoll): framed em- broidered picture of a dairy farm scene signed and dated by “Lucile L. Westby Apr 1980” (1994.3048).

Ellen R. Wheeler: woman's dark blue wool jacket, 1885-1910 (1994.0312). Roger B. White: American Revolution Bicentennial license plate, 1976

(1994.0047).

Dr. Ronald S. Wilkinson: Dobsonian- mounted 13.1 inch reflecting tele- scope made by the Coulter Optical Company, ca. 1982 (1994.0399).

Edith R. Williams: woman's black and off-white slubbed tweed pantsuit and a photograph of Mrs. Williams’ mother wearing the suit, 1924-25 (1995-0113).

Sule Gregory C. Wilson: 6 publicity buttons, 3 T-shirts, 2 posters, and a brochure, all reflecting African Amer- ican college and social life (1993.0567); 3 T-shirts and a man’s shirt, 1961-89, all with African Amer- ican slogans or designs (1994.0251).

The Windsor Historical Society of Windsor, Connecticut, Inc. (through Robert T. Silliman): pair of man’s blue and white checked cotton over-

alls, 1930-45 (1994-0353).

University of Wisconsin, College of Ag- ricultural and Life Sciences, Depart- ment of Bacteriology (through Prof. Ronald D. Hinsdill, Ph.D.): 20 ob- jects from early science laboratories and the study of bacteriology and mo- lecular biology (1995.0191).

The Wolper Organization (through David Wolper): set of hand shackles used in the television miniseries “Roots,” 1977, and a rag doll used in the television miniseries “Queen,” 1992 (1993.0170).

Priscilla Q. Wood: 11 sets of shoulder pads, 1985-90 (1994.0335).

Woolworth Corporation (through Au- brey C. Lewis and E. J. Swain): 26 ob- jects including a lunch counter with footrest, 4 stools, 3 mirrors, 2 cornice pieces, a soda fountain, milk shake container and glass, napkin holder, pie case, salt shaker, waitress’ uni- form and notebook, and 8 signs, all from the Greensboro, North Caro- lina, Woolworth store where 4 stu- dents conducted the first sit-in against segregated lunch counters in 1960 (1994.0156).

Eugene C. Worman, Jr.: lithograph by Mrs. Orra Hitchcock of the “Gorge Between Holyoke and Tom” used in a book about the geology of Massa- chusetts, 1830s (1994.0362).

Yamaha Corporation of America (through Terry Lewis): 24-piece cus- tom maple drum set (1994.3072).

Rose C. Yanney: 2 convention booklets of Federated Syrian, Lebanon Clubs of America, 1947 and 1948 (1994.3108).

William H. Yeignsct: Wham-O sling- shot, ca. 1950, Kimball fiberglass bowl, 1950s, and a Tuppercraft plastic box set, 1960s (1995.0109).

Richard C. Young: 2 Landor Associ- ates T-shirts and a Hills Brothers coffee can printed with an Ansel Adams photograph, 1969 (1993.0542).

Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe, Posts and Telecommu- nications Corporation, Philatelic Bureau: 8*"Owls of Zimbabwe” postage stamps, 1993 (1993.2059); 12 “Pottery of Zimbabwe” stamps (1993.2103).

Barry and Margaret A. Zorthian: Safe- Guard Model Y checkwriter and a vial of Protex ink (1993.0289).

National Postal Museum

Donors of Financial Support

$500, 000 or more

Pitney Bowes Inc.

$100,000

Jeanette Cantrell Rudy

$50,000 or More

National Grange

Norfolk Southern Foundation

$10, 000 or more

Friden Neopost

Subaru of America

Alvin and Marjorie Kantor

David and Donald Sundman

Florence Corder-Witter

United States Postal Service

Leo August

Envelope Manufacturers Association of America

$5, 000 or more

Avery Dennison

Lillian Turner

Jimmy Dean Foods

AT&T

Rodale Press

Meredith Publishing

National Association of Postmasters of the United States

Hallmark, Inc.

Prudential Insurance Company

Ducks Unlimited, Inc.

$1, 000 or more

Book-of-the-Month Club

Joan M. Berkley

Advertising Mail Marketing Association Amos Press

Donors to the Collection

A collecting moratorium, imposed in 1992 1n conjunction with the reloca- tion of the collections from the Na- tional Museum of American History to the National Postal Museum, re- mained in effect for the National Postal Museum during 1995.

Donors of In-Kind Support

Pitney Bowes Inc. Significant technical support to maintain mailing and ad- dressing kiosks and exhibition development.

Subaru of America. A 1995 “Outback Legacy” station wagon for the museum's use.

Avery Dennsion. Technical support for an upcoming exhibit.

Westinghouse. Technical support for an upcoming exhibit.

Weigh-Tronix. Technical support for an upcoming exhibit.

Excelsior Publishing. Printing an educa- tional pamphlet.

National Museum of the American Indian

Donors to the Collection

Anita Alvarez de Williams. Cucapa fishtrap.

Douglas Coffin. Grandfather Pole, sculp- ture by Douglas Coffin (Potawatomi- Creek) from This Path We Travel exhibition.

Henry Curtis. Painting on sealskin from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska.

Estate of Patricia C. Dodge. Northwest Coast basket and Chavin-Chimu str-

rup pot from Peru.

290

Eel River Micmac Community. Gesgapegiag Micmac ash splint basket.

Monica Flaherty. Records of petro- glyphs in Puerto Rico.

Peter B. Greenough. Passamaquoddy club.

Marian Kaminitz. Achuar comb, Ecu- ador; Bush Negro comb; palm fiber bag from Maka, Paraguay.

T)jyraru Karaja. Two Karaja wetaara (dance belts).

Helen Katchmar. Collection of South- west jewelry and artifacts.

Barbara Knapp. Pair of Naskap: snow- shoes.

Naralie K. Kutz. Three dolls, made by Bobbie Bear (Ottawa).

Estate of Joan W. Leidesdorf. Collection of southeast pottery and jewelry.

Ellen Loewenthal. Four Eskimo-An- aktuvuk Pass masks.

Robert A. Logan. Assorted Eastern Woodlands materials (six objects).

Janis M. Maxwell. Plains pipe bag.

Mid-America Arts Alliance. Assorted Hopi materials (seven objects).

Peyton S. Moncure. Two blankets, pair of moccasins, and necklace from trad- ing post in Busby, Montana.

Darlene Raskind. Navajo sandpainting from the Whiteshell Arrow people.

Mrs. Moreland Griffith Smith. One blackware vessel (“Maria/Popovi") and set of three katsinas by H Namaquaptewa (Hopi).

Charles Steiner. Plenty Coups. sculpture in bronze.

Liane Fenelon Waite. Seminole skirt.

Tony L. Weldon. Learning How to Fly, pencil drawing by Tony L. Weldon (Cherokee).

National Portrait Gallery

Donors of Financial Support

$50,000 or more

Scripps Howard Foundation

$10, 000 or more

The Barra Foundation, Inc. Fannie Mae Foundation The Shubert Foundation, Inc.

$5,000 or more

Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association Clark 1983 Charitable Trust

$1,000 or more

Esthy and James Adler Philanthropic Fund in The Foundation for the Na- tonal Capital Region

Bank One, Springfield

Mr. and Mrs. Alan Fern

Rosemary L. Frankeberger

Leslie Goldberg Charity Fund of the Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund

Jack Haas

Chester H. Lasell

Harold and Judy Prince

Gordon Tindale and W.H. Smith Group (USA) Inc.

The Clarence and Jack Himmel Foundation

$250 or more

Sidney Hart

Mr. and Mrs. Barry Pierce Elena Klionsky Pipko Turner Associates, Inc.

Donors to the Collection— Painting and Sculpture

Anonymous gift in memory of the Charles Carroll Simms Family. Wi/- liam Gilmore Simms, oil on canvas, by an unidentified artist (NPG.95.020).

Eleanor Morein Foster. Jenny Lind. 1852, oil on canvas, by Francis Bicknell Carpenter (NPG.94.123).

Mr. and Mrs. C. Joseph Giroir, Jr. Wil- liam Jefferson Clinton. 1994, bronze bust, by Jan Woods (NPG.94.126).

IBM Corporation. Thomas J. Watson, Sr., 1956-57, oil on canvas, by Albert K. Murray (NPG.94.125).

Everett Raymond Kinstler. Charles Ad- dams. 1975, oil on canvas, by Everett Raymond Kinstler (T/NPG.94.124.98).

Estate of Herbert Leldon Kirk. Col. Lewis Morris, ca. 1800, watercolor on ivory, by an unidentified artist (S/NPG.95.115); and Anne Elliott Mor- ris. ca. 1800, watercolor on ivory, by an unidentified artist (S/NPG.95.116).

The Beneficiaries of the Andrew Longa- cre Estate. Coins and medals de- signed by James Barton Longacre (AD/NPG.95.1.1 - 10).

Jonathan Prude. Agnes de Mille. oil on fi- berboard, by Elizabeth Montgomery (T/NPG.95.118.03); and Martha Gra- ham. oil on fiberboard, by Elizabeth Montgomery (T/NPG.95.019.01).

Robert Gordon Stewart. Suit of cloth- ing worn by Stewart in his 1969 por- trait by Alice Neel (AD/NPG.94.2).

Joan Lieber Sweeney. Frederick W. MacMonnies. 1922, oil on canvas, by James Montgomery Flagg (NPG.94.86).

Harold Tovish. e. e. cammings. 1994 cast of 1962 original, death mask, made by Harold Tovish (NPG.95.7).

Billy Dee Williams. Self-Portrait with Gardenia, 1993, acrylic on canvas (S/NPG.94.92).

Donors to the Collection— Prints and Drawings

Alfred and Elizabeth Bendiner Founda- tion. 5 caricature drawings, ink on paper, Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne, 1943, Ethel Merman and Burt Lahr. 1939, Van Cliburn, c. 1955, Alfred and Elizabeth Bendiner, c. 1950, Helen Hayes. 1943, by Alfred Bendiner (NPG.95.63-67).

Heywood Hale Broun. Heywood Camp- bell Broun, c. 1935, pencil on paper, by Joseph Hirsch (NPG.94.111).

Lydia Freeman. 7 drawings on paper, Boris Aronson, Joe E. Brown, William Glackens, Henry Kaiser, Buster Keaton, two drawings of Arnold Schoenberg. by Don Freeman (NPG.95.135-141).

Everett Raymond Kinstler. Joan Fon- taine, 1993, charcoal on paper, by Ev- erett Raymond Kinstler

(S/NPG.94.112). Al Hirschfeld, 1993, charcoal on paper, by Everett Ray- mond Kinstler (T/NPG.94.113.). Rob- ert Motherwell. 1985, pencil on paper, by Everett Raymond Kinstler (T/NPG.94.114.01).

Ruth Munson. Nolan Ryan, 1993, water- color on paper, by Ruth Munson (T/NPG.95.044.).

Bernard Perlin. Erick Hawkins, 1942, silverpoint on paper, by Bernard Per- lin (NPG.95.028). Patrick Hurley, 19443-1944, pencil on paper, by Ber- nard Perlin (S/NPG.95.031). Vincent Price, 1942, silverpoint on paper, by Bernard Perlin (NPG.95.029). Glenway Wescott. 1946, silverpoint on paper, by Bernard Perlin (NPG.95.030).

Milton Rose. Nathaniel Lyon. c. 1861, lithograph, by T. Sinclair (NPG.95.71). Stephen Grover Cleveland and Thomas Andrews Hendricks, 1884, engraving, by James R. Rice (NPG.95.72).

Edward Sorel. The Warner Mob. 1983, color halftone poster, by Edward Sorel (S/NPG.95.003). Thinking Tuna Fish, Talking Death. 1988, color half- tone poster, by Edward Sorel (S/NPG.95.002).

Erwin P. Vollmer. Aline Fruhauf. 1928, pencil on paper, by Alexander Calder (NPG.95.32).

Donors to the Collection— Photographs

Herbert H. Coburn. Judith Anderson, 1937, gelatin silver print by Carl Van Vechten (S/NPG.95.10).

William Coupon. George Herbert Walker Bush, 1991, Iris print on watercolor paper by William Coupon (NPG.95.21).

Edward Brooks DeCelle. Lawrence Ferlinghetti, 1974, gelatin silver print by Crawford W. Barton (T/NPG.94.100.).

Keith de Lellis. Cecz/ B. DeMille. c. 1930, gelatin silver print by George Hurrell (S/NPG.95.118); Mae West, 1935, gelatin silver print by C. Ken- neth Lobben (S/NPG.95.119).

Elsa Dorfman. Adlen Ginsberg and Peter Orlovsky, 1983, Polaroid Polacolor print by Elsa Dorfman (T/NPG.95.17).

Eastman Kodak Company. Summit of the Americas, 1995, chromogenic print by Eduardo Galliani (NPG.95.77).

Louis and Jude Patch Guglielmino. Ge- ronimo, c. 1886, albumen silver print by C.S. Fly (NPG.95.117).

Claire Kaland. 19 lantern slides of Civil War scenes, various dates, by Mathew Brady Studio (S/NPG.95.121; AD/NPG.95.2.1-18).

Danny Lyon and the Jan Kesner Gal- lery. John Lewis, 1962, gelatin silver print by Danny Lyon (T/NPG.95.16).

Rollie McKenna. James Merrill, 1995 from 1969 negative, gelatin silver print by Rollie McKenna (T/NPG.95.74.05); Sylvia Plath, 1995 from 1959 negative, gelatin silver print -by Rollie McKenna (NPG.95.75); Anne Sexton. 1995 from 1961 negative, gelatin silver print by Rollie McKenna (NPG.95.76).

Estate of Hans Namuth. 52 gelatin sil- ver portrait prints, various dates by Hans Namuth (NPG.95.)

Maurice Roth. Mabel Mercer. 1978, chro- mogenic print by James D. Wilson (S/NPG.95.73).

Mrs. Albert B. Sabin. Adbert B. Sabin, 1982, gelatin silver print by unidenti- fied photographer (T/NPG.95.79.03).

William and Drew Schaeffer. A/fred E. Smith, c. 1925, photographic montage by unidentified photographer (NPG.94.101).

Ruth and Richard Shack. 2 gelatin sil- ver prints of Jane Alexander, 1992, by Timothy Greenfield-Sanders (S/NPG.94.279-80); Hillary Rodham Clinton. 1994, gelatin silver print by Timothy Greenfield-Sanders (S/NPG.94.281).

Frances O. Tames. 99 gelatin silver por- trait prints, various dates, by George Tames (NPG.94.144-242).

Diana Walker. William Jefferson (“Bill”) Clinton, 1993, chromogenic print by Diana Walker (NPG.95.107); George Herbert Walker Bush, 1990, chromo- genic print by Diana Walker (NPG.95.108); Ronald Wilson Reagan.

291

1986, chromogenic print by Diana Walker (NPG.95.109); Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. 1987, chromo- genic print by Diana Walker (S/NPG.95.110); William Jefferson (“Bill”) Clinton and Albert Gore, 1994, chromogenic print by Diana Walker (S/NPG.95.111); William Jefferson (“Bill”) Clinton, 1994, chromogenic print by Diana Walker (S/NPG.95.112); George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Bush, 1988, chromo- genic print by Diana Walker (S/NPG.95.113),; William Jefferson “Bill” Clinton. 1994, chromogenic print by Diana Walker (S/NPG.95.114).

Sandra Weiner. Dan Werner, c. 1949, gel- atin silver print by Sandra Weiner (NPG.94.99); Ed Zern, 1985, gelatin silver print by Sandra Weiner (T/NPG.94.98.04).

Donald Windham. Donald Windham and Sandy Camptell, 1955, gelatin sil- ver print by Carl Van Vechten (S/NPG.95.78); 15 gelatin silver por- trait prints, various dates, by George Platt Lynes (S/NPG.94.264-78).

Library

Herbert Waide Hemphill. Thirty-nine (39) boxes of of folk art books, exhibi- tion catalogs and vertical file items.

Archives of American Art. Four (4) boxes of art magazines and newslet- ters and three (3) boxes of small press publications.

Merry Foresta. Five (5) boxes of bio- graphical information, exhibition an-

nouncements and small catalogs.

Donors of In-Kind Support

Eastman Kodak Company. Kodak Photo CD Player.

Capital Plastics Company, Inc. Vitrines and book cradles displayed in the ex- hibition “In Pursuit of the Butterfly: Portraits of James McNeil Whistler.”

Capitol Paint Center. Paint and paint supplies for the installation of the ex- hibition “In Pursuit of the Butterfly: Portraits of James McNeil Whistler.”

292

General Typographers, Inc. Produc- tion of film positives used in preparation of graphics for the exhibition “In Pursuit of the But- terfly: Portraits of James McNeil Whistler.”

Heritage Flag Co., Inc. Outdoor ban- ner used to publicize the exhibition “In Pursuit of the Butterfly: Por- traits of James McNeil Whistler.”

Normandy Carpet Care Co. Cleaning of gallery space carpeting in support of the exhibition “In Pursuit of the But- terfly: Portraits of James McNeil Whistler.”

Schneidereith & Sons. Printing of invitations for preview reception for the exhibition “In Pursuit of the But- terfly: Portraits of James McNeil Whistler.”

Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition service, SITES

Donors of Financial Support $ 500, 000 or more

Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A. $50,000 or more

The Boeing Company

$10,000 or more

Rockefeller Foundation

Educational and Cultural Programs

Center for Folklife

Programs and Cultural Studies

Donors of Financial Support

$100, 000 or more

The Ford Foundation

$10, 000 or more

Cape Verdean American Folklife Festi- val, Wareham Folklife Comm.

William H. & Camille O. Cosby

Embassy of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas

Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian

Fundacao Luso-Americana

New Bedford Cape Verdean Smithson- 1an Committee

NYNEX Corporation

Pontificia Universidad Catolica Del Peru

The Rex Foundation

David Schoenbach

Trust for Mutual Understanding

$5,000 or more

Fleet Charitable Trust Ford Motor Company Organization of American States

$1,000 or more

Bell Atlantic of Washington, D.C.

Cape Verdean Club of Falmouth, Inc.

Cape Verdean Cultural Preservation Council

Cookson-America, Inc.

Elizabeth G. Cushman

Czech Heritage Society of Texas

Foundation of Cabo Verde, Inc.

Kathryn Rinzler

Toshi Aline Seeger

$500 or more

Adler Pollock & Sheehan Louise Andrade

Arts in Progress, Inc.

Citizens Bank of Massachusetts Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Melvin and Ryna Cohen

James C. Early

Edwards & Angell

Julius Gonsalves & Son

Shirley Gould

Guest Services Inc.

Martin & Marianne Harwit Bess Lomax Hawes

Hope St. KFC, Inc.

Hospital Trust

Institute for Community Research, Inc. International Packaging Corp. Charlene James-Duguid Kilmartin Charitable Corp. Richard Kurin

The Monet Group

New England Trust Company Marion Surling Pugh

Mr. and Mrs. S. Dillon Ripley Rockland Trust Company Peter and Martha Seitel Tillinghast Collins & Graham White House Historical Association

$250 or more

Associacao Caboverdiana De Brockton Francisco L. & Lynne M. Borges

Cape Verdean Women’s Social Club, Inc. Gerald Cerny

Cooper & Sanchez

Gordon D. Fox

Harris Co. Czech Heritage Society Hope Webbing Company

Carolyn Long

Doug Wonderlick

Donors to the Collection

Cape Verde Delegation. Clay figure of woman with mortar and pestle; clay figure of woman grinding corn with stone; clay figure of man playing a drum for cola procession; and clay fig- ure of man playing ourim game, all made by Tito from Mindelo, San Vincente, Cape Verde.

Cape Verde Delegation. Woven pano (body cloth), a round stone corn grinder, and a clay cuscus por with steamer.

Center for Popular Music, Murfrees- boro, Tennessee. 200 LPs donated to the archives.

Czech Republic participants. Three small painted eggs, one large painted egg, and two corn husk dolls, one of a woman carrying firewood.

Flying Fish. Recordings donated to the archives.

Rebel/County Records. Recordings do- nated to the archives.

Russian participanc. Recording, The Nekrasov Cossacks: Russian and Turkish Songs and Tunes.

Shanachie. Recordings donated to the archives.

Donors of In-Kind Support

Ben & Jerry's. Two cases of Peace Pops for the Festival of American Folklife.

Dunkin’ Donuts. Three dozen donuts for the Festival of American Folklife.

Farberware, Inc. Two coffee urns for par- ticipant hospitality at the Festival of American Folklife.

Faxland Corporation. Loan of two fax machines for administrative use at the Festival of American Folklife.

Fischer's Hardware. Office supplies for the Festival of American Folklife.

Frito-Lay, Inc. Twelve cases of chips for the Festival of American Folklife.

Herr's Food, Inc. Several cases of potato chips for participant hospitality at the Festival of American Folklife.

Johnson's Flower & Garden. A $25 gift certificate for the Festival of Ameri- can Folklife.

KMart. A $25 gift certificate for mer- chandise for the Festival of American Folklife.

Krispy Kreme Donuts. Ten dozen donuts for the Festival of American Folklife’s volunteer orientation.

Little Caesar's Pizza. Several large pizzas for the technical crew working on the Festival of American Folklife.

Melitta North America, Inc. Ground coffee for participant hospitality at the Festival of American Folklife.

Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. Donation of 8,000 single-portion cartons of juice for participant hospitality at the Festival of American Folklife.

Pepperidge Farm. Cookies for partici- pant hospitality at the Festival of American Folklife.

Recording Industries Music Perfor- mance Trust Funds. Honoraria for the musicians from the United States at the Festival of American Folklife.

Reliacare Medical Systems. Loan of four wheelchairs for the Festival of Ameri- can Folklife.

Safeway. A $25 gift certificate for grocer- ies for foodways demonstrations at the Festival of American Folklife.

Shoppers Food Warehouse. A $25 gift certificate for groceries for foodways demonstrations at the Festival of American Folklife.

Snyders of Hanover. Several cases of po- tato chips for participant hospitality at the Festival of American Folklife.

The Sugar Association, Inc. 400 pounds of sugar for participant hospitality and foodways demonstrations at the Festival of American Folklife.

USDA Subtropical Horticultural Re- search Sration. Approximately 900 stalks of sugar cane for use in demon- strating a sugar mill from Cape Verde at the Festival of American Folklife.

Wilkins Coffee. Ground coffee for par- ticipant hospitality at the Festival of American Folklife.

William B. Riley Coffee Company. Twenty-four pounds of coffee for par- ticipanc hospitality at the Festival of American Folklife.

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Donors of Financial Support

$50,900 or more

Brother International Corporation

Pacific Murual Foundation

293

National Campaign Office

Donors of Financial Support

$100, 000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. James A. Block

The Coca-Cola Foundation

The George Gund Foundation

George Gund III

Ru Lennox Lang

Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation

Merrill Lynch and Company

Eugene and Clare Thaw Charitable Trust

Jerry R. White

Zemurray Foundation

$50, 000 or more

The Chase Manhattan Bank N.A.

The Educational Foundation of America

Victor and Loretta Kaufman

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

Carroll and Nancy O'Connor

Time Warner Inc.

$10, 000 or more

Aspen Celebration for the American In- dian

The Chickasaw Nation

Consolidated Edison Company of New York

Coopers & Lybrand

Valerie T. and Charles M. Diker

The Walt Disney Company

The Heard Museum

Norman Hirschfield Foundation

Gene Keluche

The Knowles Foundation

Henry and Lucy Moses Fund, Inc.

Newman’s Own, Inc.

The New York Times Company Foundation

Olympus Corporation

Procter and Gamble Company

Ann R. Roberts

Helen Roberts

William D. Rollnick

Samuel and May Rudin Foundation, Inc.

Seminole Tribal Museum Authority Spring Creek Art Foundation

Paul and Helga Tarver

Ellen Napiura Taubman

Turner Entertainment Group

$5, 000 or more

Ann Simmons Alspaugh

Joseph Boyle

Bozell Worldwide Inc.

Corning Incorporated Foundation Joseph and Barbara Cowen Foundation Carl and Wally Davis

DeGrazia Art and Cultural Foundation Grey Advertising, Inc.

IBM Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. J. Rukin Jelks

Kenner & Company, Inc.

James N. Krebs

Joe and Emily Lowe Foundation Richard & Jane Manoogian Foundation The Nature Company

Neutrogena Corporation

Antoinette Peskoff

Research Foundation of the City Univer-

sity of New York Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation Charles Simon Norman-Rita Tishman Fund, Inc.

$ 1, 000 or more

Alexander Gallery

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Arnold Aronson

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Bank of Hawaii

Bankers Trust New York Corporation

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Mr. and Mrs. Howard R. Berlin

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CBS Entertainment Productions

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City Parks Foundation, Inc.

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Lindenbaum Family Charitable Trust

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Oklahoma State Regents Peabody Essex Museum

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Polo/Ralph Lauren Corporation Joel Portugal

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Adrianne W. Silver

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Terner Foundation J. Walter Thompson Company The Times Mirror Company Alan & Peg Tishman Foundation, Inc. John and Daniel Tishman Fund Twenty-First Century Limited

Corporation Ruby Uthman

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Mr. and Mrs. Horace W. Baker JoAnn and Bob Balzer Chemical Bank

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D. Moritz

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C. Osterman

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Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

Ramscale

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Mr. and Mrs. Richard Wright

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295

$250 or more

Anonymous

Phyllis K. Abell Alethea A. Adams Rebecca Alexander American Indian Store Amerind Gallery Marilyn Anderson Thelma L. Antal

F. Arcuri

L. B. Armentrout AT&T Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Victor G. Atuyeh Dr. Virginia M. Ayres D. R. Baines

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Marie K. Bell

Donald Belz

Hans and Jutta Bertram-Nothnagel Bill's Trading Post Connie Binghier Martha O. Blaxall Richard Block, Jr. Evangeline G. Bollinger Moe Bordwin

Mary Ann Borkowski Wilbur C. Bragg, I

I. H. Brennan

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Dr. Jean Cramer Brown and S. H. Oliver Lawrence D. Brown Nomie Budelier Christine Budzyski David Burr

CBR Inc.

Ed and Shirley Cheramy Billie J. Cherry

Citicorp

Robert K. Clawson Tom Conlon

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296

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Jim Gerth Galleries

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Bea Gian

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April and Joseph Heindl

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Illinois Tool Works Foundation The Indian Craft Shop

K. Irons

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Mrs. Osmond Molarsky Marilyn Monkman

Sheila C. Montooth

Ray Moody

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Peter A. Morgan

Mrs. James Moriarty

Jack R. Mummert

Ellen E. Murphy Kimberly Murphy

Mrs. Alfred K. Murway, Jr. Mrs. Carl Muschenheim

Nanticoke Indian Association, Inc.

Native American Perspectives I. Nazar

P.B. Newman

Mr. and Mrs. Henry V. Nickel Mr. and Mrs. G. S. Nolte Joseph E. Nordsieck

The Contributing Membership of the

Smithsonian

Institution in Fiscal

Year 1995

The Contributing Membership supports the Institution

through generous annual donations and special giving

opportunities. Members’ participation enables the

Smithsonian to pursue specific projects and broader

research, acquisition, preservation, and education efforts

than might otherwise be possible.

The Smithsonian Institution therefore gratefully

acknowledges the loyal and thoughrful assistance of the

Contributing Members, including Patron Members

($1,200 annual contribution), Sustaining Members

($600 annual contribution) and Sponsoring Members

($300 annual contribution), listed below.

Patron Members

Mr. Laurence J. Adams

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G. E. Chapin, Jr.

Mrs. Harold W. Cheel Mr. Fred Clements

Ms. Leslie A. L. Coggins Mr. Robert L. Cummings Dr. Robert D. Cunningham Mr. E. A. Defalco

298

Mrs. Mary J. Deutschbein

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J. Patricia Scanlon Dr. John Scheid Marion A. Scott Sealaska Corporation Mrs. Dan Searight Kate M. Sheehy Allan Shore

O. Six

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Beano Solomon

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Tribal Expressions

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Brian Zimmerman

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Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, Inc.

Office of Public Affairs

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The Corporation for Public Broadcast- ing

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297

Mr. Nicholas Bush

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~ Mr. & Mrs. Benjamin L.

Mar, Jr. Miss Priscilla Mason Dr. Robert B. Matheny Dr. & Mrs. M. Mathews Dr. Pam Matsuura Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Mayor Mrs. W. V. Mc Clain Mr. James I. McAuliff Mr. W.W. McCalla Mr. Donald E. McCallister Dr. Jeane McCarthy Mr. James D. McClary Mr. Edward J. McCormack, Jr. Mrs. Jack H. McCreery Mr. Dale E. McDaniel Mrs. J. A. MclIlrath Dr. & Mrs. Frank W. McKee Mr. George M. McNulty Mr. George W. McQueen Mr. James C. Meade Mr. Kevin T. Medwedeff Mr. Robert S. Melville Mr. Louis W. Menk Mrs. Rose Menz Michael Mermelstein Mrs. Ida C. Merriam Mr. Paul D. Meyer Mr. Harvey L. Miller Colonel & Mrs. James E. Miller Mr. & Mrs. John L. Miller Mr. Kim Edward Miller

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lal

=

al

300

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=

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Mr. Craig L. Weston

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Ms. Lesley A. Wildfong

Mr. & Mrs. Norman C. Willcox

Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Williams

Dr. B. Willis

Mrs. John M. Willits

Mr. Harvey Wilmeth

Mrs. Penelope P. Wilson

Mr. Perkins Wilson

Mrs. Harriet L. Wilt

Mr. & Mrs. David Wintermann

Mr. Joseph G. Wirth

Mr. Carl F. Wolfe

Mr. & Mrs. Payson Wolff

Mr. & Mrs. Stanton Wong

Mrs. Margaret Y. Woodbridge

Mrs. Ella L. Woolf

Ms. Florine Yoder

Mrs. John S. Young

Dr. & Mrs. Keith Young

Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Zarzar

Dr. & Mrs. Don B. Ziperman

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas E. Zitter

Mr. & Mrs. F. W. Zoeller

Sponsoring Members

Mr. Paul R. Aaronson

Mr. & Mrs. Byrle M. Abbin Mrs. August Ackel

James D. Adams

Mr. Joseph H. Adams

Mrs. R. E. Adams, Jr.

Mr. E. R. Adkins

Mr. William Edward Adkins Mr. Max Adkison

Mr. Howard Adler

Mrs. Mary E. Ahern

Ms. Doris D. Albert

Mr. Michael S. Albritton Mrs. Mery! Alderson

Mrs. Lynne L. Alfieri

Mrs. George E. Alford

Mr. C. D. Allen

Mrs. Christine Allen

Mr. Ethan Allen

Mrs. K.C. Allen

Mr. Robert H. Allen

Mr. Steven J. Allen

Mrs. Carolyn Alper

Mr. Bert Amador

Mr. & Mrs. John Amdall Ms. Valerie Amerkhai!

Mr. & Mrs. Donald F. Ames Ms. Betty Jane Anderson Mr. Clifford H. Anderson Mr. & Mrs. Ellis B. Anderson Mrs. Harry R. Anderson Mr. Tim Anderson

Perry Andrews

Miss Wilma M. Angelbeck Miss E. Pauline Annis

Ms. Rose C. Anthony

Dr. Walter E. App

Mr. E. J. Archbold

Mr. T. Stanton Armour

Diane L. Armstrong

Mr. Richard Armstrong

Ms. Mary Arnett

Mr. Steve Arnold

Ms. Helen J. Arthur-Dunn

Ms. Helen L. Ashley

Mr. J. Ashman, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Ralph L. Ashton

Mr. James M. Atkins

Dr. & Mrs. A. K. Atkinson

Mrs. John W. Auchincloss

Ms. Jeanette D. Auernig

Mr. Gunther Augustin

Mr. Frank Avellino

Ms. Imogen Averett

Mrs. B. Lou Axline

Mr. C. W. Axsom

Mr. William I. Bacchus

Mr. John L. C. Bachofer, Jr.

Dr. & Mrs. Joseph A. Backer

Mr. David G. Bacon

Dr. W.E. Badenhausen Jr.

Mr. Robert Baer

Dr. Bernard W. Bail

Mr. Charles S. Bailey

Mr. Stephen P. Bailey

Mr. Charles L. Bain

Mr. & Mrs. John G. Baker

Mr. Peter D. Baker

Robert H. Baker

Mrs. Virginia B. Baker

Mr. Steven C. Bakerink

Mr. Thomas W. Bakewell

Mr. & Mrs. Barrett S. Baldwin, Jr.

Mrs. Elizabeth F. Balk

Mr. Donald F. Ball

Mr. Mark J. Ball

Vivian E. Ball

Mrs. Charles Bancroft

Mr. Walter F. Bandi, Jr.

Mr. William C. Banning

Mr. Tom Bantle

Mr. & Mrs. Quinten Barbee

Mr. Leo T. Barber, Jr.

Mr. Michael Barczak

Ms. Harriet Vincent Barker

Mr. & Mrs. John Barker

Ms. Donna J. Barnes

Mr. Julian L. Barnett

Ms. Elizabeth V. Barrer

Mrs. D. P. Barrett

Mr. & Mrs. E. W. Barrett

Mrs. Marjorie Barrick

Mrs. E. Barrow

Dr. Charles I. Bartfeld

Mrs. R. G. Bartheld

Mrs. Carolyn G. Bartholomew

Mr. Art Bartlett

Mr. George L. Barton

Mrs. Elizabeth H. Bass

Ms. Lois Battersby

Mrs. Ruth S. Bauer

Mr. & Mrs. Myron C. Baum

Mr. & Mrs. M. F Bauman

Mr. David C. Bay

Mr. Robert L. Bayless

Mrs. Clarence E. Beach

Ms. Elizabeth A. Beam

Mr. William H. Beardsley

Mr. R. Gifford Beaton

Ms. Maria Beavens

Mr. & Mrs. Bernhard G. Bechhoefer

Mr. Lawrence Becker

Ms. Jeanne V. Beekhuis

Mrs. Alan Beerbower

Mr. Glenn E. Beerline

Mr. Bernard J. Beiser

Mr. & Mrs. George Belding

Mr. o. Nile Bell

Mrs. James W. Bell

Mr. Bernard E. Belleville

Ms. Margaret M. Bellucci

Mr. Charles A. Bender

Mrs. Jack Bender

Dr. & Mrs. David C. Benjamin

Dr. & Mrs. Richard W. Benjamin

Mr. Robert Benjamin

Mr. Gregory Benkovic

Mrs. Iona Benson

Ms. Grace Berg Schaible

Mr. Kenneth Berger

Ms. Marie Bergmann

Ms. Maureen A. Berkner

Mrs. F. Henry Berlin

Mr. Jeffrey Berlin

Mr. Steve Berlin

Mr. & Mrs. Bernard Berman

Ms. Susane Berman

Mrs. Seymour Bernett

Sharon L. Bernier

Mr. P. Bernik

Dr. Spencer Berry

Dr. William R. Bertelsen

Mr. Bruce Biggs

Ms. Barbara S. Bill

Mrs. Anne Bilos

Mr. J.K. Birchfield, Jr.

Ms. Susan K. Bird

Mr. R. S. Birmingham

Mrs. Loris G. Birnkrant

Mr. Alan Bitterman

Mrs. Viola H. Blaine

Mr. Allen L. Blanc

Mr. Norman H. Blanchard

Mr. James Blaser

Mr. A. D. Blatnikoff

Ms. Dorothy Anne Blatt

Dr. Karen S. Blisard

Mr. Lyle A. Bliss

Dr. Margaret N. Bliss

Mr. Howard H. Bloom

Ms. Naomi: Lee Bloom

Mr. Kenneth Blount

Mrs. Betty Bluemle

Mrs. Sarah S. Boasberg

Ms. Enola V. Bode

Mr. & Mrs. Philip Boerschinger

Gail A. Bohan

Mr. Vernon G. Bohl

Constance J. Bohon

Mr. Jeffry Boice

Ms. Laura E. Bonnett

Mr. Bruce Booker

Mr. & Mrs. John Boppart

Mr. & Mrs. Nicholas Boraski

Mr. Rick Borchert

Dr. Fredricka Borland

Mr. & Mrs. Blaine Jonathan Bos

Mr. Arthur D. Bosworth

Mr. David A. Boudreaux

Dr. & Mrs. Maxwell Boverman

Ms. Helen Caldwell Bowen

Kevin Boyd

Mr. & Mrs. Alton Boyer

Ms. Maria Brabb

Mrs. Robert G. Braden

Ms. Eugenie R. Bradford

Mr. William G. Bradford

Mr. Wilbur C. Bragg, II

Mrs. Calvin Brantley

Mr. Fred J. Braun

Mr. & Mrs. Michael Braunstein

Mr. William W. Bray

Mrs. Shirley F. Brazil

Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Brechler

Mr. Robert B. Breisblatr

Mr. & Mrs. Roy Bremerman, jr

Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Brett

Mrs. Gene C. Brewer

Mrs. Lorna E. Bridenstine

Mr. Robert L. Bridges

Mrs. Shirley . Brinker

Mr. & Mrs. H. A. Brinner

Mr. & Mrs. Allan C. Brittle

Dr. Sylvia Broady

Mr. R. Brockgreitens

Mr. Richard Brockman

Mr. Marc H. Brodsky

Jere Broh-Kahn

Mr. Randall Brooks

Mr. William Brose

Mr. & Mrs. F. M. Brosio, Jr.

John A. Bross

Mr. Albert Brown

* Miss Dorothy A. Brown

Mr. Glen F. Brown

Mr. Gregory W. Brown

J. R. Brown

Mr. Robert R. Brown

Miss Sara Brown

Mrs. Thomas M. Brown

Mr. Gary M. Browning

Mr. F. A. Brubaker

Dr. M. Brumbach

Mrs. Laurence Brunswick

M. R. Brush

Mr. & Mrs. William L. Bryan

Ms. Nancy D. Bryant

Mr. Jon H. Bryson

The Honorable & Mrs. Philip Buchen

Mr. Evan Buck

Mr. & Mrs. H. Paul Buckingham

Mr. J. Buckley

Mr. & Mrs. Lowell Buckner

Mr. William W. Budge

Mr. Robert F. Bulens

Mrs. Jane Bullock

Mrs. Diane Burke

Mr. J. F. Burke, Jr.

Ms. Leslie Burket

Mr. Carl A. Burkhart

Gerald A. Burlieigh

Mr. Brian A. Burnell

Dr. Elizabeth A. Burns

Mrs. Laura W. Burr

301

Ms. Jeanette M. Burrell

Dr. & Mrs. Boyd L. Burris

Mr. Don Burton

Mr. & Mrs. Glenn F. Burton

Mr. Peter Alan Burton

Mr. & Mrs. James T. Bush

Mrs. H. M. Busick

Mr. Lawrence E. Bustle, Jr.

Dr. A.R. Butler -

Mrs. Hugh H. Butler

Dr. & Mrs. James H. Butler

Mrs. Jane E. Buxton

Mr. Darcie Byrn

Mr. Dennis G. Cadena

Mrs. Gary W. Cage

Mr. & Mrs. William M. Cahn, Jr.

Mrs. Bartley H. Calder

Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence B. Caldwell

John L. Call

Mrs. Lewis S. Callaghan

Mr. John D. Cameron

Ms. Elizabeth E. Campbell

Mr. & Mrs. Edgar H. Canfield

Miss Helen R. Cannon

Mr. C. G. Carey

Mrs. Phyllis H. Carey

Mr. James A. Carley

Mrs. Barbara J. Carlson

Mr. Bill Carlson

Mr. P. Allan Carlsson

Mr. Lloyd E. Carnright

Mr. Richard V. Carolan

Dr. Whatron Carole

Ms. Anne Carpenter

Dr. John M. Carper

Mrs. Martha A. Carr,

Ms. Christine K. Carrico

Mrs. E. A. Carson

Colonel & Mrs. Douglas H. Carter

Mr. Paul H. Casey

Dr. William H. Casson

Ms. Caron Caswell Lazar

Mrs. James A. Cathcart

Dr. Charlotte Catz

Mr. & Mrs. James E. Caudill

Mr. Ford Cauffiel

Mr. John L. Caughey, Jr.

Mr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr.

Ms. Colleen M. Chalker

Mr. William H. Chandler

Mr. Jonathan L. Chang

302

Daniel T. Chapman

Dr. Samuel Charache

Mrs. Kevin P. Charles

The Honorable & Mrs. Steven M. Charno

Ms. Cynthia M. Chase

Mr. Donald Chase

Ms. Linda K. Cheatham

Mr. Richard T. Chenoweth

Mr. & Mrs. Steven D. Cherry

Mr. H. T. Chester, Jr.

Mrs. June Chewning

Dr. J. Chiaramonte

Mrs. Jane Childers

Dr. & Mrs. Timothy W. Childs

Dr. & Mrs. Purnell W. Choppin

Ms. Marlene H. Cianci

Mr. George Clark

Mr. H. Lawrence Clark

Mrs. D. S. Charke

Mr. Edward J. Clarke

Mrs. Robert L. Clarke

Mr. James A. Clements

Mr. & Mrs. J. Donald Cline

Mr. Carl C. Close

Mr. & Mrs. Keith A. Cloyed

Ms. Ansly J. Coale

Mr. & Mrs. Charles F. Coates

Dr. Bryan Cobb

Mr. Bruce E. Cobern

Mr. & Mrs. William W. Cobey

Mr. Donald R. Cochran

Mr. William H. Cochrane

Ms. Linda L. Cogswell

Mr. & Mrs. George H. Cohen

Mrs. Gladys Cohen

Mr. James Coke

Mr. Edmond Colaianni

Mr. & Mrs. Richard D. Colburn

Mr. & Mrs. W. H. Coldiron

Mr. Addison D. Cole

Franklin C. Coleman

Mrs. John E. Coleman

Mr. Patrick J. Coletta

Ms. Pamela D. Collins

Mr. Philip R. Collins

Mrs. W. A. Colvin

Miss Bertita E. Compton

Mr. & Mrs. Barber Conable

Mr. Paul F. Condon

Mrs. Herman Cone, Jr.

Mrs. Ethel Conlisk

Mr. Steven S. Conner

Dr. Philip Connolly

Mr. James T. Connor

Mr. & Mrs. Charles W. Consolvo

Mr. J. Conte

Mr. John W. Cook

Mr. David O. Cooke

Ms. Lori Cooke-Marra

Dr. Lawrence U. Cookson

Mr. & Mrs. H. Warren Cooper, III

Ms. Janet B. Cooper

Miss Margaret Sue Copenhaver

Dr. W. G. Corey

Mr. Ray Corley, Jr.

Ms. Judith Corley

Mr. M. C. Cornell

Mr. James A. Corwin

Mr. Charles R. Cory

Mr. Ralph J. Coselli

Mr. Arthur Cotts

Donald Couchman

Mr. & Mrs. C. L. Coulter

Mr. & Mrs. Donald N. Coupard

Columbus B. Courson

Ms. Twyla B. Courtot

Mr. Jorge Covarrubias

Ms. Marylouise Cowan

Mr. W. L. Cowden

Edwin Cox

Miss Mary L. Cox

Ms. Jean Coyne

Mr. & Mrs. David M. Crabtree

Miss Frances M. Craig

Mr. Herbert R. Crane

Dr. & Mrs. James A. Cranford, Jr.

Mr. G. B. Crary, Jr.

Dr. Robert B. Craven

Mrs. Verna H. Craven

Mr. Crayton M. Crawford

Dr. H. David Crombie

William S. Crowder

Mr. Gilbert W. Cullen

Mr. & Mrs. Roy Cullen

Mr. Joseph S. Cummins

Ms. Kathleen V. Cummins

Mr. & Mrs. Leo C. Cunniff

Mr. Charles A. Cunningham

Mr. Charles S. Curran

Mrs. George H. Curran

Mr. John Joseph Curtin

Mr. Charles B. Curtis

Mrs. Richard M. Cutts

Mr. John E. Dabbert

Mr. Tom Daggy

Miss Margaret M. Dahm

Mrs. Charles S. Dake

Mrs. Kathryn Daley

Mr. Roger Dane

Mrs. Christine Danforth

Ms. Ethel E. Danzansky

Mr. B. J. Daroga

Mrs. Leonore Daschbach

H. P. Daulton

Mr. Jerry P. Davanzo

Dr. Jack Davidson

Mr. D. S. Davidsoon

Mrs. David G. Davies

Mr. David Davies

Mr. Bernard E. Davis

Mr. Deforest P. Davis

Mr. E. E. Davis

Dr. & Mrs. J. Sanford Davis

Ms. Jane Davis

Mrs. Ralph Davis

Dr. T. S. Davis

Mr. & Mrs. Vernon E. Davis

Mrs. Margaret C. Davison

General & Mrs. Kenneth F. Dawalt

Ms. Deanna K. Dawson

Irene P. Dawson

Mr. J. L. Dawson

Ms. Marianne Dawson

Mr. Daniel M. Dayton

Mr. & Mrs. Michel A. Daze

Mr. Peter J. De La Garza

Mr. Craig M. Dean

Mr. Robert Dean

Mr. & Mrs. William J. Dean

Mr. Michael D. Debevec

Mrs. Thomas Dedomenico

Ms. M. Deen

Mr. David M. Degabriele

Ms. Lucretia Anne Dehaney

Mr. Vicente F. Del Castillo

Captain Victor Delano

Mr. & Mrs. Andrew S. Deming

Mr. David Demko

Mrs. John R. Dempsey

Ms. Danna Denning

Mr. H. H. Dennis

Dr. & Mrs. Lewis Hilliard Dennis Mr. John Robert Denny Dr. Gail Deplanque Ms. Patricia W. Deramus Colonel & Mrs. Joseph F. Derienzo Mr. Roy M. Derrick Mr. Stanton Derry Mr. Thomas J. Desipin Mr. Robert Jay Deutsch Mrs. Jessie C. Dickens Ms. Claudia Dickman Mrs. F. Diefenderfer Mr. Fred J. Diemer Mr. C. P. Dietz Mr. Robert A. Diggs Mr. E. B. Dillon, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. John B. Dilworth Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Dimuro Ms. Loraine Dipietro Mr. Dennis O. Dixon Mr. George A. Dixon Mr. & Mrs. John B. Doak Mrs. Porter W. Dobbins, Jr. Mr. Keith A. Dobbins Mr. Peter Dobroff Mr. & Mrs. Barry & Lydia Dobyns Mr. Richard G. Dodds Mrs. Walter W. Doescher John H. Doles III Mrs. Henry R. Dolstra Mr. Henry T. Donahoe Dr. Mary R. Donahue Mrs. Lloyd Donant Mr. James R. Donnelley Ms. Elinor C. Donnelly Ms. Jacqueline Donnet Colonel & Mrs. William H. E. Doole Ms. Linda S. Doolittle Christopher J. Doozan Mr. James R. Dorcy Mrs. Sally Doughton Mr. D. D. Dowling Mr. John Doyle Major Chery! L. Dozier Ms. Barbara B. Drackett Mr. David C. Dressler Mr. William M. Dreyer Ms. Imogene S. Driscoll Ms. Patricia D. Driver Mr. Marvin Droes Dr. John Charles Duby

Mr. Frank J. Dudek

Mr. & Mrs. Robert . Dufek

Mr. John L. Duffy

Mr. William E. Duffy

Mrs. M. D. Duggan

Mr. & Mrs. William E. Duke

Ms. Joanne E. Dumene

Mr. William T. Duncan

Mr. & Mrs. John M. Dunnan

Mr. A. F. Dupont, Jr.

Mr. Julius Dupree

Mr. Wayne Durbin

Mr. & Mrs. F. C. Duthweiler

Mr. R. H. Dwan, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Douglas & Linda Dwyer

Ms. Ann L. Dyke

Mr. & Mrs. Bainbridge Eager

General & Mrs. George D. Eastes

Mr. Walter P. Eatherly

Mr. & Mrs. Russell Eaton, III

Ms. Helen Eccleston

Mr. B. Toro Echague

Mr. Laurence Edelman

Mr. & Mrs. Roy C. Edgerton

Mr. William W. Edgerton

Mr. John H. Edlund

Ms. Margaret W. Edwards

Mr. Joe B. Eggen

Mr. Frank K. Eggleston

Mr. Robert P. Ehas

Mr. Joel Eisenberg

Mr. David A. Elko

Mr. Don W. Elleman

P. E. Ellingsen

Mr. Paul G. Ellis

Ms. Barbara Ellison

Mr. George T. Elmore

Mr. Robert Emmons

Mr. Bernard Engel

Ms. Suzanne B. Engel

Mr. G. C. Engels

Mr. Victor England

Dr. Michael J. Epstein

Mr. Robert Epstein

Mrs. Jane M. Epstine

Mrs. F. Erickson

Dr. Janet Erickson

Mr. Dale J. Ernster

Mr. A.C. Escalle

Mr. Allen Evans

Mr. Douglas Evans, Jr.

Mr. Larry Evans

Dr. Richard Evans

Mr. Robley D. Evans

Miss Shirley M. Evans

Mr. W. M. Evans

Mr. & Mrs. Leroy Fadem

Mr. & Mrs. Ross N. Faires

Mr. R. Fanyo

Mr. Francis W. Farley

Mr. James Alan Farley

Mr. T. M. Farley

Mrs. Norman Farquhar

Mr. Arthur W. Farr

Ms. Gloria M. Farrar

Mr. Joel Farrell

Mr. Kit Farwell

The Franciscan Fathers

Mr. Robert N. Faust

Mr. John C. Fawcett

Mr. John D. Fedde

Dr. & Mrs. Robert Feinberg

Mr. Jack K. Feirman

Mr. T. Feldmann

Ms. Shirley Felix

Ms. Ruth S. Feltner

Mr. Gregory G. Fergin

Dr. & Mrs. Edward H. Ferguson

Mr. John R. Ferguson

Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Ferguson

Mr. & Mrs. William L. Ferguson

Dr. Willard B. Fernald

Reverend H. A. Ferrell

Ms. Janet A. Fertig

Mr. Donald M. Feuerstein

Ms. Sarah Fincke

Mrs. Emily H. Fine

Ms. Janet A. Fink

Miss Susan J. Finke

Mr. Thomas F. Finkle

Mr. & Mrs. M. Peter Fischer

Dana B. Fisher

Mr. Thomas A. Fitzgerald

Mr. Paul D. Fitzpatrick

Mr. Edward J. Flammer

Ms. Jane G. Flener

Mr. W. R. Fletcher

Miss Kathryn M. Flexer

Mr. Peter A. Flihan, Jr.

Mr. Ted Flora

Mr. & Mrs. James D. Flynn

C. Fogelstrom

Mr. Stuart Foler

Mr. L. D. Follmer

Ms. Hariett Forbell

Mr. Robert Forcey

Dr. & Mrs. Otto L. Forchheimer

Mr. & Mrs. J. W. Forrester

Mrs. Russel Fosbinder

Mr. Frank B. Foster

Mr. Redmond Foster

Mr. Tom Rolfe Foster

Thiry Foundation

Whitney Foundation

Mrs. Theodore V. Fowler III

Mrs. Richard L. Fowler

Dr. & Mrs. Robert L. Fox

Mr. S. Fox

Dr. Denis J. Frank

Mr. Norman Frank

Mr. Peter L. Frechette

Dr. Donald E. Frein

Mrs. Theodore French

Mr. & Mrs. John P. Frestel, Jr.

Mrs. Valerie T. Freund

Mr. Andrew L. Frey

“Mr. & Mrs. T. E. Frey

Mrs. Jean W. Friedlander

Mr. Arnold S. Friedman

Mr. Kenneth I. Friedman

Mr. Edward Fritz

P. Froeder

Mr. Warren Fugate

Mr. Reginald H. Fullerton, Jr.

Mrs. L. J. Futchik

Mrs. Guy Gabrielson, Jr.

Dr. & Mrs. Paul A. Gade

Mr. William R. Gage

Mrs. D. R. Gairing

Dr. & Mrs. Harry Galblum

Mrs. M. J. Galbraith

Mr. Robert J. Gale

Mr. Vernon M. Gale

Mr. & Mrs. F. A. Gallagher

Mrs. Marion G. Galland

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Galligan, Jr.

Dr. & Mrs. Robert Ganelin

Mr. & Mrs. Malcolm O. Garfink

Ms. Janet E. Gargiulo

Mrs. Joy Garney

Miss Olga M. Gazda

Mr. A. F. Gegenheimer

Mr. & Mrs. Walter F. Geisinger

Mr. & Mrs. Daniel D. Geller

Mr. Peter L. Geller

Ms. Susan C. Gentz

303

Mr. & Mrs. Emanuel Gerard

Mrs. K. J. Germeshausen

Mr. & Mrs. Carl S. Gewirz

Ms. Patricia L. Gibbons

Mr. A. Edward Giberti

Mr. Allan Gibson

Dr. & Mrs. David M. Gibson

Mr. Fred O. Gibson, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Lincoln J. Gilbert

Mrs. Wanda Gilbert

Ms. Joyce S. Gilding

Ms. Nancy V. Giles

Mrs. Robert Gilkey

Miss Terri H. Gillatt

Yvonne L. Gillespie

Mrs. Sara E. Gillis

Mr. David E. Gingrich

Mr. Thomas S. Gionfriddo

Mr. Edward D. Gladden

Ms. Martha Glantz

Mr. Bernard Glaser

Mrs. Anna May Gleim

Mr. John C. Glenn

Mr. & Mrs. Warren Glick

Mr. Helmuth Goepfert

Mr. & Mrs. John B. Goering

Mr. James W. Goff

Ms. Anne C. Goldberg

Mr. & Mrs. Arthur E. Goldberg

Mr. Leslie H. Goldberg

Mr. Raymond R. Goldberg

Mr. Gregg H.S. Golden

Mr. James R. Golden

Mr. Aaron Goldman

Ms. Susan S. Goldman

Mr. & Mrs. Charles Goldsberry

Mrs. Fred Goldsmith, Jr.

Dr. Edwin G. Goldstein

Resa Goldstein

Dr. S. Goodloe, Jr.

Ms. Connie Goodman

Mr. & Mrs. James F. Goodman

Mr. Stuart N. Goodman

L. Goodwin

Dr. Richard FE. Gordon

Mr. David W. Gorham

Mrs. Mary Beck Gorman

Harold W. Gossett II

Mrs. Christian V. Graf

Mr. William F. Graff

Mr. Steven Grainger

Mr. S. Grandits

ial

eal

304

Dr. M. L. Oster Granite

Mr. Gerald W. Grantham

Mr. Cameron Graves

Lieutenant General & Mrs. Ernest Graves

Mrs. Mary Graves

Mr. Ian J. Gray

Mr. Leslie Gray

Dr. Robin B. Gray

Mr. Thomas E. Gray

Mr. & Mrs. Louis J. Grayson

Dr. & Mrs. Henry D. Green

Dr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Green, II

Mr. Hix H. Green, Jr.

Mrs. Susan Green

Mr. David J. Greenburg

Mrs. L. S. Greene

Ms. Stefanie Greene

Miss Joanne T. Greenspun

Ms. Lumina Greenway

Mr. & Mrs. William Greer

Mr. & Mrs. John Gregory

Mr. Gerhard R. Grieb

Mr. Herbert E. Grier

Ms. Helen W. Grieve

Mr. Donald O. Grimes, Jr.

Mr. Ronald K. Grimes

Mr. & Mrs. Steele T. Griswold

Mrs. Helen Grossman

Mr. & Mrs. Paul W. Guenzel

Ms. Mary N. Guild

Dr. Joseph I. Gurfein

Mr. Sanford L. Guritzky

Mr. Edward Guro

Mr. & Mrs. Richard J. Haayen

Mr. Dean Alan Hadley

Ms. Lindsey Haggar

Mr. & Mrs. William H. Haggard

Mr. Philip J. Hahn

Mr. & Mrs. Richard G. Hahn

Mr. Dean O. Haley

Mrs. Timothy J. Haley, II

Ms. Dorothy M. S. Hall

Mr. J. Richard Halley

Dr. Mimi Halpern

Mr. M. Hamada

Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton

Lieutenant Commander Maynard L. Hamilton; Ret.

Mr. Robert A. Hamilton

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth C. Hamister

Dr. & Mrs. John W. Hammon, Jr.

Miss M. A. Hammond

Mr. Mark Hampshire

Barbara Hampton

Mr. P. M. Hampton

Mr. J. S. Handler

Mrs. Vincent S. Haneman

Mrs. Hamp Hanks

Ms. Dolly D. Hansen

Ms. Morella R. Hansen

Mr. Peter U. Hansen

Mr. Stan Hanssen

Mr. Charles C. Hansult

Ms. Linda Hardcastle

Mr. William L. Harding

Mr. & Mrs. Gordon A. Hardy

Mr. & Mrs. Hardy Hargreaves

Mr. John M. Harker

Mr. Kenneth R. Harkins

Mr. Peter B. Harkins

Dr. Robert A. Harper

Mrs. Lucy W. Harrell

Mr. C. J. Harrington

Miss Catherine E. Harringron

Dr. John M. Harris, III

Mr. Robert C. Harris

William D. Harris

Mr. Graham Harrison

Mr. Frank C. Hart

Mrs. Pauline Hart

Mr. Alfred A. Hartley

Ms. Janet W. Hartley

Mr. P. W. Hartloff, Jr.

Ms. Gertrud B. Hartmann

Mr. James E. Haskins

Mrs. Audrey H. Hatry

Mr. Timothy S. Haueter

Ms. Gertraud E. Haupt

Dr. & Mrs. James W. Haviland

Mr. G. W. Hawk

Dr. Jeffrey W. Hawkins

Mr. William M. Hawkins

Neil F. Hawks

Mr. James M. Hawley, II

Mr. J.Y. Hawthorne

Mrs. Marjorie C. Hayes

Mr. Kenneth C. Healy

Mr. & Mrs. Frank R. Heath

Mrs. Kathleen H. Heaton

Mr. Gordon E. Hed

Mrs. Jeannette P. Heim

Mr. William J. Heim

Mr. Carl Heishman

Captain & Mrs. Arthur A. Helgerson

Ms. Kathleen Hellmann

Mr. James W. Hellwege

The Honorable & Mrs. Richard Helms

Mr. William A. Helsell

Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. Helwig

Ms. Deborah W. Hemenway

Dr. & Mrs. Jack Hendershot

Mr. & Mrs. Allyn B. Henderson

Mr. E. M. Hendrickson

Mr. John R. Hendrickson

Mr. & Mrs. Louis Henke, Jr.

Mrs. W. Henrick

Mrs. E. Henriksen

Ms. Beverlee B. Henry

Mr. Joseph Henry

Mr. & Mrs. Irving N. Hepner

Mr. Richard A. Herbert

Mr. Richard N. Herbert

Mr. & Mrs. Michael Herman

Mr. Birgit Hershey

Mr. & Mrs. Paul & Martha Hertelendy

Mr. Terrence J. Hertz

Mr. Michael J. Hessell

Mr. Edward G. Hetrick

Mr. Barry R. Heuring

Mr. L. R. Heurlin

Dr. Peter F. Heywood

Mrs. Laura E. Hicks

Mrs. Jane D. Highsaw

Dr. Steven I. Hightower

Dr. Albert G. Hill

Mrs. G. E. Hill

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth E. Hill

Ruth C. Hill

Mr. & Mrs. John Hille

Mr. H. Hilton-Green,Jr

Miss Barbara L. Hinckley

Mr. Richard L. Hocker

Ms. Roberta Hockman

Mr. Lorentz R. Hodges, Jr.

Mr. Morton S. Hodgson Jr.

Miss K. T. Hoffacker

Mr. Wilfred C. Hoffman

Lucy Hogan

Dr. & Mrs. Raymond T. Holden

Mr. Barton S. Holl

Mr. Ian E. Holland

Mr. William M. Hollis, Jr.

Mr. Milton C. Holloman

Mr. David R. Holly

Ms. Dorothy K. Holmberg

Mrs. Hazel Hooker

Mr. Samuel P. Hoopes

Mr. & Mrs. James P. Hope

Mr. J. K. Horne

Dr. John H. Hoskins

Sally S. Hortle

Mrs. Amory Houghton

Mr. Guy T. Howard

Mrs. James Howard

Ms. Margaret J. Howe

Mr. Theodore L. Hoy

Mr. & Mrs. James W. Hubbel

Ms. Bonnie Huber

F. Hubert

Mr. & Mrs. Larry L. Hubler

Mr. C. Huckins

Mr. Charles E. Hucks

Mr. & Mrs. Robert S. Hudgins, IV

Mr. David Huffman

Mr. Joseph G. Huffman

Mrs. Charles A. Hufnagel

Mr. John R. Huggard

Mrs. Edward W. Hughes

Mr. & Mrs. Norman Hughes

Ms. Jean M. Hulme

Mr. Ronald Hummel

Ms. Suzanne Humpstone

Mr. William F. Huneke

Dr. & Mrs. James C. Hunt

Mrs. Margaret Stuart Hunter

Ms. Margie Hunter

Ms. Nancy B. Hunter

Mr. Ronald D. Hunter

Mr. & Mrs. Sidney H. Hurlburt

Mr. Bruce Husted

Mr. Alan S. Hutchinson

Captain & Mrs. George Hutchinson

Mrs. J. E. Hutchinson

Ms. Marjorie P. Hutchinson

Mrs. Avis C. Hyde

Mr. William W. Idler

Mr. & Mrs. P. W. Ifland

Mr. & Mrs. John L. Ingersoll

Reverend R. M. Ireland

Mr. John E. Irons

Mr. George Irving

Ms. Mary A. Irwin

Mr. William D. Iverson

Miss Yoko Iwawaki

Dr. & Mrs. Barry S. Jackman

Mr. Gordon L. Jacks

Mr. B. B. Jackson

Ms. Joanne B. Jackson

Ms. Ellen Jacobson

Mr. Sidney A. Jaffe

Mr. & Mrs. William Jagoda

Mr. Reinhardt H. Jahn

Mr. Joe Jankowski

Mr. & Mrs. Robert T. Jaske

Miss Ruth M. Jeltema

Mrs. C. Jennings

Mr. & Mrs. David G. Jennings

Reverend Andrew Macaoidh Jergens

Mr. Douglas F. John

Dr. & Mrs. A. Johnson

Mr. Harald R. Johnson

Mr. Robert R. Johnson

Dr. Robert S. Johnson

Ms. Sally P. Johnson

Mrs. Thomas W. Johnson

Mr. Woodrow C. Johnson

Mr. John H. Johnston

Mr. Alfred Jones

Mr. Buell B. Jones

Mr. James E. Jones

Mr. & Mrs. John Allen Jones

Mr. John O. Jones

Mr. Howland B. Jones, Jr.

Mr. John B. Jones, Jr.

Ms. Mayorie C. Jones

Ms. Margaret E. Jones

Mr. W.R. Jones

Ms. W. S. Jones

Mr. William J. Jones

Mrs. C. Jory

Mr. Andrew Joskow

Mr. A. Jossey-Bass

Mrs. Jove

Mrs. Jean Joyner

Mr. & Mrs. A. W. Jurgeleit

Mrs. Rosemary Bonar Kabel

Mr. Richard Kaczmarek

Mr. George W. Kahler

Mr. & Mrs. John M. Kalbermatten

Mr. F. M. Kalenborn

Ms. Sona Kalousdian

Dr. James P. Kane

Mrs. W. R. Kanne

Mr. Raymond S. Kaplan

Mr. Steven Kaplan

Dr. & Mrs. K. S. Karb

Dr. & Mrs. Richard A. Kaslow

Captain William J. Kastner

Mr. Jack Katz

Dr. & Mrs. Nathan Katz

Mr. R. L. Katz

Mr. W. Katz

Mr. Larry Katzmire

Mrs. A. G. Kavalar

Lieutenant Colonel Eugene K. Keefe

Ms. Sheila A. Keefe

Mr. Frank S. Keene, III

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth C. Keller

Captain & Mrs. William Keller

Ms. Jettie Kelly

Mr. Edward S. Kelly, Jr.

Dr. June L. Kelsay

Mrs. John L. Kemmerer

Mr. John William Kemper

Mrs. Harris L. Kempner

Mrs. R. Grice Kennelly

Mr. & Mrs. David T. Kenney

Mr. G. Dickson Kenney

Mrs. Anna Marie Kent

Mr. & Mrs. B. R. Kent

Ms. Rebecca Kenyon

Mr. William Keohane

Mr. & Mrs. Donald M. Kerr

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Kerr

Ms. Susan Kerslake

Mr. & Mrs. Paul D. Kervin

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas H. Kerwin

Mr. Marc Keshishian

Mr. W. Ben Kibler

Dr. & Mrs. Thomas M. Kiefer

Dr. Kyumgsoo Kim

Mr. & Mrs. William R. Kimball

Mrs. Jeanette Kimmel

Mr. & Mrs. David Kimmelman

Mr. Charles T. Kindsvatter

Mrs. Paul M. King

Mr. Robert L. King

Mrs. Richard K. Kingsley

Ms. Elizabeth R. Kipp

Mr. Dan L. Kirby

Mr. & Mrs. Philip C. Kirby

Mr. Harry L. Kirkman

Mr. Stephen Kirkpatrick

Mr. Ron Kite

Mr. John G. Kittredge

Mr. J. W. Klages

Mr. Kenneth W. Klein

Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence R. Klein

Mr. Norman S. Klein

Ms. Elaine H. Klemen

Mr. W.A. Kloos

Mr. L. S. Klotz

Mr. J. A. Knapp

Mrs. J. K. Knee

Mr. M. G. Knerr

Mrs. James H. Knowles

Mr. & Mrs. Keith L. Knowlton

Ms. Susan J. Koch

Ms. Margie Koenig

Mr. & Mrs. Leonard R. Kojm

George C. Konolige

Dr. & Mrs. C. Ronald Koons

Mr. Herbert J. Kopff

Mr. A. George Koplow

Gary A. Kopp

Dr. & Mrs. Marvin C. Korengold

Dr. & Mrs. Ross Kory

Mr. & Mrs. Donald S. Koskinen

Dr. & Mrs. George Kottemann

Mr. Stanley Kottock

Mr. George Kovar

Mrs. Anna Kovasznay

Mr. & Mrs. Brian R. Kowalk

Mrs. Solveig M. Kramer

Mr. David K. Krane

Ms. Sandra R. Krawchuk

Mr. Irving Kreisberg

Mr. Irvine P. Krick

Mr. & Mrs. William H. Krohn

Mr. Harold E. Kubly

Dr. & Mrs. Max J. Kukler

Ms. Linda Kulin

Mrs. William O. Kurtz, Jr.

Miss Suzanne Kuser

Mrs. Grant E. Lachapelle

Mr. & Mrs. Frank A. Ladd

Mrs. Patraicia K. Laftercy

Mr. Richard D. Lake

Mrs. Richard T. Lambert

Dr. Robert M. Lambert

Mr. Thomas Lamotte

Mr. & Mrs. Frederick W. Lamson

Mrs. Edwin H. Land

Mrs. Ernest A. Land

Mr. & Mrs. Hans A. Land

Mr. W. G. Land

Mr. & Mrs. Robert G. Lander

Mr. James H. Landers, Jr.

Mrs. Stephens J. Lange

Mr. Richard F. Langston

Ms. Janet E. Lanman

John V. Lanterman

Mr. & Mrs. Peter Larocca

Dr. Kathie Larsen

Mr. Francis Y. Lau

Ms. Rose Mary Laur

Mr. Robert E. Laux

Mr. & Mrs. Harold A. Lavalley

Mr. L. G. Lavengood

Dr. & Mrs. Noel Lawson

Dr. Jack M. Layton

Mr. Richard A. Lazarus

Dr. Deborah Leavens

Mrs. Barbara Lecky

Mr. & Mrs. David B. Lee

Ms. Elizabeth B. Lee

Ms. Florence S. Lee

Ms. Mary Carolyn Lee

Mr. T. C. Lee

Ms. E. A. Lefevre

Mr. & Mrs. William Lehfeldt

Mr. John H. Lehman

Mr. Roger M. Lehman

Ms. Ellen R. Leighton

Ms. Jeanne Lemmer

Ms. Kimberly D. Lenczuk

Ms. Christiana M. Leonard

Mrs. Ethelynne H. Leonard

Mrs. Aleen Leslie

Mrs. Lawrence S. Lesser

Mr. Daniel W. Leubecker

Ms. Luanne K. Levens

Mr. Eugene M. Levin

Richard Levine

Dr. Richard A. Levinson

Dr. Jerrold Levy

Mr. & Mrs. Baugh Lewis

Mr. Ernest E. Lewis

Dr. Ronald W. Lewis

Dr. Fredrick J. Lieb

Ms. Toni Lieberman

Mr. Peter Liebesman

Mrs. Francis Light

Mr. Raymond Yung Lin

Mr. Donald V. Lincoln

Mr. W. L. Lindholm

Dr. A.F. Lindquist

306

Dr. Patricia Lindquist

Ms. Teri Lindstrom

Mr. Robert F. Lint

Mr. & Mrs. Rodney C. Linton

Mr. L. H. Linville

Mr. James A. Lipsett

Mr. Robert S. Lipsey

Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. Liskay

Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. List

Mr. Burton J. Litman

Mrs. Frances L. Litvin

Mrs. John H. Livingston

Mr. Mark E. Lloyd

Ms. Maureen C. Locke

Mr. C. Henry Lockwood, II

Ms. Diana L. Lodzinski

Dr. Arthur J. Loerzel

Mr. James E. Loesch

Dr. Charles J. Loewe

Ms. J. Logermann

Ms. Joyce A. Lonergan

Mr. Nimrod W. E. Long

Mr. & Mrs. T. M. Louden

Mr. Homer B. Louya, Jr.

Mr. H. M. Love

Mr. Robert B. Love

Mrs. Hazel L. Lozier

Mrs. George E. Luce

Mr. Joseph Luchok

Mr. & Mrs. Jack Ludwick

Ms. Sarah L. Ludwig

Mr. Dean Luedlke

Mr. Arthur Luedtke

Dr. & Mrs. Ronald R. Lund

Mr. & Mrs. Wilbur A. Lunday

Mr. La Rue R. Lutkins

Mr. Kevin P. Lyden

Mr. H. Lykken

Mr. & Mrs. J. R. Lynch

Mrs. Lee Lynch

Mr. & Mrs. William Lynch

Miss I. T. Lynn

Mr. & Mrs. E. Phillip Lyon

Mr. Dennis L. Maas

Mr. Neil R. MacDonald

Mr. Watson MacInnes

Mr. & Mrs. Steven A. MacIntyre

Mr. P.E. Macallister

Ms. Caroline S. Maccoll

Mr. W. K. Maccready

Mr. Louis A. Mackenzie

William G. Maclaren Jr.

Mr. James G. Maclean

Mr. Fred Macleod

Dr. & Mrs. J. Macnamara

Mrs. John Macomber

Mr. Rex A. Maddox

Mr. Raymond F. Mahaffy

Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Maher

Dr. & Mrs. Leslie D. Major, Jr.

Mr. Dayton S. Mak

Ms. Alexie M. Malcolm

Mr. T. L. Malec

Mr. & Mrs. Pal Maleter

Mrs. Janet Malley Richard

Mr. James Malloy

Lieutenant General & Mrs. W. R. Maloney

Mr. Elli Malta

Dr. Randall C. Manaka

Mrs. E. B. Mann

Ms. Elizabeth S. Mann

Mrs. Sandra Alan Mannherz

Mr. & Mrs. George C. Mansius

Mrs. Catherine Manson

Mr. Stanley A. Maple

Dr. & Mrs. Peter D. Marbarger

Mrs. A. Marcelle

Mr. Eugene A. March

Dr. B. T. Marchello

Mr. & Mrs. Stanley J. Marcuss

Mrs. F. J. Margolis

Dr. R. N. Margrave

Mr. Paul Margus

Mr. Jack Mark

Mr. & Mrs. William J. Marlow

Mr. Kenneth S. Marsh

Dr. & Mrs. William G. Marsh

Mr. D. B. Marshall

Mr. Robert M. Marshall

Mr. Bernard H. Martin

Mr. Earle W. Martin

Mr. Guy R. Martin

Mr. Robert M. Martin, Jr.

Mr. S. E. Martin, Jr.

Ms. Margaret A. Martin

Mr. S. T. Martin

Mrs. Mildred H. Martindale

Mr. Robert E. Martini

Mr. Arthur Marush

Mr. & Mrs. Arthur K. Mason

Mr. David Mason

Mr. Joel J. Mason

Ms. Pamela W. Massey

Mr. & Mrs. Frederick W. Mast

Mr. Thomas R. Masters

Mrs. Elbert G. Mathews

Captain Tyler R. Matthew, Usnr

Mr. Winton E. Matthews, Jr.

Mr. James Mattimore

Mr. Robert Mattox

Mr. & Mrs. Calvin R. Maurer

Mr. & Mrs. W. W. Maxey

Mr. & Mrs. Jesse C. Maxwell

Dr. Bella J. May

Mary J. Mayer

Mr. George D. Maynard, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Gerald Mayo

Mr. & Mrs. Harry W. Mazal

Dr. John E. Mazuzan, Jr.

Mr. Allan H. McAlpin

Mr. Terence McAuliffe

Ms. Nancy M. McCabe

Mr. Robert E. McCabe

Mr. Gregory P. McCarron

Ms. June W. McCarron

Mr. Francis X. McCartin

Dr. Maclyn McCarty

Mr. Stephen McClanahan

Dr. Jonathan McCone

Ms. Patricia McConnell

Mr. Michael McCormack

Dr. Marie C. McCormick

Mrs. Anne B. McCourt

Dr. Catherine F. McCoy

Mr. John A. McCoy

Mr. Clayton McCuistion

Mrs. Emily P. McDaniel

Mr. Brian L. McDonald

Mr. J. McDonald

Mrs. Rosa Hayward McDonald

Ms. Suzanne O. McDougal

Ms. Cornelli McElrath

Mr. William D. McElroy

Ms. Elizabeth McFadden

Ms. Mary F. McFadden

Mr. John McGreevey

Mr. John McGuinn

Mr. Donald G. McInnes

Mr. Larry V. McIntire

Mr. Thomas H. McIntosh

Francis J. McIntyre

Dr. J. W. McKibben

Mr. Joseph McKinley

Mr. & Mrs. Albert P. McKinney

Ms. Katharine K. McLane

Mr. & Mrs. John H. McLaren

Mrs. Betty H. McLaughlin

Mr. Charles McLaughlin

Mr. James D. McLean

Mr. Paul B. McMahon, Jr.

Mr. Wallace McMartin

Mr. & Mrs. Andrew J. McMillan

Mrs. S. McMullen

Mr. & Mrs. Paul McNitt

Mr. & Mrs. R. V. McPherron

Mr. James I. McPherson

Lieutenant Colonel John L. McRae

Mr. & Mrs. C. P. Mead

Mr. & Mrs. David L. Mead

Mr. Thomas Mears

Mr. & Mrs. James W. Meek

Mr. Frank Meek, Jr.

Mrs. Roberta V. Meek

Dr. Henry P. Meijer

Donald F. Mela

Mr. & Mrs. Richard P. Mellon

Phillip Melville

Mr. Dennis Mendyk

Mr. & Mrs. George A. Menendez

Mr. Leon A. Mensing

Ms. Marilyn Mercer

Captain Robert H. Mereness

Mr. James Mero

Mrs. William H. Meroney

Dr. David F. Merten

Mr. John J. Meyer II

Mr. Gregor F. Meyer

Mr. Henry H. Meyer, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Louis Meyer

Mr. & Mrs. Samuel M. Meyers

Mr. R. D. Michaelson, Jr.

Dr. Catherine Michaud

Dr. Marie L. Michelson

Mr. B. Jenkins Middleton

Ms. Betty J. Middleton

Mrs. Clara Blackburn Miksic

Mr. & Mrs. Jeremiah Milbank

Commander & Mrs. R. J. Miles

Mr. & Mrs. David H. Millang

Dr. Alan G. Miller

Mr. Carroll L. Miller

Mr. Herbert S. Miller

Mr. J. R. Miller

Mr. John W. Miller

Marcia J. Miller

Ms. Margaret A. Miller

Mr. Steven G. Miller

Mr. William B. Miller

Mr. Richard Millett

Mrs. Joan H. Milligan

Ms. Gloria Mills

Ms. Marie E. Minnich

Mr. Stephen L. Minter

Dr. Joseph C. Mirabile

Mrs. Michele Mirman

Dr. & Mrs. Albert R. Mitchell

Dr. D. W. Mitchell

Mr. & Mrs. Donald M. Mitchell

Colonel & Mrs. Robert O. Mitchell

Colonel & Mrs. Jerome M. Modolo

Mr. Edward O. Moe

Mr. John Mohlar

Mr. & Mrs. Eric Mcd. Moir

Mr. James J. Monagle

Mr. T. R. Monge

Mrs. Sarah D. Monk

Dr. & Mrs. J. Charles Monnet

Ms. Maria Montalvo

Lucille H. Montgomery

Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Montgomery

Mr. Ray Moody

Mrs. Christel K. Moore

Ms. Joan Turner Moore

Dr. & Mrs. Paul D. Moore

Mr. Richard H. Moore

Thomas Moore

Mr. & Mrs. John H. Morava

Mr. Robert L. Morelli

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Morey

Mr. Joyce Morgan

Mr. Shane Moriarity

Ms. Firth Morris

Mr. Frank Morris

J. Morris

Mr. J. C. Morris, Jr.

Mr. David E. Morse

Mr. Arthur R. Morse, Jr.

Dr. & Mrs. Samuel Moskow

Mrs. Wilson Mothershead

Dr. & Mrs. Gary L. Mueller

Mr. R. Mueller

Dr. J. Andrew Mulholland

Mr. J. W. Mullins

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth C. Mundell

Mr. David C. Mundy

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Munoz

Dr. & Mrs. John C. Munson

Mr. C. Murphy, Jr.

Mr. James L. Murphy, Jr.

Mrs. Helen M.. Murway

Mr. & Mrs. E. H. Muschlitz

Mr. Rob Mustard

Ms. Carol A. Myers

Mr. Raymond R. Myslivy

Mr. Gordon J. Naff

Mr. Andrew Najberg

Dr. M. .J. Nareff

Mr. George Nassauer

Mr. Robert H. Neff

Mr. Walter G. Negwer, Jr.

Mr. Robert Negwer

Mr. George E. Nelson

Dr. J. R. Nelson

Mr. Lawrence L. Nelson

Ms. Linell E. Nemeth

Mr. Andrew K. Ness

Mr. Conley W. Ness

Mr. C. R. Neuburger

Mrs. Paul W. Neuenschwander

Mr. & Mrs. A. Newell

Mrs. Frances Newman

Mr. Gerard K. Newman

Ms. Martha Newman

Mr. & Mrs. Palmer E. Newman

Mr. W. E. Newman

Mr. Herbert L. Newmark

Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Newton

Mr. Kenneth E. Nicholl

Mr. William L. Nicholls,

Ms. Penny L. Nickle

Mr. Gary Nielsen

Dr. Orville F. Nielsen

Dr. Thomas P. Nigra

Ms. Kathlene Nissenbaum

Mrs. Elizabeth A. Noble

Mrs. Henry M. Noel

Mr. Roger M. Nolan

Roxanne Nolan

A.J. Nolewajka

Dr. Patricia F. Norman

Mrs. Nanna M. Norrington

The Honorable & Mrs. Allen L. Norris

Mr. David S. Norris

Ms. Judith A. Norris

Mr. Donald North

Ms. D. A. Norton

Mrs. John Norton

Mr. R.H. Norweb

Mr. James F. Noss

Mr. & Mrs. David P. Notley

Mrs. Dorothy Nubel

Mrs. Elisabeth H. Null

Mr. & Mrs. Peter M. Nunn

Mr. Michael Nussbaum

Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence C. Nussdorf

Mr. Michael Nuzzo

Mr. William J. O'Brien, Jr.

Mr. J. E. O'Connell

Ms. Frances Jean O'Connor

Linda O'Connor

Mr. & Mrs. William J. O'Connor

Mr. Joseph F. O'Neil

Ms. Betty O'Neill

Mr. & Mrs. Denis T. O'Sullivan

Ms. Angela Caldwell Oates

Dr. & Mrs. Robert W. Oblath

Mr. & Mrs. R. L. Oborn

Mr. Robert S. Oelman

Ms. Margaret Oettinger

Ms. Donna Oetzel

Mrs. Edward Ogle

Dr. S.W.J. Ogush

Mr. W. G. Ohde

Ms. Helen L. Ohler

Stellan Ohlsson

Dr. Snorri Olafsson

Mr. T. K. Oliver, Jr.

Ms. Janet L. Olsen

Mr. Melvin Olsen

Mrs. Rachael B. Olsen

Mr. Sam R. Olsen

Dr. Jean L. Olson

Ms. Ruth G. Olson

Mr. Richard Omohundro

Mr. & Mrs. Guy H. Orcutt

Mr. W. R. Orthwein, Jr.

Mr. Martin B. Ortlieb

Dr. Thomas O. Orvald

Mr. & Mrs. David Osnos

Ms. Anna M. Orhold

Mrs. James C. Otis

Mr. James A. Ort

307

Mr. Joseph H. Owen Mrs. Kathleen M. Owren

Mr. & Mrs. Gerald W. Padwe

Mr. James A. Painter Mr. Donald K. Palmer Lynne & Archie Palmer Mr. William R. Palmer Mr. Pravin Panchal

Dr. J. F. Paquet ©

Mr. G. M. Pardee, Jr. Mr. W. Robb Parish Mr. & Mrs. Rogers Parker Mrs. Grace M. Parr Ms. Mary L. Parramore Theda A. Parrish

Mrs. George E. Parsons, Jr.

Mr. R. F. Paschal, Jr.

Mr. Jerry Pasek

Mrs. George I. Pattee

Jackie W. Patterson

Mr. Geoffrey L. Patton

Miss Ruth Uppercu Paul

Mr. Benjamin C. Payne

Mr. E. George Pazianos

Mrs. Julian . Peabody

Dr. Joanne M. Pearson

Ms. Sylvia L. Pearson

Mrs. Ben M. Peckham

Thomas Peele

Mr. Michael Peetz

Ms. Caroline F. Peine

Mrs. William P. Pence

Mrs. Ann Cooper Penning

Mr. Clarence Pennington

Mr. John Peper

Mr. James S. Peppell

Mr. Alan L. Perkins

Robert A. Perkins

Mr. & Mrs. Warren A. Perkins

Mr. Michael Perlberg

Mr. Eric C. Peters

Mr. & Mrs. C. Wrede Petersmeyer

Mr. Ewart A. Peterson

Mr. & Mrs. Fred M. Peterson

Mrs. Irene E. Peterson C. Pettis

Mr. Cliff Pfaff

Mr. R. Pflager

Mr. & Mrs. P. Pfouts Mr. Frank Phelan

Mr. Daniel Phillips Mr. I. S. Phillips

Mrs. W. R. Phillips

aon

308

Mrs. Robert H. Phinny

Mr. E. Chilton Phoenix

Ms. Eileen Pickenpaugh

Mr. & Mrs. William H. Pierson, Jr.

Mrs. Charles M. Pigott

Dr. Karol Pilarczyk

Mr. & Mrs. William Piper

Mr. & Mrs. Ronald G. Piskork

Mrs. P. E. Pitts

Mr. David Pixley

Mrs. Louise E. Planet

Ms. Elinor Plimack

Ms. Clarideth J. Plott

Ms. Diane J. Plotts

Mr. Richard R. Plum

Mr. John E. Poland

Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Pollard

Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Pomeroy

Ms. Janice Popp

Mr. & Mrs. Dwight J. Porter

Mrs. Elias H. Porter

Mrs. Mary Ann Porter

Mr. Charles H. Potter, Jr.

Mrs. Sandra A. Potter

Mr. & Mrs. Steven E. Potts

Mr. & Mrs. Franklin E. Powell

Mr. Watson Powell, Jr.

Mr. Patrick K. Preminger

Dr. Robert C. Prentice

Ms. Jana Prewitt

Mrs. Helen G. Price

Dr. Robert E. Price

Mr. Lolt D. Proegler

Mrs. Juanita Prough

Ms. Laurel Provine

Mr. R.A. Praszynski

Mr. Henry Pupke

Mr. & Mrs. John E. Purcell

Mr. W. M. Quackenbush

Ms. Marjorie R. Quandt

Mr. & Mrs. James Quarles

Mr. Fred Quebec

Miss Anne E. Quiggle

Mr. Michael J. Quigley, HI

Ms. Dennis O. Quinn

Mr. Jeff Raben

Colonel & Mrs. Robert S. Rabinowitz

Mr. Charles Anton Rademaker

Mr. Lawrence Randall

Mr

. & Mrs. Donald A.

Rankin

Mr

. Coleman Raphael

Miss Ann Rasche

Mr Mr Ms Mr. Mr Ms Mr Mr Ms Mr Mr

Mr Mr Mr Mr Ms Ms Ms

. Robyne Rast:

. Eleanor L. Rathbun

. W. Wyatt Rauch

. & Mrs. Earl C. Ravenal . & Mrs. F. Jan Ravenscroft . & Mrs. Paul Rawn

s. Carol H. Ray

. Ruth A. Ray

s. Robert Raymond

. & Mrs. Lawrence Raz . Patricia Reardon

s. Jane S. Reaves

. Ralph H. Redford

. Sue Redman

s. E. N. Redmon

. D. R. Redmond

. Atlee J. Reeb

. Sara Reed

. William A. Reed

. William R. Reed

. Conrad Reese

. & Mrs. Robert Reeves . Ann Regan

. Lynn Regnery

. Carol A. Reichgut

Mrs. Frances Reid Mr. Robert J. Reid

Mr Mr. Mr

. W. Reid s. Joan Reilly

. Lawrence F. Reinalcer

Mr. Ray Reinheimer

Mr. & Mrs. John W. Reiser Dr. John W. Remo

Mr. Paul A. Renard

Mr. & Mrs. G. Resnick

Dr. Mary Restifo

Mrs. N. Linn Reusswig Mr. & Mrs. J. C. Reynierse Mr. Don F. Reynolds

Mr. R. L. Rhodes, Jr.

Dr.

Walter Ricci

Mr. Robert Rice Mr. G. R. Rich

Dr.

Nancy E. Rich

Mr. E. Jerome Richards Mr. B. Richardson Mrs. R. M. Richardson Ms. Pamela Richey

Mi Mi

ss Nancy Ann Ridenhour ss Rozanne L. Ridgway

Mr. M. M. Rifkin

Ms. Mary Lou Riley

Mr. James F. Rill

Dr. J. Jerome Rinaldi

Mrs. H. T. Rindal

Ms. Kimberly Ringley

Miss Marilyn Rising

Mr. David M. Ritchie

Mr. Robert L. Ritter

Mr. & Mrs. Carlos Rivas

Mr. & Mrs. Chalmers M. Roberts

Mr. George O. Roberts

Mrs. Helen Roberts

Mr. & Mrs. Richard Roberts

Ms. Ruth Roberts

Mrs. Susan E. Roberts

Dr. Louise W. Robertson

Ms. Jean Robins

Mr. & Mrs. J. M. Robinson

Ms. Jane Washburn Robinson

Dr. N. M. Robinson

Ms: De Ann Roddy

Mr. S. Rodriguez

Ms. Duane C. Roe

Dr. & Mrs. D. K. Roeder

Mr. & Mrs. Albert K. Roehrig

Mr. Scott Roeth

Mr. Arthur H. Rogers

Ms. Bonnie M. Rogers

Mr. H. Rogers

Ms. Mimi Rolland

Mr. Alan R. Rollow

Ms. Barbara K. Rolph

Ms. I. Romero

Dr. Barbara Roop

Mrs. H. D. Root

Mr. & Mrs. Robert W. Root

Mrs. M. Elaine Roschman

Mrs. J.S. Rose

Mr. & Mrs. John M. Rose

Dr. & Mrs. Quentin Rose

Mr. & Mrs. Raymond T. Rose

Norman R. Rosen (Ret)

Mr. Daniel Rosenbaum

Mr. Ernest S. Rosenberg

Mr. M. L. Rosenthal

Mr. & Mrs. Richard R. Rosettie

Mrs. Arthur H. Ross

Mr. Dale Ross

Mr. David W. Ross

Dr. Mitchell Neal Ross

Dr. James A. Roth

Mrs. M. W. Roth

Ms. Janice K. Rothlauf

Mrs. Elizabeth D. Rott

Dr. James A. Rourke

Mr. & Mrs. Herbert J. Rowe

Mr. & Mrs. Josiah P. Rowe

Mr. Gerald M. Rubin

Mr. & Mrs. Donald Ruegg

Ms. Jeanne Ruesch

Mrs. James A. Rugh

Mr. Lawrence A. Ruh

Mr. Jay A. Runkel

Dr. Edward C. Ruth

Mr. William Rutledge

Mr. William A. Rutter

Dr. & Mrs. Abner Sachs

Mr. & Mrs. W. Leo Saddler

Mr. & Mrs. Richard H. Salz

Ms. Jean E. Sammet

Ms. Linda Sampey

Mr. Charles L. Samz

Mr. James N. Sande, Jr.

Dr. Janice E. Sanders

Mr. T. B. Sanders

Mr. Ronald Sanderson

Ms. Arbelyn W. Sansone

Mr. Nilo M. Santiago

Mr. Thomas J. Sarmento

Mr. George A. J. Sarner

Mrs. Stanley J. Sarnoff

Mr. Rodney W. Saubers

R. Wayne Sayer

Mr. Francis B. Sayre

Mr. James P. Scannell

Sheryl Scarborough

Mr. & Mrs. John P. Schaefer

Mr. Thomas R. Schafer

Mr. Charles W. Schaffer, Jr.

Ms. Judith Schalit

Dr. E. A. Schenk

Mrs. Robert S. Scheu

Mr. Roger Schlemmer

Dr. S. P. Schmal

Captain Victor A. G. Schmidt

Mr. Albert D. Schmutzer

Miss Marguerite V. Schneeberger

Ms. Katy Schnitger

Mr. James Schnitz

Mrs. Debra C. Schoenstein

Mr. Adolf Schoepe

Mrs. Jean D. Schrader

Dr. Leonard Schreier

Mr. Allen B. Schroeder

Mrs. Gene M. Schroeder

Mr. & Mrs. J. Schroeder

Mr. Edward J. Schroeder, Jr.

Mr. Donald Schuder

Mr. Robert Schwaner

Mrs. Lillian E. Schwartz

Dr. Edward H. Schwarz

Mr. W. Harry Schwarzschild

Mr. B. Elmo Scoggin

Mr. Frank Scott

Mr. & Mrs. Harlan Scott

Mr. David C. Searey

Dr. Barbara Searle

Mr. & Mrs. Gene F. Seevers

Mr. Richard E. Seidell

Mr. Steve Mary Seidlitz

Ms. Sarahelen Selby

Mr. & Mrs. Harold J. Selinsky

Mr. Paul C. Seltman

Mr. & Mrs. Clarence Semler

Miss Susan I. Sewell

Ms. Catharine Seybold

Mr. & Mrs. Guy Shaffer

Mrs. H. Shambaugh

Mr. Kevin E. Shanahan

Dr. & Mrs. Lewis Shapiro

Mr. & Mrs. Philip H. Sharpe

Ms. Barbara W. Shaw

Dr. Daniel L. Shaw, Jr.

Mrs. Norris Shealy

Mrs. R. L. Sheetz

Dr. Carol V. Sheldon

Mr. & Mrs. George E. Sherman

Ms. Amanda Sherwin

Ms. Virginia Sherwood

Mr. David C. Shinstrom

Mr. Ken Shirey

Mr. & Mrs. Felix F. Shore

Billie Lou Short

Mrs. S.C. Shortlidge, Jr.

Mr. Roy Shrobe

Mrs. D.L. Shuman

Ms. M. L. Sibley

Ms. Martha F. Siccardi

Mr. S.S. Sickels

Mr. W. R. Sieben

Mr. & Mrs. Irving H. Siegel

Mr. Steve Sigafoos

Mr. & Mrs. Jack Silberman

Mrs. Barbara B. Silge

Victor Silveira

Dr. Lester P. Silverman

Colonel & Mrs. Robert L. Simmons

Mr. Erwin S. Simon

Mr. Raymond Simon

Mr. Robert E. Sinclair

Mr. Richard Singer

Mrs. Richard W. Singer

Ms. Tammy Sisson

Ms. M. J. Skidmore

Mr. & Mrs. George S. Skinner

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Skold

Mrs. Eileen S. Slack

Mr. Kevan Slattery

Mr. Harold Slawson

Ms. Helen Slinger

Mr. Charles E. Slonaker

Mrs. Leon Sloss

Miss Anne Smalet

Albert/Shirley Small

Dr. K. C. Smeltz

Mr. J. A. Smith III

Mr. Charles H. Smith

Mrs. Duane Smith

Mrs. Golden R. Smith

Dr. & Mrs. H. Zack Smith

Mr. Harold R. Smith

Dr. J. T. Smith

Mr. James T. Smith

Ms. Janet S. Smith

John B. Smith

Mr. Joseph C. Smith

Mr. & Mrs. Howard Worth Smith, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. James F. Smith, Jc.

Mrs. L. Smith

Mr. & Mrs. Lee Smith

Dr. Lex B. Smith

Ms. Margaret Smith

Mrs. Muriel E. Smith

Ms. R. Marianne Smith

Mr. Raymond S. Smith

Mr. S. Wylie Smith

Mr. Michael L. Smithson

Mr. Patrick Snead

Dr. George E. Snider, Jr.

Ms. Virginia L. Snider

Mr. C. Stewart Snoddy, Jr.

Mr. Edward W. Snowdon

Mr. J. Edward Snyder

Mr. David Solo

Mrs. Lawrence Solomon

Mr. Stephen Sondheim

Mr. Paul Sonnenblick

Mr. & Mrs. C.B. Sorrels

Ms. Lynn A. Soukup

Ms. Alice F. Southworth Leslie L. Spain

Mr. & Mrs. John L. Sparks Mr. H. Speer

Mr. Mark Speizer

Mr. Harry H. Spence

Mr. Thomas R. Sperling Mr. Michael G. Spishock Mr. George S. Sproesser Mrs. J. R. Spung

Mr. Omer F. Spurlock Mr. Bernie Stadiem

Mr. Marvin N. Stanford Ms. Irene T. Stankiewicz Mr. William R. Stanmeyer Mr. Philip Stanton

Ms. Karen Stanuch

Mrs. Linda J. Starzman Mr. Anthony V. Stassi, Jr. Mr. F. J. Stastny

Farmers State Bank

- Mr. & Mrs. Albert H.

Staton, Jr.

Ms. Cynthia V. Stauffacher

Mrs. Catherine Strayer

Mr. W. R. Stealey

Mr. Donald P. Stearns

Mr. & Mrs. Frederick R. Stebbins

Mr. Simon Steely

Mrs. A. Stein

Mr. Alexander W. Stein

Mr. Peter Stein

Ms. Kim R. Steinke

Mr. & Mrs. William L. Stenger

Dr. Peter J. Stephens

Mr. Richard Stephens

Mr. & Mrs. Robert B. Stephens

Mr. Mason W. Stephenson

Mrs. Shanda Stephenson

Mr. August Stepura

Mr. William Scernfe!d

Mr. Edwin L. Stevens

Mr. Jay Stevens

Ms. Suzanne E. Stevens

Mr. Ralph D. Stewart

Mr. Robert E. Stewart

Mr. John S. Stiles, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Glen E. Stillwell

Mr. & Mrs. John E. Stinchfield

Mr. & Mrs. David D. Stirrett

309

Mr. & Mrs. Frank A. Stocking

Mr. Fred Stoddard

Mr. & Mrs. Dennis W. Stolldorf

Mr. Columbus M. Storey, Jr.

Mrs. Alberta Stout

Mr. Frank D. Stout

Mrs. E. E. Stowell

Mr. S. Tudor Strang

Mr. Everett Strickland

Mr. & Mrs. E. H. Strobel

Mrs. Roxalena T. Strong

Dr. & Mrs. J. M. Sudarsky

Mr. Steven C. Suddaby

Mr. Ed Sullivan

Mr. Thomas J. Sullivan

Mr. Vincent M. Sullivan

Ms. Nuzhat Sultan-Khan

Mrs. Harriet C. Sumerwell

Mr. Sid Sussman

Mr. David M. Swan

Mr. Richard Swan

Ms. Patricia S. Swaney

Mr. H. H. Sweeney

Ms. Carolyn Swift

Mrs. Phelps H. Swift

Mr. Steven L. Swig

Smelkinson Sysco

Ms. Anne E. Tait

Ms. Donna G. Takeda

Mr. Craig Talbot

Mr. & Mrs. Leland E. Talbort

Mr. Donald J. Tamulonis

Mr. Gary E. Tanglin

Mr. Darrell G. Tangman

Mr. & Mrs. Ronald Tansky

Mr. Parker D. Tappen

Ms. Nancy Tarsitano

Ms. Nancy E. Tate

Mr. James Tateyama

Mrs. Walter Tauer, Jr.

Mr. John Tavano

Mr. John W. Taylor

Dr. Jon Taylor

Mr. G. Kimbrough Taylor, Jr.

Mr. L. H. Taylor

Mr. Mark E. Taylor

Mr. Rowan H. Taylor

Mr. T. C. Taylor

Mr. William C. Taylor

Mrs. Mary L. Tecklenburg

Ms. Linda Teixeira

Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Tennant

310

Mr. Roy Teramoto

Mr. Norman R. Thal, Jr.

Mr. Harper Thayer

Mr. Alan Thebert

Mr. Edmund Thomas

Dr. F. Joseph Thomas

Mr. & Mrs. Holcombe H. Thomas

Dr. Alvin D. Thomas, Jr.

Mr. William E. Thomas, Jr.

Mrs. Lewis V. Thomas

Ms. Marcia A. Thomas

Ms. Marjorie Thomas

Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. Thomas

Mr. & Mrs. Edward L. Thompson

Dr. Jack Thompson

Ms. Jacqueline Thompson

Mr. & Mrs. John A. Thompson

Mrs. Thelma G. Thompson

Mrs. Grace M. Thoms

Miss Isabel Thomson

Mrs. James L. Thornton

Mrs. Veronica Thorp

Miss Margaret Joy Tibbetts

Ms. Barbara L. Tierney

Mr. William J. Tierney

Mr. & Mrs. C. L. Tillman, HI

Mr. Clayton M. Timmons

Miss Catherine Tinkham

Mr. W. L. Tinslar

Mrs. J. Tischler

Mr. F.C. Titus

Christina Tochko

Mr. Hartley K. Todee

Ms. Paula Lynne Todrin

Mr. C. Tofte

Mr. Toshio Tokunaga

Mr. John A. Tolleris

Mr. & Mrs. Vladimir R.S. Tolstoy

Mr. James S. Tomes

Mr. W. W. Townes

Mr. & Mrs. F. Gerald Toye

The Honorable & Mrs. Russell E. Train

Mr. & Mrs. Francis R. Trainor

Mrs. W. Trainor

Mr. Anthony Tralla

Ms. Lorraine Tregde

Mr. Pete V. Treibley

Mr. Richard T. Trelfa

Mr. Edmond R. Tremblay

eS

i

Mr. Glenn E. Trezona

Ms. Margaret Tribble

Mr. T. Trickett

Bernard H. Trimble

Mr. Donald O. Tucker

Mr. Ernest H. Tuenge, Jr.

Mr. Robert L. Tull

Mrs. James N. Tulloh

Ms. Eva F. Tully

Ms. Christine Turnbull

Mr. James F. Turner

Mr. Richard A. Turner

Mr. Robert W. Turner

Mr. D. FE. Tuthill

Ms. Evelyn Twigg-Smith

Mr. & Mrs. Philip E. Uhrig

Reverend R. L. Ullman

Mr. Glenn A. Ulrich

Dr. Paul L. Urban

Mr. Donald Usher

Mr. Robert C. Utley

Mr. Tomoyuki Uyesugi

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Vallier

Mr. Ray E. Van Alstine

Mr. John P. Van Alstyne

Mr. J. V. Van Cura

Mrs. Deborah Van Vlack

Miss Julia M. Vance

Mrs. Richard C. Vandusen

Mr. William A. Vanelli

Ms. Caroline E. Vanmason

Mr. W. G. Vansant, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Robert F. Vanvoorhees

Mr. John A. Varela

Mr. Armen Varterssian

Mr. Samuel M. Vauclain, III

Mr. Henry J. Velsor, Jr.

Mr. Emilio Jose Venegas

Ms. Natalie D. Venneman

Mr. Richard Venning

Mr. Rowland P. Vernon, Jr.

Dr. John J. Vill

Mr. Charles Villa

Mr. J. A. Vincent

Mr. James F. Vincent

Donald J. Vitale

Mr. R. G. Volk

Ms. Florence E. Voorhees

Mrs. J. Vroom

Ms. Jill R. Wade

Ms. Frances C. Wagenseil

Mr. David H. Wagner

Mrs. J. E. Waites

Mr. Edward B. Waldmann

Mr. Robert C. Waldvogel

Mr. & Mrs. George E. Walker

Mr. James F. Walkup

Mr. Kent Wall

Mr. C. Wallace

Mr. James N. Wallace

Ms. Jane Wallace

Mr. & Mrs. J. M. Wallace, Jr.

Mr. Wayne D. Walling

Mr. Edward J. Walsh, Jr.

Mr. George R. Walter

Mr. & Mrs. Frank S. Walters

Mr. Robert W. Walton

Dr. Alan B. Wambold

Mrs. H. R. Ward

Mr. & Mrs. John W. Ward, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Robert B. Wareheim

Mr. & Mrs. Richard Wargowsky

Mr. & Mrs. C. Grant Warner

Mr. & Mrs. George E.

' Warner

Mrs. Vernell Warrington

Mr. Kyle V. Washbourne

Mrs. Wanda A. Washburn

Ms. Eileen Waslin

Dr. Bernard Wasserman

Mr. B. Y. Wat

Dr. & Mrs. Richard C. Waterbury

Ms. Ruth M. Wathen

Mr. J. C. Watkins

Mr. & Mrs. Scott J. Watson

Mr. & Mrs. Alvin D. Wax

Mr. H. Wayne Weagly

Mr. John E. Weaver

Mrs. Sylvia B. Weaver

Mr. V. Phillips Weaver

Mr. Glyn H. Webber

Mr. Richard L. Weed

Mr. William C. Weeden

Mr. Peter M. Wege

Mrs. Robert M. Weidenhammer

Mr. & Mrs. Edward Weinberg

Mrs. Marjorie Weinberg

Dr. Jon L. Weingart

Mr. Eric W. Weinmann

Charles J. Weir

Mr. G. R. Weir

Ms. Jean M. Weis

Mr. W. Weisberg

Mr. Carl J. Weisel

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph A. Weiss

Mr. Charles E. Wells

Mr. & Mrs. Terry Welsh

Mrs. D. C. Welton

Mr. P. A. Wentz

Mr. Henry Wentzien

Mr. Fred H. Werner

Mr. Gerald L. Werner

Mr. Stuart L. Werner

Kenneth F. Wesolik

Captain J. H. Wesson, US.N.

Mr. & Mrs. James T. West

Mrs. Sharon Westafer

Mr. R. R. Westberg

Mrs. Harriet K. Westcott

Ms. Betty S. Westfall

Mrs. John Wettroth

Miss Hilda Wexler

Ms. Virginia Weyres

Mr. Grant D. Whipple

Mr. Howard Whitaker, Jr.

Mr. David R. White Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Donald W. White

Mr. John K. White

Ms. Karen K. White

Leslie M. White

Mr. W. C. White

Ms. Jaan Whitehead

Mrs. Mary Tyler Whitney

Ms. Ruth E. Whitt

Mrs. Bradford A. Whittemore

Mr. Bret G. Wien

ial

Mr. & Mrs. Leonard A. Wien

Mrs. Muriel S. Wiessner

Dr. & Mrs. Herman S. Wigodsky

Dr. & Mrs. U. V. Wilcox, i

Mr. & Mrs. Edwin N. Wilkins

Mr. & Mrs. J. Burke Wilkinson

Dr. & Mrs. Robert S. Wilkinson, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Andrew W. Williams

Mr. Jack B. Williams

Mr. & Mrs. John M. Williams

Ms. Kathleen R. Williams

Mrs. Wanda Rees Williams

Mr. Kenneth R. Williamson

Mr. R. H. Williamson

Dr. & Mrs. William N. Williford

Mr. & Mrs. Vernon B. Willis

Mr. & Mrs. W. Cooper Willits

Ms. Katheryne Willock

Mr. George C. Willson

Ms. Louise W. Willson

Captain Lucille A. Wilson (Ret)

Mr. Hugh H. Wilson

Mr. F. A. Wilson, Jr.

Mr. Lowell Wilson

Mr. Paul Robert Wilson

Mr. Peter Wilson

Dr. & Mrs. Richard B. Wilson

Mr. Stephen Wilson

Mr. Wallace H. Wilson

Dr. Carl D. Winberg

Mr. Philip H. Winter

Mr. James D. Wirt

Mr. Robert Wissoker

Dr. Raymond R. Wittekind

Mr. & Mrs. William W. Wittie

Mr. David L. Wittle

Ms. Linda Wohl

Mr. Leland A. Wolf

Mrs. Harry B. Wolfe

Mr. J. Wolfgang, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Marvin Womack

Mr. Gary S. Wong

Dr. & Mrs. Thomas P. Wood

Ms. L. Wooden

Mrs. W. Woodmansee

Mr. R. H. Woodrow, Jr

Mr. Marshall D. Woods

Mrs. Louise Woodson

Mr. H. Woodward

Mrs. W.T. Wooley

Mr. & Mrs. Mark S. Woolley

Mr. Cyrus G. Wright

Mr. David M. Wright

Mrs. Harriet A. Wright

Dr. Martha Wright

Miss Nancy Wright

Dr. Reverdy E. Wright

Mr. Wallace C. Wu

Dr. Christopher Wuerker

Mrs. Bernard J. Wulff

Mr. Robert Wulff

Mr. Charles E. Wylie

Mr. Charles Yarbrough

Mrs. Orval Yarger

Mr. M.H. Yendrejczyk

Mr. John Yeomans

Ms. Rhinee Yeung

Miss Jane B. Young

Mr. & Mrs. Daniel K. Young, Jr.

Ms. Marguerite G. Young

Mrs. Patricia B. Young

Mr. Robert L. Young

Mrs. W. Young

Ms. Jean R. Youtsey

Mr. & Mrs. William A. Zachary, Jr.

Mary Zaemes

Ms. Shereen Zakauddin

‘Mr. Rudy Zalesak

Dr. Jay Zatzkin

Mr. David R. Zauner

Dr. Berton Zbar

Mrs. Robert Zeppa

Mr. Lee B. Zeugin

Mr. & Mrs. Edwin Zimmerman

Dr. Richard L. Zizza

Dr. & Mrs. M. J. Zukel

Mr. & Mrs. C. Lee Zwally

311

FINANCLAE (REPRO Re

Introduction

The Smithsonian Institution receives funding from both federal appropriations and nonappropriated trust sources. Nonappro- priated trust funds include all funds received from sources other than direct federal appropriations. These other sources include gifts and grants from individuals, corporations, and foundations; grants and contracts from federal, state, or local government agencies; earnings from short- and long-term investments; re- ceipts from membership programs; and receipts from sales activi- ties, such as Smithsonian magazine, museum shops, mail order catalogues, and food service concessions.

Federal appropriations provide funding for the Institution’s core functions: caring for and conserving the national collec- tions, sustaining basic research on the collections and in selected areas of traditional and unique strength, and educating the pub- lic about the collections and research findings through exhibi- tions and other public programs. Federal appropriations also fund a majority of the activities associated with maintaining and securing the facilities and with various administrative and support services.

Scientist Roberto Ibanez studies a frog at the Smithsonian Tropical Research In- stitute in Panama in a project to determine the causes for a de- cline in the amphibian population. (Photo- graph by Marcos Guerra).

NANCY D. SUTTENFIELD, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Smithsonian trust funds allow the Institution to undertake new ventures and enrich existing programs in ways that would not otherwise be possible. These funds provide the critical mar- gin of excellence for innovative research, building and strength- ening the national collections, constructing and presenting effec- tive and up-to-date exhibitions, and reaching out to new and under-represented audiences. In recent years, the Smithsonian has also begun to rely on trust funds for a portion of the funding for major new construction projects.

The following sections describe the external environmental factors affecting the Institution’s general financial! condition, the Institution’s financial status, and its planned response to chang- ing conditions; financial results for fiscal year 1995; and mea- sures, both organizational and financial, being taken to ensure the continued fiscal health of the Institution.

Financial Situation and Prospects

The Smithsonian celebrates its 150th anniversary in 1996. It will be an exciting year marked by the spectacular traveling exhibi- tion, America’s Smithsonian, as well as many other grand events. These events will be funded almost exclusively by private contri- butions and funds generated from business activities related to the events. Funding for these celebratory events exemplifies the paradigm shift facing the Smithsonian and many education and cultural organizations—less reliance on government and more reliance on the private sector.

The transition to this new paradigm will be challenging for the Smithsonian as it will be for many public institutions. For- tunately, the Smithsonian enters the new year with a strong balance sheet and excellent prospects for the future. The Smith- sonian occupies a special place in the hearts and minds of Amer- icans and receives generous support from its many constituen- cies. Congressional and private support continues to be strong. Through many years of prudent financial management, the Smithsonian has built a sizeable and growing endowment and adequate reserves. Moreover, the Smithsonian has taken decisive action to address prospective funding shortfalls over the last few years. Immediate steps have been taken in recent budgets both to cut cost and enhance revenues.

More fundamentally, the Institution has recognized the need to restructure—both programmatically and organizationally— to meet the challenges of the future. To better inform the restruc- turing process, the Smithsonian Board of Regents established the Commission on the Future of the Smithsonian Institution in September 1993. This Commission was asked to conduct “an examination of the Smithsonian, its mandate and its roles, and an examination of the cultural, societal, and technological fac- tors that influence its capacity to act.” The Commission deliv- ered its report to the Board of Regents in May 1995. The report describes the Commission’s vision of the future of the Smith- sonian and makes specific recommendations for making that vision a reality. The Regents formed a committee to consider the recommendations and to work with the Secretary in his strategic planning process.

Last summer, the Secretary formed a Strategic Planning Group of senior management staff to analyze, at a detailed level, potential restructuring, consistent with the mission, vision, and priorities of the Institution, that will assure fiscal stability. Sev- eral restructurings have already taken place. The Office of Plant Services, Design and Construction, and Architectural History and Historic Preservation were consolidated into the new Office of Physical Plant. This consolidation brings together three inter- dependent organizations for more efficient management of the Institution’s facilities.

The Smithsonian continues to take a close look at the effec- tiveness of its revenue-producing and fund-raising activities. Senior management currently is addressing several years of de- clining revenues at Smithsonian magazine and examining a major loss at the Smithsonian Institution Press this past fiscal year. On the fund-raising side, the Institution plans to rely on the promotion of its 150th anniversary celebration activities in

forming new and expanded relationships with individuals, cor- porations, and foundations.

The deterioration of the Institution’s facilities continues to be a major concern. The current rate of facilities deterioration and obsolescence will, if not fully addressed, place the collections, ongoing activities, and public accessibility at risk. Smithsonian facilities total more than 5.5 million square feet of space and range in age from new to more than 140 years old. Funding for maintenance, repair, and renovations has not kept pace with the deterioration of the buildings. Best estimates indicate that at least $50.0 million annually is needed to fully meet the require- ments for systematic facilities renewal and maintenance to offset normal wear and tear. While funding in fiscal year 1995 was only $24.0 million, prospects for a significant increase in fiscal year 1996 are strong. Congress has been very helpful in working with the Smithsonian to meet this challenge. It is hoped that in- creased appropriations in future years will be at a level that will arrest the rate of decline of those buildings in greatest need.

The Smithsonian faces significant challenges, but it has prepared itself to meet them by emphasizing strategic planning, focusing on a future vision, and by setting resource allocation priorities that are tied to its mission and its core functions.

FY 1995 Sources of Net Operating Funds

Federal 71% Sl ke eas ay Pe ve —

y Gifts & Grants 4%

Investments 3%

Membership & Sales 10%

Gov't G&C 11% ~~ Other 1%

Fiscal Year 1995 Results

Revenues received by the Institution in fiscal year 1995 from

all sources totaled $708.1 million. Federal appropriations ac- counted for $358.0 million, and nonappropriated trust funds provided an additional $350.1 million. When adjusted to remove auxiliary activity expenses of $185.8 million, net revenues for operations, construction, and additions to endow- ment totaled $522.3 million, a 5.7% increase from fiscal year 1994. The following chart reflects revenues by source and broad purpose of use.

313

Fiscal Year 1995 Sources of Gross/Net Revenues

Percent Net Gross Net* Operating Revenues Revenues Revenues ($millions) — ($millions) (%) Operations Federal Appropriations 313.3 313.3 71 Nonappropriated Trust Funds Unrestricted 226.8 41.0 10 Restricted Gov’t Grants and Contracts D033 50.3 11 General Restricted 36.7 36.7 8 Total Sources for Operations 627.1 441.3 100 Construction Federal Appropriations 44.7 44.7 Nonappropriated Trust Funds 7.0 7.0 Total Sources for Construction S127, S27 Endowment and Similar Funds 29.3 29.3 Total Revenues from All Sources 708.1 522.3

* Net of expenses related to revenue-generating activities, e.g., museum shops, restaurants, publications, etc.

OPERATIONS (TABLES I AND 2)

Federal appropriations of $313.3 million provided the core fund- ing for ongoing programs of the Institution. An increase of $10.9 million from the fiscal year 1994 level funded the continued de- velopment of the National Museum of the American Indian, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s Submillimeter Tele- scope Array, the move of collections to the Museum Support Center, expanded Latino programming, and partial support for inflationary increases in salaries and benefits. Unfunded but mandatory inflationary costs for salaries and benefits, rent and utilities were absorbed within baseline resources through cost savings gained from restructuring of programs and activities.

Unrestricted trust fund income showed an increase of $4.9 million from last fiscal year. Several business activities, such as Smithsonian magazine, restaurant concessions and museum shops, along with investment income, showed healthy increases. However, these increases were more than offset by the $4.5 million loss by the Smithsonian Institution Press. This unprece- dented loss led the Institution to begin to reevaluate this activity completely.

Restricted income from investments, gifts and non-govern- ment grants and contracts totaled $36.7 million, a level that sustains and modestly improves upon the large, 38% growth last fiscal year. The Institution continues to intensify its fund- raising activities and focus on new strategies. Last fiscal year was the most successful year ever in raising funds for a wide range of educational, exhibition, research, and related construc- tion programs throughout the Institution. Major gifts and grants received in fiscal year 1995 helped to support the National Postal Museum, the exhibition “How Things Fly” at the National Air

314

and Space Museum, and the establishment of the Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Inno- vation at the National Museum of American History. The Smithsonian is especially grateful to its many friends in the private sector whose generosity contributed vitally to its work. The names of major donors are listed in the Benefactors section of this publication.

In fiscal year 1995, the Institution received $50.3 million in contracts and grants from government agencies, an increase of $4.6 million over fiscal year 1994. Support from government agencies constitutes an important source of research monies for the Institution while also benefiting the granting agencies by providing access to Smithsonian expertise and resources. As in prior years, the majority of these funds were provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for research programs at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Other projects funded included a study at the Smithsonian Environ- mental Research Center of the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and support for sorting biological specimens from the polar regions at the National Museum of Natural History.

ENDOWMENT (TABLES 3, 4, AND 5)

The Institution pools its endowment funds for investment purposes into a consolidated portfolio, with each endowment purchasing shares in a manner similar to shares purchased by an investor in a mutual fund.

The Investment Policy Committee of the Smithsonian’s Board of Regents establishes investment policy and recommends the annual payout for the consolidated endowment. The Smith- sonian’s policies for managing the endowment are designed to achieve two objectives: 1) to provide a stable, growing stream of payouts for current expenditures and 2) to protect the value of the endowment against inflation and maintain its purchasing power. Current policy calls for an average payout of 4.5 percent of the average market value over the prior five years. With this payout policy, to achieve the endowment’s objectives, the invest- ment policy targets a real rate of return of 5 percent.

In fiscal year 1994, the Investment Policy Committee approved a new asset allocation policy with higher exposure to equities to increase expected return, while controlling risk through modest international diversification. During fiscal year 1995, the Com- mittee implemented this policy. The investment managers were given global mandates, and new specialist investment managers were hired for domestic and international equities.

As depicted in the chart below, the market value of the en- dowment increased from $379.0 million to $434.6 million dur- ing fiscal year 1995. Of the $434.6 million, $189.6 million, or 44 percent, was unrestricted, and the balance of $245.0 million was restricted. New gifts and internal transfers totaling $3.4 mil- lion were added to the endowment while the payout was $14.8 million. Investment management fees were $1.2 million. The total return on the consolidated portfolio was 18.3 percent. At year end, the Institution’s portfolio was invested 76 percent in equities, 21 percent in bonds, and 3 percent in cash equivalents.

Marker Value of Endowment and Similar Funds (in $ millions)

($ millions)

$450 ORestricted, Freer ®Restricted, Other

$400 Unrestricted $344

$350* $324 $300 1

1992 1993 1994.—«1995 Fiscal Year

CONSTRUCTION AND PLANT FUNDS (TABLE 6)

In fiscal year 1995, the Smithsonian received federal appropria- tions for construction netting $44.7 million after a rescission affecting both fiscal year 1995 and balances from prior years. Net funds provided in fiscal year 1995 included $24 million

for general repair, restoration, and code compliance projects throughout the Institution. Although the repair amount Is a substantial sum, it is less than half the estimated $50.0 million per year required to keep up with the rate of deterioration in the physical plant. Net funds earmarked for new construction, al- terations, and modifications totaled $20.8 million. Included in this amount is $19.5 million to continue development of a collections, study, reference, and support facility in Suitland, Maryland, and the Mall facility for the National Museum of the American Indian; $3.0 million for renovations, repairs, and mas- ter plan projects at the National Zoological Park, including con- struction of the African Grasslands exhibit; and $2.4 million in rescissions related to prior years.

Additions and transfers to nonappropriated trust construc- tion funds, termed plant funds, totaled $10.2 million. Approxi- mately $5.4 million was for construction of facilities for the National Museum of the American Indian, $1.6 million was for renovation of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, and $2.2 million was for reinstallation of the Gem Hall at the National Museum of Natural History.

Financial Condition

The Smithsonian Institution’s Statement of Financial Condition represents the total assets, liabilities, and fund balances of the Institution. Total assets of $1.2 billion far exceed total liabilities of $187.0 million and are indicative of the financial strength of the Institution. In fact, only $3.4 million of the $187.0 million in liabilities represents long-term debt. The Smithsonian dnstitu- tion’s assets increased by $96.0 million since the end of fiscal year 1994, while liabilities increased by just $37.0 million for the same period.

Financial Management

The Institution’s overall effectiveness in utilizing its newly imple- mented purchasing and payables system accelerated during fiscal year 1995. It began to use newly available data from the system, such as transaction status, purchase volume by type of product, individual staff output, etc., to generate efficiencies in procure- ment and document processing. Significant progress was also made on the second phase of a new accounting system that in- cludes replacement of the Institution’s general ledger, financial reporting, and management information system. A new coding structure has been developed that will provide new opportunities to report on and analyze programmatic activities and to increase the utility of financial reports for management decision-making.

Other financial management improvement initiatives under- taken in 1995 include:

e Finance units routinely make use of internal and external cus- tomer feedback, strategic and operational planning, performance measurement, and process reengineering to continually improve.

e New approaches have been developed to increase procure- ments from minority and small business contractors.

e Teams developed the policies and procedures necessary to implement new not-for-profit accounting standards for contribu- tions (SFAS No. 116) and financial statement presentation (SFAS No. 117) effective in 1996.

e Procurement efficiencies and improved customer service were achieved through limited use of electronic data interchange strategies and expanded delegations of authority while maintain- ing effective internal controls.

e New systems, processes, and procedures were developed so that the Institution could shift to Office of Management and Budget Circular A-122, Cost Principles for Nonprofit Organiza- tions, which covers federal grants and contracts received by the Institution. Previously, the Smithsonian followed cost principles for educational institutions.

e Work began on an initiative that will automate the plan- ning and budget formulation process.

Audit Activities

The Institution’s financial statements are audited annually by KPMG Peat Marwick, an independent public accounting firm. The audit plan includes an in-depth review of the Institution’s internal control structure. KPMG Peat Marwick’s Independent Auditors’ Report for fiscal year 1995 and the accompanying fi- nancial statements are presented on the following pages. The Smithsonian’s internal audit staff, part of the Office of Inspector General, assists the external auditors and regularly audits the In- stitution’s various programs, activities, and internal control sys- tems. The Audit and Review Committee of the Board of Regents provides an additional level of financial oversight and review.

In accordance with the government requirement for the use of co- ordinated audit teams, the Defense Contract Audit Agency, the Smith- sonian Office of Inspector General, and KPMG Peat Marwick coor- dinate the audit of grants and contracts received from federal agencies.

315

Table 1. Source and Application of Operating Funds for the Year Ended September 30, 1995 (in $000s)

Nonappropriated Trust Funds Total Restricted Federal Funds and Total Nonappropriated Government Non- Trust Funds Federal Grants and _—Appropriated Funds Unrestricted General Contracts Trust Funds FY 1995 FY 1994 FUND BALANCES: Beginning of Year ..... $35,624 $39,396 $24,576 $ 63,972 $99,596 $101,166 FUNDS PROVIDED: Federal Appropriations (see Note 1) ...... 313,254 313,254 302,349 InvestmenteImCOme ys,chedeus,=yck> Sytasceccneusisve tous 10,756 9,915 20,671 20,671 18,268 Government Grants and Contracts ....... 50,353 50,353 50,353 45,701 Gifts & Non-Government Grants ........ 9,859 23,340 33,199 33,199 32,175 Sales and Membership Revenue ......... 193,808 193,808 193,808 197,233 (@theripsyereeepsesrsasloe a eyncye heats Seasieineones 12,398 3,428 15,826 15,826 8,844 TOTAL FUNDS PROVIDED ......... 313,254 226,821 36,683 50,353 313,857 627,111 604,570 TOTAL FUNDS AVAILABLE......... 348,878 266,217 61,259 50,353 377,829 726,707 705,736

FUNDS APPLIED:

Sciences: ASSISTANTISECECLARY gi); salcs.'sx a <ysus] sgn te=,scs ame 1,168 507 76 18 601 1,769 1,644 Office of Fellowships and Grants ........ 17 1,612 334 1,946 2,125 1,713 Astrophysical Observatory ............. 13,878 8,739 452 44.684 53,875 67,753 62,077 Less Overhead Recovery ............-. (7,672) (7,672) (7,672) (6,879) Tropical Research Institute............. 7,776 1,598 1,107 311 3,016 10,792 10,715 Environment Research Center .......... 2,564 236 45 1,142 1,423 3,987 3,591 National:Zoological! Park.) 8-2. 04.4..%- 17,604 1,362 3,128 748 5,238 22,842 21,168 Smithsoniam Archives’. oi. 6s.6:s.0:s06%.5 6 eure 1,202 105 39 144 1,346 1,225 Smithsonian Libraries ...............- 5,920 775 134 4 913 6,833 6,937 International Environmental

SciencewRropramyss ccm sate sant cstd eee 764 764 671 Major Scientific Instrumentation ........ 9,288 9,288 7,796 National Museum of Natural History .. .. 35,635 2,960 4,708 2,050 9,718 45,353 44,512 Conservation Analytical Laboratory ...... 2,950 160 44 204 3,154 2,803 Museum: Support Genter <2... .5.s'ns0%.. 3 3,660 1 1 3,661 3,173 International Relations .............%- 551 408 2 227 637 1,188 1,189

potalisclencesy rs. ..yec tessa iene cue 103,139 10,791 10,025 49,228 70,044 173,183 162,335

Arts and Humanities:

IAASSISEANT SECIELALY cee eas soe Sue os ee 971 600 24 1 625 1,596 2,644 Office of Museum Programs ........... 914 119 16 135 1,049 962 National Air and Space Museum ........ 112755 9,254 959 853 11,066 22,821 19,750 National Museum of American History . . . 17,265 1,911 1,842 123 3,876 21,141 24,654 National Postal Museum ........... ; 461 133 2,768 2,901 3,362 3,368 National Museum of the American Indian . . 12,504 336 325 661 13,165 12,909 National Museum of American Art ...... 6,837 2,250 1,812 4,062 10,899 9,330 National Portrait Gallery .............. 5,532 419 97 516 6,048 5,441 Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. . 4,146 797 1,315 2,110 6,256 8,255 Freer! Gallery OfsArt ys. cie Sis «ieteve sicie sve oo s,3 2,281 259 3,496 3,755 6,036 5,501 Arthur M. Sackler Gallery ............. 3,149 237 1,801 2,038 5,187 4,722 Archives'of’American Art si 2.05 c.0.5.. 1,486 48 744 792 2,278 2,168 Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum . . 2,398 2,163 600 49 2,812 5,210 5,603 National Museum of African Art ........ 3,861 167 (23) 144 4,005 3,900 National African American Museum ... .. 449 293 100 393 842 ANACOSTIA MUSEUM wis lecete s elete i siete eis one's 1,049 309 14 323 1,372 1,612 Office of Exhibits Central ............. 1,989 49 49 2,038 2,660 Traveling Exhibition Service ............ 2,302 1,696 1,755 22. 3,473 5,775 4,806 SE — — —————— Total Art and Humanities............ 79,349 21,040 17,643 1,048 39,731 119,080 118,285

Education and Public Service:

IASSISTANTASCCLETALY/ehsrejcrsqstsio,ofsvcue-ois is jaisf sis 417 488 6 494 911 940 Center for Folklife Programs and @ulturaliStudies s .\fco5.. ccc fe eke 3s 1,258 2,110 505 2,615 3,873 3,112 Office of Elementary and Secondary/Educationyitoet. teneie..cheyeusis lek 503 8 211 70 629 1,132 1,051 National Science Resources Center ....... 161 234 234 395 451 ee Total Education and Public Service ... .. 2,339 3,180 722 70 3,972 6,311 5,554 ee ————————EEEEE———E—=E__ EE

316

Table 1. Source and Application of Operating Funds for the Year Ended September 30, 1995 (in $000s) (continued)

Nonappropriated Trust Funds Toral

Restricted Federal Funds and Total Nonappropriated Government Non- Trust Funds Federal Grants and = Appropriated Funds Unrestricted General Contracts Trust Funds FY 1995 FY 1994 Se

External Affairs: Office of Telecommunications .......... 305 739 150 889 1,194 1,146 Visitor Information and Associates’

ReceprioniGenter, s,s 5-<<cusiyccr nes 28 269 1,330 2 1,332 1,601 1,499 Office of Special Events and

Conference Services ..........------ 194 194 194 253 Smithsonian Institution Press ........... 1,270 22;753 83 22,836 24,106 23,626 IMapazinesrres stoscte sie crctersters sista eie mirdsis io 62,576 62,576 62,576 63,119 The Smithsonian Associates .........-.. 32,728 25) ZUR AY 32,753 34,744 IPCC aAPAGEAVIUIOS! orc sc¥ Fen cs ase ieusneielisveieiiel e212 10

—eEeEeEeyexy—eEEEEEE——E————————————————————————————— eee EE eee

Total External Affairs............... 1,844 120,320 260 120,580 122,424 124,397 Institutional Advancement ............. 88 12,716 494 13,210 13,298 5,717 Business Management/Activities......... 54,720 54,720 54,720 53,634 PATENITUISUEACION: Ga ayers orsce ncarar sw dieses = s.nl ese 27,789 16,200 380 7 16,587 44,376 46,816

Less Overhead Recovery ..........-.. (12,317) (12,317) (12,317) (10,669) acilittest Services jo..ccpe ss ues icesa cine etc ee 82,246 1,404 26 1,430 83,676 82,457 Transfers Out/(In): HIS CASUGY preemie: folertcsseteisiaiecs stele sce (svenete 1,657 L657. 1,163 Plant pecieroevctetetes siete stake ie ee Sete Sees ene (594) 3,134 2,540 2,540 1,384 IEMGOWMERE Se herciciacd oc ects Bees ce oe 798 S273 4,071 4,071 4,384

1,657 204 298,451 228,258

11,203 3,600

6,407 6,611 8,268 613,019 11,203

2,889

6,931

35,957 50,353 314,568 595,457

Expenses Against Prior Years’ Obligations . . CHANGES IN FUND BALANCES ........

FUND BALANCES—End of Year fSCeMNOTE2 Vaans, coc ahcrsrapeceussagacsieie ss eva ss

10,683

(1,437) 726 (711) (1,570)

$39,224 $37,959 $25,302 $63,261 $102,485 $99,596

Note 1: Excludes $225 thousand in FY 1994 and $265 thousand in FY 1995 received as a permanent indefinite appropriation for the Canal Zone Biological Area Fund. Also excludes $1,459 thousand received in FY 1994 and $966 thousand received in FY 1995 foreign currency for research projects in India. Note 2: The Federal fund balance includes $32 million associated with no-year appropriations and $7.5 million associated with annual appropriations for fiscal years 1991-1995.

Table 2. Auxiliary Activities, Fiscal Year 1995 (in $000s)

Sales and Net Membership Revenue Revenue Gifts Expenses (Loss) B19 DA ate eae yest Moet aed A oRIe Kea cr ce fice fevcirz afentns (ousvaieys Iusavieiauine (Meuss@ie sieusirascolesdis),s 3/6/30 % $197,233 $9,372 $183,142 $23,463 FY 1995: Central Auxiliary Activities: WVIAC AZIMES! Goo re operate rset seis oracle sstereah se wince « 4 Sin iale stile woinlate sie ats a slave: s eieimietale.e) ¢ 71,906 i 62,576 9,337 DHE, SMITMSOMIAMASSOCIATES) «vies, -.0.0.0 occc eps cpee 618 Bose eie o 40 Sine eho we eiaie! ols win eels dite 6 31,462 8,781 36,914 3,329 Business: Manapements) aie, execs ie.c-e otyoe oso sie cance niene owe ei aceieia ewe oa a ssid nie eral 7 463 (456) Museum Shops/Mail Order ........ 2-2 c cece cece cree eect eee tet eeernnes 56,493 51,448 5,045 GOTICESSIONS pete ye eee ei oes ero ese uegsha aie fois tovalforslis aie yar Sie tee eel estes eurgenelienscetars eves 3,577 2,025 1,552 GY Mer ie ean sens oe easy arouse eager joi obeys Voie are afattonalian als Oe tet ier) n mlorauclaersisefene 1,751 781 970 Smithsonian Institution Press ........--- eee eee e erect tere terete eee teeeeeee 18,191 22,676 (4,485) Electronic: MediasACtivitieS se.cvecocaveiensvarereve sus sce wieuacas 015647800 wee eg ee ep enaie Sa wala ets 59 16 43 Bureau Auxiliary Activities: Air and Space Theater and Einstein Planetarium ......--+.+0 02+ esse eerrttceeee 4,275 2,960 1,315 Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum .........-- 000 eee e eee erent serene 817 502 315 Traveling Exhibition Services ...... 2.0.2 e cece eee e cece eee e ence eetteenees 840 977 (137) Fern eee sia area ae are eile eveveravelieiaeate/eics wisiaite estates slcel-di/e) sys 10)%ay'o))a) ov ojin Coisiie nani sie =\ 4,430 560 4,453 537 AOE EY IOS: Wag vere ic re va te sate cafuite oils to sfoilerinyte joile reise; 6%. Dievrevayev'eiigie! eieiaie. ia @iacstialey eas alee $193,808 $9,348 $185,791 $17,365

Table 3. Endowment and Similar Funds, September 30, 1995 (in $000s)

Book Market Value Value ASSETS: Pooled Consolidated Endowment Funds: (GashYandlequivalentsaersp peters eyes acces a Gs sky ose oN ca cguebete teh c abo catechins etetacey Soares oranslate tos fue ict ouemleuee vedo umes $24,638 $24,638 ANCEKEUNCIReCElV a DLC MES iii c cise) ones occ devanahe ponds. Cooueouus davsasausitcied “dge eaeteua tbo master one canal o. cin cet onaatemidins eather ee ane 1,495 1,495 Si Governmentsand| Government) © bliga tion Sway s.24eveycjoxeketaseusjs/ agi coasksuensecusdegapepsucus coun goaeievovspsyenoitnee nc wohevshsicnsierereas 34,441 34,671 Bei Sa ee aoe, Nae oo Siig: Rusiey ocecacor audpolohebeabtaiis Stace oreunisuniaeatetalara oto webcererdisiern cue cidcate ecm 52,638 54,451 GonvertiblevPreferred yee rtra ccs acheive Sev ter ate cis) vase oe sien cess tne os ana os ener atctia ayaa bepcee. Aye acetate &, SPAMS cue ahr Setar sts 7,054 8,387 SOCKS HARON NCTE a PMe Lap LISA A Le, aiteneysn aye yerelicre ave, euclictnue ate due ahi Gisiaynid foeidua: Sosvald adysveueacaubnavevarduavee ovnrhe tieoss 270,090 319,742 ReceivablepfomSecurities:SOld ciara, cseretese a) sue tanaies sais (sisters sofas endisoye ientdshel osahanas aL eee: dfeokes! Aisyvade ad speravevoueieesereeasl ene 3,113 3,113 Hota lPPGoledphundsyepreccyatspe sveycuspeg-ve:coriseneynsevel <1 a-e/cusireXe\oiyra ov adey a eal eveyey oy ayaa dyaady Seeesuctaieys catch cdasel as Sheroisnore test 393,469 446,497 Nonpooled Endowment Funds: [oanttonWsSumlreasurysnPerpenultys see ats .ecerevays wieesysy cronateqenere era cts aie 1 Sypapaie Stenctisea faitellieve oxauellota se aflshanevetsia ie 0635 1,010 1,040 Receivables ier. merce pores gos crc ecectaners) aids siete: ertelia ion eve’ oi oitei/ohensueravieronohorist sxcous ta denanenayedetles ciel Saswsion sien onaMleneiret feilave levencvs Ko vonewe 18 18 Investmentsvmi GharitablewUrustsis tayesac 2 cous Goce ahs.m annie) shop eoselouny manag) 1 Cusaoh © sevens esta weyers tayo er etepeate eve eeleve ose 1,467 1,580 sTocallNonpooled:Fumds 5g .o7z co's: orsevavs, ove 005 Sysvausve say's avs. ors cor airs aye sie. shisiei a eueietasg araveisibrs eueteeue, cert magia © Selene 2,495 2,638 Bh OCalWASSEES wravewawaheiroccvcuebotisderi-welsueuasuake beac onehthsiansnes 20 arcieyclis)weiceid iyentuen Ole yeus)oouetce Gas Syed derspocenisyerecat sia, dea ucanTe-estous $395,964 $449,135

LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCES:

LIABILITIES: Pavablestorssechiritiesphurchased) casts favs attests 6: loval(sv'ae/ a) everTohenshcieseiala’ sis setts «. aevoue fuse waters) a2 Suey atete ares oO atehe $12,923 $12,923 DeferredjRevenue— Charitable: Trusts) ci... se. @ © ors eres ceive anole 05) 46 syahet ener atat aire cg el see Ryesira: Sra cvayetie oehace erate 1,467 1,580 Potalbleta Dilsties ese eee ckevet eves etepsyctey atone cassia vedere: cia ste ilsuoncus%e cayayca.aie auavebe faust et avieragece cure) nai chntene ee erate eee eae aeTe 14,390 14,503 FUND BALANCE: Wnrestricted Purpose: Crue; ENGOWIMENE: air; 0) 5, dithei onic! seuss s ole asehe seebetove aiglziant erere. ici die, sumie sel eiain 6.4.46 eee ohare 9,890 12,004 QuasiVEndowmentqaisa2 isis, scsutsyeieyetel «ater apayacene 2 sr sfeaish myers (< seqenveraeeminweies recare eeepc even 158,121 177,634 WotalUnrestricted\Purpose oz aerciscsreve aca;acs bo efaucraje. cus ete eusvee)s 41a ele uersce aye aie oie e.@ eieneeteresows.n. ve Ca siviel oes 168,011 189,638 Restrictedt Purpose: plrue vend OWmMeNt, sis src a svar evel =: 5:75 aire, desarcace: a a RMayat a a fence eyed are Taf sve Se ane rate raenay chs thea -aete ve sia s 137,785 159,595 QuasiEndownmiente cs scs7r ee pase aa ae aw 5a aes Sch SPN Lalor eee SSS 9 Sa TAS enevetehienavehe 75,778 85,399 eT otalsRestrictedsPurpOseessre taravarevat a ep sbo ta aye on ow) Socana wancac ORs ayccl Aca ooh rd ire veyavehee Ps Beste cwcreniere wae (evaneta N= as, cepeeeeae 213,563 244,994 PPOPAIPE AUC sa LANICES seperti ore cana le: cleo edacsalk cays yeirorsey dycelaehs ubscose iancacnerore Bre sua ceteeoe ensis-GlelBue miwaece Wie. ous repartee eteuetels 381,574 434,632 rotalieiabilitiestandtkund'Balancesicv:. oA7netard aaees Sha avsvena chaveveieter ateatine oteimnav tS, cre adie) set atehe tale} ba wis, aGte tava s $395,964 $449,135 Table 4. Changes in Market Value of Endowment and Similar Funds, Fiscal Year 1995 (in $000s) Unrestricted Freer Restricted Total VERTIS DAV let me— 1 9 cr ee avonice eiie ceiistanyel-oca's! wiiescovat-oraue ets ca lavar Piva Weirn aire hfe Srayercaia. arayaniaraareyera $166,799 $64,821 $147,410 $379,030 Changes: Gifts mire estps ies Sc rssccuicveiereravass cucie ova OR eetelera. one, oréyalie ensue oveilenesa Se Guest wide wie, secenese 171 _— 1,553 1,724 Gifes=—Orasiy ccc ter chee ce sreae eit aiererecs laa! sustel dveshi a bersieia due aia-aisioqatelana oid erdrapere ae Scvevee 512 — 1,946 2,458 Interna lughransterspertersicrsfore siera cle e arace oreo eoarot ase oie eiSeeimiecs 5 Siajeled Sis ay tiadeaysstra’ aagerai (755) — 27. (728) Other Interest-anGeDividends: ‘ere... s-cscre.cisys ve: doc.clohers ik ole, wttiwters Weieratapallozalleraene lofrenatelere a ererets 8,080 3,127 7,173 18,380 MarketaValuevAppreciation < s<ie.s1cccve cco x ele teia's so cre cele wc © soeieypieie) © cpelerpere a eupoaleceiace 21,879 8,428 19,500 49,807 Day ULES Meena ett aras cre siayersreisian icin role hci nere er cmrere Pee sancayanya Dam ayaie eracaiayeueworerans (6,519) (2,519) (5,794) (14,832) MaMa PCS I RECS Esmee eee eile eterehers ooh heehee, a7 2 cls) cial 2 le hiss siesaiay sie avate o's ateysiererere (529) (206) (472) (1,207) Meir KetaW al ea 9/01 9 Sire ext gevstate cucvazsyatevs rokerepare 7s eie cone aree, sos ecia( alec’ ae t) x1e ads acolerocyersic $189,638 $73,651 $171,343 $434,632

Table 5. Endowment Funds, September 30, 1995

Principal Income Book Market Net Unexpended Value Value Income Balance UNRESTRICTED PURPOSE—TRUE: Avenvabunds(SeeyNotect)i) crac = cynic Reeth Sheree ea ess ister onsWonauerenecs eucres $318,551 $395,100 $13,924 $s — OU PENPatriCiag heey tel apo Woy Toe ei howe ckehesaa tl treteNelenone/Serace oye witie aie ee 1,807 1,946 54 = Fund forthe Future—— Unrestricted «S12 lait Siac a ce ee cath ad butyetece woe na 129,890 135,450 4,266 _ Fuipheem larry, Memorial c2cvccnictecsse cieterstets) 2 ope evore exeetetabene lee re: arapors 114,738 139,406 4,767 — odekinsphund i(Seev Note: 1!) ao a tcsie's eerste anes save en onsketestle te cial, fiaievs 437,251 490,816 20,208 —— Morgan, Gilbert B. and Betty J. Memorial Fund ................... 49,773 55,054 1,883 — INIOELOWSD WIP GE eee are te: «ccs austere ers ieteeenniar ssid (ole reba Gustanetsaite cv tra ole due 578,860 727,376 24,873 —— MussinansAlfred iti ysis ircctic aoa) sb Riel die bo aie ales en Phos aoa des 174,880 212,716 7,274 = @lmsted whielenyA Gee pe ceiers, coc sees eae ehesitel tre ee enarn ce Te etav eine Webi cnaial ata ae 5,977 7,425 254 = Pooresucyjlsand! George’ W..(See Note D)t 3. cc. ce EN Site ee eh oe 1,274,690 1,596,361 55,375 = PorterpblenrysKirkess Memorial occ. iste le tieleue!oeensie eile atelahelellehs!s! «10 9% o/s 2,138,859 2,685,932 91,845 = Sanford Georgertla (Sees NOtedli)igaahccreseics, aise sue ueseuansithote Nise fevers, Wiacans 8,465 10,229 382 = SmithsonseJamesi(SeesNote Ll) fancce ctheetehaiar agaya ails war eiaaetn wfetaece ee eevee 967,672 9935115 14,179 = SmithsonwsOclery James cee apsises, eke pare hor ee ace seie tary wile a ele tere, wale) aaian 349,522 366,720 47,772 = Walcott Charles D. and Mary Vaux, Research (Designated) ........... 3,339,427 4,186,096 143,144 107,224 Corfe all ocelae ig 3 ae ee me ee 9,890,362 12,003,742 430,200 107,224 UNRESTRICTED PURPOSE—QUASI: Pod pemPatrictat cprvcrstrs (scree inca 12 encpepsbseepensiere ae sks le eceye aisice, nie is Sevsiici 214,891 221,911 7,588 reba @harlessblenmprsy ys faccncectoticten chain ceemsh sc sisnsiis: cas eisevetot ence vanciroste) or ener 1,441,201 1,606,667 54,940 == Rerpusonsy RcanicesyD peeps tages ics (ae src cgchaz one avalavaraies tela aucnsv on o(eyeNepeys 733,106 797,187 27,260 = ROLreSt pK O DELO Cine nen racs circa hecegete Sinyenacera hE bm ean He RO Oa D 7,309,133 8,094,297 276,785 _— Fund for the Future—Unrestricted .......... 0.002 e eee e es eeee 415,499 425,203 12,858 —_ General Endowment (See Note 1) .......... 0.2 eee eee eee ee eee 124,750,403 140,888,139 4,815,544 _ Goddard#Robertaklss ts fat.cct Sos anche sve/arsaccs.ctece. ous waste ora saces secs vce selena 57,863 64,101 2,192 —_— Eiabel Dre: (SeesNoterl).. ss secs 2 sais srageteievs nocd ease aieye gyaseatacer ss ayers 827 858 44 —_— Earn Gusta vitss beras: corcse ceo sterersce st arama need ioeec Sim arayeransrie grasses a aire 4,014 4,797 164 —_— Elen nya Garolime asters pp oes ery ey oversee os heiio se esinge vai ee aieueee, ie 9,918 11,831 405 —_— lenny) osephrandshlarriet; Avi ist1s-cr ye qcgsie ois. ¢coue. ey oxaurseeule o.. auni elious. aie SOT27, 473,206 16,181 — Elev se Maude! Gent kens ce ensrcteaciie aps iene layer sire. eusi. sio.lasjeadle: (elidel aig) si aaa"bat 706,218 787,618 26,933 —_— Tinton G@arnien SUSAllmeyetere essere ree eee eee resin wystereniaatone sueasidace nue 198,022 230,404 7,879 —_— Koteen DOrotnyaBemeyeicrtie ches eserestaces shay shavenriace ad tavadusonete sigue an fyaver azencis 259,211 274,839 9,398 — Neambertabaulal Graces icici, ics encyaievs erence tccs tus dard wGnegenetveo@ Oeie ee <8 360,086 422,706 14,454 — Whe cinuist Grace aps aA cones cce asthe Nava: tae Sopa ae wicmare ee BK oye. Bae 7,011 7,840 268 — @OpWearavraylt sey ever crepes tre eeay sete: Niches dis oy a tara lake dageyokexehaye vue Ge. vuele. 237,117 269,140 9,203 _— Birillipsw Oya ee Staleuerccsrer meters tse ree eyenn ey cae ah csaier neKe vayste, ches odsueros leno 1,049,391 1,159,259 40,911 _— Rheesswilliamijonesi(SeesNote!))) css Sic.s ein so die: panereyereiaiaie sara eee 4,829 5,600 208 —_— GaHOrd eG lara MOUSe ta ci-& crereco crease Occs, ails) ohend: alle, siiagehagajasacn,Siorace> Maca 326,226 367,889 12,580 — Smithsonian Bequest Fund) (See JNoter]) 9575. 622 ose cvencie yee rae eee 2,759,283 2,601,565 87,890 — Stiltner) Oma lve rere con satay eve ver seeeese a howe catea eicpavewe soXeraioancler tera.s 655,630 1,003,336 33,978 — Plagparts (Gansonitee ates cis ccsretecs) <teqstard, a's. ois eave. de wy euetose ese cious 4/0) @.G.e) = 37991 4,483 153 —_ WWiinterereA liceylMplcwsrcte pas seven ten eet tei Accs fone. cig) a aeuinlayey o.ce ere e-eiierenel shone 176,743 169,404 5.795 — Abbotts William @si(Designated)). sepijvace cre s © sxetafaneyepe gegade sce. events atels 933.239 1,112,290 38,035 37,647 Barstow, Frederic'D. (Designated) cic mic. h.c ced cc cresaue uese ser oua osu 7,806 9,296 318 7,051 Hirshhorn Museum Acquisition Fund (Designated) .........-.-..+-- 3,144,558 3,744,034 125,547 — Lindbergh Chair of Aerospace History (Designated) ........-....+.4- 3,402,947 3,852,350 131,731 91,626 indberghGharlestA™ (Designated) g4..5 o.s<s1e ne rae ts Gyo oe Ol oe) ne 55,481 62,023 2.121 13,343 Byone Marcus: Ward; [r.,(Designated)) piicjeiie cre cis svete 0a tiaieie's 9 ei aise = 37532 42,192 1,443 7,743 Martin Marietta Internship (Designated) ..........-.--00e eee reese 241,283 276,821 9,466 166 INMINHT Researchi(Designated)! i. ise. cs fae ote oie. 6 syciavenegers es suerte eo 163,520 163,666 5,595 13,653 INZPiPrograms. (Designated) ett tok nsfodeterd 5 css Sia. auc: eps ferarege sjese scl in e3 357233389 3,629,662 124,116 3,188 Smithsonian Agency Account (Designated) ........---000eeeeeeeee 20,354 24,633 842 (18,268) Smithsonian Press Scholarly Books Fund (Designated) ..........-.---- 2,268,243 2,699,576 92°315 55,045 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Endowment Fund (Destenated) (SeesNote'2.)) < aie Sencgecyoloxs etacehscenais cis eth nifelte pies aac eels — _— 21,687 —_ Webb, James E., Fellowship (Designated) ........-.eeeeeeeree eens 1,716,329 1,793,720 61,336 162,704 Women’s Committee Fellowship (Designated) .........-..-++++ 0055 328,434 339,498 10,946 8.329 Subtotal evra tereacterctercaves eloieccstt Causa ps fe: ais ate mcd conan wim oe wIptell eb alias 158,121,055 177,634,041 6,089,107 382,227 soral:Unrestricted Purpose: wic occ cic ieee So ne ce eee wieee oe ose Sse 168,011,417 189,637,783 6,519,307 489,451 RESTRICTED PURPOSE—TRUE: SEK ETE PAATITIIC AUDIO arcs ctr acc ole hey exe ehepticsieuss tas aeronehopers sstoreuee te 0. ster 466,084 537,426 18,377 76,582 ATCHUE JAITICS,. Were, Mc 5 cites che roncheracs, eceuensrs tie ane leja ie ene eters 288,794 364,319 12,458 20,245 IA XelFOd. Dr. FAEL bert Rs, eicse ce fone des toysteiauehene orca wie efalane isle dace 6 sie 126,781 132,873 2,660 2,660 Bards Spericer, FUMerton) cys 2) cops crate fous Got erous avarle ors ePovedele eleva snece' esi er 259,650 325,663 11,136 2,242 Barney; Alice Pikes Memorial) oi. %ici5,0. fstevsie orev a el nisle elaine Sema a ose 206,987 261,073 8,927 48,689 BAtCHElOM EMiMlas hs cove, ccc cue cnautberehey Ravan oo oe, coe ehateholg devaile 6 sess sve 235,161 270,052 9,234 31,640 Beauregard, Catherine, Memorial ....... 26.0.0 eee eee ce cee e eee 377,615 435,298 14,885 84,762

319

Table 5. Endowment Funds, September 30, 1995 (continued) rr

Principal Income Book Market Net Unexpended Value Value Income Balance

Bergen s Charlottes Vics atiyetews nvespe tastoysceyovsverstovsuscusite ciauaite, oye cileler ent ca 24,547 26,963 934 5,389 Browns Rolandywigsra ene isscnwer sieves te teeta ats ores wataxis oicofel abavteeae teri rach 235,233 279,636 9,562 14,204 Burch, George, Fellowship in Theoretic Medicine and

Affiliated Theoretic'Sciences Fund = .'i25)6. 2. c)s se bile le wee ce oe 2,271,367 2,450,169 83,784 174,460 GamelPRund tye Meer cake la sen erate. dics kod deaeattohaee le alee iaucted 112,579, 108,668 3,716 1,677 Ganheld@kredericktAW ws Feito s Urea. «sar cushion miaaia Satan 308,651 401,397 13,726 Gaseyihomasyincolm ares) ces cictss-Petelaeter scl tsi ael bhatt ott fe one cal ees 98,143 116,963 4,000 15,132 GhamberlainvFrances* sea: te ate a seokess be Se occharctad cla) statute ae arenes. 203,233 256,340 8,766 26,721 CooperFund}for, Paleobiology .5° .. 4. ett. < occn bated BS es oe 362,367 390,970 12,468 9,541 deSallesAllberwandtheppy® sarsc.tcsctehits cule a sieec naratoate on bo anbeacs 67,377 67,399 576 576 Deibel: Charles Pied cc aill, PROPER. siusdteteblita bars oe og 117,099 114,146 3,903 10,349 Discovery «Gommunmicatlonsy ING. = recc/sheyese ace cre wale cs wibbcke o Pee eos ee 350,918 361,780 5,362 5,362 Division of Mammals Curators Fund .............0.c0cceeee cece 20,885 24,011 821 1,643 Drakeghoundationersta nai oie a sss ora sietscs agus om oe ais daSisiaetle oud at accra 1,353,708 1,557,966 53,014 144,320 Drouet, Francis and Louderback, Harold B. ...................... 475,512 514,903 17,607 27,722 Dykes Gharless' Bequests ..cs.2 01 hel eters Gots te ens saree scaen ators Mesos ciate 451,216 516,653 17,667 59,190 arOmahlacrletph mill pSios straye, ay-tastaqtiey syeutrevsia cv evea ahs, deg uaa cee e « ole 83,776 89,430 3,058 14,791 Eickemeyer;-Florence!Brevoort. e100 00.6600 oc 2 oeSa gage pans peed ane 78,423 98,907 3,382 8,937 Ep pleya Mem Onialiy cast aycecs/2) sieseronei einickehe aucs speci sees shelve cusxspetsl a,<) ¢ che 39,303 41,955 1,435 6,939 RorbessiEdwardy Waldo cialeurssrideic acts) wettee sess alt 4.4 c4.e6 Ga alae 1,304,328 1,413,468 48,333 119,459 reer Gharles sls gycet. ca acc-sy susp testes hh ope orcas ane austere eer ad Dae Oe ake ce 61,866,904 73,651,475 2,518,513 2,044,592 Fund for the Future—Samuel C. Johnson Theater ................. 816,500 828,848 22,351 17,248 Fund for the Future—Mary L. Ripley Garden ................ 2... 52,873 53,952 1,018 1,249 Fund for the Future—Ethel Niki Kominik ....................0.- 109,463 112,812 3,858 5,728 Fund for the Future—Vincent Wilkinson ..............-2.0-- 000 52,473 54,153 772 772 Global Environmental Endowment Fund ................0-.-0-0- 3,920 4,173 143 683 GrimmiySergentNe Ae oe, soc foes aie vhs Mapas sold ga cise case oa 208,164 230,755 7,891 13,396 Groommbarrickaway eerie ci a jaw ae wire cre eases pina eee oe 211,641 232,285 7,943 31,146 Guggenheim, Daniel and Florence .............. 0.00 e cee eee eee 830,934 942,381 32,225 3,842 Elamilton-James (See Note 1)! ccc dc 6 ater ae-c1s.s oc veld antes nana ca oc watt 8,232 343 5,369 Haupt denidvAs Gardens «jz svcasiays Bie Side ave ose we Se Be gia eae oo aS 3,554,431 3,465,262 118,495 234,083 Henderson, Edward P. and Rebecca R., Meteorite Fund ............. 351,985 364,104 12,451 22,890 Hewitt, Eleanor G:, Repair Fund je. ces osc os te eects cee sees 515135 59,249 2,026 4,253 Flewitts SaraliGoOoper: aiiccetssscoccckats oporthe 6m are axeine qnistaus sna) pean arreun 91 302,073 349,723 11;959 1557897; Pull verspVare ill 2 Zeyete eceay ausiceys lateness cia asle ohttexeidcreusl bie. 8 Ganeussie agers sve edhe 51,465 61,336 2,097 14,963 HitchcockssAlbertiSih ay. mvancceise ate cigvanelics, o nis costs ote wlayeidieiS oP ecyn eee ors 11,530 14,595 499 3,268 Hodgkins Fund (See Note 1) ............ ccc cece eee e cece te eees 165,372 171,554 8,819 35,902 FirdlickawAles and (Marie: on. a:c, ««, lerciw a Sa0eh aves deesvounisienen Soe + egc« SAP 453,563 15,510 16,840 Fiughest Bruce terriers srareccte, aoc we Betas sy oa) dy gvareca: oA Me Uese cuaveamranee ase 138,266 174,443 5,965 21,361 Huntington Publication Fund: «....::.4%). c.ae.s 0.0004 <6 aerarna aa dene aad 353,596 375,884 12,780 59,381 Johnson, Seward, Trust Fund for Oceanography ............... 0... 25,670,841 30,632,739 1,047,487 — Kellogg, Remington and Marguerite, Memorial ............... 2... 410,347 462,034 15,799 1,940 Kottler, Howard, Endowment for Ceramic Art .............-.-- 000 75,264 76,479 218 218 I STETITET A INE Ya EVE ae er aR cere ee ae rr 28,676 32,296 1,104 3,022 Krombeins arliegtcancya cnnucns.ccetele, eelvine S an) oa aye aadetein Da nece sae's 59,452 59,350 2,030 332 Mandil) Harry and Beverly: sii s:crchepedici0a os sie.os Sew sie we ve earns 125,868 128,037 4,378 2,133 Maxwell MiMarwaibe gee © cites crescnakclahustserras) to ctourge Sets s eames 141,67 178,733 6,112 32,340 Mellon Foundation Challenge Gran/Endowment ...............2-- 73,670 996,866 34,088 124,252 Mellon Publications Endowment Fund ............... 0.0000 eee 1,125,601 1,158,122 39,602 101,589 Milliken, H. Oothout, Memorial ............. 0000 eee e eee eee 1,161 1,741 60 478 MineralgendOWMments i n.cc. cere, c'< sttsuowtetoe.ca vhs eb ea eiMiok eke hae 690,644 804,385 27,506 419 Mitchell -AWalliarmeA wea er, cisveracciclsBalchoiops.cre rare dior Gudd © s4dne eremane ae 94,098 109,808 33755 648 Moynihan, Elizabeth: Brennan’ ......5.00.0cc00 c0ce esac aes e vase vec 54,730 52,450 1,794 2,953 Museum of the American Indian—Heye Foundation ............... 1,197,514 1,278,326 43,712 168,508 NMAI Educational Endowment Fund..............2.0-0000- eee 97,824 97,408 2,401 177 Nelms wElenning iy fer tein de sco. oui ow avdases a Parcnaean eG ae. sie 2972315: 304,539 10,395 36,320 Nelsonwedwardu William cs, «.1,0slels aa ce one-s'G aete ha wes ne wee ete 163,036 202,400 6,921 23,578 Nesbitt owelllia static & <.cccerecs aie Wiscle cis «sve aid sc8- ce db alae ok aes 21,571 22,676 711 711 Retrocellis JosephsMemorial).c.e04:5 bd cis ge wees Seek Ge see Ss 0 Seek 53,693 67,795 2,318 14,454 ReidiyAddisony ien(Sees Note ll) sero erste as, e ic Sieteneie stervteranclenerelx wos ae 157,391 184,743 6,642 37,876 Ripley, S. Dillon and Mary Livingston .............0000 eee ee cee 307,704 339,841 11,366 — Rioeblinpabundiee creretrctee «6.6 et areccycicpanx crovcioe cc chercie ciel aces ee ao ehaven ci 867,943 1,093,352 37,387 111 RoallinsMiritamsandywalliami, <.scs.0 cfasess,060. eid awe ftp eitie@ dome a 1,950,733 2,307,682 78,142 87,790 SaclelemPublicsAtharrsicte oo cyerasc.c) Sesto Sieleiesa bos € itera 41% adv srerar/erere-s 3,345,367 3,261,012 111,510 146,521 SCHMICHe] OMNI W) et err te terareieleretenckers Sestteieencccisre c hudine suaie-s cil keene 24,478 26,130 894 4,322 Simsp GeorpenwWen pry sins cacdor ot castokat ine ct asia nctemtaie Ge a emia «bos 216,505 238,458 8,154 48,606 The Sichel Family, Endowment for Research at the NZP ............. 104,415 105,122 1,198 1,198 Sisley $ George] teprtcsten steerer fe Sie Arosa crencrae ioncayanmaouce aes act wiarars 169,886 176,950 4,714 5,745 Space eae Eun Giger peste cach ncayeia) tein fopetn emis oval coe revel ost never arcs Haunt 12,086,695 13,796,539 467,171 313,975 SPUN BER MBrAN KG Mec vecst rach neu Tere Miers olers stctns ciatatpercpo « va caos oes 129,644 163,152 5,579 24,535 Sterns baroldgheeMemoriali§ .)cj.sehetee GR e. 4, roc 6 ale sapeestevore.e © 6 8 e.s0.005 1,355,001 1,558,003 53,276 388,043 Stevenson, John A., Mycological Library .............0-0200. 0005 37,494 44,574 1,524 7,897

320

Table 5. Endowment Funds, September 30, 1995 (continued)

SS

Principal Income Book Market Net Unexpended Value Value Income Balance

Berpene Gharlortes Wise Gs aleve cyeveietone oo 7s Guo’. s ioynisisl ee oe revere aiey ue he 24,547 26,963 934 5.389 IBEW ROL ANGMAW oy aicoesepaucssitepeuentutc ereener eve gerade mucus sucuernie tole syle cena etictnoets 235,233 279,636 9,562 14,204 Burch, George, Fellowship in Theoretic Medicine and

Afhliated theoretic: Sciences'Fund=2 .s:c2 fists obeiv he chee Hae es 2,271,367 2,450,169 83,784 174,460 (Cerri RET aa PR Oey he tae ens oR eT IER Pan ate oe EE Ce 112,579 108,668 3,716 1,677 Canfield sbredericla Atsucspecscensvai ay scene Aus lenaiehais Satake fcuk aa elds Se 308,651 401,397 13,726 Caseyshomas: Uincolnia tec. sueteeste ess eso a ers Soe oa tyson Gene 98,143 116,963 4,000 15,132 GhamberlainyFrances#lea's chyayctscretais cleparcdencuetss ci neve woteges Stevayaieis e Eeeasos 203,233 256,340 8,766 26,721 GCoopersbundiforsPaleobiologyeniassieuvsneusie sieyerels s Susie oe ole, e cveve 6 bh lois 362,367 390,970 12,468 9,541 deSallewAlbertrandtPegey. ce, cxten thenei sate tage. apanel oss suey oy oxlecate a ae local gy evade 67,377 67,399 576 576 DetbelMG@harlesiPssa.ce erect aisuee selec aire © Shbte/ Salas eneot cusra’s daz eeerare ais 117,099 114,146 3,903 10,349 MiscoveryaGommunicationss ING sk ePAaterce a eects sats @ suerd glee gle ve 350,918 361,780 5,362 5,362 Division of Mammals Curators Fund .........05 0.00 cesses e eee 20,885 24,011 821 1,643 Pra ESOC atlOM) stesepet hayegets ee rens).e eine cea: songs annie eese aya ese jane we Se ave 1,353,708 1,557,966 53,014 144,320 Drouet, Francis and Louderback, Harold B. .................. 005. 475,512 514,903 17,607 27,722 Dykes CharlessBequesttvceieerct cle telesens enone 6 eee we acd ae hae ee 451,216 516,653 17,667 59,190 EatonsbtarrietsPhilli psig a ian ojecsaus, Sconsi a: ties evasti's ay susrte-s)acetcucntre sane, 83,776 89,430 3,058 14,791 ickemeyer Florence BrevOOrtreisscaicis sic ex die aps og wis gears Suclsl engi ane 78,423 98,907 3,382 8,937 Eppleyg Memorialayntsets Mot: Povarvet esc us ac 2s a oie aha: sveontal eo tyanseeve aie siayeye 39,303 41,955 1,435 6,939 IROEDese d ward awal doyetevrsssyeyee iene Gil cl coeie susee: wlere Husa che chorea Boe tous 1,304,328 1,413,468 48,333 119,459 preert@hatleciive vas tine tee ek eet he on eae ah ne ae 61,866,904 73,651,475 2,518,513 2,044,592 Fund for the Future—Samuel C. Johnson Theater ..............-.. 816,500 828,848 22,351 17,248 Fund for the Future—Mary L. Ripley Garden ................ 0.5. 52,873 53,952 1,018 1,249 Fund for the Future—Ethel Niki Kominik ...................00-. 109,463 112,812 3,858 5,728 Fund for the Future—Vincent Wilkinson ........-.-....000000 00505 52,473 54,153 aD 772 Global Environmental Endowment Fund ...............-00020 0055 3,920 - 4,173 143 683 Grimms Sergely Naren esearch tei homme bres sore ines tara ener anerets 208,164 230,755 7,891 13,396 Groom Barrick ® We 2: i eqstinicesyssevsutvavacto ovis Ovadeutily le eadye eneves anes, Sis .age estodaaes 211,641 232,285 7,943 31,146 Guggenheim;:Danieliand Florence)... 0.0502 sie ee ct ce dle eas 830,934 942,381 32,225 3,842 FAarniltorea) amesi(S€e,INOLe eh) ci syerckent, <6 ssiciai tie ener ctsvane jajleduielsne altetbtiaceute Fart 8,232 343 5,369 FlaupteenidcA. Garden) 3 acterrethnhs sic mia the haa cata me Be cra 3,554,431 3,465,262 118,495 234,083 Henderson, Edward P. and Rebecca R., Meteorite Fund ............. 351,985 364,104 12,451 22,890 lewitrveleanoriG:, (Repairmhund! eitior te scsrcereeAcia aie S « eles we ss Scarab 515135: 59,249 2,026 4,253 IfewitrsaranCooper hitters «ities eset. isl ee eateries 302,073 349,723 11,959 15,787 Bballyersa Vite gil owe sccowspaiss se dagars re Ueseteheatl eae Gus: 34 se! duis )aife-auer'sdeizosnc! abeneueuse au 51,465 61,336 2,097 14,963 ElitchcocksvA I bertiS iia ant strc eatvc cule aysealhis alin: so dees dane 11,530 14,595 499 3,268 odgkinsEund, (See Note lien. sae neers cet eos I Ok nao. pe 165,372 171,554 8,819 35,902 FirdlickawAlesiandsMariessryeisc.- Sac <) ceve Taystorns syarenei evevoys «- dttuete soo 377,511 453,563 15,510 16,840 Rug hess BEUCE a2 ah yo oy cance sRelefelioye aie. socus cTale « # lene ae a ays. 9 eraerenens 138,266 174,443 5,965 21,361 EiuntingroniPublication Fund: ..sec sec se cnt cie le cc cone otc cue, AeuNcre 353,596 375,884 12,780 59,381 Johnson, Seward, Trust Fund for Oceanography .................-- 25,670,841 30,632,739 1,047,487 — Kellogg, Remington and Marguerite, Memorial ...............---- 410,347 462,034 15,799 1,940 Kortler, Howard, Endowment for Ceramic Art .........2-..0.0 0005 75,264 76,479 218 218 rari NAGA so cays rcrsiraney Sees tonece Selsey cosa es oe ghaos ah el yaaa rbd -siraucch oat 28,676 32,296 1,104 3,022 Krombeins Karl Vive si cscceec aya, 322 Sie. sheet ernsisis orn SE ibe tans & aes 59,452 59,350 2,030 332 Mandiliiblarry, and; Beverly. «2... ¢ccte.<.0 ncicda e425 cis.s sow 6 astern 125,868 128,037 4,378 2,133 Maxwell: eMary sa Semuscrspt sits foe ante cious Sei pile: a0 Se ened PRES 141,670 178,733 6,112 32,340 Mellon Foundation Challenge Gran/Endowment ........---.--+ +++ 873,670 996,866 34,088 124,252 Mellon Publications Endowment Fund ............-000eeeeee cece 1,125,601 1,158,122 39,602 101,589 MillikensHi@othout,;Memorial. ccc s-s co ssce sc ta 2 esi 3s Oa 2 Feleereas 1,161 1,741 60 478 IMineral:Endowment’ sessed atthe ote ea wa cts aio alee ence hele 690,644 804,385 27,506 419 Mitchell: William=A‘y Gccaviclesc a ols shire tvs va oe nae oe aga elas SARI 94,098 109,808 33755 648 Moynihan, Elizabeth Brennan’ 2.2 oe o4 wee wee ee ee os a oe oes serous Sys 54,730 52,450 1,794 2,953 Museum of the American Indian—Heye Foundation .............-. 1,197,514 1,278,326 43,712 168,508 NMAI Educational Endowment Fund ............-0000eeeeeeeeee 97,824 97,408 2,401 177 INelmis:sFleriting seer tees cies cccele ae sve sie erase ace eenslans' 252 (cet pertains 4 297,315 304,539 10,395 36,320 Nelsons Edward, Walliams. <.0:2 < evstee «aia 0 coe ait ecaan a nietere.s 6 geen ooys 163,036 202,400 6,921 23,578 Nesbitt; Lowell 5 .<c.cc0ls zane soe: ena pa Melee eh asa dud fa gee aia as ai oie Be Sa 21,571 22,676 711 711 Petrocelir, Josephs Memorials. :.s:cs c ciere¢vsisitievs, a 2 footers tab ecasbeene aye 53,693 67,795 2,318 14,454 Reid’ Addison: (SeesINOte Ii) ~ ative gs ecye.dia, oer sare, ava we oa ee 157,391 184,743 6,642 37,876 Ripley; 'S-/Dilloniand!MarysLivingston: -h..c%0c70 84 ov oes See om on 307,704 339,841 11,366 — Roebling Fund irae a2 cesses sonrspe Seatehe sisi oon wee on crc © baste deele as 867,943 1,093,352 37,387 111 Rollinss/Miriamiand Williams: 2% cece evens eiceere & cin weiss devel is eee es 19505753 2,307,682 78,142 87,790 Sackler BublictAtfairsssrsiere eco iat set cero ee Sean cceueicheue auetehade sya sey tel ou 3,345,367 3,261,012 111,510 146,521 Schirnitttog) OMIA) Mea seege ees eee cea ape le yoko ence wane, eens anenetaspscaie’ seven enzo 24,478 26,130 894 4,322 SINIS Hh GEOLLE Wa tere ene ate e aot Cres ctf oe ace nie teen seats! elielie cds sueretaver axeca¥s 216,505 238,458 8,154 48,606 The Sichel Family, Endowment for Research atthe NZP ...........-.. 104,415 105,122 1,198 1,198 Sisleya George aioe et ety sporschaucnnie ase aioe niyo Bis toe eines ae ne 169,886 176,950 4,714 5,745 Sprdgites bari ie yeyevage o yeke eyeia. es cgsayaiie une teva aun' eve veers cee beara gueutife sie 12,086,695 13,796,539 467,171 3155975 SPEin gery E carl orepeuers opeyevete gered es wrerayen shel evcdes Mrsnave asaya, ww bse 8 wise wt ekerene 129,644 163,152 53579 24,535 SECESI A FIarOldl E-stWVACIIONIAL. acc oaeincenti note tielnclG Gat tc Ceaesianeios. wes ist 1,355,001 1,558,003 53,276 388,043 Stevenson, John A., Mycological Library .........-..-- eee ee eeee 37,494 44,574 1,524 7,897

Table 6. Construction and Plant Funds, Fiscal Years 1995 and 1994 (in $000s)

FY 1995 FY 1994 FUNDS PROVIDED Federal Construction Appropriations: INationaleZoologicalmParkse sense pe etter ce aire (oh cit 0s, fove ko det ods, ov oxic ra ou bd avehay dyeue cca, les) Sustagecsisuer ajcpators amore eine 3,042 5,400 Repairand’Restorationiof Buildings: J 6h sasha. sc ei. cs eGR feos misc s qe sie s creKd se isue clea ea Sheree Ggndne coo sleioetane 23,954 24,000 Constructioniblanninggand Min ona Gonsteucti On 22) tys or. ca teas (oasis. latoee, y dis-(edanacebs ecirersiaie «ei lsieuaa ave ab ene foeiet Saeee 571 4,200 INationaluMuseumpotathezA menicanlndian eps cy cee, <csn..se se bepehe. se oo seek ene 1c Let ol: oyecavretie: sve) sy ecves erence SS ewe acing ool 19,469 6,200 SmithsonianplropicaltResearchiInstitutese se «ccc co nt AM SEG ss ce wee 6 A Sretstayclab ie. os estou glee Sienensie oes (700) INationalyAireand:SpaceeMuseumDullestExtension! ys <0. Siroty sisyyg nee ais 0-2 elds. o <a o tasaBl ide Oa Gee ced ative aie 92 (General sPosts@ fhices Buildings cad es, at rea ehe be jaude, ance ge eke pela de!S yeitel sees qu: cide bs) Syme ranegecesaysalraia heb Src raneye es Svce zaarens (1,700) otaltkederali Construction, Appropriationsy ~ <:<.<:<.. <5 seis Eye vio 6 ees oe eects Sos ee eee shia See De svar doa deacone 44,728 39,800 Nonappropriated Trust Plant Funds: Income—Gift and Other GooperzHewitrNationalt DesigmiM useumn gts cio .e. aie. cts one cepesesots oe etay a= ey aie az aie eyevestergcautl Satpeccrac@e ethane aie 1,613 30 INationaleMuseumyofitheyAmericar Indian tis ce aes eet ays Rha ys se petreyan cove som ciia ateuesn.ciue qlarsaag eine eeeeeeenln a Ne 2,894 9,042 National) Museum, ofsNatural ‘Historyv-—Gem Hall... 36 age icegete ce ace 55. 40ce ewe Ceo a 8 a Dee eae aE 2,215 2,434 there eared ce se sae Rs ere ecu tuh ce ese etary ene ai Bw cat MARINE. Ble 3 aures Soeeale SM waded dna bas eeayenn Bee BGS 322 196 PLOralWINcOMmie wetter stares etc devetatertcttoye gags ec sye aust aie (as exewssapncrcvcya ets SA sists} epenenetcice, sieitienese oe ete IRI eI 7,044 11,702 Transfers (to)/from Other Funds: National Museum of the American Indian ............-...--. sp raetraneys “Ecapotstos ase snare te Byade tetene Shane lel Saneete 2,496 1,600 OVE rab ese eat ate eeFe Pel caer: porte tere eae xa rc aan"sne yay anata ec ateie: wifealre sete ote @ 4 Grade: da verw mace Vlahace ols IORI ce oie ee 44 (617)* WOta lbaliramS lens awetete so cre sie cone eee Meets e es. o fe sais ice: fave oe fetteiatsnne lar Bacercp Sve “oye Nok Sl apauana lake Heveheyia\ cuatel censuestued Sin 2,540 983 Vora GR UMaSKETOVIGed iit oe, cle arsian ond atauentesdaatatar age ove chue.tard Sus. Nia dus Sole SGd aoe SE w Slee Rae eee ced eemane reins 54,312 52,485

* $216,000 reclassified to current operating funds, and $401,000 transferred to an endowment fund.

Rita Mesquita of the National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and Don Wilson, Director of Biodiver- sity programs at NMNH, examine regenerating forest in the heart of the Amazon basin in an effort to learn more about the effects of rainforest destruction and the result- ing loss of biodiversity in the tropics. (Photograph by Laurie Minor-Penland)

——

Independent Auditors’ Report

BOARD OF REGENTS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION:

We have audited the accompanying statement of financial condition amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also of the Smithsonian Institution as of September 30, 1995, and the includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant related statements of financial activity and cash flows for the year estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides Institution’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opin- a reasonable basis for our opinion. ion on these financial! statements based on our audit. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above pre- We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted sent fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and per- Smithsonian Institution as of September 30, 1995, and the results of form the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Its Operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in confor- financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit mity with generally accepted accounting principles.

includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the

Statement of Financial Condition September 30, 1995 (with comparative totals for 1994) (In thousands)

Trust Federal Total Total funds funds 1995 1994 Assets: Cash and balances with U.S. Treasury $ 1,075 173.124 174,199 172.880 Investments (note 3) 464.048 - 464,048 409.731 Receivables and advances (note 5) 82,582 14,595 97,177 72,765 Inventory 18,222 1.425 19.647 19.302 Prepaid, deferred expense and other (note 6) 28,293 - 28,293 21.007 Property and equipment, net (note 7) 89,355 353,412 442,767 434.613 Collections (note 11) = - - - Total assets $ 683.575 542.556 1.226.131 1.130.298 Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 52.422 24,048 76.470 59.663 Payable for investment securities purchased 12,923 = 12,923 9.544 Deposits held for others (note 2) 5,996 1,349 7,345 12,084 Accrued annual leave and voluntary separation costs (note 14) 4.213 12,960 17,173 22.244 Deferredrevenue 69,820 - 69,820 43,625 Long-term debt (note 9) 3.350 - 3,350 3.103 Total liabilities 148,724 38,357 187,081 150,263 Fund balances: Trust: Current: Unrestricted general purpose 10,159 - 10,159 11,019 Unrestricted special purpose 27,800 - 27,800 28.377 Restricted 25,302 - 25,302 24,576 Endowment and similar funds (note 4) 381,574 - 381,574 348,228 Plant funds 90.016 - 90,016 83.778 Federal: Operating funds (note 10) * 51,360 51,360 47.986 Construction funds - 98.003 98.003 89.357 Total fund balances 534.851 504,199 1,039.050 980.035 Commitments and contingencies (note 8) Total liabilities and fund balances $ 683.575 542.556 1.226.131 1.130.298

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

323

Smithsonian Institution Statement of Financial Activity for the year ended September 30, 1995 (with comparative totals for 1994) (In thousands)

a EEEESEEEEEEE

Trust Funds Federal Funds Current Endowment funds and similar —_ Plant Total Operating Construction Capital Total Total Total (note 16) funds funds trust funds funds funds federal 1995 1994 Revenue and other additions: Appropriations (note 10) $ = = — _ 313,254 44,728 — 357,982 357,982 342,149 Government grants and contracts 50,353 _ — 50,353 _ _ = — 50,353 45,701 Investment income 20,671 _— 984 21,655 _— — = = 21,655 18,885 Net gain (loss) on sale of securities (33) 27,551 — 27,518 — — — — 27,518 17,279 Gifts, bequests and private grants 33,199 1,724 5,995 40,918 — =< ae pis 40,918 46,588 Additions to plant _ — 3,202 3,202 _— — 41,634 41,634 44,836 55,663 Rentals, fees, and commissions (note 10) 15,859 — 24 15,883 1,231 — — 1,231 17,114 10,641 Auxiliary activities 193,808 — — 193,808 — — — — 193,808 197;233: Pees crsac 2D wo ee eset _ATAN IS RAEN SS OE ee eee Total revenue and other additions 313,857 29,275 10:205. 353,337 314,485 44,728 41,634 400,847 754,184 734,139

SAA EI Heh lal Ac as ek EMME AVE LEEDS Wa SR OOO Sm aR et = STR TRA CSD OPM eZ mere PD Ped IR RDA PSR EE Expenditures and other deductions: Research, education and collection

acquisition (note 11) 104,521 —_— — 104,521 199,418 —_— — 199,418 303,939 289,048 Administration 25,736 — —_— 25,736 27,790 — — 27,790 53,526 55,157 Facilities services 1,429 — _— 1,429 82,246 = — 82,246 83,675 82,457 Acquisition of plant — _— 2,600 2,600 — 36,082 — 36,082 38,682 49,306 Property use and depreciation (note 7) — —_ 3,907 3,907 —_ — 35,512 33,512 37,419 35,575 Auxiliary activities 176,271 _— — 176,271 — _— — ATO wealiasoes i OR NN ——————EEE ES eee ee ee Total expenditures and other deductions 307,957 6,507 314,464 309,454 36,082 33,512 379,048 693,512 685,366 Excess of revenue and other additions

over expenditures and other deductions 5,900 29,275 3,698 38,873 5,031 8,646 8,122 21,799 60,672 48,773 Transfers (note 12) (6,611) 4,071 2,540 — — = =a ces =4 = a a eee Net increase (decrease) for the year (711) 33,346 6,238 38,873 5,031 8,646 8,122 21,799 60,672 48,773 Returned to U.S. Treasury (note 10) = = = _ (1,657) = “— (1,657) (1,657) (1,163) Fund balances at beginning of year 63,972 348,228 83,778 495,978 47,986 89,357 346,714 484,057 980,035 932,425 Fund balances at end of year $ 63,261 381,574 90,016 534.851 $1,360 98,003 354,836 504,199 1,039,050 980,035

LL See accompanying notes to financial statements.

Smithsonian Institution Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended September 30, 1995 (with comparative totals for 1994) (In thousands)

Trust Federal Total Total funds funds 1995 1994

Cash flows from operating activities: Excess of revenue and other additions over expenditures and other deductions $ 38,873 21,799 60,672 48,773 Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization 5,499 33,302 38,801 35,694 Loss on disposition of assets 87 284 371 1,308 Provision for doubtful accounts 1,736 - 1,736 2,609 Net gain on sale of securities (27,518) - (27,518) (17,279) Returned to U.S. Treasury - (1,657) (1,657) (1,163) Increase in net receivables and advances (19,458) (4,385) (23,843) (6,468) Increase in inventory (269) (75) (344) (664) Increase in prepaid and deferred expense (7,286) - (7,286) (821) Increase (decrease) in payables 6,045 4,179 10,224 (65) Increase (decrease) in deposits held for others 129 (4,868) (4,739) 6,331 Increase (decrease) in accrued leave and other (6) (5,065) (5,071) 6,502

Increase (decrease) indeferred revenue 26.195 26,195 Net cash provided by operating activities 24.027 43.514 67,541 71,619

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchases of assets (6,203) (41,634) (47,837) (58,192) Purchases of investment securities (1,433,791) - (1,433,791) (828,110) Proceeds from sale of investment securities 1,415,159 - 1,415,159 829,212

(24,835) (41,634

Net cash used for investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from long-term debt- 500 = 500 - Repayments of long-term debt (253) = (253) 8.433)

Ww a

Smithsonian Institution Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended

September 30, 1995 (with comparative totals for 1994) (In thousands) (continued)

Net cash provided (used) by financing activities 247 a 247 (8,433) Net increase (decrease) in cash and balances with

U.S. Treasury (561) 1,880 1,319 6,096 Cash and balances with U.S. Treasury:

Beginning of year 1,636 171,244 172,880 166,784

End of year W075. 173.124 174,199 172,880

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Notes to Financial Statements, September 30, 1995

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements reflect the Smithsonian Institution’s receipt and expenditure of funds obtained from all sources. These funding sources include federal appropriations, private sources, government grants and contracts, investment income, and certain business activities.

Funds received from direct federal appropriations are reported in the columns titled Federal Funds in the financial statements. All other funds are reported in the columns titled Trust Funds in the financial statements. Federal funds and trust funds are accounted for on the accrual basis of accounting.

These financial statements do not include the accounts of the National Gallery of Art, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, or the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, which were established by Congress within the Institution, but are administered under separate boards of trustees.

Fund Accounting

To ensure compliance with the limitations and restrictions placed on the use of resources available to the Institution, accounts are maintained in accor- dance with the principles of fund accounting. This procedure classifies resources for control, accounting and reporting purposes into distinct funds established according to their nature and purposes. Separate accounts are maintained for each fund; however, in the accompanying financial state- ments, funds that have similar characteristics have been combined for pre- sentation into fund groups. Accordingly, all financial transactions have been reported by fund group.

The assets, liabilities, and fund balances of the Institution are self-- balancing as follows:

Federal operating funds represent appropriated funds available for sup- port of the Institution’s operations and are generally available for obligation only in the year received. Separate subfund groups are maintained for each appropriation as follows: Salaries and Expenses; Special Foreign Currency; and the Barro Colorado Island Trust Fund, which supports the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Federal construction funds represent the portion of appropriated funds available for building and facility construction, restoration, renovation and repair and are available for obligation until expended. Separate subfund groups are maintained for each appropriation: Construction and Improvements, Repairs and Restoration of Buildings, and the National Zoological Park.

Federal capital funds represent the depreciated historical cost of the Institution’s assets acquired with federal funds plus nonexpendable property transfers from U.S. Government agencies.

Trust current funds which include unrestricted and restricted resources, represent nonappropriated funds available for support of the Institution’s operations.

Trust endowment and similar funds include both true and quasi- endowment funds. True endowments are subject to restrictions of gift instru- ments and require that the principal be invested in perpetuity and that only income be expended. Also classified as endowment and similar funds are gifts which allow the expenditure of principal only under specified condi- tions. Quasi-endowment funds are funds established by the governing board for the same purposes as endowment funds; however, any portion of such funds may be expended with board approval. Restricted quasi-endowment funds represent gifts for restricted purposes where there is no stipulation that the principal be maintained in perpetuity or for a period of time, but the governing board has elected to invest the principal and expend only the income for the purpose stipulated by the donor.

Trust plant funds represent resources restricted or internally designated for future plant acquisitions, and the depreciated historical cost of the Institution’s assets acquired with plant funds.

Investments

Investments are stated at cost or amortized cost. Investments are recorded at cost on a trade date basis if purchased, or at estimated fair value at date of acquisition if acquired by gift.

All investment income, except that of endowment and similar funds, and gains and losses arising from the sale of investments, are accounted for in the fund in which the related assets are recorded. Income of endowment and similar funds is accounted for using the total return method (note 4) in the fund to which it is restricted or, if unrestricted, as revenue in unrestricted current funds. Gains and losses on the sales of investments are recognized on the trade date basis using the average cost method.

Inventory

Inventories are reported at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.

Deferred Revenue and Expense

Revenue from subscriptions to Smithsonian magazine and Air & Space/ Smithsonian magazine is recorded as income over the period of the related subscription, which is generally one year. Certain costs to obtain subscrip- tions to Smithsonian magazine and Air c» Space/Smithsonian magazine are charged against income over the subscription period.

The Institution expenses promotion production costs the first time the advertising takes place. Direct-response advertising is deferred and amortized over one year.

325

Works of Art, Living and Other Specimens

The Institution acquires its collections, which include works of art, library books, photographic archives, objects and specimens, from purchases using federal or private funds or by donation. All collections are held for public exhibition, education, or research, furthering the Institution’s mission to increase and diffuse knowledge to the public. The Institution provides pro- tection and preservation services for its collections.

In accordance with policies generally followed by museums, no value is assigned ro the collections on the statement of financial condition. Collection purchases are expensed currently. Proceeds from deaccessions are recognized as revenue in the year of sale, and are designated for future collection acqui- sitions.

Property and Equipment

Federal Funds Property and equipment purchased with federal funds are recorded in the capital funds at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives as follows:

Buildings 30 years Major renovations 15 years Nonexpendable equipment 10 years

Certain lands occupied by the Institution’s buildings were appropriated and reserved by Congress for the Institution and are not reflected in the accom- panying financial statements. Property and nonexpendable equipment acquired through transfer from government agencies are capitalized at the net book value or fair value, whichever is more readily determinable.

Trust Funds

Property and equipment purchased with trust funds for use by nonincome-producing activities are recorded at cost, or appraised value at date of gift, except for gifts of certain islands in the Chesapeake Bay, which has been recorded at nominal values.

Capital improvements and equipment purchased with trust funds for use by income-producing activities are capitalized at cost in the current funds. Property and equipment are depreciated on the straight-line basis over their useful lives as follows:

Buildings 30 years Major renovations 15 years Equipment 3-10 years

Government Grants and Contracts

The Institution receives grants and enters into contracts, with the U.S. gov- ernment and state and local governments, which primarily provide for cost reimbursement to the Institution. Governmental grant and contract revenue is recognized as reimbursable expenditures are incurred.

Gifts, Bequests, and Other Grants

The Institution recognizes revenue from gifts, bequests and private grants in the year the cash is received.

The Institution records pledges based upon letters signed by donors. Pledges are recorded at net realizable value as a receivable and as deferred revenue on the statement of financial condition. Revenue from pledges is rec- ognized in the year the pledged funds are collected.

Contributed Services and Facilities

A substantial number of volunteers make significant contributions of their time to further of the Institution’s programs. The Institution also uses certain facilities for a nominal charge. The value of the contributed time and facili- ties is not reflected in these statements as it is not susceptible to objective measurement or valuation.

Annual Leave

The Institution’s civil service employees earn annual leave in accordance with federal laws and regulations. Separate rules apply for trust employees. Annual leave for all employees is recognized as expense when earned.

326

Cash and Balances with the U.S. Treasury

Amounts represent cash deposited with financial institutions and balances held by the U.S. Treasury which are available for disbursement. Cash interest payments were $201,000 and $781,000 in 1995 and 1994, respectively.

Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No.’s 116 and 117

For fiscal year 1996, the Institution will be required to implement SFAS

No. 116 Accounting for Contributions Received and Contributions Made, and SFAS No. 117 Financial Statements of Not-For-Profit Organizations. Among the significant provisions of SFAS 116 is the recognition of pledges as revenue when made. SFAS 117 requires changes in the display of financial statements from fund accounting to a display based on the concept of “net assets.” The impact of these pronouncements and the options available to the Institution are under study.

(2) Affiliate Relationships

The Institution provides certain fiscal, procurement facilities and administra- tive services to several separately incorporated affiliated organizations for which certain officials of the Institution serve on the governing boards. The amounts paid to the Institution by these organizations for the above services totaled $169,000 for the trust funds and $370,000 for the federal funds for fiscal year 1995.

Deposits held in custody for these organizations at September 30, 1995, were $5,996,000 and $1,349,000 for trust and federal funds, respectively.

(3) Investments

At September 30, 1995, investments consisted of:

($000s) Carrying value _Market value Current funds Cash equivalents s 22,498 22,502 U.S. government obligations 49.720 49.434 Common stocks 6 5 72.224 71.941 Plant funds: U.S. government obligations 361 365 Common stocks 125 288 486 653 Endowment and similar funds. Pooled investments. Cash equivalents 24.638 24,638 U.S. government and quasi-government obligations 34.44) 34,671 Corporate bonds and other obligations $2,638 54,451 Common and preferred stocks 277.144 328.129 Total pooled investments 388.861 441,889 Nonpooled investments Deposit with U.S. Treasury 1,010 1,040 Chanitable trusts 1,467 1,580 Total nonpooled investments 2,477 2.620 Total endowment and similar funds 391,338 444,509 Total investments S$ 464.048 517.103

(4) Endowment and Similar Funds

The Institution uses the total return approach to investment management of endowment funds and quasi-endowment funds. Each year, the endowment pays out an amount for current expenditures based upon a number of factors evaluated and approved by the Board of Regents. The payout for 1995 was 4.2 percent of the average market value of the endowment over the prior five years. The difference between the income (i.e., dividends, interest and realized capital gains) and the payout for the year is reinvested or withdrawn from previously accumulated returns. Actual income exceeded the payout amount in fiscal year 1995 and the excess was transferred from current funds to the endowment and similar funds (see note 12).

Substantially all of the investments of the endowment and similar funds are pooled on a market value basis. Each fund subscribes to or disposes of units

on the basis of the per unit market value at the beginning of the month that the transaction takes place. At September 30, 1995, each unit had a market value of $483. The market value of the pool’s net assets at September 30, 1995 was $433,351,000, representing all pooled investments (see note 3) net of receivables and payables for investment transactions.

Each fund participating in the investment pool receives an annual payout equal to the number of units owned times the annual payout amount per unit. The payout for fiscal year 1995 was $16.50 per unit. Based on approved Board policy, if the market value of any endowment fund is less than 110 percent of the historical value, the current payout is limited to the actual interest and dividends allocable to that fund.

Fund balances of the endowment and similar funds were comprised of the following at September 30, 1995:

Units 3000s)

Endowment - unrestricted 23.370 $ 9.890 Endowment - restnicted 330.504 137,785 Quasi-endowment — unrestncted 367,229 158,121 Quasi-endowment — restncted 176.984 75,778 Total endowment fund balance $_ 381.574 (5) Receivables and Advance Payments Trust fund receivables at September 30, 1995 consisted of:

(S000s) Auxiliary activities and other, net of $1.722 in allowances S$ 18,907 Invesument secunties sold 3)13} Pledges 22.447 Grants and contracts 9.176 Interest and dividends due 2.520 Interfund receivables and other 26.419 Total receivables and advances - trust fund $782:582

Federal advance payments of $14,595,000 represent prepayments made to government agencies, educational institutions, firms and individuals for ser- vices to be rendered, or property or materials to be furnished.

At September 30, 1995, the Institution had advance payments outstanding to the General Services Administration of $10,178,000, principally for equip- ment purchases for the Museum Support Center and other projects to be completed in future years. Advance payments to educational institutions amounting to $2,316,000 were principally under the Special Foreign Currency Program. Other advance payments totaled $2,101,000.

(6) Deferred Promotion Costs

At September 30, 1995 and 1994, respectively, prepaid, deferred expense and other includes approximately $11,800,000 and $11,000,000 of deferred pro- motion costs, mostly related to the Smithsonian Magazine, were reported as assets. Promotion expense was $17,957,000 and $20,549,000 in fiscal year 1995 and 1994, respectively.

(7) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment at September 30, 1995 consisted of:

$000s)

Trust funds

Current Plant Federal funds funds Totals funds Totals Land s - 2.565 2.565 - 2.565 Buildings 4.125 86.012 90.137 310.359 400.496 Capital improvements 28.486 - 28.486 328.203 356.689 Equipment 13.335 7.484 20.819 50.207 71.026 Leasehold improvements 1,582 = 1,582 = 1.582 47,528 96.061 143.589 688.769 832.358

(24.142) (30,092) (54,234) (335.357) (389.591)

Total property and equipment S$ 23.386 65.969 89.355 353.412 442.767

Property use and depreciation in the federal funds for expenditure and other deductions for fiscal year 1995 included $33,302,000 of depreciation expense in the capital funds.

Depreciation expense in the trust funds for fiscal year 1995 for income-producing assets amounted to $2,069,000 and is included in auxil- lary activities expenditures in the current funds. Depreciation for non-income producing equipment and buildings for fiscal year 1995 amounted to $3,907,000 and is included in the plant funds.

At September 30, 1995, the fund balance of the trust plant funds included $22,652,000 of restricted funds and $1,395,000 of unrestricted funds desig- nated for future plant acquisitions.

(8) Commitments and Contingencies

Leasing Activities

Leases for Smithsonian warehouse and office spaces provide for rent escala- tions to coincide with increases in property taxes, operating expenses attrib- utable to the leased property and the Consumer Price Index. The Institution has the authority to enter into leases for up to 30 years using federal funds.

The Institution’s operating leases for the warehouse and office spaces require future minimum lease payments as follows:

Year ($000s)

1996 $ 10,771 1997 9,137 1998 8,553 1999 7,900 2000 3.245 Thereafter : 4,237

$ 43.843

Rental expense for these operating leases totaled $9,880,000 for fiscal year 1995:

Government Grants and Contracts

The Institution receives funding or reimbursement from governmental agen- cies for various activities which are subject to audit. Audits of these activities have been completed through fiscal year 1994. However, audits of fiscal years 1993 and 1994 have not been closed with the cognizant agency. Management believes that any adjustments which may result from those audits and the audits for fiscal year 1995 would not have a material effect on the Institution’s financial statements.

(9) Long-term Debt

All September 30, 1995, long-term debt consisted of an unsecured note payable to Signet Bank totaling $2,850,000 and an interest-free loan from the Virginia Department of Aviation totaling $500,000.

The Signet note bears interest at 1 percent in excess of the Federal Funds Rate, which was 6.20 percent at September 30, 1995. Interest is payable quarterly; principal is payable in quarterly installments of $63,333. The remaining unpaid principal balance is due December 31, 1996. The proceeds from the Signet Bank note financed a warehouse facility for Institution muse- um shops. During the fiscal year 1995, $203,000 was recorded as interest expense in the auxiliary activities funds for the note with Signet Bank.

The Virginia Department of Aviation provided the Institution with an interest-free loan totaling $3 million, $500,000 of which was received by year-end. This loan will help finance the planning, marketing, fund raising, and design of the proposed National Air and Space Museum extension at Washington Dulles International Airport. The Institution is scheduled to repay the outstanding loan not later than June 30, 1998.

The aggregate amount due for outstanding loans for the years ending September 30, are as follows:

Year ($000s) 1996 s 253 1997 2.597 1998 $00

$ 3,350

(10) Availability of Prior Years’ Appropriations

The U.S. Congress enacted Public Law 101-510, the Defense Authorization Act (the Act) which determined prior year appropriations are only available for a five-year period. Beginning with the fiscal year 1989 appropriations, recipients were required to maintain annual appropriations for a five-year period following the year of appropriation. At the end of this six-year life, the appropriation account is closed and any unobligated balances are returned to the U.S. Treasury. During fiscal year 1995, the Institution returned $1,657,000 to the U.S. Treasury which represented the unobligated balance for fiscal year 1990.

(11) Accessions and Deaccessions

For fiscal year 1995, $4,224,000 of trust funds and $2,160,000 of tederal funds were spent to acquire collection items. Proceeds from trust fund deac- cessions were $601,000. There were no collection deaccessions purchased with federal funds in fiscal year 1995. At September 30, 1995, proceeds from deaccessions of $10,138,000 were designated for collections acquisitions and preservation in the trust funds as quasi-endowment.

(12) Transfers Among Trust Funds

The following transfers were made among trust fund groups for fiscal year 1995:

($000s) Endowment

Current funds and similar Plant

Unrestncted___Restncted funds funds

Investment return in excess of payout $ (1.032) (1.309) 2.341 - Quasi-endowment funds retumed 872 1.170 (2.042) - Designated as quasi-endowment (629) (3.143) Beta: - Other transfers, net 585 (3.125) = 2.540 Total transters S (204) (6.407) 4.071 2.540

(13) Employee Benefit Plans

The federal employees of the Institution are covered by either the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) or the Federal Employee Retirement System (FERS). The features of both of these systems are defined in pub- lished government documents. Under both systems, the Institution withholds from each federal employee's salary the required salary percentage. The Institution also contributes specified percentages. The Institution’s program costs for fiscal year 1995 was approximately $14,450,000.

The Institution has a separate defined contribution retirement plan for trust employees, in which substantially all trust fund employees are eligible to par- ticipate. Under the plan, the Institution contributes stipulated percentages of salary which are used to purchase individual annuities, the rights to which are immediately vested with the emplovees. Employees can make voluntary contributions, subject to certain limitations. The Institution's cost of the plan for fiscal year 1995 was approximately $8,267,000.

It is the policy of the Institution to pay the accrued costs of all plans cur- rently.

In addition to the Institution’s retirement plans, the Institution makes available certain health care and life insurance benefits for active and retired employees. The plan is contributory for retirees and requires payment of pre- miums and deductibles. Retiree contributions for premiums are established by an insurance carrier based on the average per capita cost of benefit cover- age for all participants, active and retired, in the Institution’s plan. The inclu- sion of retirees in the calculation of average per capita cost results in a high- er average per capita cost than would result if only active employees were covered by the plan. Therefore, the Institution has a postretirement benefit obligation for the portion of the expected future cost of the retiree benefits that are not recovered through retiree contributions. The Institution’s policy is to fund the cost of these benefits on the pay-as-you-go basis.

The Institution adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 106, Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions, during fiscal year 1994 and elected to record the October 1, 1993, accumulated postre- tirement benefit obligation (APBO) using the 20-year amortization option.

328

The following table presents the Plan’s funded status reconciled with amounts recognized in the Institution’s statement of financial condition at September 30, 1995:

(S000s)

Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO)

Retrees $ (2,542) Eligible active plan participants (4,664) Total APBO (7,206) Plan assets at fair value 190 Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in excess of plan assets (7.016)

Unrecognized prior service costs - Unrecognized net gain (1,167)

Unrecognized transition obligation 5,869 Accrued postretirement benefit cost $ (2.314

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost for the year ended September 30, 1995 includes:

(000s

Service costs $ 490 Interest costs 519 Amortization of transition obligation over 20 years 326 Net penodic postretirement benefit cost 7 $ 1,335

The discount rate used to determine the APBO was 8.25 percent. A 10 percent health care cost trend rate was assumed for fiscal year 1995 with this rate decreasing .5 percent each year to an ultimate rate of 5 percent in fiscal year 2005 and thereafter. If the assumed health care cost trend rate was increased by 1 percentage point in each vear, the net periodic postretire- ment benefit cost would be higher by $158,000 and the APBO higher by $1,004,000 as of September 30, 1995.

(14) Voluntary Separation Costs

During fiscal year 1994, the Institution announced the Voluntary Separation Incentive Program. This program was offered to meet employee restructuring requirements of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act. The Institution accepted 209 federal funds employees and 23 trust funds employees into the program. Voluntary separation costs totaling $5,109,000 and $434,000 were recorded in the federal and trust funds, respectively. This program-had no carryover into fiscal year 1995 expenses and no similar programs were announced in fiscal year 1995.

(15) Income Taxes

The Institution is exempt from income taxation under the provisions of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Organizations described in that section are taxable only on their unrelated business income. No provision for income taxes was required for fiscal year 1995.

It is the opinion of the Institution’s management that it is also exempt from taxation as an instrumentality of the United States as defined in

Section 501(c)(1) of the Code. Organizations described in that section are exempt from all income taxation. The Institution has not yet formally sought such dual status.

(16) Current Trust Funds Financial Activity

Current unrestricted funds are comprised of three distinct subfunds. These subfunds include the auxiliary activities fund that represents primarily the revenue and expenditures of the Smithsonian Associates, Smithsonian and Air & Space/Smithsonian magazines, and museum shops, concessions and mail order sales. The special purpose fund represents funds internally desig- nated for specific purposes and the general purpose fund consists of all other unrestricted activity in the current funds.

The financial activity for the current trust funds by subfund for fiscal year 1995 is as follows:

($000s) Unrestricted General Auxiliary Special Total funds funds tunds Unrestricted Restricted Totals Revenue and other additions: Government grants and contracts $ = - - - 50.353 50.353 Investment income 9.824 - 932 10.756 9.915 20,671 Net gain (loss) on sale of securities (33) - - (33) - (33) Gifts, bequests and private grants 300 8,788 77\ 9.859 23,340 33,199 Rentals, fees, and commissions 881 - 11,550 12.431 3.428 15,859 Auxiliary activities - 183.446 10.362 193.808 - 193.808 Total revenue and other additions 10.972 192.234 23.615 226.821 87,036 313.857 Expenditures and other deductions: Research, educational and collection acquisition 10.410 - 24,922 35,332 69.189 104.521 Administration 5,914 8,239 895 15,048 10,688 25,736 Facilities services 1,366 - a7 1.403 26 1.429 Auxiliary activities - 168.660 7.611 176.271 — 176,27]

Total expenditures and other deductions 17.690 176.899 __ 33.465 228.054 79.903 ___ 307.957

Excess of revenue and other additions over (under) expendi-

tures and other deductions (6.718) 15.335 (9.850) (1,233) FABRE! 5,900 funds (note 12) 5,858 (151335)).. '9:273 (204) (6.407) _ (6.611)

Net increase (decrease) for the year $ (860) a (577) (1.437) 726 (711)

Transfers among

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