siren story about survival. science to music in the home i usually such the tentative play out. well i was the only ones i was super. not his music under the swastika stuff may 25th on d. w. the whole life on earth is based on a versatile chemical elements of carbon, depending on how it's adams born to each other. it can be as hard as diamonds or soft is graphite. when carbon bonds with oxygen, it becomes gaseous. world wide. it's these carbon dioxide emissions that we need to reduce. that's because the colorless and photo lift gas is considered the main cause of global warming. and that is the 2nd weather patterns everywhere, from the polar forest in the north, to the amazon in the south. the many faces of carbon

coming off on tomorrow today dw science magazine, the faces from the depths of human history, 20000 calling instead of in this from the will to for the 1st time. and the modem will, for archaeologist called us desilva, the one positive aspect of the terrible drought itching the amazon f as imagine. yeah, there's more face image is revealed, the culture of the family amazon in people's gene was i think this the roots are in the forest with the basis for the survival as far as you read. and that's still true of many people here today, a fox that has become painfully clear. the largest drainage basin in the world is going through the west round since reco keeping the gun. the difference between rainy and dry seasons has never been so dramatic. 2 hours from the house,

the capital of the state farm. as soon as the city council has sent these villages help in the form of clean drinking water, there were no roads to the village of john to it on it. a now boats can know when he comes to the phone as the waters have receded, ella and see so so data has to decide who, who gets which kind of stance. held the band villages sets off in 40 degree heat over the hills that in the past just clear the water line. what was once a wide lake area has been reduced to a few rivulets. each family has received, fortunately to the water. we joined the sea so un domingos, even with a smooth flap. bolton boats everyone uses here. it's getting hot, even hot. it's and make progress. inevitably we get stuck on times to try a different channel. we turn over the engine and move back to little,

but at some point there's no other choice. we have to get out to the lights and the load domingos headstone alone, taking the heavy, kindest as to the house. you'll collect slater or you out and they'll say still out back the river result street here. well, it's the carpet that connects us with that. here in our region, the river is everything without it and when nothing, even in the dry season, the river normally lots rights up to the steps. this drinking water is only enough for a few days. but when it's time to make another run, they may not be able to get out if you, even with the smartest of boats guarantee. as soon as you go look, is hard to hear today. see all along the fixture dying. because the overall more to count of sold enough oxygen on the regions. well, no river gulf in this on farming. well i, the more than a 100 died in like to say. the researches were initially puzzled because dolphins

where you thought post mortem dissections showed the high water temperatures which topped 39 degrees seem to cause the dolphins to suffer a stroke. for climate researches like aram does that a, it's more evidence of unpredictable consequences caused by disturbing the amazon's complex ecosystem that more mo, high and low voltage phases on normal in the m as in region. that's not the problem . what worries us climate researches is that these phenomena are becoming more frequent on more extreme and their circle. this is the only new weather phenomenon in which because every few years is currently exhaustive aging these effects. but the main cause is the destruction of the rain forest. where would you live? will marford, you only know, is driving moisture from here to the southern atlantic and from on top of the month if deforestation, which means there's less water evaporating from trees,

was the consequences on less rain, brutal hatred with temperatures reaching $44.00 degrees celsius? if that continues, the consequences would be catastrophic, are available from the 40 meg shaw and that would impact the whole world. he said just because the amazon rain forest ability to store and vaporize vast amounts of water helps regulate the global climate. as usual board is always talk about apple and rivers. mazda is a filter that evaporates above the forest, and then the snow and south, thus keeping the global climate and balance. that's because water vapor buffers. intense radiation from deforestation means the less water evaporates speed. also, the drawing season is starting earlier in any of in the amazon. so the water disappears, foster leaving ships stranded for weeks or even months on end. with a safe harbor in sight, tug boat captain junior, caesar sold to be able to make it,

but he was wrong to talk with you though as we tried to make it out, but help arrive late on the water level was dropped really fast. but unless you sent to meet us a day to see if we were fighting the clock, time was all right, any interest the sample you with it before announcing you you? until the won't have a chance to catch him, we'll have to remain in his boat to do to potential phoenix. i live the west volumes home would normally be floating in 10 meters of water. busy now he's got to dig a well in the river bed to get water to live. while we use the water for washing up washing clothes shattering, we have chlorine then it's safe. for the p is accessed glands to be a pitch rascal valley is actually a tributary of the amazon. the growth still bears witness to the masses of boat and that of seats away from his operated the de leon. baltimore is 74 years old, and lives and fishing. now he stranded and worried,

proud of is the more the rain forest is cut down. the more difficult to get because a drought is getting what every home in front of my for the time being filed, a most fishing nets, a serving a different purpose. the bed of the attribute tree is no a soccer field. and they'll touch pools instead of fish until the water returns north of the arctic circle, the permafrost is thawing due to the unusually warm temperatures. this is causing carbon dioxide to escape from the ground. the hot weather is also driving wild fires. huge areas of forest recently burnt in canada. will the forest ever grow back? okay, so just be careful here, viviana. there's been a lot of smouldering and there's a lot of holes in the ground. jennifer bouncer leads us through what's left of the forest. even the or physically scorched savagely by fire. so these like you can see

how deep the burning has been into this. these are p, this is all peace soil. instead of the neighbor greenforest of black spruce, there's just tried trunks. after the 2023 wild fires, but the damage to the soil here is even more important most for us. and also the carpet is stored in the trees, but in this system is stored in the soil and we have 80 to 90 percent of the carbon in the system started below ground. and these beautiful pete soils that are when they're, again, when they're west, they're resistant. to fire, but when they're dry they can be very, very flammable. fires are actually a natural part of the ecosystem here in this forest bordering the arctic circle. but with conditions now dryer and hotter, the fires are becoming bigger and more frequent. you know, we have temperatures approaching 40 degrees here in the, you know, we're, we're in the, in the summer are taking our to, for each of us. so things that would not normally be fuel becomes fuel for the fire

. and it means that the fire can access much more of the landscape and burned much larger areas. and there's nothing really to slow it down. in 2023 canada sites, worst wildfire since record keeping began, the inferno was thought to have released 3 times as much c o 2 as the country's entire economy combined. this is a big concern of these mega fire years that will see these burial for us and canada and elsewhere around the world. moving from being really important sinks that buffer some of our own emissions to being sources of carbon to the atmosphere with global implications. for several years now more c o 2 has been released from canada as far as the intact forest areas are able to absorb from the atmosphere. balter inter team has been research eco systems in the northwest territories for over a decade. a premier process at about 90 centimeters.

10 centimeters. i saw. oh wow. it's the measure at what depth the permit for us to begin the far as the north of the arctic circle with their typical soil's bearing lichens. mazda is in pete store around one 3rd of all the carbon worldwide. okay, that's more than twice as much the amount found in atmospheric c o 2 is sick, so it's vital that the carbon stays in the ground. like some of the most carbon rich files in the world happened in burrell systems where we have this is this accumulation of losses. that just because of a cold wet conditions, the star tremendous amount of carbon. these are also places where we have files that are frozen year round and so as carbon gets locked away and from across the season is even more, more protected from being released fat. this, here, the scientists are investigating how big eco systems of the phone north are changing a sam everett breast, hyatt,

7.3 black spruce trees actually need fire to reproduce. and it has cold. gets the heat of the fire that releases the seeds and the cones, but with more frequent and more extreme fires, the cones now often char completely, so that this process can't reproduce back to the forest that burned in the fire. as young aspen trees are growing back in some places, ballots are nose from previous experience that the forest recovers to varying degrees. sometimes it returns to what it was before the fire. um, so we call that resilience. sometimes it transitions to a different trace basis. so the forest is still there, but it functions in a different way, but where we see burning that's really severe or really frequent. these are places where we often see failure to return to for us with fire was small during long afterwards. the fear is the good week night wind temperatures rise again. these

forests are in an incredibly large, near the untouched wilderness. voucher says trying to fight the fires is impossible . you have access to the forest up here in the north. for the most part up here, the only solution to this, to this fire cycle is really rapidly drawn down our greenhouse gas emissions surface. in 2023. northern canada was 3 degrees celsius warmer than in pre industrial times. this trend could trigger a dangerous spiral disrupting carbon sinks around the arctic circle that have taken thousands of years to 4th the there is already too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. so what can we do? plants and trees are masters of absorbing c o. 2. with that, the lights,

they fix the carbon and release the oxygen. so could find photos, synthesis be imitated in a lab, and perhaps even accelerated professor to be a sub, has an and vicious go. he wants to improve nature, or at least one of nature's most important process is photosynthesis. the process on which life on this base to take and mentally examine this kind of goals, claim that photo synthesize doesn't work especially well. but ponce, i actually live with it quite happily. i yeah, but we humans always want more efficiency volume so that we can achieve more with less. and that was the incentive for us to say, what more could we tease out of the system? even though it's not 3000000000 years to evolve? why hasn't it go back to? can i, we think it's pretty understand. during photosynthesis light was it on carbon dioxide . what together to produce a simple call them compound, glucose plus oxygen. the glucose stays in the plan to enabling it to grow,

while the oxygen is released into the book to be as of is interested in, is the process of c o 2 fix ation. in this cycle contests it gets by one. so basically the question is how can i capture c o 2 and convert it into useful compound, the kind of how can i, can that inanimate carbon into something organic. when i'm being able to copy this fundamental principle, it's and we think it is actually what interests us in this whole matter in tennessee and it's like working far. so what if we could find solutions that nature has never tried? what is more oxygen a more carbon compounds could be produced using a photo synthesis that's been optimized by humans. to do this to be as opposed to take a closer look at how pump, very defensive is works. it relies on biscoe an enzyme that's responsible for converting the copper dioxide with mathis. it will be for this got to convert. it's at a rate of about 5 molar kills of c o 2. this one can as you know,

but what is the plant could absorb a 100 c o 2 molecules per 2nd to create an alternate so they begun searching for an enzyme that was better, faster and more effective by trolling through research databases. and they found it in a bacterium, it's an enzyme that's involved in the citric acid cycle. it's called e. c. o. experiments have shown that e c o is indeed much better than we bisco those. that converting c o 2 and building column compounds under select on 5 thing we to kill 2 birds with one stone, we reducing c o 2. but we're also generating a useful product that's more complex than what nature does size, but they've now developed a prototype. it's robin like enzymes swimming around and the liquid. the task now is to incorporate this new operating system into

a living organism. it's all going to be equipped with the improved ability to bind c o 2 o d phones could extract carbon dioxide from it and use it to produce large quantities of oxygen and valuable carbon compounds in frontier. this could also revolutionize the chemical industry because i wouldn't need crude oil to synthesize chemicals. i could produce everything from c o 2 using like old patrick chemical products i want. that's the big vision. and so far initial results and that a bar a treat that very promising learners read. why are the, do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprised as a thank you. so come on. just ask this week's question comes from a viewer in mexico,

the how important towards be used for humans. these are considered the 3rd most important live stock animal in agriculture, after pigs and cows. there are thought to be up 230000 species worldwide. we've been breeding honey bees for thousands of years. species that are domesticated are known as wild bees. they include certain kinds of bumblebees. for example, these pollinate many crops and therefore play a key role in our food supply. in europe, 3 quarters of all cultivated plants depend, guns be used for pollination. without them fruit trees would only produce a quarter of their normal yield. incidentally, studies have shown time and again that the best pollinators are not honey bees. but while these one study looked over, 40 different prompt systems all over the world from smaller scale fields to giant

monro cultures, comparing colonization by honey bees with that of wild insect. the result showed that the same number of flour, visits by wild beast clicked a harvest twice as high as when the flowers were visited by domesticated bees. despite that honey beast continued to draw most of our attention once back in the hive, the nectar in poland they collect is enriched with the enzymes and packed into honeycombs . the sweet result is turned into products that are thought to be good for your health, such as honey. it's set to help with codes for sleep and blemish skin. but while these are also in focus, researchers have studied the venom they produce. it contains an anti inflammatory compound that might be useful against cancer honey bee. venom also contains this compound, but its effects are stronger, so it also damages healthy cells. in

a wild be species of variance was found that only works on cancer cells. that study also showed that bee venom has grown more toxic in the course of evolution. and now it's time to look at pete bogs. pete lands provide valuable habitats for rare plants and animals, and could also store enormous amounts of c o 2. but that's not the only thing that makes them so fascinating to scientists. a well known salt metal landscape on the baltic sea. it was an a bulk similar to this one that insect expert to be as mine to made us in station or discovery not long ago. ready ready ready instructions on that important i was traveling with a friend in brandenburg where i come from the choices. we often hung the beatles. then the weather was good and i saw some remains sparkling in the sun. it turned

out to be a beetle. somebody took it with me when it's hans, it clearly identifying most people's spacings in the field mice that were over 6000 of them in germany. but they told him, we knew it was old since i bought, but we didn't know just how interest us was minister due to the low oxygen content . and the amino acids in the soil decomposition happens very slowly and bergland environments. it takes thousands of years for people to form less than a minute meter of new. so you list a positive each year. so 10 meters of it represent 10000 years of history. this means foils samples can help to determine the age of the beetle. professor of people in studies on houston does one test on site visit, know, signed in here at o, o and you'll get what you hear me on this and populate how now

we didn't, so best way to check if the sand and it is with your teeth is on the consent, you can sense it immediately when you eat something. if the sand in it, it crunch it level and from pop you up to it doesn't crunch and run this pretty much. you can see this is a very dive. this payment due to this is made of purely organic material, which root material from this vegetation. what's the month of the all of these? i think it's actually the samples of in taken to that a bar a tree for a more precise analysis. the, the south in the area, a local fan around the town of light time also plays a key role. in fact, pete venza excellent. c o 2 rest appliance worldwide. they cover less than 3 percent of the land, but they store twice as much carbon as all forests put together. the lifetime of moles is also a breeding ground for protected goods, so that, so the more reason to preserve it on the theory of for the, for all right here is to buy for tech to climate, and provide

a great competent for wild life. and offer a recreational site for people to or like many other pete and areas. however, the light time on most was drained long ago to provide farmland. many types of grain only grow in dry fields. so ditches with dogs to release the water. in the lifetime i most conservation is now $1.00 to $10.00 the truck to re which the bulk, the price of admission that 2 years ago. for the last 12 years they've been allowed to discharge water into it. again, their home depot, we have a government mandate re watching because we know that dr. payton and bogs home the climate, and by raising the water levels, we immediately stopped their emission. that's the great thing about pete and be watching. you defend this all the taking bullshit from the river. now attribute tree of the down need. ideally, the bulk should be kept flooded the whole time, but that's not possible yet. strict regulations govern how much water can be

siphoned from waterways. when we think often in summer and summer, it's very hot and windy and the vegetation gross. so a lot of water evaporates. that means you have to keep topping it out. so i'm offering the working group is hoping to get permission to pump in even more voltage . but the changes already having an impact for locals like fama christie and maya. requesting is forcing in to adopt a free mind that they used to be fields here where we come to potatoes or cone, but with the west thing. so that's no longer possible. she saw a couple of things that movies. so he brought in water, buffalo, other grazing animals, wouldn't eat much of the people implants, and they would founder and up all the ground. more farm is realizing they need to change. the coming is always reaching a point where they can no longer fund these areas any other way. so they're looking

for alternatives. maya currently keeps 20 buffalo on his 20 high does. but so things to work. most of them is need to get on board the appropriate this government funding for these changes is limited. meanwhile, back at the university of christ, filed and north germany to be his mind to enhance. you'll still not studying that will be don't, if i could, but if we remove the remains from the number of pages and then i tend to find them under a microscope using specialist literature because corpus signs to be in touch. when cases, they can identify it as it can be taught. but honey, houston still wants to know how old it is using plant pulling every year with them $10000.00 component grains phone on every square centimeter of soil. for these a potent carolina least caught in jane's navy, depending on which tree produce. then what it to you, it's a beach tree that's completely different. potent grains than a bush, for example,

on different pollen prevails in every age because the vegetation has changed over them and then yeah, like the ice type. often the ice age, the only trees watch the butch and pine. supposedly it took thousands of years before the older all the alamo. the oaks came in. i saw none. so we found out of this beetle and must have died and ended up in the bulk around $6000.00 to $6.00 and a half 1000 years ago. as i was on ancient beetle, preserved almost perfectly by the city environments of the people intact, folks grow very slow leak. that makes them a treasure trove. the layers of soil revealing how the climate is changed over the last 10000 days. and that's all for this week and tomorrow today dw science show. thanks for joining us and see you again next time, bye for now. the,

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a model of technology, human kinds, most valuable machine, the international space station here on the i ss. reset just have been working together across the board is just fine. crises, awards over 25 years. flows in 75 minutes on d w. the visa used to put this in the notes not just another day. so much is happening all at once. we take

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the, it could be green. very green. all this blue p s twine twine has nothing to read. definitely pull just to yes. yes. that's what you prefer. people apples very special. that's in the georgia. choose your favorite color. the

. the that we news lot like from berlin is really tanks roll into rafa in southern gaza. israel takes control of a key border crossing inside the territory. the persian leaves a new ceasefire deal hanging in the balance. also coming on. joe biden condemns anti semitism at a holocaust memorial ceremony. the u. s. president warrens against the rise and anti jewish sentiments in america observed since the start of the war in gossip smiles and hands.